ANNAT, Francis, a native of Rouergue, of the order of the Jesuits, teacher of philosophy at Toulouse, died at Paris 1670.

ANSEGISUS, abbot of Lobbes, in the dio cess of Cambray, a man of great learning and application, died 833.

ANNE, of Austria, daughter of Philip II. of Spain, married Lewis XIII., and was the mo-made archbishop of Sens, died 883. ther of Lewis XIV.; she died 1666.

ANSEGISUS, a learned priest of Rheims,

ANNE, of Beaujeu, daughter of Lewis XII. of France, married the duke of Bourbon, and was regent during the minority of her brother, Charles VIII.; she died at Chantelle, 1522. ANNE, of Brittany, first married Maximilian of Austria, next Charles VIII. of France, and afterwards Lewis XII.; she died 1514.

ANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry I., born 1033, at Aost, in Savoy, died at Canterbury 1109. He was the first archbishop who restrained the English clergy from marrying, and was canonized in the reign of Henry VII.

ANSELM, an Augustine monk, author of a chronological history of France, died 1694. ANSELM, Anthony, distinguished as a preach

ANNE, of Cleves, daughter of John III., duke of Cleves, was married to Henry VIII.,er and a poet, died 1737. but was soon divorced, and returned to Cleves; she died 1557.

ANNE, daughter of James II., succeeded William III. as queen of England. In 1683, she married prince George of Denmark, and died

1714.

ANNE, dutchess of the Viennois, after the death of her brother John I., defended her rights against the claims of Robert, duke of Burgundy; she died 1296.

ANNE, of Ferrara, daughter of Hercules II, duke of Ferrara, married Francis, duke of Guise. She was for some time imprisoned at Blois.

ANNEBAUT, Claude d', of an ancient family in Normandy, distinguished himself for his bravery and wisdom, and died 1552.

ANNEIX DE SOUVENEL, Alexis Francis, a learned advocate of the parliament of Britta ny, died 1758.

ANSER, a Latin poet, the friend of Antony, in the age of Horace and Virgil.

ANSON, Peter Hubert, a French writer, memn ber of the national assembly, and farmer of the post, died 1810. .

ANSON, George, lord, was the son of William Anson, Esq., of Shutborough, a very ancient and worthy family in Staffordshire, and was born in 1700. On the breaking out of the Spanish war he was appointed to command a fleet of five ships, destined to annoy the enemy in that dangerous and unfrequented sea which lies beyond America, and in that unexpected quarter to attack them with vigour. His deparANNE, of Russia, married Henry I., king of ture being unaccountably delayed some months France, and afterwards Raoul, a relation of her beyond the proper season, he sailed about the first husband. middle of September, 1740; and about the verANNE, of Cyprus, married Lewis, duke of|nal equinox, in the most tempestuous weather, Savoy; she showed herself able, active, and arrived in the latitude of Cape Horn. He doubled discriminating, at the head of public affairs, and that dangerous cape in the month of March, died 1462, 1741, after a bad passage of 40 days, in which ANNE, of Hungary, married Ferdinand of he lost two ships, and by the scurvy, four or five Austria, and placed him on the throne of Bohe-men in a day. He arrived off Juan Fernandes mia; she died 1547. in June, with only two ships, besides two atANNE, De Gonzague, wife of Edward, Count tendants on the squadron, and 335 men. He left Palatine, died 1684, and was honoured with ait in September, took some prizes, burnt Paita, eulogiun. by Bossuet. and staid about the coast of America till May, 1742. He then crossed the southern ocean, proceeding with the Centurion only, the other ships having been destroyed in August. Having refreshed his crew at Tinian, he sailed in October for China; staid there till the beginning of 1743; waited for the galleon at the Philippine Islands, met her on the 20th of June, and took her. Having sold the prize in China, be set sail for England, December 1743, and on the 15th of June, 1744, arrived at Spithead, having sailed in a fog through the midst of a French fleet then cruising in the channel. In 1747, being then on board the Prince George of 90 guns, in company with Admiral Warren and twelve ships more, he intercepted off Cape Finisterre a powerful fleet, bound from France to the East and West Indies; and by his valour and conduct again enriched himself and his officers, and strengthANNIUS, de Viterbo, a Dominican, whose ened the British navy, by taking six men of war real name was John Nanni, master of the sa-and four East Indiamen, not one of them escap cred palace of Alexander VI.; he died 1502. ing. The French admiral, M. Jonquiere, on ANQUETIL, Lewis Peter, a French historian presenting his sword to the conqueror, said, of eminence, prior of an abbey in Anjou, and Monsieur, vous avez vaincu l'Invincible, et la director of the college of Senlis. His writings Gloire vous suit," pointing to the two ships so are numerous; he died in 1808. named. King George II., for his signal services, ANQUETIL DU PERRON, Abraham Hya-rewarded him with a peerage, by the title of cinth, a native of Paris, enlisted as a common soldier in an expedition fitting out for India, that he might there pursue his favourite study of Oriental literature; he published several works connected with that pursuit, and died 1805.

ANNESLEY, Samuel, L. L. D., a native of Cumberland, died 1696. It is said John Wesley was his grandson by the mother's side.

ANNESLEY, Arthur, earl of Anglesey, and lord privy seal in the reign of king Charles II., born 1614, died 1686. At the sale of his books after his decease, a discovery was made of the earl's famous memorandum, in the blank leaf of an Eikon Basilike; according to which, it was not king Charles I., but bishop Gauden, who was the author of that performance, which produced a long controversy.

Lord Anson, baron of Sobarton, in Hants. He died suddenly at his seat at Moor Park, in Hertfordshire, June 6, 1762. His natural disposition was calm, cool, and steady: but it is reported, that this honest, undesigning seaman was freANSCHARIUS, a Frenchman, bishop of quently a dupe at play; and it was wittily obHamburgh and Bremen, celebrated for the suc-served of him, that he had been round the world. cess of his preaching, died 865.

but pever in it. See ROBINS.

ANTIGONUS, Doson, king of Macedonia, took Sparta, aud defeated the Illyrians; he died 221 B. C.

ANTIGONUS, Carystius, a Greek philosopher, about 300 years B. C.

ANSTEY, Christopher, a lively, but not vo-above, remarkable for his affection to his faluminous poet, born at Trumpington, in Cain-ther; he died 243 B. C. bridgeshire, 1724, died at Hardenhuish, near Chippenham, Wilts, August 3, 1805, in his 81st year. Mr. Anstey was author of several short poems; but is principally known as the inventor of a new and diverting species of poetry, of which, however, he has left but one specimen of any length, which is, "The New Bath Guide,' or, "Memoirs of the B[lunderhea]d family. He ANTIGONUS, son of Aristobulus II., king was educated at King's College, Cambridge, and || of Judea, was led in triumph by Pompey, and intended for the church; but inheriting, some-put to death 27 B. C. what unexpectedly, a moderate fortune, he re

ANTIGONUS, Sochæus, founder of the sect of the Sadducees, about 300 B. C.

ANTIMACHO, Mark Anthony, a native of

signed all thoughts of a clerical life, and passed Mantua, author of some Latin poems, died 1552. the greater part of his time at Bath. A monu ANTIMACHUS, a Greek poet, author of the

ment is erected to his memory in the Poet's cor-Thebaid, or war of Thebes, 408 B. C. ner of Westminster Abbey, by the filial affec- ANTINE, Maur Francois d', born at Goution of his son. vieux, in Liege; he was celebrated for his

ANSTIS, John, an able herald and antiquary,piety, and died 1746. and a very eminent writer, on heraldic subjects, born at St. Neot's, in Cornwall, 1669, died 1744. ANTAGORAS, a Rhodian poet, in the service of Antigonus of Macedon.

ANTELMI, Joseph, a canon of Frejus, in Provence, author of some theological tracts, died 1697.

ANTES, John, a native of America, educated in Germany, a Moravian missionary to Abyssinia, died 1811.

ANTESIGNAN, Peter, a native of Rabastiens in the 16th century, author of a grammar, and editor of Terence.

ANTHEMIUS, Procopius, was killed by his son-in-law Ricimur, 472.

ANTHEMIUS, an architect of Lydia, in the 6th century.

ANTHONY, St., the founder of monastic life, was born at Coma, in Egypt, 251. Two orders of chivalry have been instituted under his name.

ANTHONY, Francis, was born in London. He was a famous empiric, and died 1623.

ANTHONY,John, son of the above, succeeded his father as proprietor of his medicine, and died 1655.

ANTHONY, king of Navarre, a weak and irresolute prince, died 1562.

ANTHONY, titular king of Portugal; he was obliged to fly from his dominions, and died at Paris, 1595.

ANTHONY, illegitimate son of Philip, duke of Burgundy, distinguished for his valour, died 1504.

ANTHONY, a native of Andalusia. Vide ANTONIUS, called Nebrissensis.

ANTHONY, Paul Gabriel, a learned Jesuit, born at Luneville, died 1743.

ANTIOCHUS I., succeeded his father Seleucus, on the throne of Antioch, he died 261 B. C. ANTIOCHUS II., surnamed Theos, lost his dominions by the revolt of the Parthians; he died 264 B. C.

ANTIOCHUS III,, or Great, he was at first successful, but was finally conquered by the Scipios, and died 187 B. C.

ANTIOCHUS IV., son of the Great, succeeded after ins brother Philopater, and died 165 B. C. ANTIOCHUS V. was slain by Demetrius, in the second year of his reign.

'ANTIOCHUS, Sidetes, obtained the crown of Syria, and was slain in battle, 130 B. C. ANTIOCHUS, Grypus, son of Sidetes, fell by the hand of one of his subjects, 97 B. C. ANTIOCHUS, a stoic philosopher of Askalon, 100 B. C.

ANTIOCHUS, a monk of the 7th century, and author of homilies on the Scriptures. ANTIPATER, one of Alexander's generals, died 318 B, C.

ANTIPATER, a stoic philosopher of Sidon. ANTIPATER, Lælius Cæl., a Latin historian. ANTIPATER, a Jew, minister to Hyrcanus, the brother of Aristobulus.

ANTIPATER, a bishop of Bostra, in Arabia, in the 5th century.

ANTIPHILUS, a painter of eminence, and the rival of Apelles.

ANTIPHON, an Athenian orator, and the first who laid down rules for that art; be was put to death 411 B. C.

ANTISTHENES, a philosopher of Athens, founder of the sect of the Cynics. ANTOINETTE, queen of France.

MARIE.

vid.

ANTONI, de Sceaux, a famous rope dancer ANTHONY, a Sicilian, who set fire to the on the French stage, died 1732. arsenal at Gallipoli. ANTONIA, daughter of Mark Antony, marANTHONY, N., an architect from Switzer-ried Drusus, and died in the reign of her grandland, who settled in Paris, died 1801.

son, Caligula.

ANTHONY, of Padua, a Franciscan monk, ANTONIANO, Silvio, a man of great learnwho taught in the Italian universities, died 1231.ing, who raised himself from a low condition ANTHONY, of Pratovecchio, a lawyer of by his merit; his parents being so far from able Tuscany, professor at Bologna, died 1464. to support him in his studies, that they themANTHONY, St., professor of divinity at Tou-selves stood in need of charity. He was born touse, Montpelier, and Padua, died 1231.

ANTHONY, a native of Palermo, a poet and writer, died 1471.

ANTHONY, of Messina, called also Antonello, the first Italian who painted in oil, about 1430.

ANTIGENIDES, a Theban musician. ANTIGONUS I., a Macedonian general, who was slain at the battle of Ipsus, 301 B. C.

ANTIGONUS, Gonatus, grandson of the

at Rome, in 1540, and made a quick and most surprising progress in his studies; for when he was but 10 years old, he could make verses upon any subject proposed to him; and those so excellent, though pronounced extempore, that even Ja man of genius could not compose the like without a good deal of time and pains. There was a proof given thereof at the table of the cardinal of Pisa, when he gave an entertainment one day to several other cardinals. Alex

ANTONINUS, a geographer, whose age is unknown.

ANTONIO, Nicolas, canon of Seville, and author of "Bibliotheca Hispanica," in four volumes folio, died 1684.

Here

Cicero moved for a decree of a general amnesty, or act of oblivion, for all that had passed: to which they unanimously agreed. Antony dis

ander Farnese, taking a nosegay, gave it to this was the reason why Cæsar, the next year, did vouth, desiring him to present it to him of the not admit him his colleague in the consulship: company whom he thought most likely to be he did, however, admit him two years after.pope; he presented it to the cardinal de Medicis,Upon the death of Cæsar, Antony was much and made a eulogium upon him in verse. This frightened, and hid himself during the night, uncardinal, who was pope some years afterwards der the disguise of a.slave; but hearing that the under the name of Pius IV., brought him to conspirators had retired to the capitol, he assemRome, and made him professor of belles-lettres bled the senate as consul, to deliberate upou the in the college at Rome He was afterwards present situation of the commonwealth. chosen rector of the college, and died 1603. ANTONIDES, Vander Goes, John, a poet, born at Goes, in Zealand; he died 1684. ANTONINUS, Pius, a celebrated Roman em-sembled well, for it was nothing but dissimulaperor, succeeded Adrian, 138, and died 161. tion: he seemed to be all goodness; talked of ANTONINUS PHILOSOPHOS, Marcus Au- nothing but healing measures; and, as a proof relius, the Roman emperor, born at Rome, the of his sincerity, moved that the conspirators 26th of April, in the 121st year of the Christian should be invited to take part in their deliberaera, and died on an expedition against the Mar- tions, and sent his son as a hostage for their comanni, in the 19th year of his reign. The safety. Upon this they all came down from the whole empire regretted his loss as a most valua- capitol; and, to crown the joy of the day, Bruble prince, and paid the greatest regard to his tus supped with Lepidus, as Cassius did with memory; he was ranked among the gods, and Antony. Antony is said to have asked Cassius, almost every person had a statue of him in his during supper, "whether he still wore a dagger house. His book of "Meditations" has been under his gown." Yes," replied Cassius, much admired by the best judges. and a very large one, in case you invade the sovereign power." This was what Antony all the while aimed at; and, as the event showed, he pursued his measures with the greatest address He artfully proposed a decree for the confirmation of Casar's acts; and, getting CaANTONIUS, Marcus, one of the greatest sar's register into his power, he proposed as orators ever known at Rome. It was owing to Cæsar's acts whatever suited his purpose. He him, according to Cicero, that Rome might boast procured a public funeral for Cæsar, and took herself a rival even to Greece itself in the art that opportunity of haranguing the soldiers and of eloquence. He defended among many others, populace in his favour; and he inflamed them Marcus Aquilius; and moved the judges in so so against the conspirators, that Brutus and Cassensible a manner, by the tears he shed, and the sius were forced to leave the city. He made a scars he showed on the breast of his client, that tour through Italy, to solicit the veteran solhe carried his cause. He was unfortunately diers, having first secured Lepidus, who had the killed, during the disturbances raised at Rome army, to his interests; he seized the public treaby Marius and Cinna, in the year of Rome 667. sure, and treated Octavius with superciliousness ANTONIUS, Marcus, the triumvir, was son and contempt, though the adopted son and heir of Antonius Creticus, by Julia, a noble lady of of Julius Caesar. The patriots, however, with such merit, that Plutarch affirms her to have Cicero at their head, espousing Octavius, in orbeen" comparable to the wisest and most vir-der to destroy Antony, the latter was forced to tuous ladies of that age." Mark Antony, losing change his measures, and look a little abroad: his father when young, launched out at once he endeavoured to extort the provinces of Mainto all the excess of riot and debauchery, and cedonia and Syria from Brutus, and Cassius; wasted his whole patrimony before he had put on but, not succeeding, resolved to possess himself the manly gown. He afterwards went abroad of Cisalpine Gaul, and besiege Decimus Brutus to learn the art of war under Gabinius, who in Mutina. This siege is one of the most megave him the command of his horse in Syria,morable things of the kind in history; and, in where he signalized his courage in the restora-conducting it, Antony, though defeated, gained tion of Ptolemy, king of Egypt. From Egypt very great reputation: the consuls Hirtius and he went to Cæsar, in Gaul; and after some stay Pansa were both slain; and nothing but superior there, being furnished with money and credit forces could have left Octavius master of the by Cesar, returned to Rome to sue for the quæs-field. Antony fled in great confusion, wanting torship. In this suit he succeeded, and after-even the necessaries of life; and this very man, wards attained the tribunate, in which office he who had hitherto wallowed in luxury and inwas amazingly active for Cæsar, who, when he temperance, was obliged to live some days upon had made himself master of Rome, gave Antony roots and water. He fled to the Alps, and was the government of Italy, with the command received by Lepidus; with whom and Octavius over the legions there; in which post he gained he formed the 2d triumvirate, as it has usually the love of the soldiery. But what was more been called. When these three conferred, they to his honour, he assisted Cæsar so successfully would easily be persuaded that the, patriots on several occasions, that, twice particularly, wanted only to destroy them all, which could when Cæsar's army had been put to flight, he not be done so effectually as by clashing them rallied the scattered troops, and gained the vic-against one another, they therefore combined, tory: this raised his reputation so, that he was proscribed their respective enemies, and divided reckoned the next best general to Cæsar. After the empire among themselves. Cicero fell a the defeat of Pompey, at Pharsalia, Cæsar, as sacrifice to the resentment of Antony, who, inan acknowledgment of Antony's great servi-deed, was charged with most of the murders ces, made him master of the horse; in which then committed: but they were rather to be office he behaved with violence; and this be charged to the account of his wife Fulvia, who, haviour, together with his dissolute life, (for he being a woman of avarice, cruelty, and revenge, was drunken and debauched to the last degree) committed a thousand enormities, of which hei

husband was ignorant. Upon the defeat of Brutus and Cassius by Octavins and Antony, at Philippi, which was owing chiefly to the military skill and bravery of the latter, Antony obtained the sovereign dominion, and went into Asia, where he had the most splendid court that ever was seen. The kings and princes of Asia came to his court, and acknowledged no other sovereign in the East but him. Queens and princesses, knowing him, doubtless, to be a man of amour and gallantry, strove who should win his heart; and the famous Cleopatra of Egypt succeeded. See CLEOPATRA.

ANTONIUS, Márcus Junius, debauched Julia, the daughter of Augustus, and killed himself when his disgrace was made public. ANTONIUS, Liberalis, a Greek author, of whom little is known.

ANTONIUS, Honoratus, bishop of Constantine, in Africa.

ANTONIUS, called Nebrissensis, or Laxibra, was for five years a professor at Salamança, and died 1522.

ANTONY. Vid. ANTHONY. ANVARI, called king of Khorassan, a poet, died 1200.

ANVILLE, John Baptiste Bourguignon d', a most famous French writer on geography, born at Paris, 1702, and died there 1782, as much esteemed for the gentleness and simplicity of his manners as for his extensive knowledge. He laboured at his maps 15 hours a day for fifty years.

ANYTA, a Greek poetess.

ANYTUS, a rhetorician of Athens, who caused the death of Socrates.

the most illustrious personage of the three. and he kept a kind of school of gluttony at Rome; he spent two millions and a half in entertain ments; when, finding himself very much in debt, he was forced at length to look into the state of his affairs: and seeing that he had but 250,000 livres left, he poisoned himself from an apprehension of being starved with such a sum. This man wrote a treatise, "De Re Culinaria." APIEN, Peter, a mathematician of Ingolstadt, died 1552.

APIEN, Philip, son of the preceding, a physician, died 1589.

APION, a famous grammarian, born at Oasis, in Egypt was a professor at Rome in the reign of Tiberius. He was undeniably a man of learning, but a downright pedant; for he used to boast, with the greatest assurance, that he gave immortality to those to whom he dedicated his works. How would his vanity be mortified, if he knew that none of these works remain, and that his name and person would long ago have Ieen buried in oblivion, if other writers had not made mention of them! One of his chief works was "The Antiquities of Egypt."

APOCAUCHUS, a Greek of mean origin, became the favourite of the emperor Andronicus; he died 1345

APOLLINARIS, C. Sulpit, professor of grammar, at Rome, in the 2d century.

APOLLINARIUS, a presbyter of Alexandria, in the 4th century.

APPOLLODORUS, the Athenian, a famous grammarian, son of Asclepiades, and disciple of Aristarchus. He wrote several works which are not extant: his most famous proAPELLES, one of the most celebrated pain-ductions are mentioned in Fabricius' " Biblioters of antiquity, was born in the isle of Cos, theca Græca." and flourished in the time of Alexander the APOLLODORUS, a famous architect under Great. He was in high favour with that prince, Trajan and Adrian, was born at Damascus, and who made a law that no other person should had the direction of that most magnificent bridge draw his picture but Apelles: he accordingly which the former ordered to be built over the drew him holding a thunderbolt in his hand: Danube, in the year 104. He, however, fell a the piece was finished with so much skill and victim to the envy of the emperor Adrian, who dexterity, that it used to be said, there were two always valued himself highly upon his knowAlexanders: one invincible, the son of Philip; ledge of arts and sciences, and hated every one the other inimitable, the production of Apelles. of whose eminence in his profession he had reaAlexander gave him likewise another remarka-son to be jealous. ble proof of his regard; for when he employed APOLLODORUS, a painter of Athens, the Apelles to draw Campaspe, one of his mistress-rival of Zeuxis, 408 B. C. es, having found that he had conceived an affection for her, he resigned her to him; and it was from her that Apelles is said to have drawn his] APOLLONIUS, a Greek poet and rhetorician, Venus Anadyomene. One of Apelles' chief born at Alexandría, under the reign of Ptolemy excellencies was, the making his pictures so Evergetes, king of Egypt, was a scholar of Calexactly resemble the persons represented, that limachus; and wrote a poem upon the expedithe physiognomists were able to form a judg-tion of the golden fleece: the work is styled ment as readily from his portraits, as if they" Argonautica," and consists of four books. had seen the originals.

APELLES, a heretic of Syria in the 2d cen

tury.

APOLLONIA, St., a martyr of Alexandria,

248.

APOLLONIUS of Perga, a city of Pamphy lia, a famous geometrician, who also lived un der the reign of Ptolemy Evergetes, and composed several valuable works; of which only,

APELLICON, a peripatetic philosopher, who was the means of preserving the works of Aris-his" Conics" remain. totle, about 90 B. Č.

APER, Marcus, a Roman orator, died 85. APHTHONIUS, a rhetorician of Antioch, in the 3d century.

APOLLONIUS, a Pythagorean philosopher, born at Tyana, in Cappadocia, about the beginning of the 1st century. At 16 years of age, he became a strict observer of the rules of PythaAPICIUS. There were three ancient Romans goras, renouncing wine, women, and all sorts of this name; all very eminent, not for genius, of flesh; not wearing shoes, letting his hair for virtue, for great or good qualities, but for grow, and wearing nothing but linen. He soon gluttony: or, if we may soften the term, in after set up for a reformer of mankind, and compliance with the growing taste of the times chose his habitation in the temple of Æsculawe write in, for the art of refining in the science pius, where he is said to have performed many of eating. The first lived under Sylla, the se-miraculous cures. cond under Augustus and Tiberius, and the

APPOLLONIUS, a grammarian of Alexan

third under Trajan. The second, however, is dria, in the 23 century

33

APOLLONIUS, a Roman senator, who suffered martyrdom in the 2d century.

APOLLONIUS, a stoic philosopher, precepor to the emperor Marcus Aurelius. APOLLONIUS, a grammarian, author of a lexicon on Homer, in the age of Augustus. APOLLONIUS COLLATIUS, Peter, a priest of Navarre, also an indifferent poet.

APOLLOS, a Jew of Alexandria; he became a convert to Christianity, and his powers of preaching were more admired than those of Paul.

them a book which he had written against the Greeks at the command of Urban IV.; but he fell sick on his journey, at the monastery of Fossanova, near Terracina, where he died on the 7th of March, aged 50 years. Aquinas left a vast number of works, which have been repeatedly printed in 17 volumes folio.

AQUIÑO, Philip, a Jew, of Carpentras, professor of Hebrew at Paris, died 1696.

ARABSCHAH, author of a history of Tamerlane, a Mohamedan historian of Damascus ; he died 1450.

APONO, Peter d', born near Padua, studied ARAGON, Jane d', wife of Ascanius Colona, at Paris, took his degrees in medicine and phi-ustrious for her virtues and fortitude; she losophy, was accused of magic, but died before died 1577. the prosecution was completed, 1316. APOSTOLIUS, Michael, a learned Greek author, in the 15th century.

ARAM, Eugene, an Englishman of mean birth, but remarkable for his extraordinary abilities, and the singular circumstances attending APPIAN, an eminent historian, who wrote his unhappy fate; he was born in Yorkshire, the Roman history in the Greek language, and 1704. He acquired considerable knowledge in flourished under the reigns of the emperors the mathematics, the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Trajan and Adrian. and Celtic languages, and many parts of polite APPIAN, Peter, a mathematician. Vid. A-literature, entirely by his own industry. But, PIEN. while employed in those learned labours, he APPLETON, Nathaniel, D. D., a distinguish- committed a crime not to be expected in a man ed divine and minister of Cambridge, Mass.; of his studious turn; as the only inducement that born at Ipswich, 1692; was fellow of the uni- led him to it is said to have been gain, though versity for 60 years; received the second degree of doctor of divinity which the Cambridge university ever conferred; the first having been conferred on Increase Mather, 80 years before. His occasional sermons published were very

numerous.

APPLETON, Jesse, D. D., a student of theoogy, under Dr. Lathrop, of Springfield, and president of Bowdoin college, Maine, died 1819. APRIES, king of Egypt, 594 B. C.; supposed by some to be the Pharaoh Hophra of the Scrip

tures.

APROSIO, Angelico, an Augustine, born at Ventimigila, in the Genoese, which he adorned by a valuable collection of books; he died 1682. APULEIUS, Lucius, a Platonic philosopher, lived in the 2d century, under the Antonines, and was born at Madaura, a Roman colony in Africa. He was a man of a curious and inquisitive disposition, especially in religious matters, which prompted him to take several journeys, and to enter into several societies of religion. He spent almost his whole fortune in travelling.|| He was indefatigable, however, in his studies, and composed several books in prose and verse but most of them are lost. His" Golden Ass" is the best of his works now extant.

AQUAVIVA, Octavio, cardinal, legate, and archbishop of Naples; he died 1612.

he afterwards assigned jealousy of his wife as the motive. In 1744 he murdered Daniel Clarke, which crime was concealed 14 years, and was then discovered by the accidental finding of a skeleton supposed to be that of Clarke. This was a mistake but it led to a discovery. He was apprehended on suspicion, tried at York, in 1759, and found guilty on sufficient evidence, corroborated by the testimony of his own wife. His defence was uncommonly curious, and at once an evidence of his taste and erudition. After conviction, he confessed the justice of his sentence, and endeavoured to destroy himself by opening an artery in his arm with a razor. He was, however, executed, and hung in chains, in Knaresborough forest.

ARANTIUS, Julius, an Italian physician and anatomist, born at Bologna, died 1581. ARATUS, a Greek poet and astronomer, who flourished about the 124th Olympiad. ARATUS, a native of Sicyon, the deliverer of his country and promoter of the Achæan league, died 216 B. C.

ARBOGATES, a Roman general, destroyed himself 394.

ARBRISSEL, Robert d', a native of Brittany, founded the monastery of Fontevrault, and died 1117.

ARBUCKLE, James, M. A., a native of Glasgow, who possessed soine merit as a poet, died

AQUAVIVA, Andrew Matth. d', duke of Atri, and prince of Teramo, a Neapolitan noble-1734. man, who patronized literature; he died 1615. AQUAVIVA, Claude, son of Andrew, governor of the Jesuits, died 1615.

ARBUTHNOT, Alexander, eminent for his learning and piety, died at Aberdeen, 1538.

ARBUTHNOT, Dr. John, a celebrated wit AQUILA, a mathematician of Pontus; he and physician in queen Anne's reign, was the translated the Bible from Hebrew into Greek. son of an episcopal clergyman in Scotland, nearAQUILANO, Serasino, a native of Aquila,ly allied to the noble family of that name. On known by his sonnets and other poetical trifles; his coming to London, his extensive learning he died 1500. and facetious and agreeable conversation introAQUILANUS, Sebastian, an Italian physi-duced him by degrees into practice, and he becian, whose real name is unknown; he was professor at Padua, and died 1543.

came eminent in his profession. Being at Epsom when prince George of Denmark was sudAQUINAS, St. Thomas, a celebrated teacher denly taken ill, he was called in to his assistance. of the school divinity in the universities of Italy, His advice was successful, and his highness, reand commonly called the angelical doctor, was covering, employed him always afterwards as born in the castle of Aquino, in the Terra di his physician. In consequence of this, upon the Lavora, in Italy, about the year 1224. In 1274 indisposition of Dr. Hannes, he was appointed he was sent for to the second council of Lyons, physician in ordinary to queen Anne, in 1709. by pope Gregory X., that he might read before!! His gentle manners, polite learning, and excel