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(b) A person or persons shall be deemed unable to initiate and maintain appropriate legal proceedings within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section when such person or persons are unable, either directly or through other interested persons or organizations, to bear the expense of the litigation or to obtain effective legal representation; or when there is reason to believe that the institution of such litigation would jeopardize the employment or economic standing of, or might result in injury or economic damage to, such person or persons, their families, or their property.

(c) Whenever an action has been commenced in any Court of the United States seeking relief from the denial of equal protection of the laws by reason of the failure of a school board to achieve desegregation, or of a public college to admit or permit the continued attendance of an individual, the Attorney General for or in the name of the United States may intervene in such action if he certifies that, in his judgment, the plaintiffs are unable to maintain the action for any of the reasons set forth in subsection (b) of this section, and that such intervention will materially further the orderly progress of desegregation in public education. In such an action the United States shall be entitled to the same relief as if it had instituted the action under subsection (a) of this section.

(d) The term "parent" as used in this section includes other legal representatives.

SEC. 308. Nothing in this title shall be construed to deny, impair, or otherwise affect any right or authority of the Attorney General or of the United States under existing law to institute or intervene in any action or proceeding.

SEC. 309. In any action or proceeding under this title the United States shall be liable for costs the same as a private person.

SEC. 310. Nothing in this title shall affect adversely the right of any person to sue for or obtain relief in any court against discrimination in public education. TITLE IV-ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS SERVICE

SEC. 401. There is hereby established a Community Relations Service (hereinafter referred to as the "Service"), which shall be headed by a Director who shall be appointed by the President. The Director shall receive compensation at a rate of $20,000 per year. The Director is authorized to appoint such additional officers and employees as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this title.

The

SEC. 402. It shall be the function of the Service to provide assistance to communities and persons therein in resolving disputes, disagreements, or difficulties relating to discriminatory practices based on race, color, or national origin which impair the rights of persons in such communities under the Constitution or laws of the United States or which affect or may affect interstate commerce. Service may offer its services in cases of such disputes, disagreements, or difficulties whenever in its judgment peaceful relations among the citizens of the community involved are threatened thereby, and it may offer its services either upon its own motion or upon the request of an appropriate local official or other interested person.

SEC. 403. (a) The Service shall whenever possible in performing its functions under this title seek and utilize the cooperation of the appropriate State or local agencies and may seek and utilize the cooperation of any nonpublic agency which it believes may be helpful.

(b) The activities of all officers and employees of the Service in providing assistance under this title shall be conducted in confidence and without publicity, and the Service shall hold confidential any information acquired in the regular performance of its duties upon the understanding that it would be so held. No officer or employee of the Service shall engage in the performance of investigative or prosecuting functions for any department or agency in any litigation arising out of a dispute in which he acted on behalf of the Service.

SEC. 404. Subject to the provisions of section 403(b), the Director shall, on or before January 31 of each year, submit to the Congress a report of the activities of the Service during the preceding fiscal year. Such report shall also contain information with respect to the internal administration of the Service and may contain recommendations for legislation necessary for improvements in such internal administration.

TITLE V-COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS

SEC. 501. Section 102 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975a; 71 Stat. 634) is amended to read as follows:

"RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE COMMISSION, HEARINGS

"SEC. 102. (a) The Chairman, or one designated by him to act as Chairman at a hearing of the Commission, shall announce in an opening statement the subject of the hearing.

"(b) A copy of the Commission's rules shall be made available to the witness before the Commission.

"(c) Witnesses at the hearings may be accompanied by their own counsel for the purpose of advising them concerning their constitutional rights.

"(d) The Chairman or Acting Chairman may punish breaches of order and decorum and unprofessional ethics on the part of counsel, by censure and exclusion from the hearings.

"(e) If the Commission determines that evidence or testimony at any hearing may tend to defame, degrade, or incriminate any person, it shall receive such evidence or testimony or summary of such evidence or testimony in executive session. In the event the Commission determines that such evidence or testimony shall be given at a public session, it shall afford such person an opportunity voluntarily to appear as a witness and receive and dispose of requests from such person to subpena additional witnesses.

"(f) Except as provided in sections 102 and 105(f) of this Act, the Chairman shall receive and the Commission shall dispose of requests to subpena additional witnesses.

"(g) No evidence or testimony or summary of evidence or testimony taken in executive session may be released or used in public sessions without the consent of the Commission. Whoever releases or uses in public without the consent of the Commission such evidence or testimony taken in executive session shall be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned for not more than one year.

"(h) In the discretion of the Commission, witnesses may submit brief and pertinent sworn statements in writing for inclusion in the record. The Commission is the sole judge of the pertinency of testimony and evidence adduced at its hearings.

"(i) Upon payment of the cost thereof, a witness may obtain a transcript copy of his testimony given at a public session or, if given at an executive session, when authorized by the Commission.

"(j) A witness attending any session of the Commission shall receive $6 for each day's attendance and for the time necessarily occupied in going to and returning from the same, and 10 cents per mile for going from and returning to his place of residence. Witnesses who attend at points so far removed from their respective residences as to prohibit return thereto from day to day shall be entitled to an additional allowance of $10 per day for expenses of subsistence, including the time necessarily occupied in going to and returning from the place of attendance. Mileage payments shall be tendered to the witness upon service of a subpena issued on behalf of the Commission or any subcommittee thereof.

"(k) The Commission shall not issue any subpena for the attendance and testimony of witnesses or for the production of written or other matter which would require the presence of the party subpenaed at a hearing to be held outside of the State wherein the witness is found or resides or is domiciled or transacts business, or has appointed an agent for receipt of service of process except that, in any event, the Commission may issue subpenas for the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of written or other matter at a hearing held within fifty miles of the place where the witness is found or resides or is domicilied or transacts business or has appointed an agent for receipt of service of process." SEC. 502. Section 103(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975b(a); 71 Stat. 634) is amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 103. (a) Each member of the Commission who is not otherwise in the service of the Government of the United States shall receive the sum of $75 per day for each day spent in the work of the Commission, shall be paid actual travel expenses, and per diem in lieu of subsistence expenses when away from his usual place of residence, in accordance with section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended (5 U.S.C. 73b-2; 60 Stat. 808)."

SEC. 503. Section 103(b) of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975 (b); 71 Stat. 634) is amended to read as follows:

"(b) Each member of the Commission who is otherwise in the service of the Government of the United States shall serve without compensation in addition to that received for such other service, but while engaged in the work of the Commission shall be paid actual travel expenses, and per diem in lieu of subsistence expenses when away from his usual place of residence, in accordance with the provisions of the Travel Expense Act of 1949, as amended (5 U.S.C. 835-42; 63 Stat. 166)."

SEC. 504. Section 104 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975c; 71 Stat. 635), as amended, is further amended to read as follows:

"DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION

"SEC. 104. (a) The Commission shall

"(1) investigate allegations in writing under oath or affirmation that certain citizens of the United States are being deprived of their right to vote and have that vote counted by reason of their color, race, religion, or national origin; which writing, under oath or affirmation, shall set forth the facts upon which such belief or beliefs are based;

"(2) study and collect information concerning legal developments constituting a denial of equal protection of the laws under the Constitution;

"(3) appraise the laws and policies of the Federal Government with respect to equal protection of the laws under the Constitution; and

"(4) serve as a national clearinghouse for information, and provide advice and technical assistance to Government agencies, communities, industries, organizations, or individuals in respect to equal protection of the laws, including but not limited to the fields of voting, education, housing, employment, the use of public facilities, transportation, and the administration of justice.

The Commission may, for such periods as it deems necessary, concentrate the performance of its duties on those specified in either paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) and may further concentrate the performance of its duties under any of such paragraphs on one or more aspects of the duties imposed therein.

"(b) The Commission shall submit interim reports to the President and to the Congress at such times as either the Commission or the President shall deem desirable, and shall submit to the President and to the Congress a final and comprehensive report of its activities, findings, and recommendations not later than September 30, 1967.

"(c) Sixty days after the submission of its final report and recommendations the Commission shall cease to exist."

SEC. 505. (a) Section 105(a) of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975(d); 71 Stat. 636) is amended by striking out in the last sentence thereof "$50 per diem" and inserting in lieu thereof "$75 per diem."

SEC. 506. Section 105(g) of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975d(g); 71 Stat. 636) is amended to read as follows:

"(g) In case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpena, any district court of the United States or the United States court of any territory or possession, or the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia, within the jurisdiction of which the inquiry is carried on or within the jurisdiction of which said person guilty of contumacy or refusal to obey is found or resides or is domiciled or transacts business, or has appointed an agent for receipt of service of process, upon application by the Attorney General of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue to such person an order requiring such person to appear before the Commission or a subcommittee thereof, there to produce evidence if so ordered, or there to give testimony touching the matter under investigation; and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by said court as a contempt thereof."

SEC. 507. Section 105 of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 (42 U.S.C. 1975d; 71 Stat. 636), as amended by section 401 of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 (42 U.S.C. 1975d(h); 74 Stat. 89), is further amended by adding a new subsection at the end to read as follows:

"(i) The Commission shall have the power to make such rules and regulations as it deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act."

TITLE

VI-NONDISCRIMINATION

IN FEDERALLY ASSISTED

PROGRAMS

SEC. 601. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in any law of the United States providing or authorizing direct or indirect financial assistance for or in connection with any program or activity by way of grant, contract, loan, insurance, guaranty, or otherwise, no such law shall be interpreted as requiring that such financial assistance shall be furnished in circumstances under which individuals participating in or benefiting from the program or activity are discriminated against on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin or are denied participation or benefits therein on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin. All contracts made in connection with any such program or activity shall contain such conditions as the President may prescribe for the purpose of assuring that there shall be no discrimination in employment by any contractor or subcontractor on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin.

TITLE VII-COMMISSION ON EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

SEC. 701. The President is authorized to establish a Commission to be known as the "Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity," hereinafter referred to as the Commission. It shall be the function of the Commission to prevent discrimination against employees or applicants for employment because of race, color, religion, or national origin by Government contractors and subcontractors, and by contractors and subcontractors participating in programs or activities in which direct or indirect financial assistance by the United States Government is provided by way of grant, contract, loan, insurance, guaranty, or otherwise. The Commission shall have such powers to effectuate the purposes of this title as may be conferred upon it by the President. The President may also confer upon the Commission such powers as he deems appropriate to prevent discrimination on the ground of race, color, religion, or national origin in government employment. SEC. 702. The Commission shall consist of the Vice President, who shall serve as Chairman, the Secretary of Labor, who shall serve as Vice Chairman, and not more than fifteen other members appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the President. Members of the Commission, while attending meetings or conferences of the Commission or otherwise serving at the request of the Commission, shall be entitled to receive compensation at a rate to be fixed by it but not exceeding $75 per diem, including travel time, and while away from their homes or regular places of business they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 73b-2 of title 5 of the United States Code for persons in the Government service employed intermittently.

SEC. 703. (a) There shall be an Executive Vice Chairman of the Commission who shall be appointed by the President and who shall be ex officio a member of the Commission. The Executive Vice Chairman shall assist the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, and the members of the Commission and shall be responsible for carrying out the orders and recommendations of the Commission and for performing such other functions as the Commission may direct.

(b) Section 106(a) of the Federal Executive Pay Act of 1956, as amended (5 U.S.C. 2205(a)), is further amended by adding the following clause thereto:

"(52) Executive Vice Chairman, Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity."

(c) The Commission is authorized to appoint, subject to the civil service laws and regulations, such other personnel as may be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions and duties, and to fix their compensation in accordance with the Classification Act of 1949, and is authorized to procure services as authorized by section 14 of the Act of August 2, 1946 (60 Stat. 810; 5 U.S.C. 55a), but at rates for individuals not in excess of $50 a day.

TITLE VIII-MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 801. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 802. If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

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JULY 22, 1963.-Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed

Mr. PowELL, from the Committee on Education and Labor, submitted the following

REPORT

[To accompany H.R. 405]

The Committee on Education and Labor, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 405) to prohibit discrimination in employment in certain cases because of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, or age, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with amendments and recommend that the bill, as amended, do pass.

The amendments are as follows:

The amendment to the text strikes out all of the introduced bill and inserts in lieu thereof a substitute which appears in the reported bill in italic type.

The other amendment modifies the title of the bill to read as follows: "A bill to prohibit discrimination in employment in certain cases because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry.'

References in this report are to the provisions of the committee amendment rather than to the provisions of the introduced bill.

PURPOSE OF THE LEGISLATION

The basic purpose of H.R. 405 is to seek to eliminate arbitrary employment discrimination because of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry, through the utilization of formal and informal remedial procedures. The bill authorizes the establishment of a Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and delegates to it the mary responsibility for preventing and eliminating unlawful employment practices as defined in the act.

BACKGROUND OF LEGISLATION

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The committee finds that the testimony received regarding arbitrary discrimination in employment compellingly and cogently makes

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