ary in China. He translated the "Great Annals of China," published in 12 vols. 4to.; and died, at Pekin, in 1748.

MAILLARD, Oliver, a French doctor of divinity, eminent as a preacher, and author of 3 vols. of Latin Sermons; he died in 1730. MAILLE DE BREZE, Simon de, archbishop, of Tours, was distinguished at the council of Trent. He died in 1597.

MAILLE, Francis, a native of Provence, celebrated for his longevity and the gallantries of his old age; he died in 1709, aged 119.

MAILLE, Urban de, marquis de Breze, well known as a warrior, and afterwards as ambassador, from France to Sweden, and Holland; he died in 1650. His son was distinguished as a naval officer.

MAILLEBOIS, N. count de, lieutenant general in the French armies, distinguished himself in the German wars; and died in 1792.

MAILLEBOIS, John Baptist Desmarets, distinguished himself in the wars of Spain and Italy, and the conquest of Corsica, for which he was made marshal of France; he died in 1762. MAILLET, Benedict de, a learned French man, for 16 years consul general, in Egypt, and author of an account of that country; he died in 1738

MALAVAL, John, a native of Pezan, who gained eminence at Paris, as a surgeon; he died in 1758.

MALBONE, Edward G., a distinguished miniature painter, born at Rhode-Island; he died in 1807.

MALCOLM IV., grandson of David, king of Scotland. He was a liberal and benevolent prince, and founded several monasteries; he died in 1165.

MALCOLM, James Peller, a native of Ame rica, who went to England, and studied painting 295 MAIRE, N. le, a surgeon of Lyons, who ac-at the Royal Academy; but afterwards took to

MALDONAT, John, a Spanish jesuit, born in 1534, made himself famous by an excellent "Commentary upon the Gospels," in 1582, and died in 1583.

engraving. He became a member of the Society MALLET, David, or MALLOCH, a dramatic of Antiquaries; and among other works, pub-writer, born in Scotland about 1700. In 1740, lished "Londinum Redivivum," "Anecdotes he wrote a "Life of Lord Bacon," was assocíof the Manners,and Customs of London," and ated with Thompson the poet, in the composi "Miscellaneous Anecdotes." Mr. M. died in tion of the "Masque of Alfred," and wrote a distressed circumstances, in, 1815. tragedy or two, and several poems. The principal works of this author have been collected in 3 volumes. As a writer, he cannot be placed in any high class; there being no species of composition in which he was eminent; he died MALEBRANCHE, Nicholas, a celebrated in 1765. French divine and philosopher, born in 1638, MALLET, Edmund, a French divine, prodied in 1715. He wrote several works; offessor of divinity in the college of Navarre, at which the first and principal, as indeed it gave Paris. He was one of the writers for the Enrise to almost all that followed, was his " Search ||cyclopedia, of the articles on divinity and belles after Truth." His design in this book is, to lettres, and the author of several other works; point out to us the errors into which we are he died in 1807. daily led by our senses, imagination, and passlons; and to prescribe a method for discovering the truth, which he does by starting the notion of seeing all things in God.

MALĒGUZZI-VALERI, Veronica, a learned Italian lady, who supported publicly, two theses on the liberal arts; she died in 1690.

MALELAS, John, author of a chronicle from the creation to the age of Justinian, taught rhetoric at Antioch, about 900.

MALERMI, or MARERBI, a Venetian monk, who translated the Bible into Italian, in the 15th century.

MALLET, Dupan, an eminent political writer, who took refuge in England from the revo lutionary mania of France, and was no less distinguished by the extent of his knowledge and the vigour of his style, than by the probity and independent spirit of his character. He was born at Geneva, about 1750, and died in 1800.

MALLINKROTT, Bernard, a very learned, but turbulent man, dean of the cathedral of Munster. He was degraded and imprisoned; and died in 1664.

MALMSBURY. See WILLIAM.

university of Dublin. In 1767, he was called to the bar in London; but he continued a very short time in the profession, and turned his pursuits to literature. In 1790 he published an edition of Shakspeare; and in 1795 exposed, the Shakspearean imposture of the Ireland family. He brought out a "Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds;" a "Life of Dryden;" a "Biographical Sketch of the Right Hon. William Windham." He died in 1812.

MALONE, Edmund, born in 1741, was the MALESHERBES, Christian William Lamoig-son of an Irish judge, and was educated at the non, a celebrated Frenchman, and advocate at Paris. In 1750, he was appointed president of the court of Aides, and after serving his country 25 years, retired." He was recalled by Lewis XVI., to become minister of the interior. When Lewis was dragged before the revolutionary tribunal, Malesherbes boldly appeared to defend him, but it was in vain; his noble and virtuous defender, was condemned by the same tribunal, and with his daughter, and a grandchild, as cended the scaffold, where they were executed in 1793. He wrote several celebrated works. MALEZIEU, Nicolas de, a French author, tator to the dukes of Maine and Burgundy. He published" Elements of Geography," &c., and died in 1727.

MALOUIN, Paul James, professor of medicine in the royal college of Paris, and physician to the queen. He wrote on "Chymistry and Medicine," and died in 1777

MALPIGHI, Marcello, an eminent Italian physician and anatomist, born in 1628, died in MALFILLASTRE, James Charles Lewis, 1694. His discoveries in anatomy were cona French poet, who wrote sonnets, odes, &c.;siderable, particularly respecting the liver and he died in 1767. kidneys.

MALTON, Thomas, author of a "Treatise on Perspective, illustrating the principles of Dr. Brook Taylor," well known for his public lectures on that art, and for his theoretical and practical geometry, was born in 1726, and died in 1801.

MALHERBE, Francis de, a noted French poet, who has always been considered by his Countrymen as the father of their poetry, born in 1555, died in 1628. Boileau observes, that he was the first in France who taught the muse barmonious numbers, a just cadence, purity of language, regularity of composition, and order MALVASIA, Charles Cæsar, author of an in short, who laid down all those rules for fine" Italian History of the Painters of Bologna," in writing which future poets were to follow if they hoped to succeed,

MALINGRE, Claude, a French historian, author of a "History of the Honorary Dignities in France;" he died in 1655.

MALIPIERRA, Olympia, a Venetian lady of noble birth, who wrote poems of some merit; she died in 1559.

1660.

MALVEZZI, Virgilio, marquis of, an Italian student at law, who afterwards took to arms, and was employed by Philip IV. He wrote various works in Spanish and Italian; and died in 1654,

MALUS, Stephen Louis, a French mathema tician, professor in the military school at Metz, MALLEMANS, Claude, a professor of philo-afterwards served as an engineer in the army in sophy at Paris, and author of a "Philosophical System of the World;" he died in 1723.

MALLEMANS, John, brother of Claude, took orders, and wrote a "History of Religion," from the creation to the reign of Jovian; he died in 1740.

MALLET, Henry, a writer of Geneva, author of a "History of Denmark and of Northern Antiquities.

Egypt, where he distinguished himself by his discoveries and writings; he died in 1812.

MAMBRUN, Peter, an ingenious and learned French poet and critic, born in 1581. He is, in Latin poetry, one of the most perfect and accomplished among the imitators of Virgil, and has written, in the same metre, the same number of books, and in the three different kinds to which that illustrious poet applied himself

Thus we have of Mambrun "Eclogues;' "Georgics," and a heroic poem in 12 books entitled "Constantine, or Idolatry overthrown." He died in 1661.

MAMMEA, Julia, mother of the emperor Severus, known for her virtues and judicious conduct; she was assassinated in 235.

MAN, Cornelius de, an eminent painter. of Delft, died in 1706.

MANARA, Prosper, an Italian marquis, and poet, and tutor to prince Ferdinand, of Parma; he died in 1800.

MANLEY, Mary, an English female, of con siderable reputation as a writer, but of a wanton and licentious character. She wrote plays and romances, and died in 1724.

MANLIUS, Torquatus, a famous Roman, who put his son to death for fighting without orders, 384 B. C.

MANLIUS CAPITOLINUS MARCUS, a renowned Roman consul and general, who saved the Capitol when it was attacked by the Gauls in the night. He was alarmed by the cries of geese, which were ever after held sacred, and the general himself styled the Capitolinus. He was thrown from the Tarpeian rock, 384 B. C. MANLY, John, a captain in the navy of the the revolutionary war; he died in 1793. MANNING, James, D. D., a distinguished baptist clergyman, who was elected first president of the college at Providence, R. I., and a member of congress from that state; he died in 1791.

MANASSEH, son of Hezekiah, succeeded his father at the age of 12. His conduct was at first wicked and disgraceful, but he became an exemplary monarch, and re-established the wor-United States, distinguished for his services in ship of the God of his fathers; he died 643 B. C.

MANCINELLI, Antonio, an Italian poet, and orator, died in 1506.

MANCO-CAPAC, founder of the Peruvian empire, declared himself the descendant of the sun, and was worshipped as a deity.

MANNINGHAM, Thomas, D. D., a learned MANDEVILLE, sir John, an Englishman, prelate, who became bishop of Chichester, and famous for his traves, born about 1300, died in published some sermons; he died in 1722. 1372. He travelled through almost all coun- MANNORI, Lewis, an advocate of Paris, tries, made himself master of almost all lan-who published "Memoirs of Pleadings" in 18 guages; and left, at his death, an account of vols.; he died in 1778. his travels, in English, French, and Latin, which abounds in improbabilities.

MANNOZZI, John, a painter, who adorned the palace of Lorenzo de Medicis, by the works of his art; he died in 1636.

MANDEVILLE, Bernard de, a celebrated writer in the 18th century, born in Holland, MANSARD, Francis, a Frenchman, first arwhere he studied physic, and took the degree of chitect to the king of France. He adorned Paris doctor in that faculty. He wrote several books, with many elegant designs, and died in 1666. all of them ingenious and witty, but some which His nephew succeeded him, and died in 1708. are supposed to have had a very ill effect upon MANSFIELD, Peter Ernest, count de, an society. His chief work is, "The Fable of the able statesman in the service of the emperor Bees; or, Private Vices made Public Benefits."of Germany; he died in 1604. He died in 1733.

MANSFIELD, Ernest de, natural son of the MANDRILLON, I., a Frenchman, who tra-preceding, distinguished by the emperor Rovelled in America, and Holland. On his return dolphus II.; he died in 1626. to France, he became suspected by Robespierre, who ordered him to the guillotine, in 1793. He wrote the "American Spectator."

MANETHO, an ancient Egyptian historian. MANETTI, Gianozzo, a native of Florence, illustrious as one of those men, to whom the revival of literature may be attributed. He was the author of many works, and died in 1459. MANETTI, Rutilio, a native of Siena, eminent as a painter, died in 1639.

MANETTI, Xavier, professor of botany and medicine, at Florence, was keeper of the imperial garden, and author of several learned books; he died in 1785.

MANSFIELD, earl of. See MURRAY. MANSTEIN, Christopher Herman de, a distinguished officer in the Russian and Prussian service, author of "Memoirs of Russia;" he was shot in battle, in 1757.

MANTEGNA, Andrea, an Italian painter of great eminence, originally a shepherd, died at Mantua, in 1517.

He

MANTICA, Francis, professor of law at Padua, was made a cardinal at Rome. wrote several books in Latin, and died in 1614. MANTINUS, James, a Spanish physician, of the 16th century, who practised at Venice, and translated the works of Avicenna and Aver

MANFREDI, Eustachio, a celebrated matheroe into Latin. matician of Italy, born in 1674, acquired great MANTON, Thomas, D. D., a popular preachreputation by his "Ephemerides," and by biser, in London, and before parliament. At the other works, and died in 1739. restoration, he was chaplain to the king. He MANFREDI, Bartholomew, an eminent pain-wrote sermons and Calvinistic tracts, and died ter, born at Mantua, in 1574. in 1677.

MANGEART, Thomas, a learned Bencdictine antiquary, librarian, and counsellor to the duke of Lorraine. He wrote on medals, and died in 1763.

MANTUAN, Baptist, an Italian poet, whose works possess much animation, and were printed at Paris, in 3 vols. folio, in 1513.

MANUEL, Commenus, emperor of the east,

Egypt; he died in 1180.

MANGENOT, Lewis, a native of Paris, au-made war against Dalmatia, Hungary, and thor of eclogues, fables, tales, &c., died in 1768. MANGET, John James, physician to the elector of Brandenburgh, and the learned author of many works, was born at Geneva, and died in 1742.

MANGEY, Thomas, D. D., prebendary of London. He was the author of commentaries, and practical sermons, and died in 1755. MANILIUS, Marcus. a poet in the reign of Tiberius

MANUEL, Palæologus, king of Constantinople, resigned his throne to his son John, as being more capable of repelling the invasion of the Turks; he died in 1425.

MANUTIUS, Aldus, the first of those cele brated printers at Venice, who were as illustrious for their learning as for uncommon skill in their profession, was born at Bassano, in Italy, about the middle of the 15th century, and thence

297

MARCHAND, Prosper, of Paris, but settled in Holland, where he wa the principal author MANZOULI, Tomaso, a much admired histo-of a "Journal Literaire," which was reckoned rical painter, of Italy, died in 1570.

MAPES, Walter, a poet, chaplain to Henry IL. He wrote in Latin, and his verses are still admired.

MAPLETOFT, Dr. John, a very learned English medical and theological writer, born in 1631,|| died in 1721.

MARACCI, Lewis. See MARRACCI. MARACCI, John, a historical painter, of Lucca, died in 1704.

MARAIS, Marin, a celebrated musician, and composer, born in Paris, in 1656.

MARALDI, James Philip, a celebrated mathematician, who was engaged with Cassinia in constructing the great meridian line through France; he died in 1729.

MARANA, John Paul, born near Genoa, in 1642, published at Paris, "The Turkish Spy," which became very popular. He died in Italy,

MARCILIUS, Theodore, a learned German critic, who visited Paris, and was made professor of the Latin tongue there; he died in 1617. MARCION, a heretic of the 24 century, whose father was a bishop, and excommunicated him for incontinence. It is said, that before his death, he wished to renounce his errors.

MARDONIUS, son-in-law to Darius, was at the head of the army of Xerxes, in his invasion of Greece, and was killed at the battle of Platea, 479 B. C.

MARDUEL, John, a native of Lyons, who became minister of St. Roch, where his conduct as a pastor was most exemplary; he died in 1787.

MARE, or MARA, William de la, a Latin poet, of noble birth, who flourished about 1510. MARBODUS, or MARBODÆUS, surnamed MARE, Philibert de la, counsellor in the parGalus, a monk, bishop of Rennes, author of se-liament of Dijon, and an elegant Latin writer; veral works, died in 1123.

MARE, Nicholas de la, a French magistrate, and author of a valuable treatise on Police; he died in 1723.

MARECHAL, George, a native of Calais, son of a poor officer. He become a surgeon of great fame, and died in 1736.

MARECHAL, Peter Sylvan, a native of Paris, who studied law, and afterwards became a periodical writer during the revolution. Some of his writings are profane and indecent; he died in 1803.

MARETS, Roland des, a native of Paris, aud author of Latin philological letters, of great merit; he died in 1653.

MARETS, John des, a French writer, very debauched in his youth. He afterwards became a great saint and fanatic, and uttered various prophecies. He wrote dramatic pieces, which gained him applause, and died in 1676.

MARETS, Samuel des, a celebrated French divine, of the Reformed church, born in 1599, died in 1663. A chronological table of the works of this celebrated divine may be found at the end of his "System of Divinity." Their number is prodigious, and the variety of their subjects shows an unbounded genius.

MARGARET, sister of Edgar Atheling, fled to Scotland on the invasion of William the Conqueror, and married Malcolm, king of the country. She was an amiable and benevolent princess, and died in 1093.

MARGARET, daughter of Waldemar III., king of Denmark, born in 1353, was styled the Semiramis of the North. She succeeded her father in the throne of Denmark, her husband in that of Norway, and the crown of Sweden was given her as a recompense for delivering the Swedes from the tyranny of Albert, their king. Thus possessed of the three kingdoms, she formed the grand political design of a perpetual union, which she accomplished, pro tempore only, by the famous treaty styled the union of Colmar. She died in 1412.

MARGARET, daughter of Raymond Berenger, count of Provence, married St. Lewis, in 1254, and attended him in his wars to the holy land, where, on his captivity, she behaved with heroic intrepidity; she died in 1285.

MARGARET, daughter of Robert, duke of Burgundy, married Louis Hutin, king of France in 1305. She was a beautiful, but sensual woman, and was strangled in 1315.