procedure for processing applications under this subsection and for the entry of orders shall be the same as that provided for in the fourth and fifth paragraphs of subsection (e).

"In appointing a temporary voting referee the court shall make its selection from a panel provided by the Judicial Conference of the circuit. Any temporary voting referee shall be a resident and a qualified voter of the State in which he is to serve. He shall subscribe to the oath of office required by section 1757 of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 16), and shall to the extent not inconsistent here with have all the powers conferred upon a master by rule 53(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The compensation to be allowed any persons appointed by the district court pursuant to this subsection shall be fixed by the court and shall be payable by the United States. In the event that the district court shall appoint a retired officer or employee of the United States to serve as a temporary voting referee, such officer or employee shall continue to receive, in addition to any compensation for services rendered pursuant to this subsection, all retirement benefits to which he may otherwise be entitled.

"The court or temporary voting referee shall entertain applications and the court shall issue orders pursuant to this subsection until final disposition of the proceeding under subsection (c), including any review, or until the finding of a pattern or practice pursuant to subsection (e), whichever shall first occur. Applications pursuant to this subsection shall be determined expeditiously, and this subsection shall in no way be construed as a limitation upon the existing powers of the court.

"When used in this subsection, the words 'Federal election' shall mean any general, special, or primary election held solely or in part for the purpose of electing or selecting any candidate for the office of President, Vice President, presidential elector, Member of the Senate, or Member of the House of Representatives; the words 'State election' shall mean any other general, special, or primary election held solely or in part for the purpose of electing or selecting any candidate for public office; the words 'affected area' shall mean that county, parish, or similar subdivision of the State in which the laws of the State relating to voting are or have been administered by a person who is a defendant in the proceeding instituted under subsection (c) on the date the original complaint is filed; and the words 'voting age persons' shall mean those persons who meet the age requirements of State law for voting."

(d) Add the following subsection "(h)":

"(h) In any civil action brought in any district court of the United States under this section or title III of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (42 U.S.C. 1974-74e; 74 Stat. 88) wherein the United States or the Attorney General is plaintiff, it shall be the duty of the chief judge of the district (or in his absence, the acting chief judge) in which the case is pending immediately to designate a judge in such district to hear and determine the case. In the event that no judge in the district is available to hear and determine the case, the chief judge of the district, or the acting chief judge, as the case may be, shall certify this fact to the chief judge of the circuit (or in his absence, the acting chief judge) who shall then designate a district or circuit judge of the circuit to hear and determine the case.

"It shall be the duty of the judge designated pursuant to this section to assign the case for hearing at the earliest practicable date and to cause the case to be in every way expedited."

TITLE II-INJUNCTIVE RELIEF AGAINST DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS

FINDINGS

SEC. 201. (a) The American people have become increasingly mobile during the last generation, and millions of American citizens travel each year from State to State by rail, air, bus, automobile, and other means. A substantial number of such travelers are members of minority racial and religious groups. These citizens, particularly Negroes, are subjected in many places to discrimination and segregation, and they are frequently unable to obtain the goods and services available to other interstate travelers.

(b) Negroes and members of other minority groups who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate lodging accommodations during their travels, with the result that they may be compelled to stay at hotels or motels of poor and inferior quality, travel great distances from their normal routes to find adequate accommodations, or make detailed arrangements for lodging far in advance of scheduled interstate travel.

(c) Negroes and members of other minority groups who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate food service at convenient places along their routes, with the result that many are dissuaded from traveling interstate, while others must travel considerable distances from their intended routes in order to obtain adequate food service.

(d) Goods, services, and persons in the amusement and entertainment industries commonly move in interstate commerce, and the entire American people benefit from the increased cultural and recreational opportunities afforded thereby. Practices of audience discrimination and segregation artificially restrict the number of persons to whom the interstate amusement and entertainment industries may offer their goods and services. The burdens imposed on interstate commerce by such practices and the obstructions to the free flow of commerce which result therefrom are serious and substantial.

(e) Retail establishments in all States of the Union purchase a wide variety and a large volume of goods from business concerns located in other States and in foreign nations. Discriminatory practices in such establishments, which in some instances have led to the withholding of patronage by those affected by such practices, inhibit and restrict the normal distribution of goods in the interstate market.

(f) Fraternal, religious, scientific, and other organizations engaged in interstate operations are frequently dissuaded from holding conventions in cities which they would otherwise select because the public facilities in such cities are either not open to all members of racial or religious minority groups or are available on a segregated basis.

(g) Business organizations are frequently hampered in obtaining the services of skilled workers and persons in the professions who are likely to encounter discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin in restaurants, retail stores, and places of amusement in the area where their services are needed. Business organizations which seek to avoid subjecting their employees to such discrimination and to avoid the strife resulting therefrom are restricted in the choice of location for their offices and plants. Such discrimination thus reduces the mobility of the national labor force and prevents the most effective allocation of national resources, including the interstate movement of industries, particularly in some of the areas of the Nation most in need of industrial and commercial expansion and development.

(h) The discriminatory practices described above are in all cases encouraged, fostered, or tolerated in some degree by the governmental authorities of the States in which they occur, which license or protect the businesses involved by means of laws and ordinances and the activities of their executive and judicial officers. Such discriminatory practices, particularly when their cumulative effect throughout the Nation is considered, take on the character of action by the States and therefore fall within the ambit of the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

(i) The burdens on and obstructions to commerce which are described above can best be removed by invoking the powers of Congress under the fourteenth amendment and the commerce clause of the Constitution of the United States to prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin in certain public establishments.

RIGHT TO NONDISCRIMINATION IN PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION

SEC. 202. (a) All persons shall be entitled, without discrimination or segregation on account of race, color, religion, or national origin, to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages and accommodations of the following public establishments:

(1) any hotel, motel, or other public place engaged in furnishing lodging to transient guests, including guests from other States or traveling in interstate commerce;

(2) any motion picture house, theater, sports arena, stadium, exhibition hall, or other public place of amusement or entertainment which customarily presents motion pictures, performing groups, athletic teams, exhibitions, or other sources of entertainment which move in interstate commerce; and

(3) any retail shop, department store, market, drug store, gasoline station, or other public place which keeps goods for sale, any restaurant, lunch room, lunch counter, soda fountain, or other public place engaged in selling food for consumption on the premises, and any other establishment where goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations are held out to the public for sale, use, rent, or hire, if—

(i) the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations offered by any such place or establishment are provided to a substantial degree to interstate travelers,

(ii) a substantial portion of any goods held out to the public by any such place or establishment for sale, use, rent, or hire has moved in interstate commerce,

(iii) the activities or operations of such place or establishment otherwise substantially affect interstate travel or the interstate movement of goods in commerce, or

(iv) such place or establishment is an integral part of an establishment included under this subsection.

For the purpose of this subsection, the term "integral part" means physically located on the premises occupied by an establishment, or located contiguous to such premises and owned, operated, or controlled, directly or indirectly, by or for the benefit of, or leased from the persons or business entities which own, operate, or control an establishment.

(b) The provisions of this title shall not apply to a bona fide private club or other establishment not open to the public, except to the extent that the facilities of such establishment are made available to the customers or patrons of an establishment within the scope of subsection (a).

PROHIBITION AGAINST DENIAL OF OR INTERFERENCE WITH THE RIGHT TO NON

DISCRIMINATION

SEC. 203. No person, whether acting under color of law or otherwise, shall (a) withhold, deny, or attempt to withhold or deny, or deprive or attempt to deprive, any person of any right or privilege secured by section 202, or (b) interfere or attempt to interfere with any right or privilege secured by section 202, or (c) intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person with a purpose of interfering with any right or privilege secured by section 202, or (d) punish or attempt to punish any person for exercising or attempting to exercise any right or privilege secured by section 202, or (e) incite or aid or abet any person to do any of the foregoing.

CIVIL ACTION FOR PREVENTIVE RELIEF

SEC. 204. (a) Whenever any person has engaged or there are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to engage in any act or practice prohibited by section 203, a civil action for preventive relief, including an application for a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or other order, may be instituted (1) by the person aggrieved, or (2) by the Attorney General for or in the name of the United States if he certifies that he has received a written complaint from the person aggrieved and that in his judgment (i) the person aggrieved is unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings and (ii) the purposes of this title will be materially furthered by the filing of an action.

(b) In any action commenced pursuant to this title by the person aggrieved, he shall if he prevails be allowed a reasonable attorney's fee as part of the costs. (c) A person shall be deemed unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section when such person is unable, either directly or through other interested persons or organizations, to bear the expense of the litigation or to obtain effective legal representation; or when there is reason to believe that the institution of such litigation by him would jeopardize the employment or economic standing of, or might result in injury or economic damage to, such person, his family, or his property.

(d) In case of any complaint received by the Attorney General alleging a violation of section 203 in any jurisdiction where State or local laws or regulations appear to him to forbid the act or practice involved, the Attorney General shall shall notify the appropriate State and local officials and, upon request, afford them a reasonable time to act under such State or local laws or regulations before he institutes an action. In the case of any other complaint alleging a violation of section 203, the Attorney General shall, before instituting an action, refer the matter to the Community Relations Service established by title IV of this Act, which shall endeavor to secure compliance by voluntary procedures. No action shall be instituted by the Attorney General less than thirty days after such referral unless the Community Relations Service notifies him that its efforts have been unsuccessful. Compliance with the foregoing provisions of this subsection shall not be required if the Attorney General shall file with the court a certificate that the delay consequent upon compliance with such provisions in the particular case would adversely affect the interests of the United States, or that, in the particular case, compliance with such provisions would be fruitless.

JURISDICTION

SEC. 205. (a) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this title and shall exercise the same without regard to whether the aggrieved party shall have exhausted any administrative or other remedies that may be provided by law.

(b) This title shall not preclude any individual or any State or local agency from pursuing any remedy that may be available under any Federal or State law, including any State statute or ordinance requiring nondiscrimination in public establishments or accommodations.

TITLE III-DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION

SEC. 301. As used in this title

DEFINITIONS

(a) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Education.

(b) "Desegregation" means the assignment of students to public schools and within such schools without regard to their race, color, religion, or national origin. (c) "Public school" means any elementary or secondary educational institution, and "public college" means any institution of higher education or any technical or vocational school above the secondary school level, operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or governmental agency within a State, or operated wholly or predominantly from or through the use of governmental funds or property, or funds or property derived from a governmental source.

(d) "School board" means any agency or agencies which administer a system of one or more public schools and any other agency which is responsible for the assignment of students to or within such system.

ASSISTANCE TO FACILITATE DESEGREGATION

SEC. 302. The Commissioner shall conduct investigations and make a report to the President and the Congress, within two years of the enactment of this title, upon the extent to which equal educational opportunities are denied to individuals by reason of race, color, religion, or national origin in public educational institutions at all levels in the United States, its territories and possessions, and the District of Columbia.

SEC. 303. (a) The Commissioner is authorized, upon the application of any school board, State, municipality, school district, or other governmental unit, to render technical assistance in the preparation, adoption, and implementation of plans for the desegregation of public schools or other plans designed to deal with problems arising from racial imbalance in public school systems. Such technical assistance may, among other activities, include making available to such agencies information regarding effective methods of coping with special educational problems occasioned by desegregation or racial imbalance, and making available to such agencies personnel of the Office of Education or other persons specially equipped to advise and assist them in coping with such problems.

(b) The Commissioner is authorized to arrange, through grants or contracts, with institutions of higher education for the operation of short-term or regular session institutes for special training designed to improve the ability of teachers, supervisors, counselors, and other elementary or secondary school personnel to deal effectively with special educational problems occasioned by desegregation or measures to adjust racial imbalance in public school systems. Individuals who attend such an institute may be paid stipends for the period of their attendance at such institute in amounts specified by the Commissioner in regulations, including allowances for dependents and including allowances for travel to attend such institute.

SEC. 304. (a) A school board which has failed to achieve desegregation in all public schools within its jurisdiction, or a school board which is confronted with problems arising from racial imbalance in the public schools within its jurisdiction, may apply to the Commissioner, either directly or through another governmental unit, for a grant or loan, as hereinafter provided, for the purpose of aiding such school board in carrying out desegregation or in dealing with problems of racial imbalance.

(b) The Commissioner may make a grant under this section, upon application therefor, for

(1) the cost of giving to teachers and other school personnel inservice training in dealing with problems incident to desegregation or racial imbalance in public schools; and

(2) the cost of employing specialists in problems incident to desegregation or racial imbalance and of providing other assistance to develop understanding of these problems by parents, schoolchildren, and the general public. (c) Each application made for a grant under this section shall provide such detailed information and be in such form as the Commissioner may require. Each grant under this section shall be made in such amounts and on such terms and conditions as the Commissioner shall prescribe, which may include a condition that the applicant expend certain of its own funds in specified amounts for the purpose for which the grant is made. In determining whether to make a grant, and in fixing the amount thereof and the terms and conditions on which it will be made, the Commissioner shall take into consideration the amount available for grants under this section and the other applications which are pending before him; the financial condition of the applicant and the other resources available to it; the nature, extent, and gravity of its problems incident to desegregation or racial imbalance, and such other factors as he finds relevant.

(d) The Commissioner may make a loan under this section, upon application, to any school board or to any local government within the jurisdiction of which any school board operates if the Commissioner finds that—

(1) part or all of the funds which would otherwise be available to any such school board, either directly or through the local government within whose jurisdiction it operates, have been withheld or withdrawn by State or local governmental action because of the actual or prospective desegregation, in whole or in part, of one or more schools under the jurisdiction of such school board;

(2) such school board has authority to receive and expend, or such local government has authority to receive and make available for the use of such board, the proceeds of such loan; and

(3) the proceeds of such loan will be used for the same purposes for which the funds withheld or withdrawn would otherwise have been used.

(e) Each application made for a loan under this section shall provide such detailed information and be in such form as the Commissioner may require. Any loan under this section shall be made upon such terms and conditions as the Commissioner shall prescribe.

(f) The Commissioner may suspend or terminate assistance under this section to any school board which, in his judgment, is failing to comply in good faith with the terms and conditions upon which the assistance was extended.

SEC. 305. Payments pursuant to a grant or contract under this title may be made (after necessary adjustments on account of previously made overpayments or underpayments) in advance or by way of reimbursement, and in such installments, and on such conditions, as the Commissioner may determine.

SEC. 306. The Commissioner shall prescribe rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of sections 301 through 305 of this title.

SUITS BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

SEC. 307. (a) Whenever the Attorney General receives a complaint

(1) signed by a parent or group of parents to the effect that his or their minor children, as members of a class of persons similarly situated, are being deprived of the equal protection of the laws by reason of the failure of a school board to achieve desegregation, or

(2) signed by an individual, or his parent, to the effect that he has been denied admission to or not permitted to continue in attendance at a public college by reason of race, color, religion or national origin,

and the Attorney General certifies that in his judgment the signer or signers of such complaint are unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings for relief and that the institution of an action will materially further the orderly progress of desegregation in public education, the Attorney General is authorized to institute for or in the name of the United States a civil action in a district court of the United States against such parties and for such relief as may be appropriate, and such court shall have and shall exercise jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section. The Attorney General may implead as defendants such additional parties as are or become necessary to the grant of effective relief hereunder.