Loach, Loche (loch), n. [Fr. loche, a loach.] 1. A small fish of the genus Cobitis (C. barbatula), inhabiting small clear streams in England, and esteemed dainty food.

Loach (Cobitis barbatula).

A

smaller species, the spined loach or groundling (C. tania), also occurs in England.-2. A name given also to the eel-pout (Lota vulgaris) and the three-bearded rockling (Motella vulgaris).

Load (lod), n. [O.E. lode, a load, from A. Sax. hladan, to load. See LADE.] 1. A burden; that which is laid on or put in anything for conveyance; that which is borne or sustained; a weight; as, a heavy load.-2. The amount or quantity which a person can carry; the contents of a ship, waggon, cart, barrow, or the like, or in general as much as can be carried at one time by the conveyance commonly used for the article carried; as, a load of wood or coal; a load of hay.-3. That which is borne with pain or difficulty; a grievous weight; encumbrance; fig. that which burdens, oppresses, or grieves the mind or spirits. Jove lightened of its load Th' enormous mass. 'Tis all men's office to speak patience To those that wring under the load of sorrow. Shak. 4. The charge of a firearm; as, a load of powder.-5. Weight or violence, as of blows. And Mnestheus laid hard load upon his helm. Dryden. 6. A quantity of food or drink that oppresses, or as much as can be borne.

Pope.

There are those that can never sleep without their load, nor enjoy one easy thought till they have laid L'Estrange. all their cares to rest with a bottle.

7.In mining, the quantity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about cwt.-8. In mech. the quantity of work done by an engine or other prime mover when loaded or working to its full power.-SYN. Weight, burden, encumbrance, freight, cargo, lading. Load (lod), v. t. pret. & pp. loaded; ppr. loading. [Loaden, a former pp., is hardly any longer in use; laden, which is sometimes regarded as a pp. of this verb, strictly belongs to lade.] 1. To lay a burden on; to charge with a load; to make heavy; to furnish with a lading or cargo; as, to load a camel or a horse; to load a cart or waggon. Your carriages were heavy loaden; they are a burden to the weary beast. Is. xlvi. 1. 2. To weigh down, either with what is cumbersome or embarrassing, or with what is valuable; to oppress; to encumber; to bestow or confer in great abundance; as, to load the stomach with meat; to load the mind or memory.

Those honours deep and broad, wherewith Your majesty loads our house. Shak. 3. To make heavy by something added or appended; as, to load a whip; to load a cane.-4. To place a charge in; to charge, as a gun with powder, or with powder and ball or shot.-To load dice, to make one side heavier than the other, so as to cause the die to fall on that side and the side opposite to come up. To load wine, to drug or hocus wine. A loaded bottle of wine.'

eray.

Thack

Load (lod), n. Same as Lode. Loader (lõd'èr), n. One who loads. Loading (lōd'ing), n. A cargo; a burden; also, anything that makes part of a load. Load-line (lōd'lin), n. Naut. a line drawn on the side of a vessel to show the depth to which she sinks in the water when not over-loaded.

ch, chain;

65

Loadmanage † (lōd'man-āj), n. [See LOADSMAN.] Pilotage; skill of a pilot. Loadsman† (lōdz'man), n. [A. Sax. ládman, a leader-lad, course, voyage, and man. See LOADSTONE.] A pilot. Loadstar, Lodestar (löd'stär), n. [Lode, load, A. Sax. lad, course, way, and star; the same compound appears in Icel. leitharstjarna. See also LOADSTONE.] A star that leads or serves to guide; especially the pole

star.

Loadstone, Lodestone (lōd'ston), n. [Better written lodestone, as it is from lode, A. Sax. lad, way, course, journey, from root of verb lead, and stone; in Icel. leithar-steinn. Loadstar, loadsman (or lodeman), are similar compounds.] (Fe3O4.) An ore of iron, consisting of the protoxide and peroxide of iron in a state of combination, and frequently called the magnetic oxide of iron. Loadstone is found in considerable masses in iron mines in Germany, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Italy, China, and several other countries. It is of a dark-gray colour, with a metallic lustre; its primitive form is the regular octahedron; sp. gr. 4.25. It was known to the ancients, and they were acquainted with the singular property which it has of attracting iron. The loadstone has the power of communicating its properties to iron and steel, which then become what are called artificial magnets. See MAGNET.

Loaf (lof), n. pl. Loaves (lōvz). [A. Sax. hlaf, laf; Goth. hlaibs, hlaifs, Icel. hleifr, O.H.G. hlaib, G. laib, leib, allied to Rus. chljeb, Pol. chleb, bread, loaf. This word forms the lo, la of lord and lady (which see).] A thick lump or mass; especially, a large regularly shaped or moulded mass, as of bread, sugar, cake, or the like.

Loaf (lof), v.i. To lounge; to idle away one's time. See LOAFER.

Loaf (lof), v.t. To pass or spend in idleness, as time; to spend lazily; as, to loaf away whole days.

Loafer (löf′ér), n. An idle man or lounger; one who seeks his living by sponging or dubious expedients; one who is too lazy to practise a calling.

The word loafer owes something to this Gipsy root (lovo or lovey and loure, to steal), as well as to the German läufer (landläufer), and Mexican-Spanish galeofar, and for this reason, that when the term began to be popular in 1834 or 1835, I can distinctly remember that it meant to pilfer. A petty pilferer was a loafer, but in a very short time all the tribe of loungers in the sun, and the disreputable pickers up of inconsidered trifles were called loafers.

Č. G. Leland. Loaf-sugar (loaf'shu-gér), n. Sugar refined and formed into a conical mass. Loam (löm), n. [A. Sax. lâm; D. leem, G. lehm, loam, clay, allied to E. lime, and probably L. limus, slime, mud.] 1. A native clay mixed with sand and occasionally with some carbonate of lime, or a soil compounded of various earths, of which the chief are siliceous sand, clay, and carbonate of lime or chalk, the clay predominating. Decayed vegetable and animal matter, in the form of humus, is often found in loams in considerable quantities, and the soil is fertile in proportion. Iron, magnesia, and various salts are occasionally found in loams. 2. A mixture of sand and clay, the former predominating, with a certain quantity of horse-dung, or some equivalent, as chopped straw, saw-dust, &c., added, used for moulding in iron-founding.

Loam (lom), v.t. To cover with loam; to clay.

The joist ends and girders, which be in the walls, must be loamed all over to preserve them from the Moxon. corroding of the mortar.

Loamy (lōm'i), a. Consisting of loam; partaking of the nature of loam, or resembling it; as, loamy soil.

Loan (lon), n. [A. Sax. læn, a loan, gift,
contr. for lahen, from lihan, to lend;
Icel. lán, Dan. laan, D. leen, a loan. See
LEND. The same root is in L. linquo, to
leave (whence relinquish, &c.).] 1. The act
of lending or condition of being lent; a lend-
ing; as, to arrange a loan.

To find, at some place I shall come at, arms
Tennyson.
On loan, or else for pledge.

2. That which is lent; anything furnished
for temporary use to a person at his request,
on the express or implied condition that
the specific thing shall be returned, or its
equivalent in kind; especially, a sum of
money lent at interest.

Advantaging their loan with interest Of ten times double gain of happiness. Shak. 3. Permission to use; grant of the use; as, a

ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j, job; ǹ, Fr. ton; ng, sing;

LOATHLY

loan of credit.-Public loan, the name given to money borrowed by the state at a fixed rate of interest.-Gratuitous loan, or commodate, in law, the gratuitous lending of an article to the borrower for his own use, which article must be used according to the lender's intention, and restored at the proper time and in proper condition. Loan (lon), v.t. [From the noun.] To lend. The practice of loaning money." Westminster Rev. [Not much used in Britain.] Loan (lon), v.i. To lend, as money. [United

States.]

Loan, Loaning (lön, lōn'ing), n. [See LANE.] 1. An opening between fields of corn, near or leading to the homestead, left uncultivated, for the sake of driving the cattle homewards. 2. A narrow inclosed way leading from a town or village, sometimes from one part of a village to another; a stretch of road between walls or hedges; a lane. [Scotch.]

Loanable (lōn'a-bl), a. That may be lent. [Rare.]

It is, therefore, so much subtracted from what may correctly be called the amount of loanable capital. F. S. Mill.

Loanmonger (lōn'mung-gèr), n. A dealer or jobber in loans.

Teach us, that taste is a talisman, which can do greater wonders than the millions of the loanmonger. Disraeli. Loan-office (lōn'of-fis), n. 1. A public office in which loans of money are negotiated for the public, or in which the accounts of loans are kept and the interest paid to the lenders.-2. An office where money is lent upon goods or other property; a pawnbroker's place of business.

Loan-society (lon'sō-si-e-ti), n. An institution established for the purpose of advancing money on loan to the industrious classes, and receiving back payment for the same by instalments, with interest.

Loasacea, Loaseæ (1ō-a-zā ́sē-ē, lō-ā'sē-ē), n. pl. [Loasa, a South American name of these plants.] A small nat. order of American dicotyledonous plants belonging to Lindley's cactal alliance, characterized by rigid, stinging hairs: hence called Chili nettles. The genus Loasa is the type. They have opposite or alternate lobed or pinnatifid leaves, and solitary or racemose white, yellow, or reddish (often very handsome) flowers. Bartonia aurea and some species of Mentzelia are in frequent cultivation. Loath (lōth), a. [See LoтH.] Filled with disgust or aversion; unwilling; reluctant. Loathe (lŌTH), v. t. pret. & pp. loathed; ppr. loathing. [A. Sax. lathian, to hate. See LOTH.] 1. To feel disgust at; especially, to have an extreme aversion of the appetite to food or drink.

Loathing the honey'd cakes, I long for bread.
Cowley.

2. To dislike greatly; to hate; to abhor.
Not to reveal the secret which I loathe. Waller.
She loathes the vital air.
Dryden.

3. To cause to hate or dislike; to disgust. (They) loath men from reading by their covert, slanderous reproaches of the Scriptures.

Abp. Parker. Loathe (lõтH), v.i. To feel nausea, disgust,

or abhorrence. Loather (lōTH'ér), n. abhors.

One who loathes or 1. Full of loathing;

Loathful (lõTH'ful), a. hating; abhorring. Which he did with loathful eyes behold. Spenser. 2. Awakening or exciting loathing or disgust; disgusting.

Above the reach of loathful sinful lust. Spenser. Loathing (1ŌTH'ing), n. Extreme disgust; abhorrence; detestation.

I bear Antonio.

So can I give no reason, nor I will not, More than a lodged hate and a certain loathing Shak. With exLoathingly (lōTн'ing-li), adv. treme disgust or abhorrence; in a fastidious

manner.

Loathliness (lõтH'li-nes), n. The quality of being loathly; loathsomeness. Bp. Hall. Loathly (lŌTH'li), a. Loathsome; disgusting.

Changed to a lazar's vile and loathly ward.
F. Baillie.
While the loathliest food
We prized above all price.
Southey.

Loathly (lōтн'li), adv. 1. With loathness; unwillingly; reluctantly.

This shows that you from nature loathly stray.
Donne.

2. In a loathsome manner; filthily.
With dust and blood his locks were loathly dight.
Fairfax.

LOATHNESS

Loathness (loтH'nes), n. The state of being loath; unwillingness; reluctance.

After they had sat about the fire, there grew a general silence and loathness to speak. Bacon. Loathsome (lŌTH'sum), a. [Loath, and term. some. See LOTH.] 1. Causing to loathe; exciting disgust; disgusting. The most loathsome and deadly forms of infection. Macaulay.-2. Exciting hatred or abhorrence; odious; detestable. Loath some sloth. Spenser. Loathsomely (löтH'sum-li), adv. In a loath

some manner.

Lobate, Lobated (lob'at, lõb'at-ed), a. [From lobe.] 1. Consisting of or having lobes.2. A term applied by Linnæus to the feet of those birds which, as the grebe, are furnished at their sides with broad-lobed membranes. Lobby (lob'bi), n. [L. L. lobia, laubia, lobium, &c., a covered portico, cloisters, from 0. H.G. laubja, G. laube, an arbour, from laub, a leaf, foliage. (See LEAF) Lodge is really another form of this word.] 1. An inclosed space surrounding or communicating with one or more apartments; also, a small hall or waiting-room, or the entrance into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable space between this apartment and a portico or vestibule. Gwilt.-2. That part of a hall of legislation not appropriated to the official use of the assembly; hence, the men who frequent such a place for the sake of business with the legislators. [United States.1-3. Naut. the name sometimes given to an apartment close before the captain's cabin.-4. In agri. a confined place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees, or other fencing near the farmyard.

Lobby (lob'bi), v.i. To frequent the lobby of a house of legislation for the purpose of addressing members with a view to influence their votes; to solicit members for their votes in any place away from the house. [United States.]

A committee has gone to Albany to lobby for a new bank charter. American newspaper. Lobby (lob'bi), v.t. 1. To address or solicit, as a member of a house of legislature, in the lobby of the house or elsewhere than in the house, with the view of influencing his vote in favour of some measure. -2. To carry through a house of legislation, as a measure or bill, by addressing or soliciting members in the lobby of the house, or elsewhere than in the house, for their votes in favour of the measure. [United States.] Lobbyist (lob'bi-ist), n. One who frequents the lobby of a house of legislation, with the view of influencing the votes of the members; a lobby-member. [United States.]

On my arrival I found the state legislature in session... Senators, and members from the town and rural districts, Americans, Dutch, English, and Irish settlers, lobbyists in the interest of railway monopo lies,... politicians representing municipal 'rings' ... were mingled in the corridor. Edwin James. Lobby-member (lob'bi-mem-bér), n. A person who frequents the lobby of a house of legislation; a lobbyist. [United States.] Lobcock (lob'kok), n. A stupid, sluggish, inactive person; a lob.

I am not one of those heavy lobcocks that are good for nothing but to hang at the tail of a coach. Caryll Lobe (lob), n. [Fr.; L.L. lobus, from Gr. lobos, a lobe, the lobe of the ear.] Any pro

66

jection or division, especially of a rounded form; as, (a) in anat. a round projecting part of an organ, as of the liver, lungs, brain, &c.; also the lower soft part of the (b) In bot. a rounded projection or division of a leaf. (c) In mach. the larger or most prominent and projecting part of a cam-wheel.

ear.

Lobed (lobd), a. Lobate (which see). Lobe-foot (lob'fut), n. A lobe-footed bird; a lobiped.

Lobe-footed (lob'fut-ed), n. Having the toes lobate or bordered with membranes, as the grebes. See LOBIPEDIDE.

Lobelet (lōb'let), n. In bot. a small lobe. Lobelia (lo-beli-a), n. [In honour of Matthew Lobel, physician and botanist to James I.] A very extensive genus of beautiful herbs, natives of almost all parts of the world, especially of the warmer parts of America, tribe Lobeliaceae, nat. order Campanulaceae. L. inflata is the Indian tobacco, which is cultivated in North America, and is employed in medicine. The small blue Lobelia so popular in gardens is L. Erinus, a Cape species. A brilliantly scarlet-flowered species, L. cardinalis, is the cardinal-flower. (See CARDINAL-FLOWER.) L. siphilitica, an American species, possesses emetic, cathartic, and diuretic properties. Two species are found wild in Britain. Lobeliacea (1ō-bē'li-ā"se-ē), n. pl. A tribe of Campanulaceae, differing from Campanulaceae proper in having irregular flowers, and like the Compositæ syngenesious anthers, but otherwise resembling them very nearly. The species principally inhabit the warmer parts of the world. They abound in an acrid milky juice, which sometimes proves dangerous when taken inwardly. Some species, however, have proved valuable curative agents, especially Lobelia inflata.

Lobelin (lō'bē-lin), n. A peculiar principle procured from Lobelia inflata, and said to resemble nicotine.

Lobiole (lo'bi-ōl), n. In bot. one of the small lobes into which the thallus of some lichens is divided.

Lobiped (lōb'i-ped), n. [L.L. lobus, a lobe, and L. pes, pedis, a foot.] A bird of the family Lobipedidae; a lobe-foot. Lobipedidae (lōb-i-ped'i-de), n. pl. A family of aquatic grallatorial birds, with lateral expansions on the toes, not united into webs. They are nearly allied to the rails, and connect them by the form of their feet with In the palmipeds or web-footed birds. general appearance also they approach the Anatidæ. The family includes the coots and phalaropes. Loblolly (loblol-li), n. [Lolly, or spoonmeat, for lobs or lubbers. Comp. lollipop.] Water-gruel or spoon-meat: so called among

seamen.

On board the ships of war water-gruel is loblolly, and the surgeon's servant or mate the loblolly-boy. Grose.

Loblolly-bay (lob'lol-li-ba), n. The popular name of Gordonia Lasianthus, nat. order Linaceæ, an elegant ornamental evergreen tree of the maritime parts of the Southern United States, having large and showy white flowers on axillary peduncles. It grows to the height of 50 or 60 feet. Its bark is useful for tanning, but its wood is of little value.

Loblolly-boy (lob'lol-li-boi), n. An attendant on the surgeon on board ships who compounds the medicines and assists the surgeon in his duties. Loboite (lōbō-it), n. In mineral. a magnesian idocrase occurring in Norway. Lobscouse (lob'skous), n. [Written also lobs-course, laps-course, from lob and course, that is, course or dish for lubbers.] Naut. a hash of meat with vegetables of various kinds; an olio.

Lobsided (lob'sid-ed), a. Hanging heavily on one side; lopsided. Lobspound (lobz'pound), n. A pound for lobs or louts; a prison.

Crowdero, whom, in irons bound,

Thou basely threw'st into lobspound. Hudibras. Lobster (lob'ster), n. [A. Sax. loppestere, lopystre, lopustre, corrupted from L. locusta, a kind of lobster or crayfish, also a locust.] The common name of the macrurous, decapodous, stalk-eyed crustaceans belonging to the genus Homarus. They have two pairs of antennæ, the outer pair remarkably long. The mouth, as in all crustaceans, is vertical, and furnished with jaws and foot-jaws. The first pair of ambulatory

LOCALITY

limbs bear the well-known and formidable lobster-claws. The fifth ring of the thorax is soldered to the carapace. The abdomen has rudimentary limbs on its under side, among which are lodged the newly excluded spawn. The tail consists of several flat shelly plates capable of being spread like a fan, and used as a swimming organ. When one of the limbs is broken off it will be reproduced in a few weeks, but the new one is never quite as large as the old one. They change their shell periodically. They inhabit the clearest water, living in the crevices of a rocky bottom. The common lobster (H. vulgaris) is found in great abundance on many of the European shores. Lobsters are esteemed a very rich and nourishing aliment, but dangerous unless fresh and in good condition. They are generally in their best season from the middle of October till the beginning of May. A species allied to ours is found on the coasts of North America. The sea crayfish, or spring lobster, is the Palinurus vulgaris of zoologists. The fresh-water lobster (Astacus fluviatilis) is called crawfish or crayfish, and is chiefly distinguished by having the fifth thoracic ring movable. Lobster-moth (lob'ster-moth), n. See STAU

ROPUS.

Lobular (lob'u-lér), a. Having the character, nature, or form of a lobule or small lobe.

Lobulated (lob'u-lat-ed), a. Consisting of lobules or small lobes; having small lobed divisions.

mass.

The liver of the crab.. is a lobulated granular Dr. Carpenter. Lobule (lob'ül), n. [Dim. of lobe.] A small lobe.

Lobworm (lob'wêrm), n. The lugworm (which see).

Local (lo'kal), a. [L. localis, from locus, a place.] 1. Pertaining to a particular place or to a fixed or limited portion of space; as, local nearness; local circumstances.2. Limited or confined to a spot, place, or definite district; as, a local custom; a local word.-3. Being or situated in a particular place; having place or position.

Dream not of their fight,
As of a duel, or the local wounds
Of head or heel.

Milton.

4. In math. related to or concerning a locus. -Local actions, in law, actions which must be brought in a particular country where the cause arises: distinguished from transitory actions.-Local affection, in med. a disease or ailment confined to a particular part or organ, and not directly affecting the system.-Local allegiance, such as is due from an alien or stranger born so long as he continues within the sovereign's dominions and protection.-Local attraction, in magnetism, attraction causing a compass-needle to deviate from its proper direction, exerted by objects in its immediate neighbourhood, especially on ship-board. - Local colours. See under COLOUR.- Local militia, a temporary armed force, embodied for the defence of the country, and serving within certain limits.-Local problem, in math. one that is capable of an infinite number of solutions. Local taxes, those assessments which are limited to certain districts, as poor rates, parochial taxes, county rates, &c. Local (lo'kal), n. An item or paragraph of news in a newspaper which has reference to a particular place or locality. Locale (lo-käl'e), n. [Fr. local, a locality. Locale as a noun is a spurious form.] A Localism (lo'kal-izm), n. 1. The state of place, spot, or locality. being local; affection for a place.-2. A mode of speaking or acting peculiar to a place; a local idiom or phrase. Locality (lo-kal'i-ti), n. 1. Existence in a place, or in a certain portion of space.

It is thought that the soul and angels are devoid of quantity and dimension, and that they have nothing to do with grosser locality.

Glanville.

2. Limitation to a county, district, or place; as, locality of trial.-3. Position; situation; place; particularly, geographical place or situation, as of a mineral, plant, or animal. 4. In Scots law, the adjustment or apportionment of the aggregate stipend to a minister from the teinds of a parish among the several heritors liable to pay it. The decree of the Teind Court modifying the stipend is called a decree of modification.-5. In phren. ability to recognize and remember the distinctive features of a place. - Locality of

LOCALIZATION

a widow, in Scots law, the lands life-rented by a widow under her contract of marriage. Localization (lo'kal-iz-a" shon), n. The act of localizing.

Localize (lō'kal-iz), v. t. pret. & pp. localized; ppr. localizing. 1. To make local; to fix in or assign to a particular place.-2. To discover or detect the place of; as, to localize a fault in a telegraph wire or cable. Locally (lokal-li), adv. With respect to place; in place; as, to be locally separated or distant.

We may discern a certain analogy between the perpetuation of a particular form of Christianity and the perpetuation of a particular language.... Both prevail locally, and are transmitted by a faithful tradition from father to son. Sir G. C. Lewis.

Locate (lo'kat), v.t. pret. & pp. located; ppr. locating. [L. loco, locatum, from locus, a place.] 1. To set in a particular spot or position; to place; to settle.

She was already 'of a certain age,' and, despair. ing of a lover, accepted the good old country squire, and was located for the rest of her life as mistress of Lonstead Abbey. Farrar.

2. To select, survey, and settle the bounds of, as a particular tract of land; to designate by limits, as a portion of land; as, to locate a tract of a hundred acres in a particular township. [United States.]-3. To designate and determine the place of; as, a committee was appointed to locate a church or a court-house. [United States.] Locate (lo'kat), v.i. To reside; to place one's self or to be placed; to adopt or form a fixed residence.

Beneath whatever roof they locate, they disturb the peace of mind and happiness of some confiding 'female. Dickens.

Location (lō-ka'shon), n. 1. The act of placing or settling. - 2. Situation with respect to place; place.

To say that the world is somewhere, means no more than that it does exist; this, though a phrase borrowed from place, signifying only its existence, not location. Locke.

3. In American law, the marking out of the boundaries or identifying the place or site of a piece of land according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, and the like.-4. In the United States, that which is located; a tract of land designated or marked out in place.-5. In civil law, a leasing on rent.- Contract of location, in Scots law, that by which the use of any movable subject is agreed to be given for hire, or by which a person gives his work or services on the same condition. Locative (lo'ka-tiv), a. In gram. indicating place or the place where or wherein; as, a locative adjective; a locative case. Locator (lo'kat-ér), n. In Scots law, the hirer in a contract of location. Loch (loch), n. [Gael.; allied to E. lake.] 1. A lake; a pond.-2. An arm of the sea running into the land, especially if narrow or to some extent land-locked.

Loch (lok), n. [Pg. looch, Ar. la'ok, an electuary or any medicine that may be licked, from la'aq, to lick.] A medicine to be licked with the tongue; a lambative; a lincture. Lochaber-axe (loch-ab'èr-aks), n. [From Lochaber, a district in Inverness-shire.] A warlike weapon, consisting of a pole bearing an axe at its upper end, formerly used by the Highlanders of Scotland. Lochage (lok'aj), n. [Gr. lochagos-lochos, a body of soldiers, and ago, to lead.] In Greek antiq. an officer who commanded a cohort, the number of men in which is not certainly known. Mitford.

Lochan (loch'an), n. [Dim. of loch.] A small loch; a pond. A pond or lochan, rather than a lake.' H. Miller. [Scotch.] Loche. See LOACH.

Lochia (lo-ki'a), n. [Gr. locheia.] In med. the evacuations from the womb and vagina which follow childbirth. Lochial (lo-ki'al), a.

lochia.

Pertaining to the

Lock (lok), n. [A. Sax. loc, a lock or fastening of a door, an inclosure; lûcan, locan, to lock, to fasten; Icel. lok, a cover, shutter; loka, to close; lúka, to shut, to bring to an end; lykja, to lock, to shut in; Dan. lukke, D. luiken, to shut or close. Perhaps from root of L. ligare, to bind. ] 1. Anything that fastens; specifically, an appliance used for fastening doors, chests, drawers, &c. A good lock is the masterpiece in smithery, and requires much art and delicacy in contriving and varying the wards, springs, bolts, and other parts of which it is composed, so as to adjust them to places where they are serviceable, and to the various

67

The

occasions of their use. The principle upon which all locks depend is the application of a lever to an interior bolt, by means of a communication from without, so that by means of the latter the lever acts upon the bolt, and moves it in such a manner as to secure the door or lid from being opened by any pull or push from without. security of locks in general, therefore, depends on the number of impediments that can be interposed between the lever (the key) and the bolt which secures the door, and these impediments are known by the name of wards (which slip into corresponding grooves of the key), the number and intricacy of which are supposed to distinguish a good lock from a bad one.-2. In firearms, as a rifle, musket, &c., the mechanism, or the portion comprising the mechanism, by which the piece is discharged.-3. A fastening together; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable; also, a grapple in wrestling; a hug. All Álbemarle Street closed by a lock of carriages.' De Quincey.

They must be practised in all the locks and gripes of wrestling, as need may often be in fight to tug or grapple, and to close. Milton.

4. A place shut in or locked up; an inclosure; a lock-up.

Shuts up th' unwieldy centaur in the lock. Dryden. 5. A barrier to confine the water of a stream or canal; an inclosure in a canal, with gates at each end, used in raising or lowering boats as they pass from one level to another. When a vessel is descending, water is let into the chambers of the locks till it is on a level with the higher water, and thus permits the vessel to enter; the upper gates

Lock of a Canal.

are then closed, and by the lower gates being gradually opened, the water in the lock falls to the level of the lower water, and the vessel passes out. In ascending the operation is reversed.-Lock of water, the measure equal to the contents of the chamber of the locks by which the consumption of water on a canal is estimated. -Lock, stock, and barrel, the whole of a thing.

Lock (lok), v.t. 1. To fasten with a lock and key; as, to lock a door; to lock a trunk.2. To fasten so as to impede motion; as, to lock a wheel.-3. To shut up or confine with, or as with, a lock, or in an inclosed place; as, to be locked in a prison; to lock money up in a box.

Then seek to know those things which make us blest, And having found them, lock them in thy breast. Denham.

4. To close fast; to press together, as separate portions, closely; to seal; as, the frost locks up our rivers.

She locked her lips; she left me where I stood.
Tennyson.

5. To join or unite firmly, as by intertwining or infolding; as, to lock arms.

Lock hand in hand; yourselves in order set. Shak. 6. To embrace closely; as, to lock one in the arms.-7. To furnish with locks, as a canal. 8. In fencing, to seize, as the sword-arm of an antagonist by turning the left arm round it, after closing the passade, shell to shell, in order to disarm him.-To lock up, (a) to close or fasten with a lock. (b) To confine; to restrain.-To lock up a form, in printing, to fix the types or pages in a metal frame so as to prepare them for press, &c. Lock (lok), v.i. 1. To become fast; as, the door locks close.-2. To unite closely by mutual insertion of parts.

Either they lock into each other, or slip one upon
Boyle.

another's surface.

Lock (lok), n. [A. Sax. locc, a lock of hair;

LOCK-STEP

D. and Dan. lok, Icel. lokkr, G. locke, a curl or ringlet of hair. The further connections of the word are doubtful.] 1. A tuft of hair or wool; a tress; a ringlet.

A lock of hair will draw more than a cable rope.
Grew.

2. A tuft or small quantity of hay or other like substance.-3. A small quantity of anything; a handful; specifically, in Scots law, the perquisite of the servant in a mill, consisting of a small quantity of meal, regulated by the custom of the mill. Lockage (lok'aj), n. 1. Materials for locks in a canal; works which form a lock on a canal.-2. Toll paid for passing the locks of a canal.-3. Elevation or amount of elevation and descent made by the locks of a canal.

The entire lockage will be about fifty feet on each side of the summit level. Clinton.

Lock-band, Lock-bond (lok'band, lok'A course of bond stones. bond), n. Lock-chamber (lok'cham-bér), n. In canals, the area of a lock inclosed by the side walls and gates.

Lock-down (lok-doun'), n. A contrivance used by lumberers in America for fastening logs together in rafting.

Locked-jaw (lokt'ja), n. See LOCK-JAW. Locker (lok'er), n. A close receptacle, as a drawer or a compartment in a ship, that may be closed with a lock; a small cupboard; the recess or niche frequently observed near an altar in a Catholic church, and intended as a depository for water, oil, &c.-Boatswain's locker (naut.), a chest in which are kept tools and small stuff for rigging. Davy Jones' locker. See DAVY JONES.-A shot-locker (naut.), a strong frame of plank near the pump-well in the hold, where shot are deposited.-Not a shot in the locker (naut.), not a penny in the pocket. Locker-up (fok'èr-up), n. One that locks up; specifically, a jailer or turnkey. Locket (lok'et), n. [Either a dim. from E. lock, or from Fr. loquet, a latch, dim. of O.Fr. loque, loc, a lock, which itself is from A. Sax. loc, E. lock.] 1. A small lock; a catch or spring to fasten a necklace or other ornament.-2. A little case worn as an ornament, often pendant to a necklace or watchguard.-3. That part of a sword scabbard where the hook is fastened. Lockfast (lok'fast), a. In Scots law, secured or fastened by a lock, as a door, chest, press, &c. Lock-gate (lok'gat), n. A gate employed on rivers and canals for penning back the water and forming locks.

Locking-plate (lok'ing-plat), n. In gun. a thin flat piece of iron nailed on the sides of a field carriage to prevent the wood from wearing away.

Lockist (lok'ist), n. An adherent of Locke the philosopher.

One who

Lock-jaw (lok'ja), n. In med. a form of tetanus consisting in spasmodic rigidity of the under jaw, due to spinal disturbance resulting from cold or a wound. It usually proves fatal. See TETANUS. Lock-keeper (lok'kep-ér), n. attends the locks of a canal. Lockless (lok'les), a. Destitute of a lock. Lockman (lok'man), n. 1. An executioner: so called because one of his dues was a lock or ladleful of meal from every caskful exposed for sale in the market. -2. An officer in the Isle of Man who executes the orders of the governor: much like an under-sheriff. Lock-paddle (lok'pad-1), n. A small sluice that serves to fill and empty a lock. Lock-piece (lok'pēs), n. În mining, a piece of timber used in supporting the workings. Lockram (lok'ram), n. [From Locronan, a town in Bretagne where the fabric was manufactured.] A sort of coarse linen. Lockrand (lok'rand), n. In arch. a course of bondstones.

Lock-sill (lok'sil), n. An angular piece of timber at the bottom of the lock of a canal, against which the gates shut. Locksmith (lok'smith), n. An artificer whose occupation is to make locks. Lock-spit (lok'spit), a.. In fort. and rail. a small trench opened with a spade or plough to mark out the lines of any work: supposed to be derived from locus-pit. Lock-step (lok'step), n. Milit. a mode of marching performed by a body of men arranged in as close file as possible, in which the leg of each person moves at the same time, and follows close on the movements of the corresponding leg of the person marching before him.

LODGING

Lodging (loj'ing), n. 1. A place of rest for a night or of residence for a time; temporary habitation; especially, a room or rooms hired for residence in the house of another: often used in this sense in the plural with a singular meaning.

Wits take lodgings in the sound of Bow. Pope. 2. Place of residence; harbour; cover.

Fair bosom... the lodging of delight. Spenser. 3. Convenience to repose or sleep on.

Their feathers serve to stuff our beds and pillows, yielding us soft and warın lodging. Ray. Lodging-house (loj'ing-hous), n. A house in which lodgings are let; generally a place where travellers lodge other than an inn or hotel.

Lodging-money (loj'ing-mun-i), n. Allowance granted for lodgings, as an allowance in the British army granted to officers and others, for whom suitable quarters cannot be provided in barracks.

Lodgment (loj'ment), n. 1. The act of lodging or the state of being lodged; a being placed or deposited at rest for keeping for a time or for permanence; as, the lodgment of money in a bank.-2. Accumulation or collection of something deposited and remaining at rest; as, the lodgment of mud in a tank.-3. A place where persons or things are lodged; a room; a chamber. Pope. 4. Milit. the occupation of a position, as in a siege, by the besieging party, and the formation of an intrenchment thereon to maintain it against recapture. Lodicule (lo'di-kül), n. [L. lodicula, a coverlet.] In bot. a name applied to the scales which occur at the base of the fruit of grasses. The cut shows the flower of the wheat plant dissected: 0, pistil; s, stamens; L, lodicules; P, palea; G, glumes.

Loess (lo'es), n. A Ger

Lodicules.

P

man geological term, applied to a pleistocene alluvial deposit, which occurs in patches between Cologne and Basle, as also in the valleys of the Danube. It is a finely comminuted sand or pulverulent loam of a yellowish colour, consisting chiefly of argillaceous matter, combined with a sixth part of carbonate of lime and a sixth of quartzose and micaceous sand. It is believed to be moraine mud of the Alpine glaciers. Loffet (lof), v.i. To laugh. Shak.

Loft (loft), n. [From same root as the verb lift (which see) and A. Sax. lyft, Sc. lift, air, sky, perhaps directly from the Scandinavian, the word occurring with same meaning and form in Dan. loft, a ceiling, loft; the Icel. form is lopt (pron. loft), the air, the sky, a loft or upper room. Vigfusson thinks that the latter may perhaps be the primitive meaning, that of air or sky being derived from the notion that the heavens formed a kind of ceiling; comp. heaven. The Icel. á lopt corresponds to E. a-loft.] 1. The room or space between a ceiling or flooring and the roof immediately above it; the space below and between the rafters; also a gallery or apartment, raised within a larger apartment, as in a church, hall, &c.

I also to the ball, and with much ado got up to the Loft, where with much trouble I could see very well. Pepys.

Acts xx. 9.

2. A floor or room above another; a story. Eutychus... fell down from the third loft and was taken up dead. Loft, adv. Highly.-On loft, on high; aloft. Chaucer.

Loftily (lof'ti-li), adv. In a lofty manner or position; in an elevated place; on high; fig.

69

lofty.] 1. Lifted high up; much elevated in place; high; as, a lofty tower; a lofty mountain.

See lofty Lebanon his head advance. Pope. 2. Elevated in condition or character; dignified.

Thus saith the high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy. Is. lvii. 15.

3. Indicative of pride or haughtiness; proud; haughty; as, lofty looks.

He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one; Exceeding wise, fair spoken, and persuading: Lofty and sour to them that lov'd him not. Shak. 4. Elevated in language or style; sublime; as, lofty strains; lofty rhyme.-5. Stately; dignified; as, lofty steps.-SYN. High, tall, exalted, dignified, stately, majestic, sublime, proud, haughty..

Log (log), n. [Icel. lág, a felled tree; allied perhaps to D. log, heavy, unwieldy. The word has the same form in Dutch, Danish, and German, but only the second meaning.] 1. A bulky piece or stick of timber unhewed. 2. Naut. an apparatus for measuring the rate of a ship's velocity through the water. The common log is a piece of board, forming the quadrant of a circle of about 6 inches radius, balanced by a small plate of lead nailed on the circular part, so as to swim perpendicularly in the water, with about two-thirds immersed under the surface. One end of a line, called the log-line, is fastened to the log, while the other is wound round a reel in the gallery of the ship. When at any time the log is thrown out of the ship while sailing, as soon as it touches the water it ceases to partake of the ship's motion, so that the ship goes on and leaves it behind, while the line is unwound from the reel, and the length of line unwound in a given time gives the rate of the ship's sailing. This is calculated by knots made on the line at certain distances, while the time is measured by a sand-glass of a certain number of seconds. The length between the knots is so proportioned to the time of the glass that the number of knots unwound while the glass runs down shows the number of miles the ship is sailing per hour. Thus, if the glass be a half-minute one, it will run down 120 times in an hour. Now, since a nautical mile contains about 6076 feet, the 120th part of this is about 50 feet; so that if the spaces between the knots be 50 feet, the number of knots and parts of a knot unwound from the reel in half a minute is the number of miles and parts of a mile the ship runs in one hour. The part of the line between the log and the first knot (about 5 fathoms) is called the stray-line.

Log of a Ship.

I did here for my own satisfaction try the swiftness of one of them. Sailing by our log we had twelve knots on our reel and she ran it all out before the half-minute glass was half out; which, if it had been no more, is after the rate of 12 mile an hour. Hence-3. The record of a ship's progress; a log-book. See LOG-BOOK. Log (log), v.i. In the United States, to cut down and get out pine-logs for sawing into boards, &c.

Dampier.

Log (log), n. [Heb. log, from lûg, to be hollow.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing according to some authors threequarters of a pint, according to others fivesixths of a pint. According to Arbuthnot, it was the seventy-second part of the bath or ephah, and the twelfth part of a hin. A meat-offering mingled with oil, and one log of Lev. xiv. 10.

oil.

proudly.

Did ever any conqueror, loftily seated in his triumphal chariot, yield a spectacle so gallant. Barrow. Loftiness (lof'ti-nes), n. The state or quality of being lofty or high; height; elevation; elevation of character or sentiment; the state of being elevated or puffed up by pride or vanity; grandeur; sublimity; haughtiness; arrogance.

We have heard the pride of Moab ness and his arrogancy.

his loftiJer. xlviii. 29.

Three poets in three distant ages born:... The first in loftiness of thought surpass'd; The next in majesty; in both the last. Dryden. Lofty (lof'ti), a. [From the stem loft (which see). Comp. A. Sax. lyften, G. luftig, aerial,

move irregularly, as a wheel loose on its axis; Dan. logre, to wag the tail; perhaps allied to lag.] To move to and fro; to rock. Logan, Loggan (log'an), n. [From log, to rock.] A rocking-stone; a large stone or rock so balanced as to be easily moved. Written also Loggan-stone. See ROCKING

LOGARITHMIC

4

5

or five-parted, corolla four-, five-, or tencleft, and stamens varying in number. Logacedic (log-a-ēd'ik), a. [Gr. logaoidikos, from logos, speech, prose, and aoide, song.] A term applied in Greek prosody to verses in which the dactylic measure passes into the trochaic, in such a manner that their rhythm resembles that of ordinary speech. Logarithm (log'a-rithm), n. [Fr.logarithme; Gr. logos, ratio, and arithmos, number.] The exponent of the power to which a given invariable number must be raised in order to produce another given number. Thus, in the common system of logarithms, in which the invariable number is 10, the logarithm of 1000 is 3, because 10 raised to the third power is 1000. In general, if ar=y, in which equation a is a given invariable number, then z is the logarithm of y. The invariable number is called the base of the system of logarithms. When the logarithms form a series in arithmetical progression, the corresponding natural numbers form a series in geometrical progression. Thus in the common system, Logarithms, 0 1 2 3 Natural numbers, 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Hence the logarithm of 1 is 0; the logarithm of 10 is 1; of 100, 2; of 1000, 3; and so on. The logarithms of numbers between 1 and 10 will consist of a decimal; those of numbers between 10 and 100 will consist of the integer 1 with some decimal; those of numbers between 100 and 1000 will consist of the integer 2 with some decimal; and so on. The integral part of a logarithm is called its index, and the number of units in the index is always less by 1 than the number of integer places in the number corresponding, or the number of integer places in any given number is always 1 more than the number of units in the index of its logarithm. Thus, the index of the logarithm of 5 is 0; of 25, 1; of 225, 2; and so on. The logarithms of decimals have negative indices, and the number of units in the index is always 1 greater than the number of ciphers immediately following the decimal point. Thus the index of the logarithm of 5 is -1; of '05, -2; of 005, 3. Logarithms are of great importance in facilitating the arithmetical operations of multiplication and division, involution and evolution; for the addition and subtraction of logarithms answer to the multiplication and division of their natural numbers. In like manner involution is performed by multiplying the logarithm of any number by the number denoting the required power; and evolution, by dividing the logarithm by the number denoting the required root. Logarithms are also of great value in trigonometrical and astronomical calculations; but for such calculations tables are required, in addition to those already mentioned, containing the logarithms of the sines, co-sines, tangents, co-tangents, secants, and co-secants, for every minute of the quadrant. Logarithms were invented about 1614 by John Napier of Merchiston, in Scotland; but the kind now chiefly in use were invented by Henry Briggs, professor of geometry in Gresham College at Oxford.-Arithmetical complement of a logarithm, the difference between the given logarithm and 10.-Hyperbolic or Napierian logarithms, those computed by John Speidell on the same base as that adopted by the inventor Napier, and so called because they are analogous to the areas of a right-angled hyperbola, between the asymptotes and the curve. The base is equal to 2-718281828 very nearly. The logarithms computed by Napier himself were only for sines, cosines, and the other functions of angles.

Logarithmetic, Logarithmetical (log'arith-met'ik, logʻa-rith-met"ik-al), a. Same as Logarithmic. [Rare.] Logarithmetically (log'a-rith-met'ik-al-li), adv. Same as Logarithmically. [Rare.] Logarithmic, Logarithmical (log-a-rith'mik, log-a-rith'mik-al), a. Pertaining to logarithms; consisting of logarithms.-Logarithmic or logistic curve, a curve so called from its properties and uses in explaining and constructing logarithms, because its ordinates are in geometrical progression, while the abscissas are in arithmetical progression; so that the abscissas are as the logarithms of the corresponding ordinates. -Logarithmic spiral or logistic spiral, a curve-line somewhat analogous to the common logarithmic curve. It intersects all its