LYNCH, Thomas, jun., a native of South Carolina, born in 1749. He was a member of the Congress of 1776, and one of the signers of the declaration of Independence. He was lost at sea after 1779.

Wittembergh, it was remarked that he grew purpose he wrote a book entitled, "Euphues unusually pensive, and more austere in his life and his England," in 1582, which met with a and conversation: he likewise read and ex-degree of success unusual with the first atpounded the sacred writings in lectures and ser- tempters of reformation; being almost immedimons, and threw new lights on obscure passa-ately and universally followed. He also wrote ges: the minds of his auditors being thus pre- 9 plays, and died in distressed circumstances pared, a favourable occasion soon offered for about 1600. carrying into execution his grand plan of reformation. In 1517, pope Leo X. published his indulgencies. Albert, archbishop of Mentz and Magdeburgh, was commissioner for Germany, and was to have half the sum raised in that country; Tecelius, a Dominican friar, was de-|| puted to collect, with others of his order, for Saxony, and he carried his zeal so far, as to declare his commission to be so extensive, that no crime could be too great to be pardoned; by purchasing indulgencies, not only past sins, but those intended, were to be forgiven. Against these vile practices Luther openly preached, with wonderful success, and thus began the Reformation in Germany. Luther died in 1546.|| LUTTI, Benedetto, an eminent Italian painter, born at Florence, in 1666, died in 1724. LUXEMBOURG, Francis Henry de Montmorency, duke of, a famous general, and marshal of France, died in 1694.

LUYKEN, John, a Dutch engraver, born at Amsterdam; he died in 1712.

LYNDE, Sir Humphrey, an English author who wrote against popery; he died in 1636. LYNDE, Benjamin, a judge, and afterward chief justice of the superior court of Massa chusetts, died in 1745.

LYNDE, Benjamin, son of the preceding also held the office of chief justice of Massa chusetts, which he resigned, în 1772. LYNDON, Josias, governor of the colony of Rhode Island, died in 1778.

LYONNET, Peter, secretary to the states of Holland, a man highly eminent for his great and various learning: viz. he knew 9 languages. was skilled in music, painting, engraving, sculp ture, divinity, law, natural history, &c.; he died in 1789.

1775.

LYONS, Israel, a celebrated English matheLUYTS, John, a native of Holland, profes-matician, born at Cambridge, in 1739, died in vor of mathematics and philosophy, at Utrecht. He wrote several works, and died in 1712. LYCOPHRON, son of Periander, of Corinth, 628 B. C. murdered by the Corcyreans.

LYSANDER, a famous Spartan general, who defeated the Athenian fleet, and ended the 27 years war. He fell in battle, 396 B. C.

LYCOPHRON, a Greek tragic poet and LYSERUS, Polycarp, an abie German thengrammarian, flourished about 304 years before Mogian, author of several learned commentaChrist, and wrote a poem entitled " Alexan-rics on the Scriptures; he died in 1601. dria," containing a long course of predictions, LYSERUS, John, a protestant divine, of the which he supposes to be made by Cassandra, same family as the above, a man of great learndaughter of Priam, king of Troy. This poem ing, and famous for a work in defence of polyhas created a great deal of trouble to the learn-gamy; he died in 1684.

ed, on account of its obscurity. Suidas has LÝSIAS, an ancient Athenian orator. Plupreserved the titles of 20 tragedies of his com-tarch and Photius relate, that 425 orations were posing. formerly exhibited under the name of Lysias; of which 34 only are now extant. He died 378 B. C.

LYCURGUS, a celebrated Spartan legislator, flourished 870 B. C.

LYSIMACHUS, one of Alexander's generals, was killed in battle, 286 B. C.

LYCURGUS, an Athenian orator, 408 B. C. He studied under Plato and Isocrates. LYDE. See JOINER. LYSIPPUS, a celebrated Greek statuary, LYDGATE, John, an Augustine monk of St. who flourished in the time of Alexander the Edmundsbury, and a poet, flourished in the Great, and chiefly excelled in the hair of the reign of Henry VI. He was a disciple and ad-heads, and the proportion of his figures. mirer of Chaucer; and, according to some cri- LYSIS, a Pythagorean philosopher, master tics, excelled his master in the art of versitica-of Epaminondas, died 388 B. C. tion. He died in 1440. LYSONS, Daniel, an English physician, auLYDIAT, Thomas, an eminent English chro-thor of inany Essays, particularly on Camphor nologer and astronomer, born in 1572, died in and Calomel in Fevers, on Intermittent Fe 1646. vers, Dropsies, &c. &c.; be died in 1800. LYE, Edward, a learned divine and anti- LYSONS, Samuel, an antiquary, born in quary, born in 1704. He published, among other 1763. He studied at the Middle Temple, and works, an edition of the "Etymologicon Angli was there called to the bar. On the death of canum," by Junius, with many additions, and Mr. Astle, he was appointed keeper of the reto which he prefixed an Anglo-Saxon Gram-cords in the Tower. His chief works are," Anmar; "The Gothic Gospels," with a Grammar tiquities of Gloucestershire;" "Collection of of that language; and after his death, which Romau Remains;" and "Magna Britannia," in happened, in 1767, came out his " Anglo Saxon conjunction with his brother. He died in 1819. and Gothic Dictionary."

LYTE, Henry, a native of Somersetshire, where he established the best botanical garden in England; he died in 1607.

LYLY, or LILLY, John, born in 1553. He took his masters' degree at Magdalen-college, Oxford, in 1575; and afterwards went to court, LYTTELTON, Edward, lord keeper of the where he was taken much notice of by queen great seal of England, in the reign of Charles Elizabeth, and had expectations of being pre-1, and an eminent law-reporter, born in 1589, ferred to the post of master of revels; but was, died in 1645.

after many years' attendance, disappointed. He LYTTELTON, George lord, an elegant hisis considered as the first who attempted to rytorian, poet, and miscellaneous writer, born in form and purify the English language. For this 1709, died in 1773. His principal writings are.

- The Progress of Love;"" Persian Letters;" who published Chronological Abridgment of "Observations on the Conversion and Apostle the Old and New Testament," "A Moral Histo ship of St. Paul," and "The History of Henryry," &c.; he died at Paris, in 1721. the Second." MACE, Thomas, a practitioner on the lute LYTTELTON, Thomas lord, son of the pre-distinguished among musical men, was born in ceding, a young nobleman of very considerable 1613, and died in 1679.

parliamentary talents, but of a gay and dissi- MACEDO, Francis, a jesuit, of Portugal, who pated mind; he was cut off from a race of luxury was promoted to offices of trust, by pope Alerand sensuality, if not of infidelity, under cir-ander VII. He published 109 different works, cumstances peculiarly impressive; having been and wrote, or pronounced 150,000 verses externwarned in a vision three days before his death, poraneously; he died in 1681.

which happened accordingly without any pre- MACEDONIUS, Arian, bishop of Constanvious illness. His lordship was born in 1744,tinople, in 341. He was deposed by a council, and died in 1779. and caused great commotion and trouble in his

LYTTELTON, Dr. Charles, bishop of Cardiocess. lisle, and an eminent antiquary, died in 1768.

M

MAAS, Dirk, a Dutch painter, whose representations of battles and landscapes, were much admired, was born in 1656.

MAAS, Arnold, a Dutch painter, eminent for representing people in conversation. MAAS, Nicholas, an eminent Dutch portrait painter, died in 1693.

MABILLON, John, a very learned theological and historical writer, of France, born in 1632, died in 1707.

MACER, Æmelius, a Latin poet, of Verona, in the age of Augustus.

MACER, Lucius Claudius, declared himself emperor on Nero's death; he was put to death by Galba, in 68.

MACFARLANE, Henry, a Scotch writer, author of a history of the reign of George III., in 4 vols.

MACFARLANE, Robert, a miscellaneous writer, born in Scotland, in 1734. He was for some years a reporter of speeches in parliament. He afterwards kept a boarding school of great reputation. Mr. Macfarlane published "The History of George III.," and translated the poMABLY, Gabriel Bonnot de, better knowners of Ossian into Latin. He died in 1804 of by the name of Abbe de Mabiy, born in 1709, bruises received at a Brentford election. died in 1785. He was a man of great talents, MACGREGORE, James, an Irish clergyman and wrote several valuable works; but his who came to America, to avoid religious perse"Treatise sur la Maniere d'ecriere l'Histoire,"cution, and was settled in Londonderry, Newis that by which he is best known in England. Hampshire; he died in 1729. MABOUL, James, bishop of Aeth, in France, admired for his cloquence as a preacher; he died in 1723.

MABUSE, John, a Hungarian painter. His best picture is the decapitation of St. John; he died in 1562.

MACHAM, Robert, an Englishman, who, in the reign of Edward III., eloped with his mistress, and with her was shipwrecked on the Island of Madeira, which was before unknown The crew escaped with the news, and a ship being sent to the newly discovered island, found

MAC ARDELL, James, an English mezzo-the two lovers buried under a tree. tinto engraver, died in 1765.

MACARIUS, St., a celebrated hermit, said to have been a disciple of St. Anthony, born at Alexandria, in 301. Fifty homilies in Greek, attributed to him, are extant.

MACHAULT, John de, a French jesuit, rector of Clermont college at Paris. He wrote Latin notes on the History of Thuanus, said to be seditious, and which were burned by the hangman; he died in 1619. Two other jesuits of the same name were able writers.

MACARIUS, St., born at Alexandria, where he presided over 5000 monks; he died in 394. MACHET, Gerard, principal of the college MACARTNEY, George, earl, a celebrated of Navarre, confessor to Charles VII. of France, Irish statesman, who, after having been sent on and bishop of Castres, died in 1448. several important embassies, and being knighted MACHIAVEL, Nicholas, a native of Floby the king of Poland, and by the king of Eng-rence, born in 1469, was secretary, and after land, was selected as ambassador extraordinary wards historiographer, to the republic of Flo from Great Britain to China. On his return, herence, and wrote a history of that commonwealth was made an Irish baron. He married lord Bute's daughter, and died in 1806. MACAULAY. See GRAHAM. MACBETH, usurper of the Scottish crown, slain in 1054.

MACBRIDE, David, an Irish physician, who acquired great celebrity as a practitioner, in Dublin. He was the author of "Theory and Practice of Medicine," a work formerly in great request; he died in 1788.

from 1215 to 1494, of all his writings, that by which he has been chiefly distinguished is a treatise of politics, entitled "The Prince;" the purpose of which is, to describe the arts of government, as they are usually exercised by wicked princes and tyrants; and which is considered as a masterpiece in its kind. He died in 1530.

M'KEAN, Thomas, LL. D., a distinguished actor in the American revolution, was a member of congress from Delaware, one of the signers MACCABEES, seven brothers, Jews, who, of the declaration of Independence, president with their mother were put to death, at Antioch,of congress, and governor of Delaware; he daring the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes, died in 1817. 168 B. C.

M'KEAN, Joseph, D. D. LE D., professor of MACCLINTOCH, Samuel, D. D., an Ame-rhetoric and oratory in Harvard college, died at rican clergyman, settled at Greenland, New-Havana, where he had gone for his health, in Hampshire; he died in 1804.

MACDIARMID, John, an English writer, author of "An Inquiry in the System of Military Defence," and other works; he died in 1808.

MACE, Francis, a writer of the Sorbonne,

1818.

M KEEN, Joseph, D. D., a distinguished eler gyman, of New-Hampshire,afterwards president of Bowdoin college, Maine; be died in 1807. MACKENZIE, Sir George, an ingenious wri

ter, born at Dundee, in 1636. He was bred to the bar, made king's advocate, and knighted. He wrote numerous and valuable works upon the laws and antiquities of Scotland, and died in England, in 1691.

MACPHERSON, David, sub commissierer of the public records, died in 1816; baving published "Geographical Illustrations of Scottish History," "Annals of Commerce," and "History of the European Commerce with India." MACKEY, John, an Englishman, who fol- MACPHERSON, James, a Scotch gentleman, lowed the fortunes of James II. in his exile; but distinguished in the literary world by the publi traitorously betrayed his master's secrets to cation of what he called a Translation of the William III He wrote some curious and in-poems of Ossian, the son of Fingal, which apteresting works, and died in 1726. peared in the year 1762, and excited a long and MACKLAINE, Archibald, a pious divine, acrimonious controversy respecting their auther born in Ireland, in 1722, but educated at Glasticity. Mr. Macpherson also published a transgow. He was pastor of the English congrelation of the "Iliad," in heroic prose;" "A gation at the Hague from 1745 till 1794, when History of Great Britain from the Restoration, the French invasion induced him to leave Hol in 1660 to the Accession of the House of Hanoland, and he settled at Bath, where he died in ver," and "Original State Papers from the 1804. His best known work is a translation of Stuart and Hanover Collections." He was Mosheim's "Ecclesiastical History." born in 1738, and died in 1796. MACPHERSON, sir John, governor general of India, died in England, in 1821.

MACLAVRIN, Colin, an eminent Scotch mathematician and philosopher, born in Scotland, in 1698, died in 1746. His writings are very numerous, and highly valuable for the purposes 01 geography and navigation.

MACQUART, James Henry, a native of Rheims,, eminent as a physician, author of a translation of Haller's works 5 vols.; he died

MACLEAN, John, M. D., a native of Scot-in 1768. land, came to America, in 1791, and was soon MACQUER, Philip, a French lawyer, but after appointed professor of chymistry and na-chiefly celebrated for his chronological abridg tural history, and afterwards of mathematicsment in the manner of Henault, was born in and natural philosophy, at Princeton college, 1720, and died in 1770. New-Jersey. He was subsequently professor of natural philosophy and chymistry, in the college of William and Mary, Virginia, which he resigned on account of his health, and died at Princeton, in 1814.

MACQUER, Peter Joseph, a French physician and chymist of great reputation; he died in 1784.

MACRET, Charles Francis Adrian, an eminent engraver, born at Abbeville, in 1783. MACKLIN, Robert, a native of Scotland, MACRIANUS, Titus Fulvius Julius, an Egyp remarkable for his longevity. He died in New-tian, who, from a private soldier, became a geHampshire, in 1787, at the age of one hundred |neral, and then emperor, A. D. 258. and fifteen. MACRINUS, Marcus Opilius Severus, an MACKLIN, Charles, an actor and dramaticAfrican, who, from the most obscure situation, writer, remarkable for his longevity, having rose to the dignity of emperor, on the death of been born in the north of Ireland about the Caracalla; he was put to death A. D. 218. month of May, 1690, and lived till July 11, 1797. MACRINUS, John, a Latin poet, of France, His real name was M'Laughlin, which, to rencalled the French Horace; he died in 1557. der more pleasing to the English ear, he changed MACROBIUS, Ambrosius Aurelius Theodoto Macklin. He became an actor in the Lincoln's sius, an ancient Latin critic and antiquary, who Inn Fields company, in 1716. His last stage flourished toward the latter part of the 4th cenperformance was his ever memorable character tury. of Shylock, at Covent Garden theatre, in 1790, MACWHORTER, Alexander, D. D., an emiwhen his memory wholly failed him, and henent presbyterian clergyman, of New-Jersey, took leave of the audience for ever. died in 1807.

MACKLIN, Thomas, a print-seller in Fleet- MADAN, Martin, an English divine, author street, London, to whose spirited and enterpris of "Thoughts on Polygamy," of a literal transing exertions the professors of historical paint-lation of Juvenal and Persius, and of several ing and engraving were indebted for many bril-other publications, was born in 1726, and died liant opportunities of displaying and improving in 1790. their talents in the exhibition of "The Poets' MADDEN, Dr. Samuel, an Irish divine, pat Gallery." Mr. Macklin's edition of the Bible riot, and dramatic poet. In 1731, he projected a will ever remain an unrivalled monument of scheme for promoting learning in the college at the taste and energy of the individual who Dublin, by premiums. In 1740 we find him setplanned and carried into execution so veryting apart the annual sum of 100l. to be distribumagnificent an undertaking. He was born at Dublin, in 1751, and died in 1800.

ted by way of premiums, to the inhabitants of Ireland only, viz: 50l. to the author of the best M'KNIGHT, Charles, an eminent physician invention for improving any useful art or manu and surgeon, of the revolutionary army, after-facture; 251. to the person who should execute wards settled at New-York; he died in 1791.

MACKNIGHT, Dr. James, an eminent clergyman of the church of Scotland, distinguished by his learned and useful labours in illustration and defence of the New Testament, was born in 1721, and died at Edinburgh, in 1800. Of his various works, the most distinguished is, "The Harmony of the Four Gospels."

the best statue or piece of sculpture; and 251. to the person who should finish the best piece of painting, either in history or landscape; the premiums to be decided by the Dublin Society, of which Dr. Madden was the institutor. The good effects of these well applied benefactions have not only been felt in the kingdom where they were given, but have even extended their no-iufluence to its sister country; baving given rise to the society for the encouragement of arts and sciences, in London. He died in 1765. MADDERSTEG, Michael, an eminent pain

MACNEIL, Hector, a Scotch poet and velist of much celebrity, died in 1818. MACON, Anthony le, a native of Dauphiny, who translated Decameron, to please the queen of Naples, to whom he was private secretary.ter, of Amsterdam, died in 1709.

MADISON, James, D. D., bishop of the epis-land and other countries for his intimate aecopal church in Virginia, and a professor and quaintance with most branches of natural phipresident in the college of William and Mary, losophy, and no less ingenious in his expertin that state; he died in 1812.

MADISON, George, son of the preceding, was governor of the state of Kentucky. He died in 1816.

MADOG, a Welch prince, said to have sailed with 10 ships and 300 men about 1170, and never to have returned; some suppose he came to America.

MADOX, Isaac, bishop of Worcester, born in London, in 1697, died in 1759. He published "A Vindication of the Government, Doctrine, and Worship of the Church of England established in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth," was a great benefactor to the London hospitals, and the first promoter of the Worcester infirmary, in 1745. His lordship rose to preferiment from a very low station in life.

ments therein, particularly in mechanics, was born at Lisbon, in 1723. Among his smaller works was a much esteemed tract on impregnating common water with fixed air; and his celebrated invention to imitate the qualities and effects of all medical waters, Bath, Tunbridge, &c. He died in 1790.

MAGELLAN, Ferdinand, a celebrated Portuguese navigator, who, in 1519, discovered and passed the straits at the extremity of South America, which have been since called by his name. He soon after took possession of the Ladrone and Phillippine islands, where he was killed by the natives, in 1520.

MAGGI, Charles Maria, an Italian poet, and one of the most active restorers of elegant taste in Italy; he died in 1699.

MAGINUS, John Anthony, a native of Padua, and mathematical professor at Bologna; he died in 1617.

MADOX, Thomas, a learned antiquary, and historiographer-royal, who, with indefatigable industry, collected and explained, at different times, a number of records relating to the an- MAGISTRIS, Simon de, an Italian, well cient laws and constitution of England, died in known for his deep knowledge of Latin, Greek, 1727. His chief works are, "The History and and Hebrew. He was made bishop of Cyrene, Antiquities of the Exchequer;" and "Firma and left several works; he died in 1802. Burgi, or A Historical Essay concerning the MAGIUS, Jerome, an ingenious and learned Cities, Towns, and Boroughs of England." Mr. mathematician, philosopher, and critic, of TusMadox's large and valuable collection of trans-cany, judge of the admiralty for the Venetians, cripts, in 94 vols. folio and quarto, were pre- in the isle of Cyprus, which city he bravely de sented by his widow to the British Museum, where they are now preserved.

MÆCEÑAS, Caius Clinius, the great friend and counsellor of Augustus Caesar, and himself a very polite scholar, but chiefly memorable for having been the patron and protector of men of letters, died 8 B. C. All the protectors and patrons of learning since his death have usually been called Mæcenases.

MAES, Godfrey, of Antwerp, an eminent historical painter, died in 1660.

MÆSTLINUS, Michael, a German astronomer, of great learning, master of Kepler, died in 1590.

MAFFEI, Francis Scipio, of Verona, a celebrated dramatic writer, antiquary, and critic, born in 1675, and died in 1755.

MAFFEI, Raphael, a learned author, died in

1521.

fended against the Turks, inventing several machines to annoy the besiegers and destroy their works; but, the city being taken, those savages burned his curious library, carried him in chains to Constantinople, and strangled him in prison, in 1572.

MAGIUS, Bartholomew, brother of Jerome, a physician of Bologna, author of a treatise on gunshot wounds, died in 1552.

MAGLIABECCHI, Antony, librarian to the grand duke of Tuscany, and editor of some scarce Latin authors, born at Florence, in 1633, died in 1714. His name is very famous among the learned; but a prodigious memory was his distinguishing talent. As an instance of this. Mr. Spence tells the following story of him, which indeed seems hardly credible: "A gentleman, to make trial of the force of his memo ry, lent him a manuscript that he was going to print. Some time after it was returned, the gentleman came to him with a melancholy face, and pretended that it was lost. Magliabeechi, being requested to recollect what he remembered of it, wrote the whole without missing a word, or varying the spelling." His attention was wholly absorbed by his books and studies. MAFFEI, Bernardin, a learned cardinal, who As he led a most sedentary life, and yet arrived distinguished himself by a " Commentary upon to an extreme old age, (for he died in his 81st Tully's Epistles," and a "Treatise upon Me-year,) it may be curious to subjoin an account dals and Inscriptions," died in 1529.

MAFFEI, Vegio, a Latin poet, born in Lombardy, in 1407, was author of "Epigrams," and Supplement to Virgil," which he called the 13th book of the "Eneid." Julius Scaliger and Gerard. Vossius have declared him a great poet. His prose works are also esteemed. He died in 1459.

MAFFEI, John Peter, a learned jesuit, born in 1536; who, after living in high favour with several popes, died in 1603.. We have of his "A Latin Life of Ignatius Loyola," "A His tory of the Indies," and "A Latin translation of some letters written by the Missionaries from the Indies."

of the regimen that he observed; which is given us by Marmi, who composed his eulogium. "He always kept his head warmly covered, and took, at certain times, treacle, which he esteemed an excellent preservative against noxious vapours. He loved strong wine, but drank it soberly, and in small quantities. He lived upon the plainest and most ordinary food. He took tobacco, to which he was a slave to excess; but was absolute master of himself in every other particular." MAGNENTIUS, a German, who, from MAGANZA, John Baptist, a historical pain-private soldier, became emperor of Rome, A. D. ter, of Vicenza, died in 1617.

MAGALOTTI, Lorenzo, count, a native of Florence, was an elegant and curious naturalist; he died in 1712.

350.

MAGELHAENS, John Hyacinth de, F. R. S., MAGNI, Valerian, a native of Milan, sent a studious, ingenious, and learned man, parti- missionary to the north of Europe, by pope Urcularly distinguished among the literati in Eng-ban VIII., died in 1661.

MAGNON, John, a French poet, who formed ans. It is the universal doctrine of the Slan a plan of writing an Encyclopedia in verse; he was murdered in 1662

MAGNUS, John, archbishop of Upsal, who warmly opposed the reformation in Sweden, of which country he wrote a history in 24 books; he died in 1544.

metans that their religion is to be propagnie d by the sword, and that all true mussulmen are bound to fight for it. To reconcile the minds of the cowardly, and add vigour to the brave, he invented his doctrine of fate and destiny telling them, that those who were slain in battle, MAGNUS, Olans, brother of the preceding, though they had tarried at home in their houses, and his successor as archbishop. He is author must, nevertheless, have died at that moment, of a folio work on the manners and customs of the time of every man's life being predetermin the people of the North; he died in 1560. ed by God; but that those who died fighting MAHMED, Aga, a noble Persian, of great for the faith, gained the advantage of dying mar renown as a warrior; he died in 1788. tyrs for their religion, and immediately entered MAHOMET, or MOHAMMED, a celebrated into Paradise, as the reward of it. Having at impostor, and founder of the Mahometan reli length been established in the temporal, sove gion, born in 571, at Mecca, a city of Arabia, reignty, which he had long been aiming at, Ma of the tribe of the Korashites, which was reck- homet assumed all the insignia belonging there oned the noblest in all that country, and was de to; still retaining the sacred character of chief cended in a direct line from Pher Koraish, the pontiff of his religion, as well as the royal with founder of it. In his 40th year he began to which he had been invested. He transmitted take upon him the style of the Apostle of God, them both together to all his successors, who and under that character to propagate the im- by the title of caliphs reigned after him. He posture which he had concerted. On his first died Sept. 12, 632, in consequence of having, 3 appearance, he was treated with derision and years before, eaten of a shoulder of mutton contempt, and called by the people, a sorcerer, which had been poisoned by a daughter of his magician, liar, impostor, and teller of fables, of host, at Caibar. He was buried in the place which he frequently complains in the Koran; where he died, which was in the chamber of his so that for the first year he made little or no pro-best-beloved wife, at Medina, where he lies to gress; but persevering in his design, which he this day.

managed with great address, he afterwards gain- MAIOMET I., emperor of the Turks, was ed many proselytes, among which were some son of Bajazet I., and succeeded his brother of the most considerable men of the city. The Moses, whom he slew in 1413. He restored the main arguments which Mahomet used to delude power of the Ottomans to its ancient glory. men into a belief of this imposture, were pro-| MAHOMET II., the 11th sultan of the Turks mises and threats, being those which he knew was born at Adrianople, in 1420; and is to be would work the easiest on the affections of the remembered chiefly for taking Constantinople, vulgar. His promises were chiefly of paradise; in 1453, and thereby driving many learned which with great art he framed agreeably to the Greeks into the West, which was a great cause customs and taste of the Arabians: for they, lyof the restoration of learning in Europe, as the ing within the torrid zone, were, through the Greek literature was then introduced there. He nature of their climate, as well as the then ex- was the first of the Ottoman emperors whom cessive corruption of their manners, exceeding the Western nations dignified with the title of ly given to the love of women; and the scorch- Grand Seignior, or Great Turk; which posteriing heat and dryness of the country making ri-ty has preserved to his descendants. He died vers of water, cooling drinks, shaded gardens, in 1481. and pleasant fruits, most refreshing and delight MAHOMET III. succeeded his father Amuful to them, they were from hence apt to place rath III, in 1595. He began his reign by strangtheir highest enjoyment in things of this nature; ling 19 of his brothers, and drowning 10 of his and therefore, to answer the height of their car father's wives. He invaded Hungary with nal desires, he made the joys of heaven to con- ||200,000 men, and died in 1603. sist totally in these particulars, which he promi- MAHOMET IV., emperor of the Turks, re ses them abundantly in many places of the Koduced Candia with the loss of 200,000 men; he ran. On the contrary, he described the punish then invaded Poland, and laid the kingdom unments of hell, which he threatened to all who der an annual contribution, of 20,000 crowns. would not believe in him, to consist of such tor-He was afterwards deposed, and died in 1691. ments as would appear to them the most afflict- MAHOMET V., succeeded to the throne, in ing and grievous to be borné: as that they should 1730. He was more respectable for his pacific drink nothing but boiling and stinking water, disposition than for his military exploits; he nor breathe any thing but exceeding hot winds, died in 1754. things most terrible in Arabia; that they should MAHUDEL, Nicholas, a physician, at Paris, dwell for ever in continual fire, intensely burn author of a "Dissertation on the ancient Spaing, and be surrounded with a black, hot, saltmish Money" He died in 1747. smoke, as with a coverlid, &c., and, that he MAIER, Michael, a celebrated German alnight omit nothing which could work on their chymist, who wrote 10 treatises on his profesfears, he terrified them with the threats of griev-sion. He lived in the 17th century. ous punishments in this life. He pretended to MAIGNAN, Emanuel, a native of Toulouse, receive all his revelations from the angel Ga-an able mathematician, and philosopher, and briel, who, he said, was sent from God on pur-for some time, filled a professional chair, at pose to deliver them to him. He was, it seems, Rome; he died in 1676. subject to the falling sickness, so that, whenever MAIGROT, Charles, a learned doctor of the the fit was upon him, he pretended it to be a Sorbonne, bishop of Conon." He went mistrance, and that then the angel Gabriel was sionary to China, and wrote an Examination of come from God with some new revelations to the Chinese worship, &c.; he died in 1720. him. His pretended revelations he put into se- MAILLA, Joseph Anne Maria de Moyrice veral chapters, the collection whereof makes up de, a jesuit, born in Savoy, a most learned and the Koran, which is the bible of the Mahomet-amiable man, who spent 45 years as a mission