writer, born at Paris, in 1692. His chief work

CELSUS, an epicurean philosopher of the

is, "Recueil d'Antiquites Egyptiennes, Etrus-2d century, who wrote a book against the Chrisques, Grecques, Romaines, et Gauloises," 7 tom. 4to., 1752-67. He died in 1765.

CAZES, Peter James, a French painter and an ingenious artist, died in 1754.

CAZOTTE. James, mayor of Pierry, who,for his attachment to the French king,was guillotined in 1792.

CEBA, Ansaldo, a Genoese, of reputation as a politician, orator, and poet, died in 1623. CEBES, the author of a little beautiful Grecian remain, entitled, "A picture of Human Life." Of this author we have no account, save that he is once mentioned by Plato, and once by Xenophon.

CECCO DE ASCOLI, or FRANCIS DE GLI STABILI, of Ascoli, a professor at Bologna; was burnt by order of the inquisition, in 1327.

tian religion, which was answered by Origen. The work of Celsus is lost.

CELTES, Conrad, a Latin poet, who died at Vienna, in 1508, after having obtained the laurel.

CENSORINUS. Appius Claudius, a Roman senator, raised to the throne by his soldiers, in 270.

CENSORINUS, a Roman grammarian of the 3d century.

CENTLIVRE, Susannah, a celebrated comic writer, who had so early a turn for poetry, that, as one of her biographers tells us, she composed a song before she was seven years old. She is the author of 19 dramatic pieces, and several little poems. Her talent was in comedy, particularly the contrivance of plots and incidents. She died Dec. 1, 1723.

CERATINUS, James, or Teyng, a Hollander who obtained a Greek professorship by means of Erasmus, and died at Louvain, in 1530.

CECIL, William, lord Burleigh an eminent English statesman, whose loyalty to his sove- CENTORIO, Ascanius a native of Milanşemireign queen Elizabeth, and his patriotism, pre-nent as a soldier and philosopher, lived in the served the religion and the civil polity of Eng-16th century. land from falling a prey to sovereign tyranny and popish superstitions. He was born at Bourn, in Lincolnshire, 1521, held the office of lord high treasurer of England 27 years, and died 1598. A collection of his state papers was published by Haynes, 1740; and a continuation of them by Murdin, 1760.

CECIL, Richard, an eminent divine of the church of England, died in 1810.

CECROPS, an Egyptian, founder of the Athenian monarchy, 1556 B. C.

CEDRENUS, George, a Grecian monk, lived in the 11th century, and wrote "Annals, or an abridged History, from the beginning of the World to the reign of Isaac Comněnus, emperor of Constantinople," who succeeded Michael IV. in 1057.

CELESTI, Andrea, a Venetian painter, died in 1706.

CERCEAU, John Anthony du, a French Jesuit, known as a Latin poet, died in 1730. CERDA, John Lewis de la, a Spanish Jesuit, and an author of great learning and candour, died in 1643.

CERDON, a heretic of the 2d century, who rejected the Old Testament and part of the New.

CERETA, Laura, an Italian lady, eminent for her knowledge of philosophy, and the learned languages, died in 1498.

CERINI, Giovanni Dominico, an Italian painter, whose pieces are esteemed; he died in 1681.

CERINTHUS, a disciple of Simon Magus, about A. D. 54, a heretic who denied the divi

CELESTIN I., was pope 10 years; he con-nity of Christ. demned the doctrines of Nestorius, and died in 432.

CELESTIN II., was pope 5 months, and died in 1143.

CELESTIN III., was pope 7 years, and died in 1198.

CELESTIN IV., was pope 18 days, and died

in 1241.

CELESTIN V., elected pope in 1294, which office he afterwards resigned; he was imprisoned by his successor, and died in 1296.

CELLARIUS, Christopher, born in 1638, at Malcalde, in Franconia, died in 1707. He pub lished good editions of above 20 Latin and Greek authors. His works relate chiefly to grammar, to geography, to history, and to the oriental languages. Those in geography are well known as excellent helps to the understanding of ancient authors.

CELLIER, Remi, a benedictine of Bar le duc, wrote a biographical history, and died in 1761. CELLINI, Benevento, a celebrated sculptor and engraver, of Florence, born in 1500, died in 1570.

ČERISANTES, Mark Duncan de, son of a Scotch physician at Saumur; he was sent ambassador to Turkey by Richelieu, and died in 1648.

CERMENATI, John de, an Italian historian, who published an account of Milan, from 1307 to 1313.

CERRATO, Paul, a native of Montserrat, of the 15th century, he wrote Latin poems.

CERUTI, Frederic, a native of Verona, and an author, died in 1579.

CERUITI, Joseph Antony Joachim, a Jesuit, and professor at Lyons, and a member of the national assembly, died in 1792.

CERVANTES. See SAAVEDRA.

CERVETTO, an Italian, of extraordinary character in the musical world. He played the bass at Drury-lane Theatre, and died January 14, 1783, in his 103d year. One evening, when Mr. Garrick was performing the character of Sir John Brute, during the drunkard's muttering and dozing till he falls asleep in the chair, (the audience, being most profoundly silent and attentive to the admirable performer,) Cervetto, CELSUS, Aurelius Cornelius, a philosopher in the orchestra, uttered a very loud and imand physician, who flourished under the reigns moderately-lengthened yawn! The moment of Augustus and Tiberius. He wrote upon seve-Garrick was off the stage, he sent for the mural subjects, as we learn from Quintillian; upon sician, and with considerable warmth reprirhetoric, for which he is often quoted and com-manded him for so ill-timed a symptom of sommended by this great master; upon the military art; upon agriculture; and we have still extant of his eight books "De Medicina," which are written in very fine Latin.

nolency; when the modern Naso, with great address, reconciled Garrick to him in a trice, by saying, with a shrug, "I beg ten tousand par dons! but I always do so ven I am ver musch

lease!" Mr. Cervetto was distinguished among died in 1565, leaving behind him a work called is friends of the galleries by the ludicrous name "The right ordering of the English Republic." of Nosey, from the prominency of his nasal He also discovered the first alum mines in Eng'eature. land.

CHALONER, Sir Thomas, educated at Oxford, was tutor to the prince of Wales, and died

CESALPINUS, a celebrated Italian writer on botany, born in 1519, died in 1603. CESALPINUS, Andrew, an Italian physi-||in 1615. cian, born about 1159.

CESARINI, Julian, a Roman cardinal, employed by several popes, was slain in 1444. CESARINI, Virginio, a learned Roman, chamberlain to Urban VIII., died in 1624.

CHALONER, James, son of the preceding, educated at Oxford, was one of King Charles judges, and died in Holland, in 1661.

CHALONER, Edward, head of Alban hall, Oxford, a good preacher and learned divine, died

CESAROTTI, Melchior, an Italian poet, pro-in 1625. fessor of rhetoric, and afterwards of Greek and Hebrew, in Padua, his native city, died in 1808. CESPEDES, Paul, a Spanish painter, of merit, and a writer, died in 1608.

CEZELI, Constance de, wife of Barri de St. Aunez, governor of Leucate under Henry IV., celebrated for her bravery.

CHABANES, James de, a Frenchman, of great bravery, who fell at the battle of Pavia, in 1525.

CHABANON, N. de, member of the academy of belles lettres, and an author, died at Paris, in 1792.

CHABOT, Francis, a capuchin, was a violent jacobin, cruel in his sentiments, and was guillotined in 1794.

CHABRIAS, an Athenian general, who took Cyprus, and died 355 B. C.

CHABRIT, Peter, an advocate in the parliament of Paris, of great erudition, died in 1785. CHABRY, Mark, a distinguished, painter and sculptor, died at Lyons, in 1727.

CHAIS, Charles, born at Geneva, pastor of a church at the Hague, distinguished as a preacher and scholar, died in 1786.

CHALOTAIS, Lewis Rene Caradeue de la, known as the author of a work on the Jesuits, died in 1715.

CHAMBAUD, Lewis, author of a French Dictionary and Grammar, and other usefu. school-books, died in 1776.

CHAMBERLAINE, Robert, an Englishman and author of several works, died in the 17th century.

CHAMBERLAYNE, Edward, born at Odington, in Gloucestershire, in 1616, died in 1703 He wrote many books; the best known of which is, "Auglia Notitia; or, the Present State of England."

CHAMBERLAYNE, John, son of the preceding, and continuator of that useful book,

The Present state of England," was born about 1670, and died in 1724, having published many ingenious critical, theological, and moral works.

CHAMBERS, Sir Robert, a learned judge, educated at Oxford, chief justice in Bengal, and president of the Asiatic society, died in 1803.

CHAMBERS, Ephraim, author of the celebrated Dictionary of Arts and Sciences which goes under his name, was born at Milton, in the county of Westmoreland. When he became of a proper age, he was put apprentice to Mr. Senex, the globe-maker, a business which is connected with literature, and especially with as

CHAISE, Father de la, a Jesuit, of uncommon abilities, and confessor to Louis XIV., born at Forez, in the province of Lyons, about 1626. The learned Huetius, bishop of Avranches, calls him "a man incredibly well versed in all parts of learning, of philosophy and divinity in par-tronomy and geography. It was during Mr. ticular."

CHALCIDIUS, a Platonic philosopher, of the 3d century.

CHALCONDYLES, Laonicus, an Athenian, of the 15th century, who wrote a history of the Turks.

Chambers' residence with this skilful mechanic, that he contracted that taste for science and learning, which accompanied him through life, and directed all his pursuits. It was even at this time that he formed the design of his grand work, the "Cyclopædia ;" and some of the first articles of it were written behind the counter. He died May 15, 1740. The first edition of the Cyclopædia was published in 1728, in 2 vols. folio. Another edition, with considerable im

CHALCONDYLES, Demetrius, a native of Athens, and one of those learned men whom Pope Nicholas V. sent to Rome to translate the Greek authors into Latin. Under his inspection and care was first published at Florence, inprovements, by Dr. Rees, was begun to be pub1499, the "Greek Lexicon" of Suidas. He died about 1510.

CHALES, Claudius Francis de, a Jesuit, of Chamberi, a royal professor at Lyons, and author of several works, died in 1678.

lished, in weekly numbers, in 1778, and was, in 1785, completed in 4 vols. January 1, 1802, Dr. Rees commenced the publication of an edition still farther enlarged, which has been recently completed in 45 vols. 4to.; most highly adorned, CHALIER, Marie Joseph, a French revolu- and fully illustrated, by engravings, in a style tionist, of sanguinary character; he was guillo-of excellence well suited to the exalted merit of tined in 1793. the work itself; which is at once an ornament to its editor, and to the country.

CHALKLEY, Thomas, a preacher among the Quakers, in Pennsylvania, in 1701, died in Tor- CHAMBERS, Sir William, an eminent architola, while on a visit, in 1741; he published tect, whose name will be transmitted to late some works on religion. posterity as the builder of that great national CHALLE, Charles Michael Angelo, a profes-ornament, Somerset Place. This superb strucsor of painting in the Paris academy, died in ture was begun in 1776, and inhabited in 1785. 1778. Sir William was by birth a Swede, but was CHALMERS, Lionel, M. D., a learned phy-brought over to England at two years of age sician, of South Carolina, published several re- He wrote an excellent "Treatise on Civil Arspectable works on medical subjects, about 1767.||chitecture," a "Dissertation on Oriental GarCHALONER, Sir Thomas, born at London, dening." published "Designs for Chinese Buildabout 1515. He was much employed in embas-ings," &c., and died March 8, 1796. sies and negotiations with foreign courts; and CHAMIER, Daniel, a French protestant, pro

fessor of divinity at Montauban. He drew upad and Odyssey," which are still looked upon the famous edict of Nantes, and was killed in with some respect. He wrote 17 dramatic pieces, and died in 1634.

CHAMPION, Joseph, an Englishman, emi-" Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, nent as a penman.

CHAMPLAIN, Samuel de, a Frenchman, sent on a voyage of discovery to America by Henry IV. An American lake bears his name.[ He died in 1635.

CHAPPEL, William, a very learned and piCHAMPMESLE, Mary Desmares de, a French ous divine, bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, actress of celebrity, died in 1698. in Ireland, born at Lexington, in NottinghamCHANCELLOR, Richard, a celebrated Eng-shire, in 1582, died 1649. He published, the year lish navigator, was engaged in an exploring before his death," Methodus Concionandi ;" voyage, in 1553 that is, "The Method of Preaching;" which, CHANDLER, Mary, an English lady, distin- for its usefulness, was translated into English. guished by her talent for poetry, born at Malines-To this bishop, among other divines, has been bury, in Wiltshire, in 1687, died September 11, ascribed the composition of that excellent book, 1745. "The Whole Duty of Man."

CHAPELLE, Claude Emanuel Lullier, a ce Jebrated French poet, born at Chapelle, in 1621. CHARETTE DE LA COINTRIE, Francis He is said to have been a very pleasant, but Athanasius de, a French royalist, who signalwithal a very voluptuous man, and died in 1586.||ized himself by an able resistance against the CHAPELLE, John de la, secretary to the republican forces, in la Vendee; he was taken prince of Conti, whose life he wrote, died in and shot in 1796. 1723.

CHAPELLIER, Isaac Rene Guy de, a native thor, in the 4th century. of Rennes, a zealous advocate of liberty; he CHARKE, Charlotte, was youngest daughter was guillotined in 1792. of Colley Cibber, the actor, and afterwards poCHAPMAN, George, born in 1557, and high-et laureat. At eight years old she was put to ly celebrated in his time for his dramatic wri-school, but had an education more suitable to a ings, and poetry. Ile translated "Homer's Ili- boy than a girl; and as she grew up, followed

was elected emperor of Germany, in 1518. He resigned his crowns in 1555, retired to a cloister and died in 1558.

CHARLES VI. was proclaimed king of Spain,

the same plan, being more frequently in the stable than in the bedchamber, and mistress of the currycomb, though ignorant of the needle. Her adventures during the remainder of her life, are nothing but one variegated scene of distress-in 1703, and elected emperor of Germany, in es, of a kind which no one can be a stranger 1711. A great part of his reign was spent in 10, who has either seen, or read accounts of war; he died in 1740. those most wretched of all, human beings, the CHARLES VII., elector of Bavaria, in 1726; members of a mere strolling company of actors. he contested the imperial throne with Maria In 1755 she went to London, where she publish-Theresa, and died in 1745. ed the "Narrative of her own Life," to which death put a period, and at the same time, to one continued course of misery, the inevitable consequence of folly, imprudence, and absurdity, in 1759.

CHARLES I., king of Spain, was Charles V., emperor of Germany.

CHARLES II., son and successor of Philip IV, of Spain, in 1665, was the last of the eldest branch of Austrian princes who reigned im Spain. He died in 1700.

CHARLEMAGNE, or CHARLES I., king of France by succession, and emperor of the West by conquest, in 800, (which laid the foundation of the dynasty of the Western Franks, who ruled the empire 472 years, till the time of Ro- CHARLES I., king of England, ascended the dolphus Auspergensis, the founder of the house throne in 1625. His reign was turbulent, and in of Austria.) Charlemagne was as illustrious the civil wars he was defeated. He was at last in the cabinet as in the field; and, though he tried before a self-created court of his subjects, could not write his name, was the patron of men and condemned, and executed, in 1648. of letters, the restorer of learning, and a wise CHARLES II., king of England, was in Hol legislator; he wanted only the virtue of huma-land at the time of the death of Charles I., and nity to render him the most accomplished of was restored to the throne in 1660. He wanted men; but when we read of his beheading 4500 the virtues of his father, and was licentious and Saxons, solely for their loyalty to their prince,immoral; he died in 1685. in opposing his conquests, we cannot think he merits the extravagant encomiums bestowed on him by some historians. He died in 814, in the 74th year of his age.

CHARLES III., king of Spain, son of Philip V., was a monarch of ability and virtue; he died in 1789.

CHARLES II., surnamed the Bald, succeeded to the French crown in 840, was elected emperor by the pope and the Roman people, in 875, and poisoned in 877.

CHARLES III., or Simple, succeeded to the throne of France in 893. He was unequal to the government of a kingdom, and at last died in prison, in 929.

CHARLES IV., the Fair, succeeded to the French throne in 1322, and died in 1328.

CHARLES GUSTAVUS X. ascended the throne of Sweden in 1654. He was a prudent and warlike monarch, and died in 1660.*

CHARLES XI., son and successor of the preceding, was successful in war, and respected as a just prince; he died in 1697.

vhe

CHARLES XII., of Sweden, was born June 27, 1682, and set off in the style, and with the spirit of Alexander the Great. His preceptor asking him what he thought of that hiero?" "I think," says Charles, "that I should choose to be like him " "Aye, but," said the tutor, only ved 32 years." "Oh," answered the prince," that is long enough, when a man has CHARLES V., or Wise, succeeded to the conquered kingdoms." Impatient to reign, he throne of France in 1364. By his abilities and caused himself to be declared of age at 15; and, courage, the English were dispossessed of nearly at his coronation, he snatched the crown from all their provinces in France. He died in 1380. the archbishop of Upsal, and put it upon his CHARLES VI., succeeded to the French head himself, with an air of grandeur that throne in 1380. His inexperience, and a civil struck the people. His whole reign was one war, weakened the kingdom, and the defeat at continued scene of warfare, and concluded at Agincourt, completed his misfortunes. He died the siege of Frederickshall, in Norway, December, 1718; where, as he was visiting the works CHARLES VII., surnamed the Victorious, of his engineers by star-light, he was struck upon succeeded to the throne in 1422. By his great the head by a ball, and killed upon the spot. vigour and activity, he drove the English from He might be called the Quixotte of the north, his kingdom, and died in 1461. carrying all the virtues of the hero to an excess, CHARLES VIII., called the Affable, ascend-which made them as dangerous and pernicious ed the throne in 1483. After having conquered as the opposite vices. His firmness was obstiItaly, and being crowned king of Naples, and emperor of Constantinople, he was driven into France, and died in 1498.

in 1422.

CHARLES IX., ascended the throne in 1560. During his reign, the fatal massacre of St. Bartholomew took place, which renders his name odious. He died in 1574.

nacy; his liberality, profusion; his courage, rashness; his severity, cruelty; he was, in his last years, less a king than a tyrant, and more a soldier than a hero. The projects of Alexander, whom he affected to imitate, were not only wise, but wisely executed: whereas Charles, knowing nothing but arms, never regulated any CHARLES, the Fat, son of Lewis, the of his movements by policy, according to the German, was elected king of Italy, and em- exigencies of the conjuncture; but suffered himperor, in 881. By the intrigues of his prime self to be borne along by a brutal courage, which minister, he was driven from his throne, and died in 888.

CHARLES IV., grandson of the emperor Henry VII., ascended the imperial throne, in 1347. He founded the university of Prague, and died in 1378.

CHARLES V., eldest son of Philip, of Austria, ascended the Spanish throne in 1516, and

often led him into difficulties, and at length occasioned his death. He was, in short, a singu lar, rather than a great man.

CHARLES I., king of Naples, and brother to the king of France, was an able and politic prince; he died in 1285.

CHARLES II., king of Naples, surnamed the Lame, employed himself in promoting peace

and commerce, and the practice of religion
among his people; he died in 1309.
CHARLES III., king of Naples, grandson of
the preceding, obtained the kingdom in 1380,
and died in 1386.

CHARPENTIER, Francis, dean of the French CHARLES II., king of Navarre, surnamed the Bad. Cruelty and artifice marked his con-academy, a man of learning and abilities, died in 1702. duct; he died in 1387.

CHARRIER, Mark Anthony, a French lawCHARLES MARTEL, son of Pepin Heristal, and duke of Austrasia, conquered France, deyer, and member of the states general, in 1789, feated and slew 375,000 of the Saracens, and who boldly denounced all innovations. He was condemned to death, in 1794.. died in 741.

CHARRON, Peter, born at Paris, in 1541, died CHARLES, duke of Burgundy, surnamed the Warrior, was generally successful, but at last in 1603. He wrote a book called "Les Trois Verités," The Three Truths, which he pubslain, in 1477. CHARLES, count of Flanders, in 1119. Helished in 1594. These three truths are the folwas benevolent and virtuous, but was slain in 1124.

CHARLES I., duke of Lorraine, claimed the French crown, but was defeated, and died in 994. CHARLES IL, duke of Lorraine, a prudent and warlike prince, died in 1430.

CHARLES IV., duke of Lorraine, was fond of military glory, but lost his dominions, and died in 1675.

CHARLES V., of Lorraine, nephew of Charles IV., entered the service of the emperor Leopold, and acquired great military renown; he died in 1690.

CHARLES ALEXANDER, of Lorraine, grandson of Charles V., was general of the imperial armies, and a brave warrior; he died in 1780.

CHARLES EMANUEL, duke of Savoy, surnamed the Great, an ambitious prince, and brave warrior, died in 1630.

CHARLES EMANUEL II., son of Victor Amadeus I., and duke of Savoy, in 1638. He was an amiable and benevolent prince, and died in 1675.

amazed, being at a loss to know who the villain was; and he was likely to escape; but somebody happened to cast an eye upon him, and he was taken at a venture; the wildness of his look, as it is said, betraying him. He was sentenced to death by a decree of the parliament, December 29, 1594, and suffered the same day by the light of flambeaux. Being drawn on a sledge to la Place de Grève, (a place of execution like Tyburn, in England,) he there had the flesh of his arms and thighs torn off with redhot pincers; and his right hand, in which he CHARNOCK, John, born November 28, 1756, held the knife wherewith he endeavoured to entered a gentleman-commoner of Merton Col-commit the murder, cut off; afterwards his lege, Oxford, 1774, died in the King's Bench pri- body was drawn and quartered by four horses son, May 16, 1807; leaving behind him, among pulling several ways, and his members and other works, "Biographia Navalis;" 6 vols. 8vo. corpse thrown into the fire, and burnt to ashes, 1794, &c.; "A History of Marine Architecture," and the ashes thrown up into the air. 3 vols. 4to., 1802; and a "Life of Lord Nelson,' 1806. His father, who was a man of large for- tic and author, died in 1712. CHASTELLUX, Francis John, marquis de, tune, totally forsook him in his distress; but buried him, with great ceremony and expense, field marshal of France, served in America, in at Lea, near Blackheath, in the same grave the war of the revolution, was known as an auwhich, within two years after, received both his thor, and died in 1788. father and mother.

CHARNOCK, Stephen, an eminent divine among the presbyterians and independents, who published his works in 2 vols. folio, and died in 7680.

CHAT DE RASTIGNAC, Raymond de. a brave French officer, killed in 1696.

CHAT DE RASTIGNAC, Lewis James de, of the same family was bishop of Tours; he died in 1750. 119