PROMOVENT

Promovent (prō-möv'ent), n. The plaintiff in the instance court of the admiralty. Promovert (prō-möv’ér), n. A promoter. Prompt (promt), a. [Fr. prompt, from L. promptus, brought out, hence at hand, ready, quick, from promo, promptum, to bring forth-pro, forth, and emo, to take.] 1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands. Very discerning and prompt in giving orders.' Clarendon. --2. Acting with cheerful alacrity; ready and willing; as, prompt in obedience or compliance. Tell him

I'm prompt to lay my crown at 's feet. Shak. 3. Given or performed without delay; quick; ready; not delayed; as, he manifested a prompt obedience; he yielded prompt assistance. A natural and prompt alacrity.' Shak. Prompt eloquence

Flowed from their lips in prose or numerous verse. Milton. 4. Hasty; forward.

Dryden.

I was too hasty to condemn unheard; And you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies. 5. Inclined or disposed. Virtues all to which the Grecians are most prompt.' Shak. 6. Unobstructed; open. Wotton. Prompt (promt), v. t. 1. To move or excite to action or exertion; to incite; to instigate; as, ambition prompted Alexander to wish for more worlds to conquer.

Kind occasion prompts their warm desires. Pope. 2. To assist a speaker when at a loss by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in order; as, to prompt an actor; to assist a learner by suggesting something forgotten or not understood.

He needed not one to prompt him, because he could say the prayers by heart. Stillingfleet.

3. To dictate; to suggest to the mind. And whisp'ring angels prompt her golden dreams.' Pope.-4. To remind; to give notice of.

The inconcealable imperfections of ourselves will hourly prompt us our corruption. Sir T. Browne. Prompt (promt), n. In com, a limit of time given for payment of an account for produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods.

Speculators... are required to pay £2 per chest, to cover any probable difference of price which might arise before the expiration of the prompt, which, for this article (tea), is three months. F. S. Mill. Prompt-book (promt'buk), n. The book used by a prompter of a theatre. Prompter (promt'èr),n. 1. One that prompts; one that admonishes or incites to action.

We understand our duty without a teacher, and acquit ourselves as we ought to do without a prompter. Sir R. L'Estrange. Specifically-2. One placed behind the scenes in a theatre, whose business is to assist the actors when at a loss by uttering the first words of a sentence or words forgotten; or any person who aids a public speaker when at a loss by suggesting the next words of his piece.

Promptitude (promt'i-tūd), n. [Fr., from L. promptus, ready. See PROMPT.] 1. Readiness; quickness of decision and action when occasion demands.

He (Wilkes) was of course much indebted for much of the effect which he produced in society to the promptitude and skill with which he seized the proper moment for saying his good things. Craik.

2. Readiness of will; cheerful alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience or compliance. Promptly (promt'li), adv. In a prompt manner; readily; quickly; expeditiously; cheerfully.

Promptness (promt'nes), n. The state or quality of being prompt: (a) readiness; quickness of decision or action; as, the young man answered questions with great promptness. (b) Cheerful willingness; alacrity.

They seemed desirous to prove their title to them by their thorough discipline and by their promptness to execute the most dangerous and difficult services.

Prescott.

Prompt-note (promt'not), n. In com. a note of reminder of the day of payment and sum due, &c., given to a purchaser at a sale of produce. See PROMPT, n. Promptuary (promt'u-a-ri), n. [Fr. promptuaire, L. promptuarium.] That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository. History, that great treasury of time and promptuary of heroic actions.' Howell. Prompture (promt'ūr), n. Suggestion; incitement. 'Love's prompture deep.' Coleridge. [Rare.]

Promulgate (prō-mul'gāt), v. t. pret. & pp. promulgated; ppr. promulgating. [L. pro

545

mulgo, promulgatus, supposed to be corrupted from provulgo, from vulgus, the people, the public. See VULGAR.] To make known by open declaration, as laws, decrees, tidings, &c.; to publish; to announce; to proclaim.

Dr. H. More.

Those to whom he entrusted the promulgating of the gospel had far different instructions. The Promulgation (prō-mul-ga'shon), n. act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation of the law or of the gospel.

The stream and current of this rule hath gone as far, it hath continued as long, as the very promulga tion of the gospel. Hooker.

Promulgator (prō'mul-gät-er or prō-mul'gat-ér), n. One who promulgates or publishes; one who makes known or teaches publicly. 'An old legacy to the promulgators of the law of liberty.' Warburton. Promulge (pro-mulj'), v.t. pret. & pp. promulged; ppr. promulging. To promulgate; to publish or teach. 'But then that privilege was promulged and known.' Hallam. 'Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were promulged.' Prescott. Promulger (prō-mulj'ér), n. Same as Promulgator. The promulgers of our religion, Jesus Christ and his apostles.' Atterbury. Pronaos (pro-na'os), n. [Gr. pro, before, and naos, a temple.] In arch. the space in front of the naos or cella of a temple; a vestibule or portico. See NAOS.

Pronation (pro-na'shon), n. [From L. pronus, having the face downward.] 1. That motion of the arm whereby the palm of the hand is turned downward; the act of turning the palm downward: opposed to supination.-2. That position of the hand when the thumb is turned toward the body and the palm downward.

Pronator (pro-nāt'èr), n. A muscle of the forearm which serves to turn the palm of the hand downward; opposed to supinator. Prone (pron), a. [L. pronus, hanging or leaning forwards, prone, from pro, before, forward; cog. Gr.prēnēs, Skr. pravana,prone.] 1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect. Toward him they bend

With awful reverence prone. Milton. 2. Lying with the face downward: contrary to supine.-3. Rushing or falling headlong or downward. 'Down thither prone in flight.' Milton.-4. Sloping downward; inclined. 'A prone and sinking land.' Blackmore. Just where the prone edge of the wood began To feather toward the hollow. Tennyson.

5. Inclined by disposition or natural tendency; propense; disposed: usually in an ill sense; as, men prone to evil, prone to strife, prone to intemperance, prone to deny the truth, prone to change. As prone to mischief as able to perform't.' Shak.-6. Ready and eager. Shak.

Pronely (prōn'li), adv. In a prone manner or position; so as to bend downwards. Proneness (prōn'nes), n. The state of being prone: (a) the state of bending downward; as, the proneness of beasts that look downward: opposed to the erectness of man. (b) The state of lying with the face downward: contrary to supineness. (c) Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill. (d) Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propensity; disposition; as, proneness to selfgratification or to self-justification. "The proneness of good men to commiserate want.' Atterbury.

Prong (prong), n. [A nasalized form of prog, to prod, to prick; comp. W. procio, to thrust, to poke.] 1. A sharp pointed instrument. 'Prick it on a prong of iron.' G. Sandys.-2. The spike of a fork or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or three prongs.3. A pointed projection; as, the prongs of a deer's antlers.

Prong (prong), v. t. To stab, as with a fork.

Dear brethren, let us tremble before those august portals. I fancy them guarded by grooms of the chamber with flaming silver forks with which they prong all those who have not the right of the entrée. Thackeray.

Prong-buck (prongʻbuk), n. A species of antelope, the Antilocarpa americana, or A. furcifer, which inhabits the western parts of North America, where it is called the goat, and by the Canadian hunters, cabrit. It frequents the plains in summer and the mountains in winter. It is one of the few hollow-horned ruminants, and the only living one in which the horny sheath is branched, branching being otherwise peculiar to deer which have bony antlers. See CAVICORNIA.

PRONUNCIAMENTO

Prong-hoe (prong'hō), n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth.

Prong-horn (prong' horn), n. Same as Prong-buck.

Pronity (prōn'i-ti), n. Same as Proneness. Sir T. More.

Pronominal (prō-nom'in-al), a. [L. pronomen. See PRONOUN.] Belonging to or of the nature of a pronoun. Pronominally (pro-nom'in-al-li), adv. With the effect of a pronoun. Prononcé (pro-non-să), a. [Fr.] Lit. pronounced; hence, strongly marked or defined; decided, as in manners or character. Pronoun (prō'noun), n. [From pro, for, and noun; L. pronomen-pro, for, and nomen, a name, a noun.] In gram. a word used instead of a noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it, but which differs from a noun in that it neither designates its object in virtue of the qualities which it possesses, nor always designates the same object, but designates different objects according to the circumstances in which it is used. The personal pronouns in English are 1, thou or you, he, she, it, we, ye, and they. The last is used for the name of things, as well as for that of persons.-Relative pronouns are such as relate to some noun going before called the antecedent; as, the man who, the thing which. -Interrogative pronouns, those which serve to ask a question, as who? which? what?-Possessive pronouns are such as denote possession, as my, thy, his, her, our, your, and their.-Demonstrative pronouns, those which point out things precisely, as this, that.-Distributive pronouns are each, every, either, neither.Indefinite pronouns, those that point out things indefinitely, as some, other, any, one, all, such. Possessive, demonstrative, distributive, and indefinite pronouns, having the properties both of pronouns and adjectives, are commonly called adjective pronouns or pronominal adjectives.

Pronounce (pro-nouns'), v.t. pret. & pp. pronounced; ppr. pronouncing. [Fr. prononcer; L. pronuntio, pronuntiatus-pro, before, and nuntio, to announce, declare, make known; comp. announce.] 1. To form or articulate by the organs of speech; to utter articulately; to speak; to utter. What may this mean? language of man pronounced By tongue of brute.

Milton.

2. To utter formally, officially, or solemnly; as, the court pronounced the sentence of death on the criminal.

On all those who tried and fail'd, the king
Pronounced a dismal sentence.

Tennyson.

4. To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he pronounced the signature to be a forgery. Pronounce (pro- nouns'), v.i. pret. pronounced; ppr. pronouncing. To speak with confidence or authority; to make declaration; to utter an opinion. 'How confidently soever men pronounce of themselves.' Dr. H. More. Nor can pronounce upon it.' Tennyson.

Declaration.

Pronounce † (prō-nouns'), n. Milton. "The final pronounce or canon." Pronounceable (prō-nouns'a-bl), a. Capable of being pronounced or uttered. Pronounced (pro-nounst'), a. [Fr. prononcé, pronounced.] Strongly marked or defined; decided.

Our friend's views became every day more pronounced. Thackeray. Pronouncement (pro-nouns'ment), n. The act of pronouncing; a proclamation; a formal announcement.

Pronouncer (prō-nouns'ér), n. One who utters or declares. Ayliffe. Pronouncing (pro-nouns'ing), a. Pertaining to, indicating, or teaching pronunciation; as, a pronouncing dictionary. Pronubial (prō-nü'bi-al), a. [L. pronuba, she who presides over marriage-pro, for, and nubo, to marry.] Presiding over marriage. Congreve. [Rare.] Pronucleus (prō-nū’klē-us), n.

In physiol.

a small mass holding the position of a nucleus.

w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY.

PRONUNCIAMIENTO

Pronunciamiento(pro-nun'the-a-mi-en"tō), n. [Sp.] A manifesto or proclamation; a formal announcement or declaration; a pronouncement. Frequently written Pronunciamento.

Pronunciation (prō-nun'si-ā"shon), n. [Fr. prononciation, from L. pronunciatio. See PRONOUNCE.] 1. The act of pronouncing or uttering with articulation; the mode of uttering words or letters; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables or words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.-2. The art or manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness: now called delivery.

Pronunciative (prō-nun'si-at-iv), a.

1. Of

or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciatory.-2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. 'The confident and pronunciative school of Aristotle.' Bacon.

Pronunciator (prō-nun'si-at-ér), n. One who pronounces.

Pronunciatory (prō-nun'si-a-to-ri), a. lating to pronunciation.

Re

Proemion (prō-ē'mi-on), n. [Gr. prooimion. See POEM.] An opening or introduction; the introduction to a poem or song; a preface; a proein.

Forgetful how my rich proœmion makes
Thy glory fly along the Italian fields,
In lays that will outlast thy Deity.

Proof (pröf), n. [Fr. preuve.

Tennyson.

See PROVE.]

1. Any effort, process, or operation that ascertains truth or fact; a test; a trial; as, to make proof of a person's trustworthiness or of the truth of a statement. Only this proof I'll of thy valour make.' Shak.

2. What serves as evidence; what proves or establishes; a convincing token or argument;

means of conviction; that amount of evidence which convinces the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and produces belief. Trifles light as air

Are to the jealous confirmations strong
As proofs of holy writ.

Shak.

3. The thing proved or experienced; truth or knowledge gathered by experience; experience.

'Tis a common proof,

That lowliness is young ambition's ladder. Shak. 4. The state of having been tried and having stood the test; firmness or hardness that resists impression, or yields not to force; impenetrability of physical bodies: specifically applied to arms of defence; impenetrable armour. 'In strong proof of chastity well-arm'd. ' Shak. 'Arms of proof. Dryden.-5. A test applied to certain manufactured or other articles; the act of testing the strength of alcoholic spirits, so called from a mode formerly practised, called the gunpowder-proof. Spirit was poured over gunpowder and the vapour set fire to. If it fired the gunpowder it was over proof. If it damped the powder, so that the spirit burned without igniting the powder, it was under proof. Hence, also the degree of strength in spirit.-The proof spirit of commerce has been defined by act of parliament to be 'such as shall at the temperature of fifty-one degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer weigh twelve-thirteenths of an equal measure of distilled water.' See under ALCOHOL.-Proof of gunpowder, a test of strength, one ounce of powder being used with a 24-pound ball, which must be driven a distance of not less than 250 yards. -Proof of ordnance and small arms, tests by means of hydraulic pressure and firing heavy charges.-6. In printing, a rough impression of a sheet, taken for correction. A first proof is the impression taken with all the errors of workmanship. After this is corrected, another impression is printed

with more care, to send to the author: this is termed a clean proof. When this is corrected by the author, and the types altered accordingly, another proof is taken and carefully read over: this is called the press proof.-7. In engr. an impression taken from an engraving to prove the state of it during the progress of executing it; also, an early impression, or one of a limited number, taken before the letters to be inserted are engraven on the plate. It is called a proofimpression or proof-print, and is considered the best, because taken before the plate is

worn.

Proof (pröf), a. Impenetrable; able to resist, physically or morally; as, water-proof, fire-proof, proof against shot.

Now put your shields before your hearts and fight With hearts more proof than shields. Shak. It is often followed by to or against before

Proofless (pröf'les), a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved. Boyle. Without

Prooflessly (pröf'les-li), adv.

proof. Prooflessly asserted.' Boyle. Proof-plane (prof'plan), n. In elect. a small, thin metallic disc, insulated on a non-conducting handle, by which electricity may be carried from one place to another. It is used in experiments on the distribution of electricity on conductors. When it is laid against the surface whose electric density it is intended to measure, it forms, as it were, a part of the surface, and takes the charge due to the area which it covers, which charge may be carried to an electrometer and tested. Proof-print (pröf'print), n. See PROOF, n. 7. Proof-sheet (pröf'shët), n. In printing, a rough impression of a sheet. See PROOF, n. 6. Proof-spirit (pröf'spi-rit), n. Spirit of a certain alcoholic strength. See PROOF, n. 5. Proof-text (pröf'tekst), n. A passage of Scripture relied upon for proving a doctrine, &c.

Pro-ostracum (prō-os'tra-kum), n. In zool. Prop (prop), . [Probably a Celtic word: the horny pen of the belemnite. Huxley. Ir. propa, Gael. prop, a prop or support; but the word also occurs in the other Teu

tonic languages besides English: D. proppen,
to prop or support; Dan. Sw.
prop, propp, G.
propf,a cork, a stopper.] That which sustains
an incumbent weight; that on which any-
thing rests for support; a fulcrum; a sup-
port; a stay; as, a prop for vines; a prop
for an old building.

You take my house when you do take the prop
That doth sustain my house.
Shak.

Prop (prop), v.t. pret. & pp. propped; ppr. propping. 1. To support or prevent from falling by placing something under or against; as, to prop a fence or an old building. 2. To support by standing under or against; as, a pillar to prop up a roof. Till the bright mountains prop th' incumbent sky.' Pope.-3. To support; to sustain, in a general sense; as, to prop a declining institution.

Propedeutic, Propedeutical (pro-pe-dutik, pro-pe-du'tik-al), a. Pertaining to propædeutics or the introduction to any art or science; pertaining to or giving preliminary instruction; instructing beforehand. Propædeutics (pro-pe-dū'tiks), n. [Gr. propaideus, to instruct beforehand, from pro, before, and paideuō, to instruct, to educate, from pais, paidos, a child.] The preliminary learning connected with any art or science; the body of knowledge and of rules necessary for the study of some particular art, science, &c.

Propagable (prop'a-ga-bl), a. [See PROPAGATE.] 1. Capable of being propagated or of being continued or multiplied by natural generation or production.

Such creatures as are produced each by its peculiar seed constitute a distinct propagable sort of creatures. Boyle.

2. Capable of being spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines, or principles. Propaganda (prop-a-gan'da), n. [L. See PROPAGATE.] 1. A name generally given to those institutions by means of which Christianity is propagated in heathen countries, more particularly to an association, the congregation de propaganda fide (for propagating the faith), established at Rome by Gregory XV. in 1622 for diffusing a knowledge of Roman Catholicism throughout the world, now charged with the management of the Roman Catholic missions. Hence-2. Any kind of institution or system for proselytizing or for propagating a peculiar set of doctrines.

(In France) on the one hand there is the clericomonarchical tradition, which seeks order by the suppression of individual reason and national liberties; on the other hand there is an anarchist propaganda, which promises prosperity and unbounded

pleasure through the suppression of churches and governments. Contemp. Rev.

The rules of the association (the National Secular

Society) inform us that it is the duty of an 'active member' to promote the circulation of secular litera

PROPED

ture and generally to aid the Free-thought propaganda of his neighbourhood. Sat. Rev. Propagandism (prop-a-gand'izm), a. [From propaganda.] The system or practice of propagating tenets or principles.

The governor-general rejoins that religious propagandism would most certainly rouse the resentment of the natives, and produce an explosion of religious passions which would end in a religious war. Times newspaper. Propagandist (prop-a-gand'ist), n. [From propaganda.] One who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles.

Bonaparte selected a body to compose his Sanhedrim of political propagandists. R. Walsh. Propagate (prop'a-gāt), v. t. pret. & pp. propagated; ppr. propagating. [L. propago, propagatus, to peg down, to set, to propagate, to enlarge-pro, before, forward, and pag, root of pango, to fasten, fix, set, plant (whence paction, compact, impinge, &c.).] 1. To continue or multiply by generation or successive reproduction; to cause to reproduce itself: applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed of horses or sheep; to propagate any species of fruit-tree.

It is an elder brother's duty so

To propagate his family and name. Otway. 2. To spread from person to person or from place to place; to carry forward or onward; to diffuse; to extend; as, to propagate a report; to propagate the Christian religion.3. To augment; to increase.

Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast,
Which thou wilt propagate.

Shak.

4. To generate; to beget; to produce; to originate.

Superstitious notions propagated in infancy are hardly ever totally eradicated. Richardson.

SYN. To multiply, continue, increase, spread, diffuse, disseminate, promote.

Propagate (prop'a-gat), v.i. To have young or issue; to be reproduced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants. To draw nutrition, propagate and rot.' Pope.

No need that thou
Should'st propagate, already infinite,
And through all numbers absolute, though one.
Milton.

Propagation (prop-a-ga'shon), n. [L. propagatio, propagationis, a propagating of vines and trees.] 1. The act of propagating; the continuance or multiplication of the kind or species by generation or reproduction; as, the propagation of animals or plants. In the greater number of plants propagation is effected naturally by means of seeds; but many plants are also propagated by the production of runners or lateral shoots, which spread along the surface of the soil, and root at the joints or buds, from which they send up new plants. Plants are also propagated by suckers or sideshoots from the roots, and by various other natural means. Propagation may be effected artificially by cuttings, grafting, budding, inarching, &c.

There is not in nature any spontaneous generaRay. tion, but all come by propagation.

2. The spreading or extension of anything; diffusion; as, the propagation of reports; the propagation of the gospel among the pagans.-3. Increase; extension; augmentation; enlargement. The propagation of their empire." South. Propagative (prop'a-gat-iv), a.

Having

the power of propagation; propagating.

Every man owes more of his being to Almighty God than to his natural parents, whose very prepa gative faculty was at first given to the human nature by the only virtue, efficacy, and energy of the divine commission and institution. Sir M. Hale. One who Propagator (prop'a-gāt-ér), n. propagates; one who continues by generation or successive production; one who causes to spread; a promoter. 'Socrates the greatest propagator of morality.' Addison. The term is given in nurseries to one whose business it is to propagate plants by budding, grafting, &c.

Propago (pro-pā'go), n. [L.,a layer or shoot.] A term applied by the older botanists to the branch laid down in the process of layering.

Propagulum (pro-pagʻu-lum), n. In bot, an offshoot or germinating bud attached by a thickish stalk to the parent plant. Balfour. Propale (pro-pal'), v.t. To publish; to disclose. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Proparent (pro'pa-rent), n. One who stands in the place of a parent. Proped (pro'ped), n. [L. pro, for, and pes, pedis, a foot.] The name given to the soft, fleshy, inarticulate, pediform appendages of

PROPEL

certain larvæ, placed behind the true feet, and disappearing in the mature insects. Propel (pro-pel), v. t. pret. & pp. propelled; ppr. propelling. [L. propello-pro, forward, and pello, to drive, as in compel, dispel, impel, compulsion, &c.] To drive forward; to move or cause to move on; to urge or press onward by force; as, the wind or steam propels ships; balls are propelled by the force of gunpowder.

That overplus of motion would be too feeble and languid to propel so vast and ponderous a body with that prodigious velocity. Bentley. Propellent (pro-pel'ent), a. Driving forward; propelling.

Propeller (pro-pel'èr), n. One who or that which propels; specifically, a contrivance for propelling a steam-vessel, consisting of a spiral blade on an axis parallel with the keel, and revolving beneath the surface of the water, usually at the stern of the ship. See SCREW.

Propempticon (pro-pem'ti-kon), n. [Gr., from propempo, to send forth.] In literature, a poetical address to one about to depart on a journey.

[See

Propend (pro-pend'), v.i. [L. propendeo, propensum-pro, forward, and pendeo, to hang; hence, propense.] To lean toward; to incline; to be propense or disposed in favour of anything. Shak. Propendency (pro-pend'en-si), n. above.] 1. A leaning toward; inclination; tendency of desire to anything.-2. Attentive deliberation. Sir M. Hale. [Rare.] Propendent (pro-pend'ent), a. [See PROPEND.] 1. Inclining forward or toward. South. 2. In bot. hanging forward and downward. Paxton.

Propense (pro-pens'),a. [L. propensus, hanging forwards, projecting. See PROPEND.] Leaning toward, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed, either to good or evil; prone. Women propense and inclinable to holiness.' Hooker.

Propensely (prō-pens'li), adv. In a propense manner; with natural tendency. Propenseness (pro-pens'nes), n. State of being propense; natural tendency. A propenseness to diseases in the body.' Donne. Propension (pro-pen'shon), n. [Fr. propension; L. propensio, propensionis, inclination, propensity. See PROPEND.] 1. The state of being propense; propensity. [Obsolete or obsolescent.]

It requires critical nicety to find out the genius or propensions of a child. Sir R. L'Estrange.

2. The state or condition of tending to move in a certain direction.

In natural motions this impetuosity continually increases, by the continued action of the cause,namely, the propension of going to the place assigned it by nature. Whewell.

Propensity (prō-pen'si-ti), n. Bent of mind, natural or acquired; inclination; natural tendency; disposition to anything good or evil, particularly to evil; as, a propensity to sin. Propensity and bent of will to religion.' South.

His command, indeed, was confined to those citizens who were engaged in the service by the military oath; but such was the propensity of the Romans to servitude, that the oath was voluntarily taken by the magistrates, the senators, and the equestrian order, till the homage of flattery was insensibly converted into an annual and solemn protestation of

fidelity.

Gibbon.

SYN. Disposition, bias, inclination, proclivity, proneness.

Proper (pro'pèr), a. [Fr. propre; L. proprius, one's own, peculiar, proper; allied to prope, near.] 1. Peculiar; not belonging to more; naturally or essentially belonging to a particular individual or state; as, every animal has his proper instincts and inclinations, appetites and habits; every muscle and vessel of the body has its proper office. Conceptions only proper to myself.' Shak. 2. Natural; original; particularly suited to; befitting one's nature, &c.; as, every animal lives in his proper element. In our proper motion we ascend Up to our native seat.

Milton. 3. Belonging to, as one's own. It may be joined with any possessive pronoun. 'Our proper son.' 'Our proper conceptions.' Glanville.

Shak.

Now learn the difference at your proper cost. Dryden. 4. In gram. applied to a noun when it is the name of a particular person or thing: opposed to common; as Shakspere, Mozart, Julius Cæsar, London, Edinburgh, Dublin. A proper name may become common when given to several beings of the same kind; as, Cæsar. Watts.

Pyramus is a sweet-faced man; a proper man as one shall see in a suminer's day. Shak.

10. In her. represented of its natural colour: said of charges; as, on a field or, a raven proper.-11. Applied ironically.

Talk with a man out at a window! a proper saying. Shak 12. In bot. single, or connected with something single; as, a proper receptacle, that which supports only a single flower or fructification. Proper feud, in law, an original and genuine feud held by pure military service.-Proper jurisdiction, in Scots law, that which belongs to the judge or magistrate himself in virtue of his office.-In proper,† individually; privately.

The princes found they could not have that in proper which God made to be common.

Fer. Taylor. -Proper motion, in astron. the real motion of the sun, planets, &c., as opposed to their apparent motions.

Proper (pro'pér), adv. Properly; very; exceedingly; as, proper angry; proper good. [Vulgar.]

Properatet (prop'èr-āt), v. t. and i. [L. properare, properatum, to hasten.] To hasten. And, as last helps hurle them down on their pates, Awhile to keep off death which properates. Vicars. Properation † (prop-ér-a'shon), n. Act of properating or hastening; haste. Properispome (pro-per'i-spōm), n. [Gr. properispomenon, from properispao, to circumflex the penult-pro, before, and perispao to draw round, to mark a vowel or word with the circumflex-peri, around, and spaō, to draw.] In Greek pros. a word having the circumflex accent on the penult. Properly (pro'per-li), adv. 1. In a proper manner; fitly; suitably; as, a word properly applied; a dress properly adjusted.-2. In a strict sense.

The miseries of life are not properly owing to the unequal distribution of things. Swift.

Properness (pro'per-nes), n. 1. The quality of being proper; propriety. The properness of his speech.' Lord.-2. Perfect form; handsomeness; good appearance. [Rare.] Propertied (pro'per-tid), a. Possessed of property. "The propertied class.' Matt. Arnold.

Property (pro'pèr-ti), n. [Fr. propriété; L. proprietas, from proprius, one's own, peculiar, proper.] 1. A peculiar quality of anything; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; any quality or characteristic; an attribute; as, the properties of a mineral or of a plant.

Property is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is frequently used as co-extensive with quality in general. Sir W. Hamilton.

-Property of matter, in physics, a quality by which matter is distinguished from other substances. Properties have been arbitrarily divided into primary and secondary, the former being those without which we cannot conceive the existence of matter; the latter those which belong to it, though not, as it is conceived, necessarily.-2. Character; disposition.

It is the property of an old sinner to find delight in South. reviewing his own villanies in others.

3. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a thing; ownership. It is either a right unlimited in point of duration, and unrestricted in point of disposition; or a right limited in duration, as a life interest.

Some have been deceived into an opinion, that the inheritance of ruling over men, and property in things, sprung from the same original, and were to descend by the same rules. Locke.

PROPHETESS

4. The subject of such a right; the thing owned; that to which a person has the legal title, whether in his possession or not, as an estate, whether in lands, buildings, goods, money, &c. In English law property is divided into real and personal, and in Scots law into heritable and movable. See these terms.

No wonder such men are true to a government, where liberty runs so high, where property is so well secured. Swift. 5. Participation.

Here I disclaim all my paternal care,
Propinquity and property of blood.

Shak. 6. A thing wanted for a particular purpose; an implement; a tool; specifically, in theatres, a stage requisite; any article necessary to be produced in the scene.

Shak.

Our poets excel in grandity and gravity, smoothness and property, in quickness and briefness. Camden. Property (pro'pèr-ti), v.t. 1. To invest with qualities. His voice was propertied As all the tuned spheres. 2. To take as one's own; to appropriate. I am too high born to be propertied.' Shak. Property - man (pro'per-ti-man), n. The man in charge of the properties, that is, the stage requisites, the articles used by actors or required on the stage of a theatre. Property-room (pro'pèr-ti-röm), n. The room in a theatre in which the stage properties are kept.

Property-tax (pro'pèr-ti-taks), n. A direct tax imposed on the property of individuals, amounting to a certain percentage on the estimated value of their property. Prophasis (prof'a-sis), n. [Gr. prophasis, from prophaino, to show beforehand-pro, before, and phaino, to show.] In med. prognosis; foreknowledge of a disease. Prophecy (prof'e-si), n. [O.Fr. prophecie, prophetie, from L. prophetia, from Gr. propheteia, from prophēmi, to foretell-pro, before, and phěmi, to tell. See PROPHET.] 1. A foretelling; prediction; a declaration of something to come; especially, a foretelling inspired by God. The prophecy of

Esaias.'

Mat. xiii. 14.

He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. Shak. 2. A book of prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chr. ix. 29.-3. Public interpretation of Scripture; exhortation or instruction. Prov. xxxi. 1. Prophesier (prof'e-si-ér), n. One who predicts events. A double-meaning prophesier. Shak.

Prophesy (prof'e-si), v. t. pret. & pp. prophesied; ppr. prophesying. 1. To foretell, as future events; to predict.

I hate him, for he doth not prophesy good concerning me, but evil. 1 Ki. xxii. 8.

2. To foreshow.

Shak.

Methought thy very gait did prophesy A royal nobleness. Prophesy (prof'e-sī), v.i. pret. prophesied; ppr. prophesying. 1. To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come. Jer. xi. 21.-2. To preach; to interpret or explain Scripture or religious subjects; to exhort. Ezek. xxxvii. 4, 7, 9.

Prophet (prof'et), n. [Fr. prophète, from L. propheta, from Gr. prophetes-pro, before, and phemi, to speak; same root as fame (which see).] 1. One that foretells future events; a predictor; a foreteller; especially, a person illuminated, inspired, or instructed by God to announce future events, as Moses, Elijah, David, Isaiah, &c.

Jesters do oft prove prophets.

Shak.

2. An interpreter; a spokesman. Ex. vii. 1.— The Prophets, that division of the sacred writings which according to the Jews included Joshua, Judges, I. and II. Samuel, I. and II. Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the twelve minor prophets.

On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets. Mat. xxii. 40. -School of the prophets, among the ancient Jews, a school or college in which young men were educated and qualified for public teachers. These students were called sons of the prophets. Prophetess (prof'et-es), n. A female prophet; a woman who foretells future events, as Miriam, Deborah, Huldah, Anna, &c.

PROPHETIC

Prophetic (prō-fet′ik), a. 1. Pertaining or relating to a prophet or prophecy; having the character of prophecy: containing prophecy; as, prophetic writings.-2. Presageful; predictive: with of before the thing foretold.

And fears are oft prophetic of th' event. Dryden. Prophetical (prō-fet'ik-al), a. Same as Prophetic. The counsels of a wise and then prophetical friend.' Wotton. Propheticality (pro-fet'ik-al"ʼi-ti), n. pheticalness. Coleridge. [Rare.] Prophetically (pro-fet'ik-al-li), adv. In a prophetic manner; by way of prediction; in the manner of prophecy.

She sighed, and thus prophetically spoke.

Pro

Dryden.

Propheticalness (pro-fet'ik-al-nes), n. Quality of being prophetical. [Rare.] Prophetizet (prof'et-iz), v.i. pret. prophetized; ppr. prophetizing. To give prediction. Nature... so doth warning send By prophetizing dreams. Prophorict (prō-for'ik), a. [Gr. prophorikos, -pro, from prophora, a bringing forwardforward, and phero, to bring.] Enunciative. Wright.

Daniel.

Prophylactic, Prophylactical (pro-fi-lak'tik, pro-fi-lak'tik-al), a. [Gr. prophylakti kos, from prophylasso, to prevent, to guard against-pro, before, and phylassō, to preserve.] In med. preventive; defending from

disease.

Medicine is distributed into prophylactick, or the art of preserving health; and therapeutick, or the art of restoring health.

Watts.

Prophylactic (pro-fi-lak'tik), n. A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.

Prophylaxis (prō-fi-lak'sis), n. [Gr. See PROPHYLACTIC.] In med. the guarding against or taking measures to prevent disease; preventive or preservative treatment. Propination (prō-pi-nā'shon), n. [L. propinatio. See below.] The act of pledging or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another. Abp. Potter.

Propine (pro-pin), v.t. pret. & pp. propined; ppr. propining. [L. propino, from Gr. propino, to drink before or to one-pro, before, and pino, to drink.] 1. To pledge in drinking; to drink.

The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince
Smart.
Health, joy, and peace propined.

2. To offer in kindness, as a cup to drink. Jer. Taylor.-3. † To expose; to subject. Unless we would propine both ourselves and our cause unto open and just derision. Fotherby.

Propine † (prō-pin'), n. A present; a gift; drink-money.

Propinquate (prō-pin'kwāt), v.i. pret. propinquated; ppr. propinquating. [L. propinquo, to approach.] To approach; to be

near.

Propinquity (prō-pin'kwi-ti), n. [L. propinquitas, from propinquus, from prope, near, nigh; whence also (ap)proach.] 1.Nearness in place; neighbourhood. Ray.-2. Nearness in time. Sir T. Browne.-3. Nearness of blood; kindred.

Shak.

Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity, and property of blood." Propionate (prō'pi-ō-nāt),n. In chem. a compound of propionic acid and a base. See PROPIONIC.

Propione (prō'pi-ōn), n. (CH100.) An oily volatile liquid, produced by the destructive distillation of certain propionates, &c. Propionic (prō-pi-on'ik), a. [Gr. pro, before, and pion, fat.] Applied to an acid (CHO), the third member of the acetic series obtained from amber, sour cocoa-nut milk, &c. It is of interest as being the first organic compound obtained directly from carbonic anhydride. Propionic acid is monobasic, forming salts called propio

nates.

Propithecus (pro-pi-the'kus), n. [Gr. pro, before, and pithēkos, an ape.] A genus of quadrupeds allied to the lemurs, but distinguished from them by a shorter muzzle, rounded ears, by the marked disproportion in length between its hinder and anterior extremities, as well as by the number and form of its teeth. One species only, the diadem lemur (P. diadema), is known. It is a native of Madagascar. The head and body are 27 inches long, and the tail 17. The face is naked.

548

Pope.

propitiated; ppr. propitiating. [L. propitio, propitiatum, to propitiate. See PROPITIOUS.] To appease and render favourable; to make propitious; to conciliate. "What offerings may propitiate the fair.' Waller. Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, The god propitiate and the pest assuage. Propitiate (pro-pi'shi-āt), v.i. To make propitiation or atonement. Propitiation (pro-pi'shi-a"shon), n. 1. The act of propitiating; the act of making propitious.-2. In theol. the atonement or atoning sacrifice offered to God to assuage his wrath and render him propitious to sinners.

He is the propitiation for our sins. 1 John ii. 2. Propitiator (prō-pi’shi-at-ér), n. One who propitiates. Johnson. Propitiatorily (pro-pi'shi-a-to-ri-li), adv. By way of propitiation. Propitiatory (pro-pi'shi-a-to-ri), a. Having the power to make propitious; as, a propitiatory sacrifice.

Abp. Sharp.

The notion of a propitiatory sacrifice is, that it procures the pardon of all sins to the offender. Propitiatory (prō-pi'shi-a-to-ri), n. In Jewish antiq. the mercy-seat; the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within and without with plates of gold. 'He (the Messias) the true ark of the covenant; the only propitiatory by his blood.' Bp. Pearson. Propitious (pro-pi'shus), a. [L. propitius, favourable, generally supposed to be formed from pro, before, forward, and peto, to seek, to make for by flying, the word thus primarily referring to a bird whose flight is of happy augury.] 1. Favourably disposed towards a person; ready to grant a favour or indulgence; favourable; kind; disposed to be gracious or merciful; ready to forgive sins and bestow blessings.

My Maker, be propitious while I speak! Milton.
Would but thy sister Marcia be propitious
To thy friends' vows.

Addison.

2. Affording favourable conditions or circumstances; as, a propitious season. Propitiously (pro-pi'shus-li), adv. In a propitious manner; favourably; kindly. So when a muse propitiously invites, Improve her favours, and indulge her flights. Roscommon. Propitiousness (pro-pi'shus-nes), n. The state or quality of being propitious: (a) kindness; disposition to treat another kindly; disposition to forgive. (b) Favourableness. Propitiousness of climate.' Sir W. Temple.

Proplasm (pro'plazm), n. [Gr. proplasmapro, before, and plasso, to mould or model.] A mould; a matrix. Those shells serving as proplasms or moulds to the matter which so filled them.' Woodward. Proplastic (pro-plas'tik), a. [See PROPLASM.] Forming a mould or cast. Proplastics (prō-plas'tiks), n. [See above.] The art of making moulds for castings, &c. Propodium (pro-pō'di-um), n. [Gr. pro, before, and pous, podos, a foot.] In zool. the anterior part of the foot in molluscs.

In the Heteropoda, however, and in the wingshells (Strombidae), the foot exhibits a division into three portions-an anterior, the propodium,' a middle, the mesopodium,' and a posterior lobe, or 'metapodium.' H. A. Nicholson. [Gr. pro, before, Propolis (pro'po-lis), n. and polis, city. A red, resinous, odorous substance having some resemblance to wax and smelling like storax, collected from the viscid buds of various trees; used by bees to stop the holes and crevices in their hives to prevent the entrance of cold air, to strengthen the cells, &c.

Propone (prō-pōn'), v.t. [L. propono, to propose-pro, before, and pono, to place.] 'Doctrine 1. To propose; to propound. proponed and thrust into their hearts with words sweeter than honey.' Bp. Coverdale. 2. In Scots law, to state; to bring forward. -Pleas proponed and repelled, in Scots law, those pleas which have been stated in a court, and repelled previous to decree being given.

PROPORTIONABLE

size, quantity, or degree; equal or corresponding degree.

He must be little skilled in the world who thinks that men's talking much or little shall hold proportion only to their knowledge. Locke.

Several nations are recovered out of their ignorance in proportion as they converse more or less with those of the reformed churches. Addison.

2. The relation of one part to another or to the whole, with respect to magnitude; the relative size and arrangement of parts; as, the proportion of the parts of an edifice, or of the human body.

The proportions are so well arranged that nothing appears to an advantage. Addison.

Formed in the best proportions of her sex, Rowena was tall in stature, yet not so much so as to attract observation on account of superior height. Sir W. Scott. 3. Symmetrical arrangement, distribution, or adjustment; the proper relation of parts in a whole; symmetry; as, the limbs are out of proportion to the body.

No man of the present age is equal in the strength, proportion, and knitting of his limbs to the Hercules of Farnese. Dryden. 4. That which falls to one's lot when a whole is divided according to a rule or principle; just or equal share; lot.

Let the women... do the same things in their proportions and capacities. Fer. Taylor.

5. Form; shape; figure. Shak.-6. In math. the equality or similarity of ratios, ratio being the relation which one quantity bears to another of the same kind in respect of magnitude; or proportion is a relation among quantities such that the quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to the quotient of the third divided by the fourth. Thus 5 is to 10 as 8 is to 16; that is, 5 bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Proportion is expressed by symbols, thus:-a: b::c: d, or a b c :d, -The above is sometimes called geometrical proportion, in contradistinction to arithmetical proportion, or that in which the difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the third and fourth. See also PROGRESSION.-7. In arith. the rule of three, that rule which according to the theory of proportion enables us to find a fourth proportional to three given numbers, that is, a number to which the third bears the same ratio as the first does to the second. - Simple proportion, the equality of the ratio of two quantities to that of two other quantities. Compound proportion, the equality of the ratio of two quantities to another ratio, the antecedent and consequent of which are respectively the products of the antecedents and consequents of two or more ratios.-Continued proportion, a succession of several equal ratios, as 2, 4, 8, 16, &c.-Harmonical or musical proportion, a relation of three or four quantitities such that the first is to the last as the difference between the two first is to the difference between the two last; thus 2, 3, 6 are in harmonical proportion, for 2 is to 6 as 1 is to 3.-Reciprocal or inverse proportion, an equality between a direct and a reciprocal ratio, or a proportion in which the first term is to the second as the fourth is to the third, as 4:2:: 3:6 inversely, that is

as

Proportion (pro-pōr'shon), v. t. 1. To adjust in a suitable proportion; to harmoniously adjust to something else as regards dimensions or extent; as, to proportion the size of a building to its height, or the thickness of a thing to its length; to proportion our expenditures to our income.

In the loss of an object, we do not proportion our grief to its real value, but to the value our fancies set Addison. upon it.

2. To form with symmetry; to give a symmetrical form to.

Nature had proportioned her without any fault. quickly to be discovered by the senses. Sir P. Sidney. 3. To bear proportion or adequate relation to; to equal.

Bid him, therefore, consider of his ransom; which Shak must proportion the losses we have borne.

For mysterious things of faith rely

On the proponent, heaven's authority. Dryden. Proponent (pro-pō'nent), a. Making proposals; proposing. Proportion (pro-pōr'shon), n. [L. proportio-pro, before, and portio, part or share. See PORTION.] 1. The comparative relation of one thing to another in respect to

Propitiable (pro-pi'shi-a-bl), a. Capable of being propitiated; that may be made propitious. Propitiate (prō-pi'shi-āt), v.t. pret. & pp.

1. Capable of being proportioned or made proportional.-2. Being in proportion; having a due comparative relation; proportional; corresponding. To levy power proShak. portionable to the enemy."

Such eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom. Burke.

3. Well proportioned; symmetrical. Lady M. W. Montagu.

PROPORTIONABLENESS

Proportionableness (pro-pōr' shon-a-blnes), n. State of being proportionable.

The ground of all pleasure is agreement and proportionableness of the temper and constitution of anything. Hammond.

Proportionably (prō-pōr'shon-a-bli), adv. In a proportionable manner; according to proportion or comparative relation; proportionally; as, a large body, with limbs proportionably large.

The parts of a great thing are great, and there are proportionably large estates in a large country. Arbuthnot. Proportional (pro-pōr'shon-al), a. [L.L. proportionalis; Fr. proportionnel.] 1. According to or having a due proportion or comparative relation; being in suitable proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional.

The conquerors were contented to share the conquered country, usually according to a strictly defined proportional division with its previous occupants. Craik.

2. In math. having the same or a constant ratio; as, proportional quantities.-Proportional compasses, compasses with a pair of legs at each end, turning on a common pivot. The pivot is secured in a slide which is adjustable in the slots of the legs so as to vary in any required proportion the relative distances of the points at the respective ends. The legs are provided with marks by which the ratio of proportion of the respective ends may be arranged or determined. The instrument is used in reducing or enlarging drawings, &c. -Proportional logarithms. See LOGISTIC.-Proportional parts, parts of magnitudes such that the corresponding ones, taken in their order, are proportional; that is, the first part of the first is to the first part of the second as the second part of the first is to the second part of the second, and so on.-Proportional scale, (a) a scale on which are marked parts proportional to the logarithms of the natural numbers; a logarithmic scale. (b) A scale for preserving the proportions of drawings or parts when changing their size.

Proportional (pro-pōr'shon-al), n. A quantity in proportion; specifically, (a) in chem. a term employed in the theory of definite proportions to designate the same as the weight of an atom or prime. See PRIME. (b) pl. In math. the terms of a proportion; of these the first and last are the extremes, and the intermediate the means, or the mean, when the proportion consists of only three terms. See MEAN. Proportionality (prō-pōr'shon-al"i-ti), n. The quality of being in proportion.

All sense, as grateful, dependeth upon the equality or the proportionality of the motion or impression. N. Grew. Proportionally (prō-pōr'shon-al-li), adv. In a proportional manner; in proportion; in due degree; with suitable comparative relation; as, all parts of a building being proportionally large. Newton. Proportionate (pro-pōr'shon-āt), a. justed to something else according to a certain rate or comparative relation; proportional.

Ad

Every single particle hath an innate gravitation towards all others, proportionated by matter and disBentley. Proportionately (pro-pōr'shon-at-li), adv. In a proportionate manner or degree; with due proportion; according to a settled or suitable rate or degree.

To this internal perfection is added a proportionately happy condition. Bp. Pearson.

Proportionateness (pro-pōr'shon-at-nes),

n.

The state of being proportionate or of being adjusted by due or settled proportion or comparative relation; suitableness of proportions. The fitness and proportionateness of these objects.' Sir M. Hale. Proportionless (pro-pōr'shon-les), a. Without proportion; without symmetry of parts. Proportionment (pro-pōr'shon-ment), n. The act of proportioning. Proposal (pro-pōz'al), n. [From propose.] 1. That which is proposed or offered for consideration; a scheme or design, terms or conditions proposed; as, to make pro

3. In law, a statement in writing of some special matter submitted to the consideration of one of the masters of the Court of Chancery, pursuant to an order made upon an application ex parte, or a decretal order of the court.-SYN. Offer, proffer, tender, overture, proposition.

Propose (pro-pōz'), v.t. pret. & pp. proposed; ppr. proposing. [Fr. proposer, to purpose, to propose; not directly from, although influenced by, L. propono, propositum (which gives us propound), but from pro and poser. Purpose is the same word. See POSE, COMPOSE.] 1. To place before or offer for consideration, discussion, or adoption; as, to propose a bill or resolution to a legislative body; to propose terms of peace; to propose a question or subject for discussion; to propose an alliance by treaty or marriage; to propose alterations or amendments in a law. In learning anything, as little as possible should be proposed to the mind at first. Watts.

2. To place before as something to be done, attained, or striven after; as, we propose going there to-morrow: often with an infinitive as object. When great treasure is the meed proposed.' Shak.

What to ourselves in passion we propose,
The passion ending doth the purpose lose.

Shak.

-To propose to or for one's self, to intend; to design; to form a design in the mind. Propose (pro-pōz'), v.i. 1.† To lay schemes. 2. To converse; to discourse.

Run thee into the parlour;
There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice
Proposing with the Prince and Claudio. Shak.

3. To form or declare an intention or design; to purpose.

Man proposes, but God disposes. Trans. of Thomas A'Kempis. 4. To offer. 5. To offer one's self in marriage. Why don't the men propose.' T. H. Bayly. Proposet (pro-pōz'), n. Talk; discourse.

Proposer (prō-pōz'èr), n. 1. One that proposes; one who offers anything for consideration or adoption.-2. † A speaker; an orator.

Let me conjure you,. . . by what more dear a better proposer could charge you withal, be even and direct with me. Shak.

Proposition (prō-pō-zi'shon).n. [Partly from verb propose, partly from Fr. proposition, from L. propositio, from propono, propositus, to put up publicly-pro, before, and pono, positus, to put.] 1. The act of placing or setting before; the act of offering.

It also causes that nothing spring there but gums fit for incense and the oblations for the altar of proposition. Fer. Taylor.

-Loaves of proposition, in Jewish antiq. the show-bread.-2. That which is proposed; that which is offered for consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; offer of terms; as, they made propositions of peace; the propositions were not accepted.

The enemy sent propositions, such as upon delivery of a strong fortified town, after a handsome defence, are usually granted. Clarendon.

3. In gram. and logic, a sentence or part of a sentence consisting of a subject and a predicate united by a copula; a thought expressed or propounded in language; a form of speech in which something is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, 'snow is white;' 'water is fluid;' 'vice is not commendable.' Logical propositions are said to be divided, first, according to substance, into categorical and hypothetical; secondly, according to quality, into affirmative and negative; thirdly, according to quantity, into universal and particular.-4. In math. a statement in terms of either a truth to be demonstrated, or an operation to be performed. It is called a theorem when it is something to be proved, and a problem when it is an operation to be done. 5. In rhet, that which is offered or

PROPRIETY

affirmed as the subject of the discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.-6. In poetry,the first part of a poem, in which the author states the subject or matter of it; as, Horace recommends modesty and simplicity in the proposition of a poem.

Per

Propositional (pro-pō-zi'shon-al), a. taining to a proposition; considered as a proposition; as, a propositional sense. Watts. Propound (pro-pound'), v.t. [L. propono, to put forth, to place or set out-pro, before, and pono, to set, put, or place. As to form, comp. compound, expound.] 1. To lay before; to offer for consideration; to propose; to offer; to exhibit; to put or set, as a question. 'Such questions as by your grace shall be propounded.' Shak.

The existence of the church hath been propounded as an object of faith. Bp. Pearson. Every rule that can be propounded upon the subject must, in the application, depend on private judgment. Brougham.

2. In the Congregational Church, to propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion with a church.

Propounder (pro-pound'ér), n. One who propounds; one who proposes or offers for consideration.

The point of the sword thrust from him both the Milton. propositions and the propounders.

Proprætor (pro-prē'tor), n. [L. proprætor -pro, for, and prætor (which see).] In Rom. antiq. a magistrate who, having discharged the office of prætor at home, was sent into a province to command there with his former prætorial authority; also, an officer sent extraordinarily into the provinces to administer justice with the authority of prætor.

Propretor (prō-prē'tor), n. Same as Proprætor.

Proprietary (pro-prï'e-ta-ri), n. [Fr. propriétaire, a proprietor, from propriété.] 1. A proprietor or owner; one who has the exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses or holds the title to a thing in his own right.

'Tis a mistake to think ourselves stewards in some of God's gifts and proprietaries in others. Dr. H. More.

2. A body of proprietors, collectively; as, the proprietary of a county.-3. In monasteries, a monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself, notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of his profession. Proprietary (prō-prï'e-ta-ri), a. Belonging to a proprietor or owner, or to a proprietary; belonging to ownership; as, proprietary rights.

Though sheep, which are proprietary, are seldom marked, yet they are not apt to straggle. N. Grew. Proprietor (prō-pri'e-ter), n. [Fr. propriétaire. See PROPERTY.] An owner; the person who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in possession or not; as, the proprietor of a farm or of a mill. French. was at any rate the only language spoken for some ages after the Conquest by our kings, and not only by nearly all the nobility, but by a large proportion even of the inferior landed proprietors. Craik. Pro

...

Proprietorial (prō-prï'e-tō"ri-al), a.

prietary. Proprietorship (pro-pri'e-têr-ship), n. The state or right of a proprietor; state of being proprietor.

If you think she has anything to do with the proprietorship of this place, you had better abandon that idea. Dickens. Proprietress (pro-pri'e-tres), n. A female who has the exclusive legal right to a thing; proprietrix.

Is she,

The sweet proprietress, a shadow? Tennyson. Proprietrix (prō-pri'e-triks), n. A female proprietor; a proprietress.

Propriety (pro-pri'e-ti), n. [Fr. propriété; L. proprietas, from proprius, one's own.] 1. Peculiar or exclusive right of possession; ownership; property; possession.

Why hath not a man as true propriety in his estate as in his life? Bp. Hall. Hail wedded love, mysterious law, true source Of human offspring, sole propriety In Paradise of all things common else! Milton. 2. That which is proper or peculiar; property; peculiarity.

We find no mention hereof in ancient geographers ... who seldom forget proprieties of such a nature. Sir T. Browne.

3. Suitableness to an acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established principles, rules, or customs; fitness; justness; correctness; as, the propriety of an expression; to behave with per