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to him on shore, jumped into the in the French papers, and such a boats, and surrounded the Cadmus doubt sufficiently speaks the nature with shouts of "Vive La Fayette," of their allegiance. Ferdinand himwhich were re-echoed by the crews self is in a small village called Saceof all the American vessels in the don, occupied alternately in framing road, who had, in compliment to their violent decrees, and regulating a guest, hoisted the national flag. "On little theatre which he attends every this occasion," says the private letter evening, accompanied by his now from which we extract this account, favourite, M. de Colamarde, and "M. de Villele has more reason to where he himself performs the funcboast of his zeal than his address." tions of the police, ordering silence We were the first to announce, in our with his own legitimate voice. It last, the probable publication of Na- is said, that the famous Empecinado, poleon's Will, and the fact has since who was in prison at Boa, has been proved the authenticity of our intel- released, partly by force and partly ligence. The conduct of the French by stratagem; we hope it may turn government on this subject is ludi- out so. crous. Finding they cannot deny its genuineness, they affect to despise and denounce it, taking care at the same time, however, to close the eyes of the French people against its possible perusal. The editors of the Courier Français were imprudent enough to insert it, and the whole impression was instantly confiscated by the police.

We believe that we alluded in our last to the arrival of Haytian commissioners in Paris; these commissioners, it is said, had proceeded thither at the express request of M. de Villele; but after much negocia tion it appeared that, as a sine qua non, the independence of their republic was insisted on by the Hay tians, and this France not being disposed to concede, the commissioners departed. It is not easy to conceive what rational hope France can now entertain of the recovery of her empire over St. Domingo.

The accounts from Spain are just such as might have been expected. Amongst the people themselves there is nothing but distrust or hatred; and the animosity against their French protectors has risen to such a height, that it is said General Digeon has formally demanded his recall from his government, unless Ferdinand be restrained in the odious policy which he is pursuing. Open combats have taken place even in the streets of Madrid, between the French and Spanish soldiery; and Digeon had at length succeeded in getting two Spanish regiments, which were under the orders of Quesada in the capital, removed to Ceuta, a kind of exile; their concurrence, however, in this demand is doubted

The Spanish government are deplorably in want of money, and, as a dernier resort, Ferdinand is said to have entered into a contract with some English resident speculators, to let to them for certain fixed sums the privilege of collecting the duties on the entry of the merchandise into the large towns! In the meantime the measure of the purification, as it is called, is proceeding in with great vigour; it is, in fact, a mean subterfuge by which obnoxious persons may be sacrificed under the colour of an official investigation. Amongst those who were declared by the judges impurificado, is the celebrated General Castanos, who, of course, must quit the capital. Ferdinand, it appears, is so angry with the King of Portugal for having convened the Cortes, that he refuses to send a representative to that Court. doubt he must be highly delighted at the vigorous measures of his brother of Austria, who has actually issued a decree prohibiting three or four English ladies and Lord Holland from entering his dominions; the charge against the latter is, that he is such a radica!! The Pope too ought to come in for his share of favour, he having by a late Bull restored the Jesuits, in which holy order the nephew of Chateaubriand has just been enrolled.

No

By advices which have been received from the Brazils, we learn that a great alarm existed at Rio Janeiro, relative to an expected invasion from Portugal. The blockade of Pernambuco was raised, and all the vessels employed in it were recalled for the defence of the capital. The Emperor had issued two very strong proclamations, one addressed

cause.

to the Pernambucans, the other to the people, calling on them to arm and unite in the common Lord Cochrane had had, it seems, some serious differences with the government, relative to a dilatory adjudication, with respect to several of his Portuguese prizes, and had gone on board his ship the Pedro Primeiro, with the resolution of not again landing, unless his demands were complied with. The government in their alarm, however, took the necessary measures to conciliate him, and his Lordship was using every exertion to prepare a fleet for sea!

We have thus, with considerable labour, gleaned the foregoing summary of foreign affairs from very barren journals. Our domestic ab stract is, however, completely a blank. The papers are filled with the Assize intelligence, and must, we fear, depend upon police offices, when the circuits are over. We may add, however, that if the weather should continue favourable, there is every chance of a most abundant harvest. A vague report is in circulation, that his Majesty meditates a continental tour.

AGRICULTURE.

THE harvest has generally commenced, and with every appearance, if the weather proves favourable for housing, that it will be found a full average crop. The reports from all parts of the kingdom, with scarcely an exception, are most promising. In one or two of the counties indeed, mildew and rust are alluded to, but in such terms as not to indicate the slightest apprehension that the growth will be injured to any extent. Upon some of the best soils the corn has been laid by the torrents of rain which have fallen in some districts of the kingdom, but in most, even of those places where the crop has not been excessively heavy or the rain of any continuance, it has recovered. Nor is wheat the only good crop of which this harvest will have to boast. Oats are said to be very abundant and very productive, particularly in the West Riding of Yorkshire; and if the months of September and October, say the inhabitants of that district, continue favourable, this crop, which on the elevated parts exhibits such an appearance of plenty as is seldom witnessed, will be got up in fine order, and the population will be blessed with a most abundant supply of their cheap and favourite food, oatmeal. The barley crop has never entirely rallied from

the effects of the cold on its early growth; but it still promises better than was expected, although it will not probably reach an average crop. Both peas and beans are excellent, and turnips every where most magnificent, and upon the whole, the latter part of the season may be considered as most propitious for agricultural produce generally.

From such appearances, as well as from the stagnant state of the market, notwithstanding the comparative smallness of the supply, it may be fairly inferred that the price of grain will continue to fall as soon as the actual productiveness of the crop can be ascertained. The question so often discussed, whether the kingdom grows sufficient for its own consumption, has completely been set at rest by the results of the last two years. This opinion is founded upon the following facts. The average importation of the 27 years, ending Jan. 5, 1819, was 500,000 quarters per annum. The importation of the year 1818, which amounted to 1,509,886 quarters, must therefore be taken to have supplied the markets for the ensuing three years, ending 1822; and the market may at that period be supposed perfectly clear of foreign wheat, and the effects of importation in suspending the case, the year from the harvest of 1822 the home supply to be past. Such being to the harvest of 1823, may be said to have met the entire demand of the kingdom, and upon the following grounds.

The harvest of 1822 was very late, and therefore, even if that of 1823 had taken place at its usual period, there would still have been left a shorter time for the consumption of the crop of that year. But it so happened that the harvest of 1823 was very early, and therefore the period between the two harvests was much shortened, and the quantity of wheat that must remain over the demand would be still greater, and this crop was allowed to be deficient at least one-third. The harvest of this year is now general, not particularly early, and yet the kingdom has had no occasion for a foreign supply. The markets rose immediately after the last harvest, from the general impression that the crop was very deficient, and therefore that the ports would open previous to the present harvest. The rise was also increased by the power which both the farmer and merchant possessed, in consequence of the change of the times and abundance of money, to hold their stock. Another cause was added to these in the anxiety of the millers to buy, as a rise in the price of flour would naturally follow. But notwithstanding these circumstances the supply has been found amply sufficient to meet the demand, and yet not so great as to drain the country.

If then, with a crop allowed on all hands to be deficient in so great a degree, without

the aid of foreign importation, with a population far more numerous, and with all other circumstances conjoined, the markets have not upon the average of the year risen above 67s. or 68s. per quarter, it must inevitably follow that under such an appearance as the crop now presents, with a surplus from a deficient year, and with a stagnant trade, the price must fall indefinitely. Besides these circumstances, other facts bear out very strongly this opinion. The actual quantity of wheat which arrived coastwise at the Port of London, during the four weeks, commencing July 28, and ending August 18, 1823, amounted to 40,393 quarters, while the quantity that arrived in the four weeks, beginning July 26, and ending August 16, 1824, was only 23,478 quarters, leaving a deficit this year of 16,915 quarters. The quantity actually sold in the same period of 1823 was 30,667 quarters, while in 1824 no more than 22,900 quarters were disposed of, being less than the number of quarters sold in 1823 by 7667 quarters. The number of sacks of flour during the same period which arrived was in 1823, 40,934; and in 1824, 26,417 sacks, being a decrease of 14,517 sacks in the four weeks. Nothing can prove more strongly the fact that the kingdom can maintain its population than these statements, because they show that notwithstanding the decrease in the quantity of wheat, the millers are so sure of a fall as to make them disregard the flux of water, or, if not true, they have a sufficient stock in hand to carry them through until after harvest, when they expect the decline. The small arrivals of flour also demonstrate that the bakers have either a great stock, and can and will wait; or will buy only as they require it. If, therefore, the demand was great, the price must have risen, instead of which it has fallen. From all these facts we are led to conclude that there must be an indefinite decline in the price of grain, as soon as the present crop comes into the market.

A great sensation has been caused by the return made of oats sold in Mark Lane, during the week ending August 7. The quantity returned was 27,543 quarters, and at an average of 30s. 4d. Such an immense number of transactions has surprised every one, and it is very much doubted whether there was a sufficient quantity in the market to make the number of bona fide sales that have been returned to the officer. The rise in the price has been caused, it is said, by effecting joint sales of Irish on English oats, and by deducting 10 or 12 shillings per quarter from the Irish, and adding it to the English, thus making it appear that the former has been sold at 10 or 12 shillings a quarter, and the latter at between 30 and 40. It is thought that the receiver will not reject this return

from the averages as his principal. The President of the Board of Trade is abroad, and the question will therefore be left for investigation.

The weekly average arrivals have been of wheat, 5869 qrs.; barley, 575 qrs.; oats, 12,244 qrs.; English flour, 6549 sacks; Irish ditto, 55 barrels.

The average price for wheat, 58s. ld. ; barley, 33s. 6d. ; oats, 25s. 10d.

The wool fairs have been generally well attended. At Lewes, pure down fetched from 36s. to 37s. per tod. Half-bred Leicester and down, 53s. 6d. and pure Leicester, 32s. At Northampton, the average was from 29s. to 30s. At York, hog wool was sold at 17s. 6d. per stone of 16 lbs. and hog and ewe at 15s. 6d.

The hop plantations have greatly improved, and they are now coming into burr.. Those grounds which are backward will do but very little, but the good ones will produce full an average crop. The duty has consequently risen.

The beef trade in Smithfield is very heavy, and but little doing. The price of mutton and lamb has fallen, and the top price of the former for the general trade is about 4s. 2d. per stone, while beef reaches not more than from 38. 6d. to 4s.

COMMERCE.

Aug. 24, 1824. No remarkable alterations have taken place since our last in the foreign commercial relations of the kingdom; but a commercial treaty is now pending with the kingdom of the Netherlands, which it is hoped may establish a liberal system of reciprocal advantage; meantime the Dutch government has ordered that, till the treaty in question shall be concluded, goods imported from the ports of the United Kingdom, under the English flag, shall pay no more duty than those imported under the flag of the Netherlands, with the exception of certain goods, which have hitherto enjoyed exemptions when imported in Netherland ships. A treaty has actually been concluded with Denmark on the basis of reciprocity.

Cotton. The market has been on the whole rather dull for the last month; however there was more inquiry last week for the lower descriptions of Bengal cotton for export, but the market generally for India has been heavy; the Madras were taken for consumption, as well as most of the Brazils. The sales are 1790 bags, as follows, viz.-580 Bengals, ordinary to middling 51d. and 54d.; fair and good fair 5d. to 5d; good 5d. to 6d. ; 100 Surats, fair to good fair 5d. to 6fd.; 340 Madras, good fair to good 63d. to 6fd. very good 64d.; 450 Pernams, 10 d. to 11d.; 120 Paras, 94d.; 200 Boweds, 8d. to 84. The Liverpool market has like

wise been dull. The sales in five weeks from July 17 to August 21, were 48,800 bags. Arrivals, 31,357 bags.

Sugar. The business done in Muscovades for this month past is extremely extensive. In the week ending August 3, 5000 hogsheads were sold, but without advance in the prices, the holders being ready to sell at the currency of the day. In the following week 7000 hogsheads were sold in four days, (the low prices and alarming news from Jamaica inducing buyers to come forward,) without any advance, till Tuesday 10th, when an advance of 6d. to 1s. per cwt. was asked. The same alarm caused similar effects the ensuing week. 7000 hogsheads were sold from Tuesday to Friday, and more would have been disposed of, but that a considerable advance had taken place, and many holders entirely withdrew their sugars from the market, anticipating much higher prices; the advance was 1s. to 1s. 6d. on brown, and 1s. 6d. to 28. on finer Muscovades.

The advance asked last week prevented the usual purchases: the prices were however supported, but the sales were inconsiderable.

There appears a greater disposition among the buyers to purchase Muscovades this forenoon, and though the sales are not extensive, yet the market appears improving; there is no alteration in the prices.

The public sale of Barbadoes Sugar this forenoon, 156 hhds, went off freely about 18. per cwt. higher than the previous sales.

In the Refined market there was little variation in the prices; the fine goods maintained the late advance, and low goods were scarce, and commanded high rates.

In the Refined market this forenoon there is no variation in the prices, but the buyers appear more inclined to do business; fine goods are partially in request.-Molasses are rather heavy, 26s. to 25s. 6d.

In Foreign Sugars the purchases reported were not extensive; some good white Havannah Sugars sold at 38s. 6d.

Coffee. The market though fluctuating has on the whole been favourable, and prices advancing, the sales have been very extensive.

The public sales of last week went off with considerable briskness, and the late advance was firmly maintained; St. Domingo sold freely at 62s. to 62s. 6d.; Havannah 59s. to 63s.; good ordinary Jamaica 59s. to 62s.; fine ordinary 64s. to 668.

It was anticipated the opening of the Ports for Foreign Oats would greatly improve the Coffee market, but the event has not produced such a great effect as was generally looked for; good and fine ordinary Jamaica, however, sold 1s. to 28. higher

to-day; St. Domingo at 63s.; in the other qualities there is little variation. The public sale this forenoon, 327 casks Jamaica and Dominica, sold freely; good ordinary rank Jamaica 61s. to 62s.; fine fine ordinary 698.; Dominica sold at the previous prices.

Spices.-East India Company's Sale, 9th inst.-Saltpetre, 546 tons, private trade, sold at 22s. to 23s. 6d.; pepper, black, 4552 bags, 5d. to 64d.; ditto white, 75 bags Company's, 15ğd. to 16 d.—Cinnamon, 451 bales, 1st quality, 68. 7d. to 6s. 11d.; 166, 2d quality, 5s. 7d. to 58. 10d.; 36, 3d quality, 4s. 7d.-Cloves, Bourbon, 1s. 11d. to 28. 2d.; Bencoolen, 28. 1d. to 2s. 11d.-Mace, 17 casks, 1st quality, 4s. 7d.-Nutmegs, 500 casks, ungarbled, 2s. 7d. to 2s. 11d.-Cassia lignea, 5l. 16s. to 71. 2s.-Cassia buds, 107. 14s. to 147. 18.-Ginger, 22s. to 22s. 6d.

At this sale the chief article of attraction was nutmegs, which sold with much spirit, owing, chiefly, to the reduced stock on hand; all other spices went off heavily.

Company's stock on hand the 1st of August:--Nutmegs, 336,400 unsold, 125,500 in buyers' hands.-Mace, 74,500 unsold, 31,792 in buyers' hands.

Oils. The reports from the Greenland fishery have been rather unfavourable, but not authenticated sufficiently to cause much alteration in the market: the latest accounts are rather better, but prices are unchanged. General price 227. for parcels here, and for arrival 231.

Hemp, Flax, and Tallow.-Tallow has improved, and the advance is firmly maintained; yellow candle tallow, 1823, is still 35s. 9d., and for new 36s. 3d.; tallow for August and September shipments 36s. 6d. to 36s. 9d.; in hemp or flax there is little alteration to notice; hemp for July and August shipments 36s. 10d.

At the close of the market to-day, tallow was lower; for 1823, 35s. 6d. ; and new 36s.; sellers at these prices.

Silk. The silk trade continues very brisk, but there is little variation in the prices.

Rum, Brandy, and Hollands.-The rum market continues firm, but the business lately reported is not extensive; proof Leewards and 1 and 2 over 1s. 4d.; the late prices for stronger qualities are also maintained. The accounts from France as to the appearance of the vines are still unfavourable, and there is no doubt there will be a great deficiency compared with the previous year (which was uncommonly productive).—The nearest price for brandy housed is 2s. 7d.; for arrival in cargoes no transactions are reported.-Geneva continues to advance; for pale 1s. 9d. is the nearest quotation.

LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

The following works are in the press:A Poetical Work, entitled the Bar, with Sketches of eminent Judges, Barristers, &c. and with copious Notes.

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Who wrote Icon Basilikè? considered
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Elements of the Art of Dyeing. By C. L. and A. B. Berthollet. Translated from the French by Andrew Ure, MD. FRS. 2 Vols. 8vo. Il. 4s.

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