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LACTIDE

urine. It is not only formed in milk when it becomes sour, but also in the fermentation of several vegetable juices, and in the putrefaction of some animal matters. The acid which is found in the fermented juice of beet-root, turnips, and carrots, in sourkrout, in fermented rice-water, in the fermented extract of nux vomica, and in the infusion of bark used by tanners, is for the most part pure lactic acid. It is a colourless, inodorous, very sour liquid, of a syrupy consistence. It coagulates milk. Lactide (lak'tid), n. (CH02.) A volatile substance, one of the products of the dry distillation of lactic acid. See LACTONE. Lactiferous (lak-tif'èr-us), a. [L. lac, milk, and fero, to bear.] 1. Bearing or conveying milk or white juice; as, a lactiferous duct. 2. Producing a thick white or coloured juice, as a plant.

Lactific, Lactifical (lak-tif'ik, lak-tif'ik-al), a [L. lac, lactis, milk, and facio, to make.] Causing, producing, or yielding milk. Lactifuge (lak'ti-fuj), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk, and fugo, to expel.] A medicine which checks or diminishes the secretion of milk in the breast.

Lactine, Lactose (lak'tin, lak'tōs), n. [Fr. lactine, from L. lac, milk.] Sugar of milk (C12H22O11), a substance obtained by evaporating whey, filtering through animal charcoal, and crystallizing. It forms hard, white, semi-transparent trimetric crystals, which have a slightly sweet taste, and grate between the teeth. It is convertible like starch into glucose by boiling with very dilute sulphuric acid. Nitric acid converts it into malic, oxalic, and mucic or saclactic acid.

Lacto-butyrometer (lak'tō-bu-ti-rom"etér), n. [L. lac, milk, Gr. butyron, butter, and metron, measure.] A kind of lactometer for ascertaining the quantity of buttery matter any particular milk contains.

Lacto-densimeter (lak'tō-den-sim'et-ér), n. [L. lac, milk, densus, dense, and Gr. metron, measure.] A kind of hydrometer for finding the density of milk, and thus discovering whether it has been mixed with water. Lactometer (lak-tom'et-ér), n. [L. lac, milk, and Gr. metron, a measure.] An instrument for ascertaining the different qualities of milk. Several instruments of this sort have been invented. One consists of a glass tube 1 foot long, graduated into 100 parts. New milk is filled into it and allowed to stand until the cream has fully separated, when its relative quantity is shown by the number of parts in the 100 which it occupies.

Called also Galactometer. Lactone (lak'tōn), n. (CHO) A colourless volatile liquid, possessing an aromatic smell, produced, along with lactide, by the dry distillation of lactic acid. Lactoryt (lak'to-ri), a. Lactiferous; lactary. Lactoscope (lak'tō-skop), n. [L. lac, lactis, milk, and Gr. skopeo, to see.] An instrument for estimating the quantity of cream in milk by ascertaining its opacity. Lactose. See LACTINE.

Lactuca (lak-tü'ka), n. A genus of plants, nat, order Compositæ, sub-order Cichoraceæ. It includes about sixty species of annual and biennial herbs, many of which are eminently useful as salad and culinary plants. They are smooth (rarely hispid) plants abounding in milky juice, of erect habit, having entire or pinnate leaves, and yellow or blue flowers in paniculate heads, and are chiefly natives of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the northern parts of America. Many varieties are cultivated in our gardens, and all of these are divided into two groups: cabbage-lettuces, with round depressed or spreading cabbage-like heads, and cos-lettuces (which take their name from the island of Cos, in the Grecian Archipelago), growing erect and oblong. Four species are found wild in Britain. The milky juice of the different species is usually bitter, astringent, and narcotic, especially in L. virosa. L. sativa (garden-lettuce) is one of the principal kinds of vegetables used for salads. See LACTUCARIUM. Lactucarium (lak-tu-kä'ri-um), n. [From L. lactuca, lettuce, from lac, lactis, milk.] The inspissated milky juice of Lactuca satica or garden-lettuce, and also of L. virosa, L. scariola, and L. altissima. It possesses slight anodyne properties, and is sometimes used as a substitute for opium.

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Lactucic (lak-tü'sik),a. Pertaining to plants of the genus Lactuca.

Lactumen (lak-tu'men), n. [L., from lac, milk: so named from the white colour of the pustules.] In med. the milk-scab, which affects children at the breast. Lacuna (la-ku'na), n. pl. Lacunæ (la-kü'nē). [L., a hollow.] 1. A pit or depression; a small blank space; a gap; a hiatus.-2. In bot. (a) one of the small hollows or pits on the upper surface of the thallus of lichens. (b) A name given occasionally to the internal organ, commonly called an air-cell, lying in the midst of the cellular tissue of plants.3. In anat. one of a multitude of follicles in the mucous membranes, as in those of the urethra.-4. In physiol. one of the spaces left among the tissues of the lower animals which serve in place of vessels for the circulation of the fluids of the body. Lacunal (la-kun'al), a. Pertaining to or having lacunæ.

Lacunar (la-kun'ėr), n. pl. Lacunars, Lacunaria (la-kun'arz, la-ku-na'ri-a). [L.] In

Ceiling with Lacunars, Buckingham Palace.

arch. (a) the ceiling or under surface of the member of an order, of the corona of a cornice, or of the part of the architrave between the capitals of columns, and generally any ceiling having sunk or hollowed compartments without spaces or bands between the panels; a laquear having bands between the panels. Gwilt. (b) One of the coffers or sunk compartments in ceilings or the soffits of cornices.

Lacunar (la-kun'èr), a. Pertaining to or having lacunæ or lacunars; characterized by open spaces at intervals. Lacunaria, n. pl. See LACUNAR, n. Lacunette (la-ku-net'), n. In fort. a small fosse or ditch.

Lacunoso-rugose (la-kun'ös-o-rö-gös'), a. [L. lacuna, a pit, anything hollow, and ruga, a wrinkle.] In bot. marked by deep, broad, irregular wrinkles, as the shell of the walnut or stone of the peach. Lacunous, Lacunose (la-kun'us, la-kun'ōs),

a.

[L. lacunosus, from lacuna, a pit or hollow.] Furrowed or pitted; having a few scattered, irregular, broadish, but shallow excavations, as a surface; as, a lacunose leaf has the disc depressed between the veins.

Lacustral (la-kus'tral), a. Same as Lacus

trine.

Lacustrine (la-kus'trin), a. [L. lacus, a lake.] Pertaining to a lake.- Lacustrine deposits, deposits formed at the bottom of lakes, which frequently consist of a series of strata disposed with great regularity one

Lacustrine Dwellings restored.-From Troyon.

above the other. From the study of these numerous fresh-water deposits geologists obtain a knowledge of the ancient condition of the land.-Lacustrine or lake dwellings, the name given to ancient habitations

LADE

built on small islands in lakes, or on platforms supported by piles near the shores of lakes. Herodotus describes certain dwellings of this kind on Lake Prasias in Thrace as being approached by a narrow bridge, each habitation having a trap-door in the floor, giving access to the water beneath, through which fish were caught. The remains of a great number of such dwellings, some of them belonging to prehistoric times, have been met with in Europe, among the first having been discovered in 1839 in the small lake of Lagore, in the county of Meath, Ireland, in which country they are styled crannogs or crannoges. Similar remains have since been discovered in lakes in Scotland, Switzerland, and elsewhere, the level of the lakes often having risen since the dwellings were inhabited. Dwellings not dissimilar are still constructed by the natives of Borneo, New Guinea, and other countries.

Lad, t Ladde,† pret. of lede. Led; carried. Chaucer; Spenser.

Lad (lad), n. [Of doubtful origin. In O.E. ladde is generally used of a man of inferior station. Perhaps modified by influence of ladde, led (as if one who is led), from O.E. lede, a man, A. Sax. leôd, leóda, a man, a countryman; leôdan, Goth. liudan, to grow. The W. llawd, a lad, is by some regarded as the original. Lass, supposed to be a contraction of ladess, or of W. llodes, a girl, is the feminine corresponding to lad.] 1. A young man or boy; a stripling.-2. Fellow; comrade: often used in addressing men of any age.

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Shak.

How now, old lad! 3. A male sweetheart. [Scotch.] Ladanum (lad'a-num), n. [L.; Gr. ladanon, the resinous juice of a shrub lada, from Per. ladan, the shrub.] The resinous juice which exudes from the Cistus ladaniferus, a cistaceous shrub which grows in Spain and Portugal, and from C. creticus, which grows in Crete, Syria, &c. It is collected with a kind of rake, with leather thongs attached to it, with which the shrubs are brushed. The best sort is in dark-coloured or black masses, of the consistence of a soft plaster. harder than the former, and of a paler The other sort is in long rolls coiled up, colour. It was chiefly used in external applications, but is now in little request. Also called Labdanum. Ladanum-bush (lad'a-num-bush), n. A name of the species of Cistus which yield ladanum.

Ladder (lad'dér), n. [A. Sax. hlædder; cog. O. Fris. hladder, D. ladder, O.H. G. hleitra, hleitara, Mod. G. leiter, a ladder. The initial guttural is radical, and the word is connected by Grimm with L. clathri, a trellis or grate, Goth. hleithra, a tent or hut of wattles; by some it is ascribed to same root as Gr. klimax, a ladder, klinein, to bend. ] 1. A frame of wood, metal, or rope, consisting of two side-pieces connected by rounds or rungs inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus forming steps by which persons may ascend a building, &c.-2. Fig. any means of ascending; a means of rising to eminence. Mounting fast towards the top of the ladder ecclesiastical.' Swift.Accommodation ladder. See under Accommodation. Companion ladder. See under Companion.

Ladder-work (lad'dér-werk), n. Work done on a ladder, as painting, stuccoing, and the like: a workman's term.

Laddie (lad'i), n. [Dim. from lad.] A boy; a young man: often used as a term of endearment. [Scotch.] Lade (lad), v. t. pret. laded; pp. laded, laden (the former always in sense 2); ppr. lading. [A. Sax. hladan, to load; also to pump or convey water out of or into any vessel; O. Sax. and O. H. G. hladan, Icel. hlatha, Goth. hlathan, to load. Load is almost the same word. Hence ladle.] 1. To load; to put a load or cargo on or in; as, we lade a ship with cotton; we lade a horse with corn. [In this sense load is now the form commonly used.]

And they laded their asses with the corn, and departed thence. Gen. xlii. 26. Their laded branches bow. Drayton. 2. To lift or throw in or out, as a fluid, with a ladle or other utensil; to lave: as, to lade water out of a tub or into a cistern.

And chides the sea that sunders him from thence, Shak Saying he'll lade it dry to have his way.

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LADE

Lade (lad), v.i. 1. To draw water.

She did not think best to lade at the shallow chan. nel. Bp. Hall. 2. Naut. to let in water by leakage. Wright. Lade (lad), n. [A. Sax. lád, a canal, a lode.] 1. The mouth of a river.-2. A water-course; a channel for water; in Scotland, specifically the canal or channel which conveys water to a mill; a mill-race. Lade, Laid (lád), n. A load. [Scotch.] Lademan (läd'man), n. [Scotch.] 1. A person who has charge of a packhorse.-2. A servant employed by a miller to return to the owners their quantities of meal when ground.

'A

Laden (lad'n), p. and a. 1. [Pp. of lade in sense 1.] Loaded; charged with a burden or freight-2 Fig, oppressed; burdened. people laden with iniquity.' Is. i. 4. With sorrow laden.' Poe. Laden in bulk, a phrase designating the state of a ship loaded with a cargo which lies loose in the hold, as corn, salt, &c.

Ladied (la'did), a. Lady-like; gentle. Stroked with a ladied hand.' Feltham. Ladies'-man, Lady's-man (lä'diz-man), n. One who much affects the society of ladies; a beau.

Charming person that Mr. Tupple-perfect ladiesman.... Most delightful partner. Dickens. Ladify (la'di-fi), v.t. To render lady-like; to make a lady of; to give the title or style of lady to.

He made a knight,

And your sweet mistress-ship ladify'd. Massinger. Lading (läd'ing), n. That which constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden; as, the lading of a ship. Acts xxvii. 10.- Bill of lading. See under BILL.

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Ladkin (lad'kin), n. A little lad; a youth. That young ladkin. Dr. H. More. Ladle (la'dl), n. [A. Sax. hlædel, from hladan, to draw water. See LADE, c.t.] 1. A utensil shaped like a dish, with a handle, generally! a comparatively long handle, used for lifting or serving out liquids from a vessel. - 2. The receptacle of a mill-wheel which receives the water that moves it. 3. In gun. an instrument for drawing the charge of a cannon.-4. In founding, an iron vessel, often with two handles, in which liquid

metal is carried from the furnace to the mould.

Ladle (la'dl), v.t. To lift or deal out with a ladle; to lade.

Daly's business was to ladle out the punch. T. Hook. Ladleful (la'dl-ful), n. The quantity contained in a ladle.

Ladronet (la-drōn'), n. [Sp. ladrone, from L. latro, latronis, a robber.] A thief; a robber; a highwayman; a rogue. Lady (la'di), n. [A. Sax. hlafdige, late A.Sax. hlaydie, lit. bread-maid, from hlæf, hlaƒ, bread, loaf, and dige, O.E. and Sc. dey, servant-maid. (See DAIRY.) Others derive the word as if from hlofweardige, from hlæf, and weardian, to ward or look after, and this origin would make it a more natural feminine to lord, the latter being derived from hlafweard. See LORD.] 1. A woman of distinction, correlative to lord; the proper title of any woman whose husband is above the rank of a baronet or knight, or who is the daughter of a nobleman not lower than an earl, though often the wife of a baronet or a knight is called by this title.-2. A term applied by courtesy to any woman; one of the fair sex; specifically, a woman of good breeding, education, and refinement of mind: the correlative to gentleman.-3. A wife; a

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5. Among slaters, a small slate measuring about 15 inches long by 8 broad. -Our Lady, the Virgin Mary.

Lady-bird (la'di-bérd), n. [A corruption for lady-bug, another of its names-Lady, from the Virgin Mary, and bug, a beetle, as in the term horn-bug.] A small coleopterous insect, belonging to the family Aphidiphagi of Cuvier. Various species are extremely common on trees and plants in gardens. They form the genus Coccinella of Linnæus. The tarsi have apparently only three joints, bringing them into the section Tri

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mera, or Pseudo-trimera. More than fifty species are known in Britain. Their larvæ, which somewhat resemble small lizards, are very useful, especially in hop-growing countries, on account of the number of aphides or plant-lice which they destroy. Called also Lady-cow, Lady-fly. Ladybrach (la'di-brak), n. A female harrier. Shak

Lady Chapel, n. A chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary, frequently attached to large churches. It was variously placed, but generally to the eastward of the high altar, and in churches of earlier date than the thirteenth century the lady chapel is generally an additional building. The term is of modern application. See under CATHE

DRAL.

Lady-court (la'di-kōrt), n. The court of a lady of the manor.

Lady-cow (la'di-kou), n. Same as Lady-bird. Lady-day (la'di-da), n. The day of the annunciation of the Virgin Mary, March 25th. | It is one of the immovable festivals of the English Church.

Lady-fern (la'di-fèrn), n. A species of polypodiaceous fern, the Athyrium Filix fœmina, common in Great Britain. It has bipinnate or tripinnate fronds of delicate texture, and of a remarkably elegant plumy structure.

Lady-fly (la'di-fli), n. Same as Lady-bird. Ladyhood (laʼdi-hud), n. The condition or rank of a lady. Thackeray.

Ladyism (la'di-izm), n. Airs or conceits adopted by a lady: used contemptuously; as, fine-ladyism.

Lady-killer (la'di-kil-ér), n. A person who is dangerous to ladies, as a real or pretended lover; one who studiously practises to win the affections of ladies; a man whose fascinations are irresistible among the ladies; a general lover.

I'm a modest man. I don't set up to be a ladyThackeray.

killer.

Lady-killing (lä'di-kil-ing), n. Act or practice of a lady-killer; gallantry.

Better for the sake of womankind that this dangerous dog should leave off lady-killing-this Blue Beard give up practice. Thackeray.

Ladykin (la'di-kin), n. [Dim. of lady.] A little lady: applied by Elizabethan writers, under the form Lakin, to the Virgin Mary. Ladylike (la'di-lik), a. Like a lady in any respect; genteel; well bred; refined; delicate or incapable of fatigue; also, affected; effeminate. Spruce and ladylike preachers.' Jer. Taylor.

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Lady-love (la'di-luv), n. A female sweetheart; a lady who is loved. Lady's-bedstraw (la'diz-bed-stra). n. plant, Galium verum. See GALIUM. Lady's-bower (lä'diz-bou-ér), n. A plant, Clematis Vitalba. Called also Traveller'sjoy. See CLEMATIS. Lady's-comb, Venus'-comb (la'diz-kōm, ve'nus-kōm), n. An umbelliferous plant, Scandix pecten-Veneris. Called also Shepherd's-needle. It is a small annual plant, with umbels of small white flowers, and pale green finely divided leaves, which grows in cultivated fields. Its name is derived from the sharp and long points to the fruit, which is laterally compressed and destitute of vittæ or oil-vessels. Lady's-cushion (läʼdiz-kush-on), n. A plant, Saxifraga hypnoides. (See SAXIFRAGA.) The name is also applied to Armeria vulgaris. Lady's-fingers (la'diz-fing-gérz), n. A plant, Anthyllis Vulneraria. Called also Kidneyretch (which see).

The quaking

Lady's-gown (lä'diz-goun), n. In Scots law, a gift sometimes made by a purchaser to a vendor's wife on her renouncing her liferent in her husband's estate. Lady's-hair (lā'diz-här), n. grass (Briza media). Ladyship (la'di-ship), n. The condition or rank of a lady: employed as a title; as, her ladyship was not at the ball. Lady's-maid (lá’diz-măd), n. tendant upon a lady. Lady's-mantle (la'diz-man-tl), n. The popular name of Alchemilla vulgaris. A decoction of the plant is slightly tonic, and was

A female at

at one time believed to have the effect of restoring the faded beauty of ladies to its earliest freshness. Lady's-seal (la'diz-sél), n. A plant, Tamus communis. Called also Black Bryony. It belongs to the nat. order Dioscoreaceæ. It is a perennial climber, with greenish-white flowers and scarlet berries, and grows in hedges and woods in England.

LAGENA

Lady's-slipper (lä'diz-slip-ér), n. The English name of the genus Cypripedium, especially of C. Calceolus. See CYPRIPEDIUM. Lady's-smock (la'diz-smok), n. A cruciferous plant, Cardamine pratensis. Called also Cuckoo-flower. See CARDAMINE. Lady's-traces, Lady's-tresses (la'diz-trasez, la'diz-tres-ez), n. The popular name of a British orchid, Spiranthes autumnalis, known also as Neottia spiralis. The name lady's-tresses is also given to grasses of the genus Briza (which see).

Læmmergeyer (lem'mér-gi-êr), n. Same as Lammergeyer.

Læmodipoda (lẽ - mō - dip ́ō-da), n. pl. [Gr. laimos, the throat, and podos, feet.] An order of marine sessile-eyed crustaceans, which have the anterior pair of feet attached to the cephalic segment. They have no branchise appended to the posterior extremity. The females have a kind of pouch under the second and third segments, in which the ova are carried. The whale-louse (Cyamus) and Caprella are examples Lætare, Lætare Sunday (le-tā'rē, lē-tā'rēsun'da), n. Eccles. the fourth Sunday after Lent: so called because the ancient Christian Church began its service on that day with Latare, sterilis, or Laetare, Jerusalem. (Rejoice, barren one, Rejoice, Jerusalem.) Lætitia (le-tish'i-a), n. A small planet or asteroid, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by Chacornac, 8th February, 1856.

Lævigate, Lævigatous (lē'vi-gāt, lē'vi-gāt us), a. [L. lævigo, lavigatum, to make smooth, from levis, smooth.] In bot. having a smooth polish: applied to seeds. Lævoglucose (lē'võ-glü-kōs), n. See LEVO

GLUCOSE.

Lævogyrate (lē'vō-ji-rāt), a. Same as Lerogyrate.

Lævorotatory (le-vō-rō'ta-to-ri), a. [L. lærus, left, and rota, a wheel.] Same as Levogyrate.

Lævulose (1ēvũ-16s), an Same as Levulose. Lafitte (la-fet), n. One of the four famous red Bordeaux wines, known in England as clarets, characterized by its silky softness on the palate, and a perfume partaking of violet and raspberry. It receives its name from the extensive vineyard of Château Lafitte in the Haut-Medoc.

Laft, pret. & pp. of leve. Left Chaucer. Laft (laft), n. [Scotch.] 1. A loft; as, a corn laft.-2. A gallery, especially of a church.

I observed a peeress from her seat in front of the laft opposite to me, speaking vehemently to a fat lord at the table below. Galt.

Lag (lag), a. [Probably of Celtic origin; W. lag, weak, slack, languid, llegu, to be sluggish, to flag; Armor. lugud, slowness; Gael. lag, feeble. The root is seen also in L, larus, loose, languidus, languid.] 1. Coming after or behind; slow; sluggish; tardy.

Some tardy cripple bore the countermand That came too Zig to see him buried. Shak. 2. Last; long delayed; as, the lag end. Lag (lag), n. 1. The lowest class; the rump; the fag end.

The senators of Athens, together with the common lag of people. Shak

2. He who or that which comes behind; the last comer; one that hangs back.

What makes my ram the lag of all the flock?

Pote 3. The Australian name for an old convict. 4. Technically, the quantity of retardation of some movement; as, the lag of the valve of a steam-engine; the lag of the tide, that is the time that the tide-wave falls behind the mean time in the first and third quarters of the moon: opposed to priming of the tide, which denotes the acceleration of the tidewave, or amount of shortening of the tideday in the second and fourth quarters of the

moon.

Lag (lag), v.i. pret. & pp. lagged; ppr. lag ging. [See the adjective.] To walk or move slowly; to loiter; to stay behind. I shall not lag behind. Milton Superfluous lags the veteran on the stage. Johnson

Lag (lag), r.t. 1. To slacken.

The hunter with an arrow wounded him in the leg, which made him to halt and lag his flight. Heywood

2. To bring into the hands of justice; to cause to be punished for a crime. [Low slang.] 3. To clothe, as a steam-boiler, to prevent radiation of heat. Lagan (la'gan), n. See LIGAN. Lagena (la-jē'na), n. [L. lagena, a flask.]

LAGENARIA

A genus of Foraminifera, so called from the shape of the outer test. Lagenaria (la-jë-nā'ri-a), n. [L. lagena, a bottle, from the bottle-shaped fruit.] A genus of plants, nat. order Cucurbitaceæ. There is only one species, L. vulgaris, which occurs throughout tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, where it is commonly cultivated. It is a downy, annual, climbing herb, with broad leaves and large white flowers. The fruit is extremely variable in size and shape, and is known as the bottle, club, or trumpet gourd. See GOURD. Lag-end (lag'end), n. The last or extreme end of anything. The lag-end of life.' Shak

Lageniform (la-jë'ni-form), a. [L. lagena, a flask, a bottle, and forma, shape.] In bot shaped like a Florence flask. Lagenorhynchus (la-je'no-ring "kus), n. Llagena, Gr. lagenos, lagynos, a flask, a bottle, and rhynchos, a snout.] A genus of Cetacea, belonging to the family Delphinidæ or the dolphin family. They resemble the bottle-nose whale. Lager-beer (la'gér-bër), n. [G. lagerbier lager, a magazine, a storehouse, and bier, beer.] A popular German beer, so called from its being stored for some months before use. It is now largely manufac

tured in the United States.

Lagerwine (la'gèr-win), n. [G. lagerwein -lager, a storehouse, and wein, wine.] Bottled wine that has been kept for some time in the cellar.

Lagetta (la-get'ta), n. [From Lagetto, the name of the species in Jamaica. ] A genus of plants of the nat. order Thymeleacea;, the lace-bark tree. See LACE-BARK.

Laggard (lag'ard), a. [Lag (which see),
and suffix -ard] Slow; sluggish; backward.
This laggard age.' Collins.
Laggard (lag'ard), n. One who lags; a
loiterer; a lazy, slack fellow.

A laggard in love, and a dastard in war.
Sir IV. Scott.

1. The planking laid

Lagger (lager), n. A loiterer; an idler; one who moves slowly and falls behind. Lagging (lag'ing), n. on the ribs of the centering of a tunnel to carry the brick or stone work.-2. In mach. the covering of a steam-boiler, and the like, to prevent the radiation of heat. Laggingly (lag'ing-li), adv. Loiteringly. Lagomys (la'gō-mis), n. [Gr. lagos, lagos, a hare, and mus, a rat.] A genus of rodent animals, of the family Leporidæ, forming a link between the hare and the rat. Lagomys alpina is found in Siberia, and the very fine hay it stores in small heaps for its winter use is often of great service to travellers in that country. L. ogotona is found in Central Asia, and L. pusillus is found in South-eastern Russia. They differ from the hares proper in having moderate-sized eirs, legs nearly equal, and no tail. Lagoon (la-gon'), n. [It. and Sp. laguna; Llacuna, from lacus, a lake.] 1. A shallow lake or creek connected with the sea or a river, found in low-lying regions, such as portions of the coasts of Italy, Holland, parts of South America, &c. In some cases they are completely dried up in summer; in others they become stagnant marshy pools, separated from the main body of water by sand-banks or mud flats.-2. The sheet of water surrounded by an atoll or coral island. See ATOLL.

Lagophthalmia (lag-of-thal'mi-a), n. [Gr. Laps, a hare, and ophthalmos, the eye.] The continued abnormal retraction of the upper eyelid which prevents it covering the eyeball during sleep, so called from the supposition that this is the natural condition of the eye of the hare when asleep. Lagopus (la-go'pus), n. [Gr. lagōs, a hare, and pous, foot.] 1. The ptarmigan, a genus of birds formerly arranged under the genus Tetrao, and so called from their legs and toes being closely covered with hair-like feathers. See PTARMIGAN.-2. Hare's-foot (which see).

Lagostoma (la-gos'tō-ma), n. [Gr. lagōs, a hare, and stoma, the mouth.] Hare-lip. Lagostomus, Lagostomys (la-gos'to-mus, la-gos'to-mis), n. [Gr. lagos, a hare, and stoma, mouth.] A genus of rodent mammals. The only known species is the L. trichodactylus, a native of Chili and Brazil. It is about the size of a hare, and is called the riscacha.

Lagothrix (la'go-thriks), n. [Gr. lagōs, a hare, and thrix, hair.] A genus of South American monkeys, in which the head is

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round, the nose flat, a thumb on the anterior hand, and the tail partly naked. Lagotis (la-gō'tis), n. [Gr. lagōs, a hare, and ous, otos, an ear.] A genus of rodent mammals, belonging to the family Chinchillida. They have long ears and a long tail, but otherwise, in form, size, and habit, they resemble the rabbit. Their fur is very fine, but is much less valued than it would be were the hair less liable to fall out.

South America.

LAKH

Laisser -faire, Laissez-faire (lās-sã-fär). [Fr., let alone.] A term applied to that policy of government which allows the people to govern themselves as much as possible, and without much interference of their rulers.

Laith, Laithly (lath, lath'li), a. Loathsome; loath; unwilling; reluctant. [Scotch.]

I wad be laith to rin an' chase thee. Burns.

Two species are known, both natives of Laity (la'i-ti), n. [From lay, the adjective.] 1. The people, as distinguished from the clergy; the body of the people not in orders. The progress of the ecclesiastical authority gave birth to the memorable distinction of the laity and clergy. Gibbon.

Lagriidæ (la-grī'i-dē), n.pl. [Type-genus Lagria. A family of small coleopterous insects, found in woods and hedges and on plants. They belong to the section Heteromera, and are generally more or less hairy. The elytra are soft, and the head and thorax narrow. Lagrimando (lag-ri-man'dō). Same as Lagrimoso. Lagrimoso (lag-ri-mō'zō). [It., weeping, doleful, mournful.] In music, a direction appended to a piece of music, denoting that it is to be performed in a weeping plaintive manner. Written also Lacrimoso, Lagune (la-gün'), n. Same as Lagoon. Lagurus (la-gū'rus), n. [Gr. lagos, a hare, and oura, a tail] A genus of plants, belonging to the nat. order Gramineæ. See HARE'S-TAIL GRASS.

Laic (la'ik), a. [L. laicus, from Gr. laikos, from laos, people.] Belonging to the laity or people, in distinction from the clergy. An unprincipled, unedified, and laick rabble.' Milton. 'Laic truth.' Lamb. Laic (lä'ik), n. A layman.

Sir F. Hawkins.

The condition or state of a layman. After the manner

The clergyman was now becoming an amphibious being, both an ecclesiastic and a laic. Laic. Laical (la'ik-al), a. Laicality (la-ik-al'i-ti), n. quality of being laical; the Laically (la'ik-al-li), adv. of a layman or the laity. Laid (lad), pret. & pp. of lay: so written for Layed. Laid paper, writing paper with a ribbed surface as if inlaid, called creamlaid, blue-laid, &c., according to shade or colour.

Laidly (lad'li), a. [A form of weathly, laithly.] Repugnant to the sight; repulsive; unsightly; loathsome. [Provincial English and Scotch.]

The King of Bamborough had a fair daughter, who was transformed into this laidly or loathsome worm by her malicious stepmother. IV. Howitt. Laigh (lach), a. Low in situation; not high or tall; as, a laigh man. [Scotch.] Lain (län), pp. of lie.

You have but fed on the roses, and lain in the lilies. of life. Tennyson.

Laine, inf. of verb to lay. Chaucer. Lainers,t n. pl. [See LANIER.] Straps or thongs. Chaucer.

Lair (lar), n. [A. Sax. leger, a bed, a couch, a grave, from the root of lay, lie. See LAY.] 1. A place to lie or rest, especially the resting-place of a wild beast, &c. Out of the ground up rose, As from his lair, the wild beast.

Milton.

2. Any couch or resting-place. Upon a lair composed of straw, with a blanket stretched over it, lay a figure. Sir W. Scott.

3. Pasture or grass land; pasture.
More hard for hungry steed t' abstain from
pleasant lair.
Spenser.

4. A burying-place; a grave or tomb.
The minster church, this day of great repair,
Of Glastonbury, where now he has his lair.
Hardying.

5. In Scotland, a portion of a burying-ground affording space sufficient for one grave. Lair (lar), n. [Icel. leir, Dan. leer, Sw. ler, clay, mire.] A mire; a bog. [Scotch.] Lair (lar), v.i. To sink when wading among snow or mud. [Scotch.]

And thro' the drift, deep lairing, sprattle. Burns. Lair, Lear (lar), n. Learning; education. [Scotch.]

Laird (lard), n. [A form of lord.] In Scotland, a land-owner or house-proprietor. Anciently, the title of laird was given only to those proprietors who held immediately of the crown.

Our old Highland lairds, who found in the day of need that pedigree was a very pretty thing to boast of, but a very sorry thing to feed on. Prof. Blackie. Lairdship (lard'ship), n. An estate; landed property. [Scotch.]

A lairdship is a tract of land with a mansion-house upon it, where a gentleman hath his residence, and the name of that house he is distinguished by. Defoe. Laism (la'izm), n. Same as Lamaism. Penny Cyc.

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La-kao (la-kä'ō), n. The Chinese name of a green dye prepared from the plant Rhamnus catharticus.

Lake (lak), n. [Fr. lac; L. lacus, a lake, a hole, a pit, a pond.] A large sheet or body of water, wholly surrounded by land, and having no direct or immediate communication with the ocean, or with any seas, or having so only by means of rivers. It differs from a pond in being larger. Lakes are divided into four classes: (1) Those which have no outlet, and receive no running water, usually very small. (2) Those which have an outlet, but receive no superficial running water, and are consequently fed by springs. (3) Those which receive and discharge streams of water (by far the most numerous class). (4) Those which receive streams of water, and which have no visible outlet, as the Caspian Sea and Lake Aral. Lakes are sometimes divided into freshwater lakes and salt-water lakes. Lake (lak), n. [Fr. laque. See LAC.] A compound of aluminous earth with red colouring matter of certain animal and vegetable substances; thus we have cochineal and lac lakes, madder lake, &c. Sometimes the term lake is indiscriminately applied to all compounds of alumina and colouring matter.

Lake (lak), v.i. [A. Sax. lacan, læcan, from lac, sport; Icel. leika, Goth. laikan, to play.] To play; to sport. Ray. [North of England.]

Lake (lak), n. [A. Sax. lac, play, sport; Goth. laiks, Icel. leikr.] Play; sport. [Northern English.]

Lake, n. [Flem. laecken, fine linen; D. and G. laken, cloth, linen, a bed-sheet.] A kind of fine linen for shirts. Chaucer. Lake-basin (lāk'bä-sn), n. The basin in which the waters of a lake actually rest; the hollow surrounding and containing a lake; or the whole area drained by a lake. More technically it means a rocky basin whose hollow was not formed by a river but by ice.

Lake-dwellings (lak'dwel-ingz), n. pl. See

under LACUSTRINE.

Lakelet (lak'let), n. A little lake.

At the average low water shallow lakelets glitter among its irregularly exposed fields of seaweed. Ruskin.

Lakelike (lak'lik), a. Resembling a lake. Lake-poet (lak'pō-et), n. 1. A poet who describes lake scenery.-2. A member of the Lake school of poets.

Laker, Lakist (läk'er, läk'ist), n. 1. A frequenter or visitor of lakes.-2. One of the Lake school of poetry: generally used contemptuously.

And now, my Epic renegade! what are ye at? With all the Lakers in and out of place? Byron. Lake School, n. The name originally given by the Edinburgh Review in derision to a class of English poets who, at the beginning of the present century, endeavoured to substitute a simple and natural taste for the classicism of which Pope and Addison were leading examples. The name was applied from the fact that Wordsworth, Southey, and Coleridge, the leaders of the school, had fixed their residences in the lake district of Cumberland and Westmoreland. Lakewake

wake.

(lāk’wāk), n.

Lakh (lak), n. See LAC.

Same as Lich

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or ecclesiastic belonging to that variety of Buddhism which is known as Lamaism, and prevails in Tibet and Mongolia. There are several grades of lamas, of whom the dalailama and the tesho-lama are regarded as supreme pontiffs.

Lama (lä'mä), n. In zool. same as Llama. Lamaism (lä'mä-izm), n. A variety of Buddhism, chiefly prevailing in Tibet and Mongolia: so called from the lamas or priests belonging to it. The highest object of worship is Buddha, who is regarded as the founder of the religion, and the first in rank among the saints. The other saints comprise all those recognized in Buddhism, besides hosts of religious teachers and pious men canonized after their death. The clergy are the representatives or re-incarnations of these saints on earth, and receive the homage due to them. Besides these saints a number of inferior gods or spirits are recognized by Lamaism and receive a certain worship. The Lamaists have a hierarchy in some respects resembling that of the Roman Catholic Church, and they have also monasteries and nunneries, auricular confession, litanies, &c., and believe in the intercession of the saints and in the saying of masses for the dead. In the hierarchy there are two supreme heads, the dalai-lama and the tesho-lama. See DALAI-LAMA.

Lamaist, Lamaite (lä'mä-ist, lä'mä-it), n. One belonging to the religion of Lamaism. Lamantin, Lamentin (la-man'tin, la-men'tin), n. [Fr.; probably corrupted from manate, manatin, the native Antilles term still preserved in Spanish.] The popular name of the animals of the genus Manatus, an herbivorous genus belonging to the order Sirenia, comprising two species, M. americanus of South America, and M. senegalensis of Western Africa. Lamasery (la'mä-ser-i), n. A Buddhist religious society, presided over by its lama. Every such society has its lama, in the same way as our abbeys and priories had their abbots and priors. The lama is migratory.

Lamasoolt (lam'a-söl), n. A beverage. See LAMB'S-WOOL.

Lamb (lam), n. [A. Sax. O. Sax. Goth. Icel. Sw. and O.H.G. lamb; D. and Dan. lam, G. lamm, lamb.] 1. The young of the sheep kind. 2. A person as gentle or innocent as a lamb.-The Lamb, the Lamb of God, the

Saviour Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal lamb.

Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. John i. 29.

Lamb (lam), v.i. To bring forth young, as sheep.

Lamb-ale (lam'āl), n. A country feast at lamb-shearing.

Lamb-ale is still used at the village of Kirtlington in Oxfordshire, for an annual feast or celebrity at lamb-shearing. T. Warton. Lambative (lam'ba-tiv), a. [See LAMBENT.] That may be licked up; to be taken by licking. Sirups and lambative medicines." Sir T. Browne. [Rare.] Lambative (lam'ba-tiv), n. A medicine taken by licking with the tongue. A lambative of alum." Wiseman. Lambdacism (lam'da-sizm), n. [L. lambdacismus; Gr. lambdakismos, from lambda, the Greek letter L.] 1. A too frequent repetition of the letter in speaking or writing, as in Martial's line

Sol et luna luce lucebant alba, levi, lactea. 2. A faulty pronunciation of ll, as when the tongue is pressed against the palate and produces a sound similar to li in million. 3. An imperfect pronunciation of the letter r, which is made to sound like ; lallation. The defect is common among children. Lambdoidal (lam'doid-al), a. [Gr. lambdoeides-lambda (A), and eidos, resemblance.] In the form of the Greek letter lambda (A); as, the lambdoidal suture, or the union of the parietal with the occipital

bones.

Lamben,t n. pl. Lambs. Chaucer. Lambent (lam'bent), a. [L. lambens, lambentis, ppr. of lambo, to lick with the tongue: a nasalized form of lap.] 1. Licking; playing about; touching lightly; gliding over; as, a lambent flame.-2. Gleaming; twinkling; flickering.

The lambent purity of the stars. W. Irving. A great lambent planet was shining in the northern sky. W. Black. Lambkin (lam'kin), n. [Lamb and dim. ending kin.] 1. A small lamb.

In their warm folds their lambkins lie. Dryden. 2. One treated as gently as a lamb; one fondly cherished. Shak.

Lamblike (lam'lik), a. Like a lamb; gentle; humble; meek; as, a lamblike temper. Lambling (lam'ling), n. [Dim. of lamb.] A young or small lamb.

It was over the black sheep (negroes) of the Castlewood flock that Mr. Ward had the most influence. These woolly lamblings were immensely affected by his exhortations. Thackeray.

Lamboys (lam'boiz), n. pl. [Fr. lambeau, a rag, a shred; pl. lambeaux.] In anc. armour, the imitation in steel of the plaited skirts or 'bases' at one time worn, and which hung

1

1, Lamboys (time of Henry VIII.). 2, Lamboys from a German suit (early sixteenth century).

over the thighs. Lamboys seem to have been worn more particularly in Germany in the earlier half of the sixteenth century. Lambrequin (lam'bér-kin), n. [Fr.] 1. A covering for the helmet to protect it from wet and heat.-2. In her. (a) the point of a label. (b) The wreath of a helmet. Lambskin (lam'skin), n. 1. The skin of a lamb dressed with the fleece on, and often variously coloured, used for door-mats, &c.; also, the prepared skin, used largely in the manufacture of gloves.-2. Woollen cloth made to resemble the dressed skin of a lamb.

Lamb's-lettuce (lamz'let-is), n. A British plant of the genus Valerianella, the V. olitoria, called also Corn-salad, as it is frequently cultivated as a salad, and grows wild in cornfields. It belongs to the nat. order Valerianaceæ. See VALERIANELLA. Lamb's-quarters (lamz'kwar-térz), n. A plant, Atriplex patula.

Lamb's-tongue (lamz'tung), n. Plantago media, the hoary plantain. See PLANTAIN. Lambs'-wool (lamz'wyl), n. 1. Wool obtained from lambs.-2. [Probably from the

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Lamdoidal (lam'doid-al), a. A corrupt spelling of Lambdoidal (which see). Lame (lam), a. [A. Sax. D. Dan. and Sw lam, G. lahm, lame; Icel. lama, a lame person. See LAMM.] 1. Crippled or disabled in one or more of the limbs or members; injured so as to be unsound and impaired in strength; crippled; disabled; as, a lame arm or leg, or a person lame in one leg. Myself would work eye dim, and finger lame.

Tennyson. 2. Imperfect; defective; not satisfactory; as, a lame excuse. O, most lame and impotent conclusion!' Shak.-3. Defective in rhyme or rhythm; halting; hobbling; not smooth; as, a couple of lame verses.

The prose is fustian, and the numbers lame. Dryden. Lame (lām), v. t. pret. & pp. lamed; ppr. laming. To make lame; to cripple or disable; to render imperfect and unsound; as, to lame an arm or a leg. A spear Down-glancing lamed the charger. Tennyson. Lame (lām), n. [Fr., from L. lamina.] In armour, a plate of metal. Lame-duck (lam'duk), n. A slang phrase for a defaulter on the stock-exchange.

Lamella (la-mella), n. pl. Lamellæ (lamelle). [Dim. of lamina (which see).] A thin plate or scale; specifically, in zool. one of the thin plates or scales which compose certain shells, or of which the gills of certain molluscs (for example the oyster) are composed; in bot. (a) one of the gills forming the hymenium of an agaric; (b) one of the foliaceous erect scales appended to the corolla of many plants, as in Silene. Lamellar (la-mel'lér), a. [L. lamella, a plate.] Composed of thin plates or scales; disposed in thin plates or scales. Lamellarly (la-mel'lêr-li), adv. In thin plates or scales.

Lamellate, Lamellated (lam'el-lāt, lam'ellät-ed), a. Formed in thin plates or scales, or covered with them; furnished with lamellæ or little plates.

Lamellibranchiata (la-melli-brang'ki-a"ta), n. pl. [L. lamella, a thin plate, and branchia, gills.] The name given by De Blainville to the fifth order of molluscs (the Conchifera of Lamarck), of which mussels, cockles, and oysters are familiar examples. The animals are protected by a lateral bivalve shell, the two valves of which articulate over the back, and are opened by an elastic ligament and closed by one or two adductor muscles. The shell is secreted by a prolongation of the integument called the mantle or pallium, which laps round the body, its halves being either free or united so as to leave only three apertures for the inlet and outlet of water for respiration, and for the protrusion of a fleshy organ called the foot, when it is present. The muscular edge of the mantle leaves on each valve an impression called the pallial line. Respiration is effected by two pairs of lamellated gills (whence the name), occupying a large portion of the interior of the shell on each side. The mouth is a simple jawless fissure, furnished with one or two pairs of soft palpi, the food being conveyed to it by cilia on the gills. The heart has a single ventricle pierced by the intestine, and there are three double nerve-centres.

Lamellibranchiate (la-mel'li-brang/ki-ät), a. Relating to the Lamellibranchiata. Lamellibranchiate (la-mel'li-brang'ki-ät), n. A member of the order Lamellibranchiata (which see).

Lamellicorn (la-mel'li-korn), a. In zool. of or pertaining to the lamellicornes; as, a lamellicorn beetle.

Lamellicorn (la-mel'li-korn), n. A member of that section of beetles known as Lamellicornes (which see).

Lamellicornes (la-mel'li-kor'něz), n. pl. [L. lamella, a plate, and cornu, a horn.] In the system of Latreille, the sixth and last section of pentamerous coleoptera (beetles). in which the antennæ are inserted into a deep cavity under the lateral margin of the head. The antennæ are short, and the three last joints are plate-like and disposed somewhat like the teeth of a comb. This section is very numerous, including the dung

[graphic]

LAMELLIFEROUS

beetles, stag-beetles, cockchafers, &c., and is one of the most beautiful of the order. Some of the species feed upon vegetables, and others on decomposed vegetable matter. Lamelliferous (la-mel-if'èr-us), a. [L. lanella, a plate, and fero, to produce.] Producing or composed of plates or layers; having a foliated structure.

Lamelliform (la-mel'li-form), a. [L. lamella, a plate, and forma, form.] Having the form of a plate or scale.

A

Lamellirostral (la-mel'li-ros"tral), a. Pertaining to the lamellirostres. Lamellirostral (la-mel'li-ros"tral), n. member of the family Lamellirostres (which see).

Lamellirostres (la-mel' li-ros" trēz), n. [L. lamella, a plate, and rostrum, a beak.] A family of natatorial birds, characterized by having the beak flattened and covered with a soft skin. The margins of the beak are furnished with numerous lamellæ or dental plates, arranged in a regular series, as in the swan, goose, or duck. The family comprises the ducks, geese, swans, flamingoes, &c. Lamellose (la-mel'lös), a. Covered with or in the form of plates.

Lamely (lam' li), adv. [See LAME.] In a lame or imperfect manner: (a) like a cripple; in a halting manner; as, to walk lamely. (b) Imperfectly; unsatisfactorily; weakly; feebly; as, a figure lamely drawn; a scene lamely described; an argument lamely conducted.

Lameness (läm'nes), n. The condition of being lame: (a) an impaired state of the body or limbs, especially the latter; loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by disease; as, the lameness of the leg or arm. (b) Imperfection; weakness; as, the lameness of an argument or of a description.

the

If the story move or the actor help the lameness of it with his performance. Dryden. (c) Want of rhythmical correctness; as, lameness of a verse or rhyme. Lament (la-ment'), v.i. [L. lamentor, to wail.] 1. To mourn; to grieve; to weep or wail; to express sorrow.

Jeremiah lamented for Josiah. 2 Chr. xxxv. 25. 2. To regret deeply; to feel sorrow.

Where joy most revels, grief doth most lament. Shak. SYN. To mourn, grieve, sorrow, weep, wail, complain. Lament (la-ment'), v.t. To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan; to deplore.

One laughed at follies, one lamented crimes.
Dryden.

Lament (la-ment'), n. [L. lamentum.]
1. Grief or sorrow expressed in complaints
or cries; lamentation; a weeping.
Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milton.
2. An elegy or mournful ballad or air.
Lamentable (lam'ent-a-bl), a. [Fr., from
L. lamentabilis.] 1. To be lamented; ex-
citing or calling for sorrow; grievous; as, a
lamentable declension of morals.

Tell thou the lamentable fall of me.

Shak.

2. Expressive of grief; mournful; as, a lamentable tune; a lamentable cry.-3. Miserable; pitiful; low; poor.

This bishop, to make out the disparity between heathens and them, flies to this lamentable refuge. Stillingfleet. Lamentableness (lam'ent-a-bl-nes), n. The state of being lamentable. Lamentably (lam'ent-a-bli), adv. In a lamentable manner: (a) mournfully; with expressions or tokens of sorrow. (b) So as to cause sorrow. 'Our fortune most lamentably.' Shak. (c) Pitifully; despicably.

sinks

Lamentation (lam-en-ta'shon), n. [L. lamentatio.] 1. Expression of sorrow; cries of grief; the act of bewailing.

In Rama was there a voice heard, lamentation, and weeping. Mat. ii. 18.

2. pl. A book of Scripture, containing the Lamentations of Jeremiah. -SYN. Mourning, complaint, moan, wailing, outcry. Lamenter (la-ment'er), n. One who laments, mourns, or cries out with sorrow. Lamentin. See LAMANTIN. Lamentingly (la-ment'ing-li), adv. In a lamenting manner; with lamentation. Lameter. See LAMITER.

Lametta (la-met'ta), n. [It. lametta, dim. of lama, plate, from L. lamina, a plate.] Brass, silver, or gold foil or wire. Lamia (lä'mi-a), n. [L.] 1. A hag; a witch; a demon.

Where's the lamia

That tears my entrails? Massenger,

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2. A genus of longicorn beetles belonging to the family Cerambycidae, and living in decaying willows, &c. The male of L. cedilis has the antennæ four times as long as the body. Lamiaceæ (la-mi-a'se-ē). See LABIATE. Lamina (lam'i-na), n. pl. Laminæ (lam'ině). [L.] 1. A thin plate or scale; a layer or coat lying over another: applied to the plates of minerals, bones, &c.-2. In anat. a bone, or part of a bone, resembling a thin plate, such as the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.-3. In bot. (a) the border, or the upper, broad, or spreading part of the petal in a polypetalous corolla. (b) The part of a leaf which is an expansion of the parenchyma of the petiole. It is traversed by veins.

Laminability (lam'i-na-bil"i-ti), n.. The quality of being laminable. Laminable (lam'i-na-bl), a. Capable of being formed into thin plates; capable of being extended by passing between steel or hardened cast-iron rollers, as a metal. Laminar (lam'i-nèr), a. In plates; consisting of thin plates or layers. Laminaria (lam-i-na'ri-a), n. [L. lamina, a thin plate.] A genus of dark-spored seaweeds, plants belonging to the nat. order Laminariaceae, having no definite leaves, but a plain ribless expansion, which is either simple or cloven. L. digitata is the wellknown tangle so abundant on our coasts; L. buccinalis is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and yields iodine; L. potatorum grows in Australia, and furnishes the aborigines with a proportion of their instruments, vessels, and food; L. digitata and L. bulbosa were formerly employed in the manufacture of kelp for the glass-maker and soap-boiler; L. saccharina is so called from the saccharine matter called mannite which it furnishes. This plant is abundant on the shores of Great Britain. Laminariaceae (lam-i-na'ri-ā”sē-ē), n. pl. One of the orders into which the Algae are divided. The fronds are of a dark olive green, have no articulations, bear patches of dark-coloured spores on their surface, and frequently attain a large size. The name is taken from the genus Laminaria (which see).

Laminarian (lam-i-nā'ri-an), a. Pertaining to the genus Laminaria; specifically, noting that belt or zone of marine life which extends from low-water mark to a depth of from 40 to 90 feet, and which in British seas is characterized by the presence of Laminariacea, as well as by that of star-fishes, the common echinus, &c. Laminarite (lam'in-ar-it), n. A broadleaved fossil algal, found in the upper secondary, and tertiary formations. Laminary (lam'in-a-ri), a. Composed of layers or plates.

Laminate, Laminated (lam'in-at, lam'inat-ed), a. Plated; consisting of plates, scales, or layers, one over another.

Laminate (lam'in-āt), v.i. pret. and pp. laminated; ppr. laminating. [L. lamina, a thin plate.] To separate or split up into thin plates or layers.

Lamination (lam-in-a'shon), n. [L. lamina, a thin plate.] State of being laminated; arrangement in layers or thin plates. Lamination prevails amongst all the varieties of gneiss, mica schist, chlorite schist, hornblende schist, &c.

Laminiferous (lam-in-if'èr-us), a. [L. lamina, a thin plate, and fero, to bear. 1 Having a structure consisting of lamina or layers.

Lamish (lam'ish), a. Somewhat lame. A. Wood.

LAMPASSÉ

Lammas, Lammas-day (lam'mas, lam'masdā), n. [A. Sax. hlaf-maesse, hlam-maesse, that is, loaf-mass, bread-mass, or bread-feast, so called from the fact that on this day offerings were formerly made of the firstfruits of harvest.] The first day of August. Lammas (lam'mas), a. Belonging to the first of August.

Lammas-tide (lam'mas-tid), n. Lammasday. Shak

Lammer, Lamer (lam'èr), n. Amber. [Scotch.]

Lammer, Lamour (lam'êr), a. Pertaining to or consisting of amber. [Scotch.]

Dinna ye think puir Jeanie's een wi' the tears in them glanced like lamour beads. Sir W. Scott. Lammergeier, Læmmergeyer (lam'mérgi-ér, lem'mer-gi-ér), n. [G. lämmergeierlämmer, pl. of lamm, a lamb, and geier, a vulture.] The bearded vulture, a bird of prey of the genus Gypaetos (G. barbatus),

Lammergeier or Bearded Vulture (G, barbatus). family Vulturida, forming a link between the vultures and the eagles. It inhabits the Swiss and German Alps, as well as the higher mountains of Asia and Africa, and is the largest European bird of prey, measuring upwards of 4 feet from beak to tail, and 9 or 10 in the expanse of its wings. Besides eating carrion, it preys on living chamois, lambs, kids, hares, and such like animals, but it does not disdain when pressed rats, mice, and other small quadrupeds. Written also Lammergeir, Lemmergeyer. Lamnidæ (lam'ni-de), n. pl. The porbeagles, a family of sharks. A nearly symmetrical tail, pectoral fins placed behind the gillopenings, two spineless dorsal fins and an anal fin, are the most prominent characteristics. The porbeagle shark and the basking shark or sun-fish belong to this family. The fossil teeth of sharks of the genus Lamna are plentiful in the chalk and tertiary formations. They are thin, smooth-edged but sharp, and have a process like a small tooth on each side near the base. Lamp (lamp), n. [Fr. lampe, L. Gr. lampas, from Gr. lampo, to shine.] 1. A vessel for containing oil or other liquid inflammable substance, to be burned by means of a wick; any contrivance for producing artificial light, whether by means of an inflammable liquid or of gas. Hence-2. Anything suggesting the light of a lamp, whether in appearance or use; anything possessing or communicating light, real or metaphorical.

Thy gentle eyes send forth a quickening spirit, Rowe. And feed the dying lamp of life within me. Lamp (lamp), v.i. [A form of limp.] To walk quickly and with long strides. [Scotch.] It was all her father's own fault, that let her run lamping about the country, riding on bare-backed nags. Sir W. Scott.

Lamiter, Lameter (lämʼit-ér), n. A cripple. Lampad (lam'pad), n. [Gr. lampas, lampa

[Scotch.j

Though ye may think him a lamiter, yet, grippie for grippie, friend, I'll wad a wether he'll gar the blude spin frae under your nails. Sir W. Scott. Lamium (la'mi-um), n. [Gr. laimos, the throat: on account of the form of the flowers. ] A genus of annual and perennial herbs, belonging to the nat. order Labiata. It includes about forty species, natives of Europe, North Africa, and extra-tropical Asia, of low habit, having cordate or dentate leaves, and many-flowered whorls of white, purp lish-red, or rarely yellow blossoms. Five species are found in Britain, and are commonly known as dead-nettle. Lamm (lam), v.t. [Icel. lemja, to beat, lamning, a beating; perhaps allied to Icel. lama, to bruise, and E. lame. ] To beat. [Old and provincial English.] Lammed you shall be ere we leave ye; You shall be beaten sober. Beau. & Fl.

dos, a torch.] A lamp or candlestick. 'Him who 'mid the golden lampads went.' Trench. [Poetical and rare.]

Lampadist (lam'pad-ist), n. One who gained the prize in the lampadrome. Lampadrome (lam'pa-drōm), n. [Gr. lampadromia-lampas, a torch, and dromos, a course, a race.] In Greek antiq. a race run by young men with lamps or lighted torches in their hands, the victor being the one who arrived at the goal first with his lamp or torch unextinguished.

Lampas, Lampass (lam'pas), n. [Fr. lampas.] In farriery, a swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of the mouth immediately behind the fore-teeth in the horse, which soon subsides if left to itself. Called also Lampers.

Lampassé (län-pas-sā), a. [Fr.] In her. langued (which see).

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