printed; the expense of which amounted toquired some distinction as a poet. He published 1000. Copies were presented to the queen, to a volume of sermons, and died in 1795. the late dutchess of Portland, M. de Buffon, lady BUTTS, Sir William, a physician to Henry Susan Mackenzie, lady Banks, and lord Mount VIII., one of the founders of the Royal College stuart. Those remaining were reserved for le-of Physicians. gacies, and the plates were destroyed. His lordship died March 10, 1792.

BUXTON, Jedediah, a man of most extraordinary natural talents for calculation, born at BUTLER, William, a physician, born at Ips- Elmeton, a village in Derbyshire, 1705. He was wich. Some anecdotes are recorded of him, never taught to read or write; but could, by the which exhibit him as a capricious madman; he force of memory, solve in a very short time the died in 1518. most complicated questions respecting the mulBUTLER, Charles, a native of Hampshire,tiplication, division, reduction, &c., of figures; author of a popular work on bees, called the yet, beyond mere calculation, his ideas were feminine monarchy, &c., died in 1647, hardly above those of infancy. He died about

BUTLER, Samuel, a poet of a very singular ||1775. cast, born at Strensham, in Worcestershire, BUXTORFF, John, the name of two learned 1612. He lived some time, (though it is not professors of Hebrew at Basil, father and son, known in what capacity,) with Sir Samuel who are allowed a place among those of the first Luke, a gentleman of an ancient family in Bed-rank for rabbinical learning. The father died fordshire, and a famous commander under Oli- in 1629, the son in 1664. ver Cromwell. While he resided in this gentleman's family, it is generally supposed that he planned, if he did not write, the celebrated "Hudibras," under which character it is thought he intended to ridicule that knight. BUY DE MORNAS, Claude, born at Lyons, When this poem became known, it was neces-author of a valuable atlas of geography and his sarily admired: the king quoted, the courtierstory, died in 1783.

BUXTORFF, John, nephew of the preceding, succeeded him in the Oriental chair of Basil, and was esteemed for his extensive erudition. He died in 1732.

studied, and the whole party of the royalists BUZANVAL, Nicholas Choart de, a French applauded it. Every eye watched for the golden prelate, relinquished the profession of law for shower which was to fall upon the author. But the church, and died in 1679.

||1760.

BYLES, Mather, D. D., a poet and political writer of some note, minister in Boston, where he was born in 1706.

praise was his whole reward. It is reported, BUZOT, Francis Nicholas Leonard, one of indeed, that the king once gave him 300 guineas; the heroes of the French revolution, born in but of this temporary bounty we fital no proof. He died September 25, 1680; and was buried at BYEFIELD, Nathaniel, a native of England, the private expense of a Mr. Longueville, of the settled in Bristol, Rhode Island, and died in 1733. Temple, in the church-yard of Covent Garden. BYFIELD, Nicholas, a native of WarwickAbout 60 years afterwards, Mr. Barber, a printer,shire, who wrote some voluminous tracts on mayor of London, and a friend to Butler's prin-divinity; he died in 1622. ciples, bestowed on him a monument in Westminster Abbey. In the mist of obscurity passed the life of Butler, a man whose name can only perish with his language. The mode and place of his education are unknown; the events of his life are variously related; and all that can be told with certainty is, that he was poor. BYNG, George, lord viscount Torrington, was BUTLER, James, duke of Ormond, a very born in 1663. His eminent abilities as a naval celebrated statesman and warrior, in the reign commander raised him successively to the high of Charles II., to whose restoration he materi-offices of rear admiral of England, treasurer of ally contributed. He was born in London, 1610, the navy, and first lord of the admiralty. He and died in 16-8. was father of the unfortunate admiral John

BYNÆUS, Anthony, a native of Utrecht, skilled in classical and historical learning, died in 1698.

BUTLER, Joseph, bishop of Durham, a pre-Byng, who, after having given many proofs of late of most distinguished piety, born at Wan-courage, was, on a dubious sentence for neglect tage, Berks, 1692. His deep learning and com- of duty, shot at Portsmouth, March 14, 1757. prehensive mind appear sufficiently in his writ-His lordship died in 1733. ings, particularly in a work entitled, "The BYNKERSHOEK, Cornelius Van, professor Analogy of Religion, natural and revealed, to of law at Leyden, &c., author of Observations the constitution and course of Nature." He on the Roman Laws, &c., died in 1743. died in 1752. BYRD, William, a native of Virginia, died BUTLER, Thomas, earl of Ossory, son of the about the middle of the last century. He col preceding, was confined in the tower eight||lected a very large and valuable library. months by Cromwell. After the restoration, he abashed Shaftsbury, by an exertion of his powers, in the vindication of his father. He died in 1680.

BUTLER, Alban, a Roman catholic, director of the English College of St. Omer's, died in

1782.

BUTLER, Richard, a brave officer during the war of the revolution, killed at the defeat of General St. Clair, in 1791.

BYRGE, Justus, an ingenious mathematician and instrument-maker in France, flourished at the end of the 16th century.

BYRNE, William, a very distinguished landscape engraver. His best performances are, The Antiquities of Great Britain, after Hearne; Views of the Lakes after Farington; and Smith's Scenery of Italy. His chief excellence consist ing in his aerial perspective, and the general effect of his chiaro-oscuro, he was more agreeaBUTLER, Thomas, a brave officer in the re-bly and more beneficially employed in finishing volutionary war. In 1797, he commanded in than in etching; and hence he generally worked Tennessee, and brought the Indian war to a suc-in conjunction with his pupils; to whom his cessful termination. He died in 1805. strong recommendation was, to study nature, BUTT, George, D. D., an English divine, ac-Vivares, and the best examples of the French

school. Among the pupils of Mr. Byrne, wellnavigator, born in 1422, visited the Madeiras, know no one who has done more credit either the Canaries, &c.

to his instructer in the art, or to himself, than CADMUS, king of Thebes, who brought 16 Mr. Landseer, engraver to his late majesty. Mr.letters into Greece. The poets say that he left Byrne died September 24, 1805, aged 62. his country in quest of his sister Europa, and BYROM, John, a poetical writer, and inventer went into Boeotia, where one of his company of a new system of short-hand, born at Kersal, near Manchester, 1691, died in 1763.

BYRON, Lord George Gordon, an English nobleman, distinguished as the greatest poet of the age in which he lived, author of "Childe Harold," "Don Juan," and other poems, died at Missolonghi, while assisting the Greeks in their glorious struggle for freedom, in April, 1824.

BYTHNER, Victorinus, a native of Poland, eminent for his knowledge of Hebrew, died in 1664.

BZOVIUS, Abraham, a learned Polander. The chief of his works is, "A Continuation of Baronius' Annals from 1198 to 1572." He died in 1637.

CA

was devoured by a dragon, which Cadmus slew, and sowed its teeth in a field, whence sprung up an army of men who destroyed one another. CADMUS, a Milesian, author of a history of India.

CADOG, founder of some churches in Wales, in the 15th century.

CADOG, a bard of the 6th century, called the Wise.

CADOGAN, William Bromley, a respected minister of St. Giles', Reading, and St. Luke's; died in 1797.

CADWALADYR, last king of the Britons, in 660 he was conquered by the Saxons.

CADWALADYR, Cesail, a Welsh bard of some merit, in the 16th century.

CADWALLADER, -, an eminent physician of Philadelphia, and among the first who wrote on medical subjects; flourished about

CAB, Ben Zohair, an Arabian poet, the oppo-1740. nent, and afterwards the friend, of Mahomet; died in the first year of the hegira.

CABADES, or COBAD, a king of Persia, deposed, but afterwards recovered his authority, which he left to his son in 531.

CABANIS, Peter John George, a French physician, the associate of Mirabeau, and one of the council of 500 during the revolution, died in 1808.

CABASILAS, Nilus, archbishop of Thesalonica, wrote against the supremacy of the pope; he was succeeded by his nephew, Nicholas, in the 14th century.

CADWALLADER, John, a brigadier-general in the American army, during the revolution, died in 1786.

CADWALLON, prince of North Wales, defeated by Edwin of England, in 620.

CADWGAN, a prince of South Wales, was assassinated in 1110.

CÆCILIANUS, bishop of Carthage, was ex pelled from office by a council, in 311.

CÆCILIUS STATIUS, a comic poet in the age of Ennius.

CELIUS AURELIANUS, or, as some have called him, Lucius Cælius Arianus, an ancient CABASSOLE, Philip de, chancellor and physician of Sicca, a town of Numidia, in Africa. chief minister of the queen of Sicily, and cardi-We are obliged to him for the knowledge of nal d' metropolitan of Constantinople; died in

1372.

CABASSUT, John, professor of the canon law at Avignon, died in 1085.

CABEL, Adrian Vander, of Riswick, eminent as a painter; he died in 1695.

CABESTAN, or CABISTAING, William de, a poet, murdered by the husband of his mistress, who eat his heart unknowingly, and died with grief.

many dogmas which are not to be found but in his books "De celeribus et tardis Passionibus." He wrote, as he himself tells us, several other works; but they have all perished. This, however, which has escaped the ruins of time and barba rism, is highly valued as being the only monument of the Medicina Methodica which is exLant. He is allowed by all to be admirable in the history and description of diseases. Le Clerc places him in the 5th century.

CABOT, John, a Venetian, who first dis- CÆSAR, Caius Julius, an illustrious Roman covered the continent of America, in 1497. general and historian, born 98 B. C. By his vaCABOT, Sebastian, son of the preceding, ac-lour and eloquence he acquired the highest recompanied his father in his voyage, int497, and afterwards made several voyages; he died in 1557.

putation in the field and in the senate; beloved and respected by his fellow-citizens, he enjoyed successively every magisterial and military honour that the republic could bestow, consistent with its own free constitution; but, at length, having subdued Pompey, the great rival of his growing power, his boundless ambition effaced the glory of his former actions; for pursuing his favourite maxim, "that he would rather be the first man in a village, than the second in Rome,' he procured himself to be chosen perpetual dictator; and, not content with this unconstitutional power, his faction had resolved to raise him to the imperial dignity, when the friends of the civil liberties of the republic rashly and basely assassinated him in the senate-house, where they should only have seized him, and brought him to a legal trial for usurpation. By this impoliCADALOUS, a bishop of Parma, made pope tic and treacherous measure, they defeated their under the title of Honorius II., died in 1604. own purpose, involving the city in consternation CADAMOSTO, Lewis, a famous Venetian land terror, which produced general anarchy

CABOT, George, an eminent statesman, was a member of the United States' Senate from the state of Mass., and president of the Hartford Convention. He was distinguished as a man of great strength of mind, of sound and correct judgment, of unsullied honour, and the strictest integrity, and was the friend and associate of Washington.

CABOT, Vincent, author of " Les Politiques," in 4 vols., of the 14th century.

CABRAL, or CABRERA, Pedro Alvares, a Portuguese, sent, in 1500, by king Emanuel, with a fleet to the East Indies. He was driven upon the coast of Brazil, and gave the name to Santa Cruz.

and paved the way to the revolution that they Song and the Prophets, which he had begun, but wanted to prevent; for, after his death, the redid not live to proceed far in; and the Revelapublic, though for some time it preserved the tions of St. John, which he designedly omitted; forms of liberty, became an absolute monarchy, saying, that, to explain them, it was necessary the constant fate of all governments, whatever for a man to be endued, not with parts and learnfreedom they might once have, when luxury and ing, but with the spirit of prophecy. profligate manners have grown universal. The activity of Caesar's spirit was such, that, as he himself said," he thought nothing done, while there was any thing left to do.' However, amidst all his concerns, civil and military, he found time to be the author of many works; none of which have been preserved from the ravages of time, except seven books, "De Bello Gallico."

CALDERONI DE LA BARCA, Don Pedro a celebrated Spanish officer, ecclesiastic, and dramatic writer. In the latter character, he CAHÚSAC, Lewis de, a Frenchman, author may, perhaps, deserve the name of the Spanish of the tragedy of Pharamond, and some ro-Shakspeare. He flourished about 1640, and his mances, died in 1759.

CAIETAN, a cardinal, born in 1469, at Caieta, a town in the kingdom of Naples. His proper name was Thomas de Vio; but he took that of Caietan, from the place of his nativity. He gave CALEF, Robert, a merchant, of Boston, who a literal translation of the Old and New Testa-published a work against witchcraft, in 1700; hv, ments, from the originals; excepting Solomon's died in 1720.

CALENDARIO, Philip, celebrated for the porticoes which he erected round the palace of St. Mark, at Venice, about 1354.

CALENTIUS, Elisius, a poet and philosopher, preceptor of Frederic, son of the king of Naples, and author of many works; he died in 1502.

CALEPINO, or DA CALEPIO, Ambrose, a native of Bergamo, author of a vocabulary of the Latin tongue; died, blind, in 1511. CALIAVIRI, Luca, an Italian painter, who excelled in sea views, landscapes, &c.; died in 1715.

CALLIXTUS III., elected pope in 1455; he was a learned and pious man, and died in 1458. CALLIXTUS, George, a Lutheran divine, professor at Hemstadt, founder of the sect called Callixtins; he died in 1656.

CALLOT, James, a famous engraver, born at Nancy, in 1593. Evelyn, who was a very good judge of his merit, speaks of him as one who gave the utmost reputation to his art of which it is capable; and attained, if ever any did, to its sublimity, and beyond which it seems not possible for human industry to reach." He died in 1636

CALIGULA, the Roman emperor and tyrant, CALMET, Augustin, a Frenchman, born in began his reign A. D. 37, with every appear 1672, died 1757. He was a man of vast erudiance of becoming the real, not the titular, father tion, and a wonderfully voluminous writer; as of his people; but at the end of eight months he witnesseth the following list. 1. "A literal was seized with a fever, which, it is supposed, commentary upon all the Books of the Old and left a frenzy upon his mind, for his disposition New Testament," 23 vols. 4to. 2. "Dissertatotally changed, and he committed the most a- tions and Prefaces of his Commentaries," print trocious acts of impiety, cruelty, and folly; such ed separately, with 19 new Dissertations, 2 vols. as proclaiming his horse consul, feeding it at his 4to. Perhaps there are none of his writings table, introducing it to the temple in the vest-more useful than these. 3. "The History of the ments of the priests of Jupiter, and causing sa-Old and New Testament," 4 vols. 4to. 4. "A crifices to be offered to hiniself, his wife, and his Historical, Critical, and Chronological Dictionahorse. After having murdered many of his sub-ry of the Bible." 5"Ecclesiastical and Civil jects with his own hands, and caused others to History of Lorrain," 3 vols. folio. 6. "Bibliobe put to death without any offence, he was as-theque of the Writers of Lorrain, folio. 7." Unisassinated by a tribune of the people, as he versal History, sacred and profane," 15 vols. 4to, came out of the amphitheatre, A. D. 41, in the of which eight only were printed. 8. "Disser29th year of his age. tations upon Apparitions, Demons, Witches, CALLARD, John Baptiste, a celebrated au- &c." 9. "Literal, Historical, and Moral Commenthor, and professor in the university of Caen,tary, upon the Rules of St. Benedict," 4to. All died in 1718.

CALLENDER, Elisha, minister of the 1st Baptist Church, Boston; of a peaceful disposition, and exemplary life.

CALLENDER, John, an eminent Baptist minister and writer, in Rhode Island; he published a history of Rhode Island, and died in 1748.

CALLIACH, Nicholas, professor of belles lettres at Padua, died in 1707.

CALLICRATIDAS, a Spartan general, who perished in a naval battle, 405 B. C.

these works are written in the French language. CALMO, Andrew, a Venetian, famous as an actor, and comic writer, died in 1571. His best piece is Rodiana.

CALO, John, or Johannitz, a Bulgarian, made an independent king, by Innocent III.

CALONNE, Charles Alexander de, an eminent French statesman, successor to Necker, as comptroller genera of finances; he died in 1802. CALOVIUS, Abraham, a native of Brunswick, divinity professor at Radstock, died in

CALLIERES, Francis de, an eminent states-1686. man and poet, in the time of Lewis XIV, died in 1717.

CALLIMACHUS, an ancient Greek poet, born at Cyrene, a town in Africa; but when, we cannot precisely determine. Suidas relates that Callimachus wrote above 800 pieces, of which we have now remaining only a few bymns and epigrams.

CALLIMACHUS, of Corinth, an architect, and inventor of the Corinthian order, flourished about 540 B. C.

CALLINUS, of Ephesus, an ancient Greek poet, the inventor of elegiac verse, flourished about 776 B. C.

CALLIPPUS, a celebrated Athenian astronomer, the first observer of the revolutions of eclipses, flourished 336 B. C.

CALLISTHENES, a philosopher, disciple and relation of Aristotle, by whose desire he accompanied Alexander the Great in his expeditions; but proving too severe a censurer of the hero's conduct, he put him to the torture (on sus picion of a treasonable conspiracy,) under which he died 328 B. C.

CALLISTUS, Johannes Andronicus, a native of Thessalonica, and professor of philosophy, at Constantinople, in 1453; he died in France. CALLIXTUS I., elected pope, in 209; he suffered martyrdom four years afterwards. CALLIXTUS II., Guy, pope, in 1119,held the first Lateran council, and died in 1124.

CALPRENEDE, Gautier de la, author of some curious romances, died in 1663.

CALPURNIUS, a Sicilian poet of the 3d century, author of seven eclogues.

CALVART, Denys, a painter, of Antwerp, whose pictures are admired for dignity and taste, died in 1619.

CALVERT, James, a non-conformist, of York, an author, and instructer of some note, died in 1698.

CALVERT, George, a statesman, born at Kipling, in Yorkshire, 1582, died 1632. He obtained from Charles I., a patent, to him and his heirs, for Maryland, in the north of Virginia. He was private secretary to Sir Robert Cecil, afterwards principal secretary of state; but, becoming a Roman Catholic, the king continued him only as a privy counsellor, and made him Baron Baltimore.

CALVERT, Leonard, brother of Cecelius Calvert, the proprietor and first governor of Mary 'and, in 1633.

CALVERT, Benedict Leonard, was governor of Maryland in 1727. He resigned the office five years afterwards, and died on his return to England, in 1732.

CALVERT, Philip, was governor of Maryland from 1660 until 1662.

CALVERT, Charles, son and heir of Lord Baltimore, was governor of Maryland in 1662. CALVERT, Charles, came to America as go

vernor of Maryland, in 1720, and afterwards of Queen Elizabeth; and he died November 9, held other offices in the colony. 1623. A historical lecture was founded by him CALVERT, Frederick, Lord Baltimore, pro-at Oxford; and, by foreigners, he has been styled prietor of Maryland, was distinguished as a man the Pausanias of England. of learning, and an author; he died in 1771. CALVI, Lazaro, a famous painter, of Genoa, in the 16th century

CAMDEN, Lord. See PRATT. CAMERARIUS, Joachimus, an exceedingly learned German, born in 1500. Vosius calls him The Phoenix of Germany." He died in 1575. CAMERARIUS, Joachim, a German, devoted to the study of medicine, botany, &c., died ir. 1598.

CALVIN, John, one of the chief reformers" of the church, in the 16th century, born at Noyon, in Picardy, July 10, 1509, died May 27, 1564. He was a man whom God had endowed with very eminent talents; a clear understand CAMERON, John, a Scotchman, professor of ing, a solid judgment, and a happy memory:Greek at Glasgow; he was considered favoura he was a judicious, elegant, and indefatigable ble to the catholics in his writings, and died in writer, and possessed of very extensive learn-1625.

ing, and a great zeal for truth. His extreme ri- CAMILLA, daughter of king Metabus, celcgour, however, procured him many enemies.brated by Virgil for her valour. Indeed, it very ill became a reformer to defend CAMILLUS, Marcus Fucius, an illustrious (as he did) the buruing of heretics. Roman, banished on suspicion of peculation,

CALVISIUS, Sethus, a German, distinguish-died 365 B. C. ed as a chronologer, born in 1559.

CALZA, Antonio, a painter, in the 17th century, pupil to Carlo Cignani.

CAMARGO, Mary Ann Cupi de, a celebrated stage dancer, who exhibited at Brussels and Paris, died in 1770.

CAMOENS, Lewis, a celebrated Portuguese poet, called the Virgil of Portugal, from his much admired poem, "The Lusiadas, or Conquest of the Indies by the Portuguese,” was born at Lisbon, in 1527, and died in 1579, to the eternal reproach of his countrymen, miserably poor CAMASSEI, or CAMACE, Andrew, an Ita-and unregarded. His poem was, a few years lian painter, who studied under the Sacchies, died in 1657.

CAMBACERES, N., an eloquent preacher, made archbishop of Rouen, died in 1808.

since, admirably translated into English by W J. Mickle, Esq.

CAMPANELLA, Thomas, an Italian philosopher, of great eminence, who was persein-cuted by rivals, and put to the torture, but was rescued by Richelieu, died in 1639.

CAMBAT, a French musician, who first troduced operas into France, died in 1677. CAMBIS-VELLERON, Joseph Lewis Dominic, marquis de, a French nobleman, born in 1706, distinguished for his writings.

CAMPANO, John Antonio, a poor shepherd, who afterwards became a professor at Perugia, and a bishop, wrote the life of Braccio, and died

CAMPANO, Novarese, an Italian, author of commentaries on Euclid, in the 13th century. CAMPBELL, John, first minister of Oxford Massachusetts, died in 1761.

CAMPBELL, Lord William, governor of the province of South Carolina, was mortally wounded in an attack on Sullivan's Island, in 1776.

CAMBRIDGE, Richard Owen, an elegantin 1477. English poet, critic, and miscellaneous writer, was born in London, in 1717, and educated at Eton school; whence he removed to St. John's College, Oxford. His poetical works are numerous; but the most celebrated of them is a mock-heroic poem, called "The Scribleriad," in six books; the object of which is, to expose to ridicule false taste and false science: it is a masterly piece of humour, and should be read as much for instruction as amusement. He also wrote 22 papers in that well-known periodical collection of essays, called "The World," and died September 17, 1802. In 1803, a complete collection of his works was published by his son, in one volume 4to., and very well received.

CAMPBELL, Archibald, an Englishman, beheaded as a traitor, at Edinburgh, in 1661. CAMPBELL, Archibald, son of the preceding was condemned for seditious measures, and be headed in 1685.

CAMPBELL, George, D. D., professor of Church History at St. Andrews, published seve

CAMBYSES, king of Persia, atter Cyrus; heral works, and died in 1757 was cruel and vindictive; 529 B. C.

CAMPBELL, Dr. John, an eminent histori CAMDEN, William, one of the most illus-cal, biographical, and political writer, born a trious men of his age, born at London, May 2, Edinburgh, March 8, 1707-8. Among many other 1551. The work which has immortalized his works, he was either sole author of, or princi name, is his "Britannia;" being "A History of pally concerned in, the following: "The Mili the ancient Inhabitants of Britain, their Origin,tary History of Prince Eugene and the Duke of Manners, and Laws," which appeared in 1586, Marlborough" "Ancient Universal History;' in Latin. In 1593, he succeeded Dr. Edward Lives of the English Admirals;" "Hermippus Grant, as head master of Westminster school; Redivivus; or, the Sage's Triumph over Old and in 1597, published a new Greek Grammar, Age and the Grave;""Voyages and Travels,' entitled "Grammatices Græcæ Institutio com-2 vols. folio; "Biographia Britannica," (in pendiaria, in usum Regiæ Schola Westmonas which work his papers may be known by the teriensis," which was received in all the public initials E. and X. ;)" The Preceptor;" "Pre schools of England; and its author was, the sent State of Europe ""The Modern Univer same year, promoted to be Clerencieux king at sal History;" and " A Political Survey of Bri arms. In 1604, he published his "Remains of tain." Dr. Campbell died December 28, 1775. a greater work concerning Britain, the Inhabit- CAMPBELL, Dr. George, an eminent divine ants thereof, their Languages, Names, Sur-and theological writer, of Scotland, principal names, Empresses, wise Speeches, Poesies, and and professor of divinity in the Marischal Col Epitaphes." This was a collection of things lege and University of Aberdeen, born in 1719, which had been communicated to him while he died April 6, 1796, leaving several valuable was gathering materials for his "Britannia."works; the chief of which are," A Dissertation In 1615, Camden published, in Latin, his Annals on Miracles," "Philosophy of Rhetoric," and