addressing the reason, and leaving the heart unmoved. We must wait (he says) for the completion of the work, to see whether the historian will become more animated, in proportion as the interest of his narrative grows more lively; whether his style will not at the end have as much warmth and elevation, as the beginning has good taste and perspicuity.

Miscellaneous.-Madame de Genlis has written a large volume, On the Employment of Time, which however treats almost of every thing except the employment of time. Of the twenty-six chapters composing it, nine of them are upon testaments, duty, vice and virtue, false glory, prejudices, literary glory, sensibility and egotism: eight other chapters are employed on modern civilization; they are a long tirade against the present age, against modern inventions and modern philosophers. Whether in thus waging a bellum ad internecionem against Diderot, Rousseau, Voltaire, &c. Madame de Genlis is making good use of time, is a question that may be properly asked. The reader, of course, needs not be told that in a work of Madame de Genlis there are parts that give evidence of superior talent, and prove that the style of Madame de Genlis has not lost any thing of its elegance or its correctness. Such is the chapter on Old Age, which she ingeniously compares "to the end of a great harvest in threatening weather, when we hasten to bring under cover all that we have gathered; every moment is precious; we are unwilling to lose a single one."The Norman Knights in Italy and Sicily, and General Reflections on the History of Chivalry, particularly that of Chivalry in France, by Madame V. de C. **** is highly spoken of by the only journal in which we have observed any mention of it. An Essay on the Education of Women, by the late Countess of Remusat, published by her son, is a very interesting work, and does great honour to the heart and the understanding of the author. The French academy has adjudged the prize of 6000 francs for the work most useful to morals, published in the course of the year, to the Essay on Moral Philosophy, or the different

Systems of the Science of Life, by M. Droz.

GERMANY.

We have very little to report this month, and of the few works that we shall have to name, we shall not be able to say much of our own knowledge.-Seven Years, a Contribution towards the Secret History of a Northern Kingdom, edited by L. Kruse, 4 vols. We have seen some excellent tales by this author, and have no doubt that a work in which he is concerned must be interesting.-The Maid of Ithaca, or Ulysses' Crown, 2 vols. by Dr. C. Müller. A journey made by the author in the Ionian Islands, a long residence in Italy and Sicily, and chiefly the discovery of an ancient Greek gold crown in some ruins in Ithaca, asserted to belong to the palace of Ulysses, have led him to write this novel, in which he has interwoven the interesting results of his travels. An anonymous author having had considerable success in a literary hoax on the public, and on Goethe, by publishing a continuation of that author's celebrated work, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, before the author had published the genuine continuation, which had long been advertised, by the title of W. Meister's Wanderjahre, has now thought fit to produce the first volume of the third division of the hero's adventures, under the title of W. Meister's Meisterjahre. This is a poor production, much inferior to the false Wanderjahre, of which, however, the third volumes was by no means equal to the first two. The Seefahrer (Mariners), a novel, in three volumes, is spoken of in very high terms.— A Dictionary of Painters, without the author's name, in one vol. has considerable merit, but unfortunately numerous errors and omissions.-An Encyclopedia of Sciences, Arts, and Professions, publishing at Altenburg, deserves mention. Two volumes have appeared, and the remainder will be given to the public with as little delay as is consistent with the nature of the work: it is remarkable for the great number of articles, and for the concise yet perspicuous manner in which they are treated. It is almost needless to say, that nearly every book of any note published in France or England is immediately translated into German.

RUSSIA.

Commodore Krusenstern has just published the first half of the Atlas of the Southern Ocean. This part of the atlas consists of one general and nineteen special charts, accompanied with a quarto volume of 400 pages explanatory text. The second part, containing the northern half of the Pacific Ocean, will not be ready in less than two years. This work, in the Russian language, is published at the expense of the Emperor, who has ordered M. Krusenstern to prepare an edition in French, which is nearly ready, and will appear in the course of the summer.-A young poet, of the name of Puschkin, whose first production, written when he was only thirteen years of age, was received with great and perhaps too

great enthusiasm, and who has since written numerous elegant and highly admired poems, has completed a new one, under the title of the Fountain of Baktschisserai, for which M. Ponamarew, a bookseller at Moscow, has just given 3000 rubles; which, as there are only 600 lines, is five rubles per line--a thing never before heard of in Russia.-The 10th and 11th volumes of Karamsin's History of the Russian Empire are published.

DENMARK.

The celebrated Professor Oersted is preparing a Chemical Nomenclature. Professor Rasmussen has published the first volume of a Danish translation of the Arabian Nights, from an Arabic edition published at Calcutta.

We are truly grieved at being obliged to place in the very front of our foreign intelligence for this month an event, which we are sure every lover of freedom, literature, and religion, will deplore, namely, a considerable advantage obtained by the Turks in the capture of the Grecian island of Ipsara. The loss of the island itself, though undoubtedly, considering the circumstances under which it took place, a heavy calamity, is nevertheless of little effect compared with the moral consequences likely to ensue from it to the cause in general. The various sources whence this intelligence comes leaves but little doubt of its authenticity, and they all attribute it to a cause from which the Greeks have more to fear perhaps than any other,-internal treachery. It seems the principal fort of Ipsara was garrisoned by a species of force called Schypetars, amounting to fifteen hundred. Khoreb, the Capitan Pacha, who had been lying at anchor at Mytilene for two months, contrived to corrupt this mercenary garrison, of fering to each man, it is said, 1000 piastres for the surrender of the batteries with the defence of which they were entrusted. The unfortunate Ipsariots, when informed that their island was to be the object of attack,

prepared with the best spirit for a vigorous resistance. The sacrament was universally administered, and they resolved to die in arms. The plan suggested was to attack the Turkish fleet with fire ships, while the batteries on shore kept up a fire upon their navy. At five o'clock on the morning of the 4th of July the Turkish squadron approached the harbour-the batteries were silent, and the forts garrisoned by the Schypetars hoisted Turkish colours! The loyal Greeks hastened to the spot, and found that the guns were spiked by those who were appointed to defend them, and who now turned their arms against their employers. The treason was but too manifest. The Ipsariot sailors commenced a terrible fire upon the larger Turkish vessels which could not, for want of depth, approach the shore, and as many of the Christians as could, embarked on board the Grecian ships and escaped. Those who were not able to embark escaped to the mountains. About eight, the Osmanlis effected a landing and the city was fired. The entire time after the disembarkation until the place was reduced to a mere desart, was employed in battle, massacres, and conflagration. The extermination was complete, and it would appear that the

monster who directed this desolation at last grew blood-sick, as he offered a reward of 500 piastres to any one who would bring in a prisoner alive; the offer was useless-such was the excess of the thirst after human life over that after gain, that not a single reward was claimed-they could not even be bribed into humanity. We may, however, in some degree estimate the sincerity of the tempter's mercy from the fact, that on the 8th of July the heads of old men, women, and children, appended to the masts of his vessels, amounted to 7,300! These of course are intended to feast the eyes of the Christian ambassadors at Constantinople! It is a remarkable incident, that the very first victims who fell beneath the invaders' swords were the treacherous Schypetars! This is as it should be-it conveys a double lesson -it shows the fate which traitors ought to suffer, and it shows that those never can be trusted who proceed by corrupting the fidelity of others. On the 13th, the Capitan Pacha returned to Mytilene with twelve vessels which he had captured. About 2000 of the Greek sailors, thirty of their best ships, and the primates, succeeded in reaching Samos. It is a consolation to think that, amid such profligate treachery, there were found many Greeks who defended their country in a way worthy of its name and cause; the Turks admit the loss of 1500 men, and are compelled to do credit to the valour of their adversaries-a valour rendered ineffectual unfortunately by the treachery which counteracted it. Though the island of Ipsara, now only the tomb of its natives, for not one survivor remains, was small in extent, and is, territorially, but of little consequence, still it is much to be feared that the fraud by which its capture was consummated may produce a very unfavourable effect upon the cause. To the loss of Ipsara we are unfortunately obliged to add that of another small island called Cago. It was taken after an obstinate conflict, by the Egyptian squadron under Ismael Gibraltar. The loss of the Greeks at Cago is stated at between 4 and 500 men, who, however, perished bravely with arms in their hands; the usual Turkish cruelties followed the capture of the place. In

some of the French papers there is a report extracted from the Gazette of Augsburg, that the fleet of the Capitan Pacha had been subsequently on the 24th attacked by the Hydriots and Spezziots, and had sustained considerable damage; it is, however, our duty to add, that this intelligence comes by way of Odessa, and is given merely as a report. Another rumour is, that a Turkish column has been cut off at Thermopyla, having got between two fires, in consequence of Odusseus having quitted Athens for a short time. We shall be most happy in our next to be enabled to confirm these rumours; but, in the mean time, we must repeat that the good news rests merely on report, while the bad is too fatally confirmed.

We had considerable hopes of being able this month to present our readers with pleasing, and, as it appeared, decisive intelligence from Peru, but the interval which has elapsed without its confirmation. strongly disinclines us from believing it accurate, though we are bound to give it as it has reached us. It rests on the authority of a letter from Guyaquil, received by a mercantile house in Liverpool, and goes the length of declaring the entire defeat of the Royalists in Peru, and the reoccupation of Lima, by Bolivar. According to this account, the Liberator, who had his head-quarters at Truxillo, and his advanced posts towards Lima, so manœuvred with a semblance of retreat, as to draw the enemy, consisting of 6000 men, in advance upon Truxillo, on the main road to which place he met them with a superior force, and completely routed them, their General Canterac having been wounded in the very onset. The consequence was their destruction, with the exception of seven or eight hundred men, who surrendered as prisoners of war. This news is far from being confirmed; on the contrary, a proclamation from Bolivar, dated from his head-quarters at Patavilea, induces us to think his situation any thing rather than prosperous; we are the more inclined to believe this from the fact that two levies of 5000 men each have been voted for his support by the Colombian government. If we are to believe some later representa

tions, the expedition to Peru has not met with the support from the people of that country which it ought to be their duty, and is their manifest interest to afford. Insidious agents of Spain have contrived to excite a prejudice against Bolivar; and those who never acted on a principle of patriotism in their lives affect to decry the man whose entire life has been influenced by nothing else. The miserable state of the mother country, however, and the activity hitherto displayed by the patriots, lead us to hope, that even in Peru, which is confessedly the most Royalist province of all South America, the flag of Ferdinand will soon be trampled down. From Mexico we may now daily expect intelligence of interest. Bravo, who was elected dictator, has entirely disconcerted the schemes of his principal domestic resident opponent Quintanar, and had entered the city of Guadalaxara in triumph. There are as yet no accounts of the progress of Iturbide, or to what part of the coast he had directed his course. Various are the conjectures on this subject, but they are all vague and contradictory; and, indeed, it is not very probable that he would have confided his intentions on such an expedition in any quarter where they would be in danger of being divulged. By accounts from Philadelphia, however, we learn that the appearance of the late Emperor was expected, and the Congress of Mexico has passed a decree, declaring Don Augustin de Iturbide a traitor from the moment he may appear in any part of the Mexican republic, and adjudging the fate of traitors to all who may favour his

return.

Accounts have been received from our devoted countrymen at Cape Coast Castle, dated the 31st of May. It appears that Major Chisholm, upon whom the command devolved after the death of the Governor, determined to attack the Ashantees, who were encamped within five miles of the Castle, and for this purpose had the paths to the enemy's camp cut and cleared away with considerable labour. The engagement was sanguinary, and lasted for five hours, when at length the enemy gave way, after experiencing a very consider able loss. We had about 160 killed and 800 wounded, and our allies,

the Fantees, so misconducted themselves, that not only was Major Chisholm prevented from continuing the pursuit, but he was obliged to take up the same position which he had occupied previous to the battle. The Ashantees retreated for two days, but were subsequently joined by their king with reinforcements, which increased his army to the amount of 16,000 men. They were again within five miles of the Castle, and our troops were engaged in making every preparation to avert the attack which was hourly expected. What the fate of these brave men will be, it is difficult to anticipate. We have to add with horror and grief, that it now appears, that the gallant Sir Charles McCarthy was actually roasted alive by his barbarous captors! We again and again ask, for what political, commercial, or territorial advantage we continue to mark with the graves of our unfortunate countrymen the progress of our fatal incursion amongst these savages?

The intelligence from Jamaica proves, that every day the situation of our West India possessions is becoming more and more precarious. Insurrections have taken place upon many of the estates, and the spirit of insubordination had so spread, that it was impossible to say what place was free from it. On some occasions bodies of from 50 to 100 each have deserted and joined the Maroons in the woods, and others were naturally expected to follow their example. It seems the generality of the negroes have taken up the fancy, that Mr. Wilberforce and the King" have granted them their emancipation, and that the principal men upon the different estates alone prevent the operation of this boon to them. The consequence is, their deaths have been decreed. Such is the determined spirit of these men, that on several occasions the ringleaders, when taken, have actually ripped out their own bowels, as if at once to evince their fortitude and defy their judges. The most gloomy feeling prevailed over all Jamaica, and those who seem seldom to have felt for others, are now at last beginning to feel for themselves. They seem to excite here but little sympathy-can they be surprised at it?

The war with Algiers has not

lasted long enough to give Mr. Croker a chance of asking with any modesty for his war salary, as we find by the following pithy extract from the Gazette of the 17th. "The Right Hon. Geo. Canning, one of his Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, has this day notified, by the command of his Majesty, to the Ministers of Foreign Powers resident at this Court, that in consequence of the satisfactory issue of the negociations between the Commander of his Majesty's naval forces off Algiers and the Government of that Regency, the blockade of that port has been discontinued." What the cause of this quarrel was has not very plainly appeared before the public. It seems, however, that after a few shots on the part of our blockading force, which was about to commence a bombardment, the Dey signed the terms required, and hostilities were terminated.

The intelligence from France furnishes nothing either very new or very interesting, as we fancy few of our readers care much about the selfish squabbles for power between Messieurs Villele and Chateaubriand. Baron Damas, the Secretary at War, has been appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs in the room of the latter personage, and a number of subsequent arrangements have succeeded. The contest, however, is still carried on with vigour, and M. Chateaubriand has been deprived of one of his principal allies, the Press. We stated in our last, the vigorous literary assaults of Chateaubriand, and his partisans, hinting at the same time the efficacy, in every place, but particularly in Paris, of such a powerful instrument. The truth is, there is at present in Europe no man strong enough to resist long the formidable associated hostility of the Press. It is really, as it has emphatically been called, a new estate. M. Villele seems to have fully agreed with our view of the question, for no sooner have the Chambers adjourned than he immediately re-established the censorship. The reason which the French ordinance gives for this is curious, and such as we must leave the construction of to the sagacity of our readers. It says, "considering that the jurisprudence of our courts of justice has lately

admitted for the journals an existence de jure, independent of their exis-> tence de facto: that this interpretation furnishes a sure and easy means of eluding the suspension and suppression of the journals." Accordingly, as he could not put the Press down, through the servile instrumentality of the law courts (and it speaks well for them) he resorts to the short cut of a royal ordinance. We cannot say we blame him, situated as France is; there can be no doubt his opponent would have, without scruple, resorted to the same means, if he considered them necessary to that personal interest which has through life been the polar star of his actions. It is said that Villele has had the address to secure the good graces of the heir-apparent to the throne; so that his power is not likely to be affected by the dailyexpected demise of the Sovereign. Private letters speak in deplorable terms of the state of Louis' health; and, indeed, his life, the gift of nature originally, seems now to have been handed over by her totally to the custody of art. Louis may be said to be a living monument to the science of medicine. In addition to the tribute which the French courts have paid to the laws, in the instance of the Press, we may add, that twenty-six Frenchmen, who were tried at Toulouse on a charge of having borne arms against their country in Spain, were acquitted by a jury. La Fayette, the veteran of liberty, has embarked for America, on board the American ship Cadmus. She is a private vessel, he having refused the conveyance of a frigate offered him by the Congress. No doubt we shall soon have to record the triumphal and well-merited honours with which America will receive him. His departure from France has, indeed, been in itself a kind of triumph; and, considering present circumstances, is not a little remarkable. The embarkation took place at Havre, and the army were obliged to be called out in order to repress the enthusiasm of the people. As he passed through the town to the harbour he was followed by a numerous retinue, and preceded by fifty young men dressed in black and uncovered. The people, prevented from paying their homage