SO painter and poet, born at Naples, in 1657, and died in 1747.

SOLINUS, Caius Julius, a Latin grammarian, born at Rome, about the middle of the 3d century.

SOLIS, Antonio de, an ingenious Spanish historian and dramatic poet, died in 1686.

SOLOMON, son of David, was king of Israel after his father. He is celebrated for his wisdom, for his piety in early life, and the temple which he erected at Jerusalem, in honour of the God of Israel. He wrote the books of Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, and the Canticles, and died 975 B. C., aged 58.

SOLOMON BEN VIRGA, a Spanish physician, and rabbi, of the 16th century, author of a History of the Jews, from the destruction of the temple to his own time.

SOLOMON, Ben Job Jalla, a native of Africa, son of a prince of the country, who was taken and brought to America as a slave. He was ransomed by general Oglethorpe, sent to England, and from thence to his own country. While in Great Britain he was employed in translating Arabic MSS. and was much noticed by the great.

SOLON, one of the seven sages of Greece, born at Athens, about the 35th Olympiad, and died in Cyprus, 558 B. C., aged 80. He distinguished himself early, by the greatness of his courage, and the brightness of his parts, which advantages raised him to the government of his

country.

SOLYMAN I., emperor of the Turks, in 1402. He was a brave prince, but addicted to pleasure, which hastened his end. He was dethroned and assassinated by his brother, in 1410.

SOLYMAN II., surnamed the Magnificent, succeeded his father Selim I., in 1520. His reign was useful, splendid, and victorious, and was rendered so by his bravery and valour. He died in 1566, aged 76.

SOLYMAN III., emperor of Turkey, was an Indolent, superstitious prince, and died in 1691. SOMBREUIL, Francis Charles Virot de, a French general, who perished on the scaffold, together with his eldest son, in 1793, on account of his attachment to Lewis XVI. His second son, Charles, escaped, and after distinguishing himself in the Prussian armies, was taken prisoner, and shot, in 1795.

SOMERS, John, lord-chancellor of England, an able and eloquent pleader at the bar, an honest statesman, and a patriot of the noblest and most extensive views. He was born in 1652, and died in 1716.

SOMERVILLE, William, an English poet, died in 1743, aged 51.

SORANUS, an Ephesian physician, who settled at Rome, under the emperors Trajan and Adrian. Some of his works are extant.

SORBAIT, Paul, imperial physician, and professor of medicine at Vienna, wrote "Commentaries on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates," and other works, and died in 1691.

SORBIERE, Samuel, a French medical and miscellaneous writer, born in 1615, and died in 1670.

SORBONNE, Robert de, an eminent French divine, and founder of a college for divinity and philosophy, at Paris; he died in 1274, aged 73.

SOREL, Agnes, the mistress of Charles VII., of France, was distinguished for her beauty, strength of mind, and the influence she possessed over her lover, whom she incited to deeds of glory. She died in 1450.

SORGH, Hendrick, an eminent Dutch painter, died in 1684.

SORRI, Peter, an Italian painter, who died in 1622.

SOSIGENES, a famous Egyptian astronomer, inventor of the Julian calendar, flourished about 46 B. C.

SOSTRATES, an architect, of Cnidos, who built the celebrated tower of Pharos, flourished about 273 B. C.

SOTADES, a Grecian poet, of Maronæa, in Thrace, was thrown into the sea in a leaden chest, for ridiculing Philadelphus, of Egypt, in a satirical poem.

SOTHEL, Seth, a proprietor and governor of North Carolina, and afterwards governor of South Carolina, died in 1694.

SOTO, Dominic, a learned Dominican, confessor to Charles V., died in 1560. He wrote several theological works.

SOUBISE, John de Parthenai, lord of, a distinguished leader of the protestants, and celebrated for his brave defence of Lyons, died in

1566.

SOUBISE, Benjamin de Rohan, duke of, a distinguished leader of the protestants, in the religious wars of France, died in 1640.

SOUCHAI, John Baptist, a French ecclesiastic and writer, canon of Rodez, counsellor to the king, and professor of eloquence in the royal college, died in 1746.

SOUCIET, Stephen, a French jesuit, librarian to the college of Louis the Great, and author of Astronomical Observations in China and InHis brodia," and other works, died in 1744. ther Stephen Augustin, who died about the same time, was professor of theology, in the college of Louis the Great, and a poet.

SOUFFLOT, James Germain, an eminent French architect, died in 1780.

SOUTH, Dr. Robert, an English divine, and theological writer, of great learning, died in

SOMMERY, N. Fontette de, a French lady, distinguished for her talents and writings, died in 1792. Her house was the resort of philoso-1716, aged 83. phers and learned men, who sought her society and conversation.

SOMMIER, John Claude, a French ecclesiastic, author of a "History of the Holy See," for which he was made archbishop of Cæsarea, died in 1737.

SOUTHERN, Thomas, an eminent English dramatic writer, died in 1746, aged 84.

SOZOMEN, Hermias, an ecclesiastical historian of the 5th century, born in Palestine, and died about 450.

SPAGNOLETTO, Joseph Ribera, an emian-nent painter, born near Valentia, in 1589. He settled at Naples, where he was patronised by the great, and died in 1656.

SOMNER, William, an eminent English tiquary, born in 1606, and died in 1669. SOPHOCLES, an ancient Greek tragic poet, SPAGNOLI, Baptist, a general, of the Carborn at Athens, 500 B. C., and died 410 B. C. He was archon, or chief magistrate of Athens.melites, distinguished for the wisdom of the reSOPHONISBA, daughter of Asdrubal, and gulations he introduced into his order, for his wife of king Syphax. On his death she married studious habits, and for his poetical writings, Massinissa, and being compelled to abandon him died in 1516. by Scipio, she poisoned herself, 203 B. C.

SPAIGHT, Richard Dobbs, a member of con375

gress, and of the convention which formed the His daughter, Adriana, excelled as a painter federal constitution, and afterwards governor of in crayons. North Carolina, killed in a duel, in 1802. SPILBERG, George, a Dutch admiral, who SPALLANZANI, Lazarus, an Italian writer,defeated the Spaniards in the South Seas, about considered as one of the greatest naturalists of the age; he died in 1799.

SPARROW, Anthony, a pious and learned English divine, made archdeacon, of Ludbury, and afterwards bishop of Exeter and Norwich; he died in 1685. SPIRA, Francis, an eminent Venetian lawSPARTACUS, a Thracian shepherd, the con-yer, in the 16th century. He was supposed to queror of some of the Roman armies, was de-favour the tenets of the reformation, and comfeated by Crassus, 71 B. C. pelled to make a recantation to save his life, which had such an effect upon his spirits, as to hasten his end. He died in 1548.

SPENCER, William, an English writer, pub-a lished an edition of Origen against Celsus, in 1658, with annotations, and a Latin version." SPENCER, Dr. John, a very ingenious and learned English divine and critic, born in 1630, and died in 1695,

SPENCER, Joseph, a brigadier and major general of the American army, during the revo-1565, and died in 1639. lution, and a member of congress in 1779, died in 1789.

SPENER, Philip James, a Lutheran divine,| SPRAGG, Edward, a valiant English naval founder of the sect called Pietists, held some ec-officer, who distinguished himself in the wars clesiastical dignities at Berlin, and died in 1705, aged 76.

ST

STABEN, Henry a celebrated Flemish histor-of Florence, was patronised by the king of ical painter, died in 1658.

STACKHOUSE, Thomas, a learned and pious, but necessitous English divine, who first became noticed by a treatise "On the Miseries of the Inferior Clergy." He died in 1752, aged 72, leaving many other works.

Spain and died in 1403.

STANYHURST, Richard, a native of Dublin, distinguished as a divine, philosopher, poet, and historian. He was chaplain to the archduke Albert of Austria, and died at Brussels, in 1618.

STAPLETON, Walter, an English_prelate, STADIUS, John, professor of history at Louvain, and afterwards of mathematics and his-was bishop of Exeter, and treasurer of England. He founded Exeter college, Oxford, and was tory at Paris, died in 1579. beheaded during an insurrection in London, in 1326.

STAEL, Anne Louisa Germaine Necker, baroness de, was daughter of M. Necker, the celebrated French financier, born in Paris in 1766. She wrote several books, and died in 1817.

STAPLETON, Thomas, an English clergy man, prebendary of Chichester, in the reign of Mary, and afterwards regius professor of diSTAFFORD, Antony, a learned English wrivinity at Louvain, and canon of St. Peter's, died ter, author of the "Life and Death of Diog-in 1598. enes," and many other works; he died in 1641. STAHL, George Ernest, an eminent German chymist, and professor of chymistry at Halle; went to Berlin, where he was physician to the king, and counsellor of state; he wrote many valuable works, and died in 1734.

STAHREMBERG, Conrad Balthasar, count de, governor of Vienna, celebrated for his brave defence of that city against the Turks, in 1683. He died at Rome, in 1687.

STAHREMBERG, Guido Balde, count de, an Austrian general of great gallantry and merit, died at Vienna, in 1737.

STAPYLTON, sir Robert, an English dramatic writer, died in 1669.

STARK, John, a general in the American army, during the revolution, distinguished for his activity, enterprise and courage, and for his important services in the war, died in 1822, aged 94.

STAROVOLSKI, Simon, author of a Geographical Account of Poland, and of the lives of 100 illustrious Polish writers, lived in the 17th century.

STATIRA, daughter of Darius, and wife of Alexander. She was murdered by Roxana,

STALBENT, Adrian, a distinguished pain-323 B. C. ter, of Antwerp, died in 1660.

STAMPART, Francis, an eminent painter, born at Antwerp, and settled in Vienna, died there in 1750.

STATIUS, Publius Rapinius, an ancient Roman poet, born at Naples, about the beginning of the reign of Claudius; he lived 91 years.

STAUNTON, sir George Leonard, was born STANDISH, Miles, one of the Mttle band of at Galway, in Ireland, and bred to surgery and Pilgrims, who first came to New England, and physic. He went to the West Indies, took to captain of the military forces of the infant col-the law, and got rich. He was afterwards attorony of Plymouth, in the wars with the Indians, he died in 1656.

STANHOPE, George, an English divine and theological writer, died in 1728, aged 68.

ney-general at Grenada, secretary to lord Macartney, when governor of Madras; and at length was created a baronet by the king. He died in 1801.

STAVELY, Thomas, an English lawyer and STANHOPE, James, earl of, born in 1673, distinguished himself in the army, and was af-writer, author of the "History of the Churches," terwards made secretary of state under George &c., died in 1683. I., ambassador to Vienna, first lord of the treasury, and chancellor of the exchequer; and theoligical writer, died in 1763. he died in 1721.

STEBBING, Dr. Henry, an English divine,

STEDMAN, John Gabriel, a native of ScotSTANHOPE, Philip Dormer, earl of Chester-land, born in 1745, became an author, and died field, one of the most celebrated wits of his age, in 1797. an eminent statesman, political, epistolary, and miscellaneous writer, died in 1773, aged 79. STANHOPE, Charles, Earl, born in 1753, was a man of science and ingenuity; he died In 1816. His inventions were valuable.

STANISLAUS, Leczinski, king of Poland and elector of Saxony, a most unfortunate, but virtuous prince. He wrote several books, and died in 1766.

STEELE, sir Richard, an English writer, and politician, was born in Ireland, but educated at London with Addison; he wrote many fine books, and died in 1729.

STEEN, John, a Dutch painter, born at Leyden, died in 1689.

STEENWICK, Henry, an eminent Flemish painter, died in 1603.

STEEVENS, George, an ingenious critic and STANISLAUS AUGUSTUS PONIATOW-clasical scholar, was born at Stepney, in 1735, SKI, was the son of a Polish nobleman, born and died in 1800. STEFANESCHI, John Baptist, an eminent in 1732, died in 1798. He was elected king of Poland, in 1764, and deposed by Catherine, em-historical, and miniature painter, of Florence, press of Russia, in 1795.

STANLEY, sir Thomas, an elegant English writer, author of some poems, &c.

died in 1659.

STEINBOCK, Magnus, an illustrious Swede, who distinguished himself in the wars, under In the absence of STANLEY, Thomas, an English gentleman Charles XII., by his valour. of prodigious learning, son of the preceding, his master from Sweden, he governed the kingborn 1644, and died in 1678, leaving several val-dom with uncommon wisdom and moderation, He died in 1717. uable books.

STELLA, James, an eminent French paintSTANLEY, John, an English musician, who was blind from the age of 2 years. He was er, born at Lyons, in 1596, and died at Paris, in organist of several churches, and at last mas-1647. STELLINI, James, an Italian ecclesiastic, ter of the King's band. He died in 1786, aged distinguished for his learning, was professor of 73. STANNINA, an eminent historical painter, divinity at Padua, and died in 1770

32*

377

STENO, Nicholas, a distinguished Danished as a man of learning, continued his father's anatomist, became an ecclesiastic in Italy, and business at Geneva, and died in 1627. was appointed by the pope, apostolical vicar of Germany, and bishop of Titiopolis, in Greece; he died in 1686.

STEPHANUS BYZANTINUS, an able Greek grammarian and lexicographer, who lived in the 5th or 6th century.

STEPHEN, St., the first Christian martyr. He was stoned to death by the Jews, A. D. 33, on a charge of blaspheming God and Moses.

STEPHEN I., succeeded to the papal chair after Lucius, in 253. He suffered martyrdom in the persecution of Valentinian, in 257.

STEPHENS, John, an English catholic, who espoused the cause of the exiled James II. After an act of amnesty bad passed, he returned to London, where he distinguished himself as a writer. He died about 1726.

STEPHENS, Robert, an eminent English antiquary, died in 1732.

STEPNEY, George, an English poet, statesman, and political writer, died in 1707, aged 44. STERNE, Lawrence, an eminent writer, born in Ireland, in 1713, author of "Tristram Shandy," "Sentimental Journey," and other works.

STEPHEN II., was chosen pope in 752. Be-He died in London, in 1768. ing attacked by the king of Lombardy, he appealed for assistance to Pepin, king of France, who defeated the Lombards, and took from them 25 towns, which he gave to the pope, and thus laid the foundation of the temporal power of the Holy See. Stephen died in 757.

STERNHOLD, Thomas, an English poet, celebrated for his version of king David's Psalins, in conjunction with Hopkins; he died in 1549.

STEPHEN III., succeeded to the papacy in 768, and died in 772.

STEPHEN IV., was elected pope after Leo III., in 816, and died the next year.

STEPHEN V., pope after Adrian III., in 885,

died in 891.

STESICHORUS, a Greek poet and statesman, born in the 37th Olympiad, and lived above. 80 years.

STEUBEN, Frederic, William baron de, one of the distinguished foreigners, who volunteered their services in the cause of liberty, during the American revolution, was a major-general in the American army, during that period, and a Hcbrave, skilful, and valuable officer. He had been an aid-de-camp of Frederic the Great, of Prussia, his native country, and possessed a knowledge of the military tactics of Europe, highly serviceable to the revolutionary army. He died at Steubenville, N. Y., in 1794.

STEPHEN VI. was elected pope in 896. caused the dead body of his predecessor, For mosus, to be dug up, dressed in the pontifical robes, tried, and decapitated, for having been his enemy, which so disgusted the Romaus, that they revolted, and strangled him, in 897.

STEPHEN VII., successor to Leo VI., died after a pontificate of two years, in 933.

STEPHEN VIII., was elected pope in 939. He was insulted and distigured by the Romans, and died in 942.

STEPHEN IX., brother of Godfrey, duke of Lorraine, was chosen pope in 1057, and died the following year.

STEVENS, William Bagshaw, an English clergyman, author of "Retirement," a poem, "Indian Odes," &c., died in 1800.

STEVENS, George Alexander, an English dramatic writer, died in 1784.

STEVENS, Alexander, an eminent architect, died in 1796. The bridge over the Liffey, the aqueduct at Lancaster, and the locks in the grand canal of Ireland, are lasting monuments

STEPHEN of Muret, Saint, devoted himself to religious solitude, for 50 years, on the moun-of his skill and ingenuity.

and died in 1124.

died in 1680.

STEVENS, Joseph, minister of Charlestown, Mass., died in 1713:

tains of Muret, where he founded a monastery, STEVENS, Palamedes, an English painter of considerable merit, died in 1638. His brother STEPHEN I., St., king of Hungary, suc-Anthony, was a celebrated portrait painter, and ceeded his father, Geisa, in 997. He introduced Christianity into his kingdom, made wise and wholesome laws for the benefit of his people, and died respected and regretted, in 1038. STEPHEN, a waivode of Moldavia, who in the 16th century expelled the lawful sovereign, of that country, and usurped his throne; he was, in consequence of his tyranny, murdered in his tent, with 2000 of his followers.

STEVENS, Benjamin, D. D., an able minister of Kittery, Mass., died in 1791.

STEVIN, Simon, a distinguished Dutch mathematician, and mathematical writer, died in 1635.

STEWART, sir James, a Scotch baronet, auSTEPHEN, king of England, usurped the thor of a valuable "Treatise on Political Ecothrone from Matilda, the lawful sovereign, whonomy," and other works, died in 1789. opposed him with various success; and after STEWART, Matthew, professor of mathedistracting the kingdom with civil wars, for a matics at Edinburgh, and a mathematical writer, long time, he made an agreement by which he died in 1785. reigned peaceably the residue of his life, and left the crown to Henry, the son of Matilda, to the exclusion of his own son. He died in 1154. STEPHENS, Henry, a celebrated French printer, the founder of the family of that name, was born at Paris, and died at Lyons, in 1520. STEPHENS, Robert, son of the preceding, one of the best printers of his time, was born at Paris, in 1503, lived in intimacy at Geneva, with Calvin and others, whose works he printed, and died there in 1559.

STIFELIUS, Michael, a protestant divine, of Germany, author of a Treatise on Algebra," and another on the calendar, died in 1567. He predicted that the destruction of the world would happen in 1553, but lived to witness the fallacy

of his calculations.

STILES, Ezra, D. D., an eminent American clergyman and classical scholar, for many years president of Yale college, died in 1795.

STILL, John, bishop of Bath and Wells, a very early dramatic writer, died in 1607, aged 32. STEPHENS, Henry, son of Robert, born at STILLINGFLEET, Dr. Edward, bishop of Paris, in 1528, and died in 1598. He was also Worcester, born in 1735, and died in 1699, great a printer, and considered the most learned of allly distinguished by numerous polemic writings, his learned family. particularly "Origines Sacra:" a book of inSTEPHENS, Paul, son of Henry, distinguish-estimable value.

ST

STILLINGFLEET, Benjamin, grandson of || STOUFFACHER, Werner, one of the illus the preceding, a distinguished naturalist and trious band of Swiss heroes, who overturned poet, born in 1702, and died in 1771. the Austrian government of Switzerland, and STILLMAN, Samuel, D. D., a distinguished restored their country to its original Independbaptist minister, settled at Boston, Mass., diedence. in 1807.

STITH, William, an American historian, president of the college of William and Mary, Virginia, until about 1740.

STOBEUS, John, a learned Greek writer, who lived in the 5th century.

STOUGHTON, William, chief justice, and afterwards lieutenant governor of the colony of Massachusetts, died in 1701.

STOW, John, an eminent English historian and antiquary, died in 1605, aged 80.

STRABO, a native of Cappadocia, celebrated STOCK, Christian, a German orientalist, of as a geographer and historian, died at the be great learning, was a professor at Jena; Heginning of the emperor Tiberius' reign. died in 1733.

STOCKADE, Nicholas de Helt, an eminent portrait and historical painter, of Nimeguen, lived about 1614.

STOCKTON, Richard, an eminent lawyer, and judge of New-Jersey, was a member of congress from that state in 1776, and one of the signers of the declaration of Independence; he died in 1781.

STRADA, Famianus, a very ingenious and learned Italian jesuit, died in 1649.

STRADA, John, or STRADANUS, a Flemish painter, born in 1536, and died in 1604. His hunting and historical pieces are much admired. STRAETEN, N. Vander, a celebrated Dutch landscape painter, born in 1680. STRAFFORD, Thomas Wentworth, earl of, See WENTWORTH.

STODDARD, Solomon, an eminent clergy- STRAHAM, William, a very eminent printman, of New-England, settled for nearly 60er, was born at Edinburgh, in 1715, and died in years at Northampton, Mass., and died in 1729.1785. STOFFLER,John, an eminent teacherof ma- STRAIGHT, John, an English divine and thematics at Tubingen, wrote some books on poet, was prebendary of Salisbury cathedral; that science and on astrology, and died in 1531. he died in 1740. STOFFLET, Nicholas, a French private sol- STRANGE, sir Robert, a celebrated histori dier, who at the beginning of the revolution, cal engraver, born in the island of Pomona, in armed himself and his followers, in support of Orkney, in 1721, and died in 1792. royalty, and supported himself against the for- STRAUCHIUS, Giles, professor of divinity ces of the convention. During two years he at Wittemberg, and afterwards professor of thefought 150 battles, and his bravery generally en-ology and rector of the university of Dantzic, sured success. He was at last prevailed on to died in 1682. lay down his arms, and afterwards on some frivolous pretext taken and shot, in 1796.

STONE, John, an eminent English painter, in the reigns of the two Charles'. He died in 1653.

STREATER, Robert, an eminent English historical painter, died in 1680.

STREEK, Jurian Van, an admired Flemish ||painter, died in 1678. His son. Henry, excelled STONE, Edmund, a selftaught mathemati-as a historical painter; he died in 1713. cian, author of a "Treatise on Fluxions" and STRIGELIUS, Victorius, a teacher of theoother mathematical works; he died about 1750. (logy, and afterwards a professor of morality at STONE, Nicholas, a distinguished English Heidleberg, died in 1569. statuary, died in 1647.

STROBELBERGER, John Stephen, an eminent German physician and medical writer, died

STONE, Samuel, an English divine who came to this country to escape persecution. Hein 1630. was one of the first ministers in Hartford, Con. and died there in 1633.

STONE, John Haskins, a brave and zealous officer of the revolution, afterwards governor of the State of Maryland, died in 1804.

STONE, Thomas, a member of congress in 1776, from Maryland, and one of the signers of the declaration of Independence, died in 1787.

STRONG, Joseph, a native of Carlisle, who, although blind from his infancy, was distinguished for uncommon skill in mechanics. He died in 1798.

STRONG, Nathan, D. D., an eminent American clergyman, pastor of a congregational church in Hartford, Conn., distinguished for his talents, eloquence, piety, and learning, died in 1816.

STONE, David, a representative and senator in congress from North Carolina, and after- STRONG, Caleb, LL. D., a native of Massawards a judge and governor of that state. He chusetts, was born in 1744. He was distinguishdied in 1818. ed in early life for his energy and zeal in defence STONEHOUSE, sir James, an eminent En-of the rights of the colonies, and after a variety glish physician, and afterwards a popular and of public employments, was chosen a member eloquent preacher, died in 1795. In the early of the segate of the United States, and governpart of his life, he was an infidel; but he re-or of the state of Massachusetts. He was connounced and wrote against his sceptical opin-spicuous for the vigour of his intellect, the deions. cision and energy of his character, and for his STORACE, Stephen, a distinguished musi-patriotism and integrity, and died in 1820. cian and composer for the English theatre, was born in 1763, and died in 1796.

STORCK, Nicholas, a native of Saxony, who in connexion with Muncer founded the sect of the Anabaptists in Moravia; he died at Munich about 1530.

STORCK. See RINGELBERGIUS. STORCK, Abraham, a Dutch painter, whose sca pieces and marine views were much admired; he died in 1708. His brother was a good landscape painter.

STRONG, Simeon, LL. D., a judge of the supreme court of the state of Massachusetts, died in 1805.

STROZZI, Titus and Hercules, father and son, were Latin poets, at Ferrara. The father died in 1502, the son, in 1508.

STROZZI, Cyriaco, a peripatetic philosopher, born at Florence, in 1504, and died in 1565.

STROZZI, Julius, an Italian poet, author of a poem on the origin of Venice, and another heroic poem; he died in 1686.