AY Ay, Aye (i), n. The word by which assent by acclamation is expressed in Parliament; hence, an affirmative vote.-The ayes have it, the phrase employed by the speaker in declaring that the affirmative votes are in a majority. Another was the late speaker Trevor, who had, from the chair, put the question, whether he was or was not a rogue, and had been forced to pronounce that the Ayes had it. Macaulay. Ayah (a'yä), n. In the East Indies, a native waiting woman or lady's-maid. Ayapana (a'ya-pä-na), n. The native name of Eupatorium Ayapana, a Brazilian plant, nat. order Compositæ, a powerful sudorific, and said to be an antidote to the bite of venomous snakes. The bruised leaves and expressed juice are applied to the wound. Aye (a), adv. [Icel. ei, ey, a, aye, ever; A. Sax. a, awa, always; Goth. -aiv in ni-aiv, never, aivs, time; allied to L. cvum, Gr. aion, age, aiei, ever. See AGE.] Always; for ever; continually; for an indefinite time: used mostly in poetry. Aye-aye (Cheiromys madagascariensis). makis or lemurs, to which family it is now referred, especially on account of the handlike structure of its hind-feet. Aye-green (a'gren), n. [Lit. ever-green.] The house-leek (Sempervivum tectorum). Ayen, adv. Again. Chaucer. Ayen-bite, n. [O.E. for again-bite.] Remorse. The Ayen-bite of Inwit (Remorse of Conscience) is the name of a well-known old English religious production. Ayenst, prep. Against. A remedie ayenst lecherie. Chaucer. Ayenward, adv. Back; backward. Aygulett (a'gu-let), n. An aiguillette (which see). Spenser. Ayle (al), n. [Norm. ayle; Fr. aieul, from a rustic L. aviolus, a dim. of avus, a grandfather.] In law, a grandfather. See BES AYLE. Aylet (a'let), n. In her. see CHOUGH. Aymee, Aymet (i'me), n. The words Ay me, equivalent to modern Ah me, united into one. Aymees, and hearty heigh-hoes Are sallies fit for soldiers. Beau. & Fl. Ayont (a-yont'), prep. Beyond. 'Some wee short hour ayont the twal.' Burns. [Scotch.] Ayr (ar), n. [Icel. eyrr, eyri, a gravelly bank of a river or spit of land running into the sea; Dan. öre, Sw. ör, seen in place-names, as Elsinore.] An open sea-beach; a sandbank. Written also Air. Ayrant, Eyrant (a'rant), a. [See AERIE.] In her a term applied to eagles and other birds in their nests. Ayry (a'ri). See AERIE. Ayuntamiento (a-yun'tä-me- en "to), n. [Sp., from 0.Sp. ayuntar, N.Sp. juntar, to join, from L. jungo, junctum, to join.] In Spain and Spanish America a corporation or body of magistrates in a city or town. Ay-wordt (a'wėrd), n. A byword: a form appearing in some editions of Shakspere, specifically in Twelfth Night, ii. 3, where others give Nayword (which see). Azalea (a-zālē-a), n. [Gr. azaleos, dry, the allusion being to the dry, arid habitation of the plant.] A genus of plants, nat. order Ericaceae, remarkable for the beauty and fragrance of their flowers, and distinguished 196 from the rhododendrons chiefly by the flowers having ten stamens instead of five. A diminutive, procumbent, evergreen shrub, Azalea (Azalea indica). growing on dry, heathy ground on many of the Highland mountains, was long regarded as the only British specimen, under the name of A. procumbens, but is now called Loiseleuria procumbens. Many beautiful rhododendrons with deciduous leaves are known under the name of azalea in gardens. The azaleas are principally from North America, but A. pontica is a native of Asia Minor; it possesses poisonous properties, and is said to have produced the Pontic honey which stupified Xenophon's soldiers on their retreat from Greece. A. indica is a greenhouse plant, held in high esteem for the beauty of its flowers. Azarole (az'a-rol), n. [Fr. azerole.] A species of thorn (genus Crataegus), the three-grained or Neapolitan medlar. Azimuth (az'i-muth), n. [Ar. as-samt, pl. as-sumuth, a way, a path. Zenith has the same origin.] In astron. an arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of a place and the vertical circle passing through the centre of a celestial object. The azimuth and altitude of a star give its exact position in the sky.-Magnetic azimuth, an arc of the horizon intercepted between the azimuth or vertical circle passing through the centre of any heavenly body and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.-Azimuth compass, an instrument for finding either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of a heavenly object. It differs from the common sea-compass only in this, that the circumference of the card or box is divided into degrees; also to the box is fitted an index with two sights, which are upright pieces of brass placed diametrically opposite to each other, having a slit down the middle of them, through which the sun or a star is to be viewed at the time Azimuth Compass. of observation. See COMPASS. - Azimuth dial, a dial whose style or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. The shadow marks the sun's azimuth.-Azimuth or vertical circles, great circles intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. Azimuthal (az'i-muth-al), a. Pertaining to the azimuth. Azobenzene, Azobenzol (az-o-ben'zén, az-ōben'zol), n. (C12 H10 Ng.) A crystalline substance obtained by the action of reducing agents upon nitrobenzene. Called also Azobenzide. Azoerythrine (az'o-e-rith "rin), n. [Azo, contr. for azote, and erithrin, from Gr. erythros, red.] A colouring principle obtained from the archil of commerce. Azoic (a-zo'ik), a. [Gr. a, priv., and zoe, life.] Destitute of any vestige of organic life: ap AZZLE-TOOTH plied to rocks, as to the metamorphic, in which no fossils have been found. Azolitmine (az-o-lit'min), n. A colouring matter of a deep blood-red colour obtained from litmus. Azote (az'ot), n. [Gr. a, priv., and zōë, life.] A name formerly given to nitrogen because it is unfit for respiration. Azoth (az'oth), n. [Probably an Ar. word.] In alchemy, (a) the first principle of metals; mercury, which under the name of the mercury of metals was believed to exist in all metals. (b) The universal specific or panacea of Paracelsus, Azotic (a-zot'ik), a. Pertaining to azote; fatal to animal life.-Azotic acid. Same as Nitric acid.-Azotic gas, nitrogen or nitro gen gas. Azotide (az'o-tid), n. An azotized body. See AZOTIZED. Azotite (az'ō-tit), n. A salt formed by a combination of nitrous acid with a base. Synonymous with Nitrite. Azotize (az'o-tiz), v.t. pret. & pp. azotized; ppr. azotizing. To imbue with nitrogen; to deprive of life. Azotized (az'o-tizd), p. and a. Containing nitrogen or azote.-Azotized bodies (otherwise azotides or nitrides), bodies containing nitrogen, and forming part of the structure of plants and animals, such as albumen, fibrine, caseine, gelatine, &c. Azotous (a-zo'tus), a. Nitrous; as, azotous acid nitrous acid. Aztec (az'tek), a. Of or pertaining to the Aztecs, the ruling tribe in Mexico at the time of the Spanish invasion under Cortes in 1519. They were a civilized people, but their religious rites were bloody and cruel. Azure (a'zhür), a. [Fr. azur, Sp. azul, It. azurro, L. L. azurrum, lazurum, &c., from Arab. lazwerd, lajwerd, blue, whence lapislazuli, the sapphire. The initial was lost through being mistaken for the article.] Resembling the clear blue colour of the sky; sky-blue. Azure (a'zhür), n. 1. The fine blue colour of the sky. "Her eyes a bashful azure." Tennyson.-2. A name common to several sky-coloured or blue pigments, of which there are two well-known varieties: (a) that made of lapis-lazuli, called ultramarine, a colour of great value to the artist; (b) that made by fusing glass with oxide of cobalt reduced to powder: in large masses this latter is called smalt.-3. The sky or azure vault of heaven. Not like those steps on heaven's azure." Milton.-4. In her a blue colour in coats of arms, represented in engraving by horizontal lines. To colour blue. and a. Coloured azure; of an azure colour. "Twixt the green sea and the azured vault.' Shak. Azure-stone (a'zhůr-stōn), n. Azure. Azure (a'zhür), v. t. Azured (a'zhúrd), p. Azurite. Same as Azurinet (a'zhür-in), a. Azure. Hackluyt Azurite (a zhur-it), n. (Cu,HCO4.) 1. A blue mineral, the lazulite, called also Blue Malachite. It is a tricupric orthocarbonate of copper, and has been used ground to form a fine blue pigment, but is of little use, owing to its turning green by exposure.-2. Same as Lazulite. Azurnt (a'zhurn), a. Of a blue colour. The azurn sheen of turkis blue.' Milton. Azygous (az'i-gus), a. [Gr. azygos-a, priv., and zygon, a yoke.] Having no fellow; not one of a pair; single. In anat. an epithet applied to several muscles, veins, bones, &c., that are single. Azym,t Azymet (az'im), n. [See AZYMOUS.] Unleavened bread. We have shunned the obscurity of the papists in their azymes, tunick, &c. The Translators of the Bible to the Reader. Azymite (az'im-it), n. [See AZYMOUS.] Eccles. one of a sect of Christians who administer the eucharist with unleavened bread; also a term of reproach applied by the Greeks, in the eleventh century, to the Latins for consecrating the host in unleavened bread. Azymous (az'im-us), a. [Gr. a, priv., and zyme, leaven.] Unleavened; unfermented; as, sea-biscuit is azymous. [Rare.] Azzle-tooth (az'zl-töth), n. [Comp. D. azen, to feed, to nourish.] A molar tooth. Halliwell; Dunglison. B 197 BABOON B is the second letter and the first consonant in the English and most other alphabets. It is a mute and labial, pronounced solely by the lips, and is distinguished from p by being sonant, that is, produced by the utterance of voice as distinguished from breath. It is related to the sonant aspirate v ás p to the surd aspirate f. According to Grimm's law, when words or roots are common to the Indo-European languages (or several of them), and, where borrowing has not taken place, in English, Gothic, and the Low German and Scandinavian languages generally, ab regularly stands where there is an ƒ in Latin words, a ph in Greek, a bh in Sanskrit, while in O. H. German and Mod. German words it is either unchanged, or a p takes its place. All these changes are illustrated by the various forms which the English word brother assumes in the different languages. Thus we have E. brother, Goth. brothar, O.H. G. pruodar, Mod. G. bruder, L. frater, Gr. phrater, and Skr. bhratar. Similarly, E. to bear, Goth. baira, O.H.G. piru, Mod. G. ge-bären, L. fero, Gr. phero; E. beech, G. buche, L. fagus, Gr. phegos. B has intruded into some English words, as in thumb (A. Sax. thuma), limb (A. Sax. lim), slumber (A. Sax. slumerian); comp. the borrowed words number (L. numerus), humble (L. humilis). When a final letter after m it is not pronounced, as in thumb, limb, comb, dumb. In gossip, purse, a b has been changed into a p. On the other hand the b in lobster, and the first in cobweb, was originally p; in marble the b was originally m (L. marmor). B is common as an initial consonant in all the Teutonic languages, and very often in the combinations bl, br, which are the only consonantal combinations it admits of at the beginning of words. In this respect there is a remarkable difference between band p, the latter occurring as an initial in but few words originally Teutonic. See P.-As a numeral B was used by the Hebrews and Greeks, as now by the Arabians, for 2; by the Romans for 300, and with a dash over it thus, B, for 3000.-B is often used as an abbreviation; thus B. A. stands for Bachelor of Arts; B.D. for Bachelor of Divinity; and B. M. for Bachelor of Medicine.-Not to know a B from a bull's foot, a phrase implying that a person is very illiterate or very ignorant. The term bull's foot seems to be chosen merely for the alliteration, as broomstick and battledore in the similar phrases, He does not know a B from a broomstick, or from a battledore. B. In music, the seventh note of the model diatonic scale or scale of C. It is called the leading note, as there is always a feeling of suspense when it is sounded until the keynote is heard. Ba, v. t. [Shortened form of Fr. baiser, to kiss; Prov. Fr. bahi, bauji.] To kiss. 'Let me ba thy cheke.' Chaucer. Ba (ba), v.t. [From the sound.] To lull asleep by a continuous, inarticulate, musical hum. [Scotch.] I'll be the bairns wi' an unkenned tune. Wm. Nicholson. Ba' (ba), n. [See BALL.] A ball; a handball or football. [Scotch.] Baa (ba), n. [From sound. Comp. L. balo, to bleat.] The cry or bleating of a sheep. Baa (ba), v.i. To cry or bleat as a sheep. Sidney. He treble baas for help. Baal (ba'al), n. [Heb. ba'al, lord.] Originally this word appears to have been generic, signifying simply lord, and to have been applied to many different divinities, or, with qualifying epithets, subjoined to the same divinity regarded in different aspects and as exercising different functions. Thus in Hos. ii. 16 it is applied to Jehovah himself, while Baal-berith (the Covenant-lord) was the god of the Shechemites, and Baal-zebub (the Fly-god) the idol of the Philistines at Ekron. Specifically, Baal was the sacred title applied to the Sun as the principal male deity of the Phoenicians and their descendants the Carthaginians, as well as of the ancient Canaanitish nations, whom they worshipped as the supreme ruler and vivifler of nature. The word enters into the B. composition of many Hebrew, Phoenician, | and Carthaginian names of persons and places; thus, Jerubaal, Hasdrubal (help of Baal), Hannibal (grace of Baal), and BaalHammon, Baal-Thamar, &c. Baalism (ba'al-izm), n. The worship of Baal; gross idolatry of any kind. His seven thousand whose knees were not suppled with the Baalism of that age. Fuller. Baalite (ba'al-it), n. A worshipper of Baal; one who idolizes any unworthy or grovelling object. These Baalites of pelf.' Keats. Baanite (ban'it), n. A follower of Baanes, a Manichæan of the ninth century. Bab (bab), n. [Gael. bab, a tuft, a tassel.] A bunch; a tassel; cockade. A cockit hat with a bab of blue ribbands at it.' Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Babbitt-metal (bab'it-met'l), n. [From the name of the inventor.] A soft metal resulting from alloying together certain proportions of copper, zinc, and tin, used with the view of as far as possible obviating friction in the bearings of journals, cranks, axles, &c. Babble (bab'bl), v. i. [A word appearing in similar forms in various languages, probably formed from ba, one of the earliest sounds uttered by an infant, with the suffix -le to denote repetition; comp. D. and G. babbeln, Icel. babbla, Dan. bable, Fr. babiller, It. bab bolare.] 1. To utter words imperfectly or indistinctly, as children.-2. To talk idly or irrationally; to talk thoughtlessly. "A babbled of green fields.' Shak.-3. To talk much; to prate; hence, to tell secrets. The people, when they met, Tennyson. 4. To make a continuous murmuring sound, as a stream; to repeat a sound frequently and indistinctly. The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak. Babble (bab'bl), v.t. To prate; to utter. These (words) he used to babble indifferently in all companies.' Arbuthnot. Babble (bab'bl), n. Idle talk; senseless prattle; murmur, as of a stream. Neyther mute nor full of bable.' Hall. 'Babble and revel and wine.' Tennyson. Babblement (bab' bl-ment), n. Idle talk; senseless prate; unmeaning words. 'Deluded all this while with ragged notions and babblements.' Milton. [Rare.] Babbler (bab'blér), n. 1. An idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets. Great babblers, or talkers, are not fit for trust. 2. One of a group of thrush-like birds, subfamily Timalinæ, so named from their chattering notes. Babbling (bab'bling), n. Foolish talk. 'Avoiding profane and vain babblings.' 1 Tim. vi. 20. Babblishlyt (bab'blish-li), adv. In a babbling manner; pratingly. Whitgift. Babe (bab), n. [From the Celtic; W. Ir. and Gael. baban, Gael. and Ir. bab, child, infant, for mab, maban, W. mab, a son, which is a form equivalent to Gael. and Ir. mac, a son.] 1. An infant; a young child of either sex.2. A child's doll. All as a poor pedler he did wend, Bearing a trusse of tryfles at his backe, As bells, and babes, and glasses in hys packe. Spenser. Babe-hood (bab'hud), n. Same as Babyhood. Udal. Babel (ba'bel), n. [Heb. Babel, the capital of Babylonia, a contr. for bethbel, the habitation of Bel or Baal.] 1. The name of the city on the banks of the Shinar where the confusion of tongues took place; Babylon. Its supposed ruins, as well as those of the tower, are visible near Hilla, a town on the Tigris, about 48 miles south of Bagdad. Hence any great city where confusion, crowding, or disorder may be supposed to prevail. 'Tis pleasant, through the loopholes of retreat, Cowper. 2. A confused mixture of sounds; confusion; disorder. The babel of strange heathen languages. Hammond. Babery + (bab'er-i), n. Finery to please a child; any trifling toy for children. Painted babery.' Sidney. Babian, Babiont (ba'bi-an, ba'bi-on), n. [D. babiaan, a baboon.] A baboon. Ben Jonson. Babiana (ba-bi-a'na), n. [D. babiaan, baviaan, a baboon, from the bulbs being eaten by these animals. A genus of plants, nat. order Iridaceae, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Among the species are some of the handsomest of the Cape bulbous plants. They have narrow sword-shaped leaves, and the flowers are yellow, purple, and scarlet, large and showy, and in some species sweetscented. Many species are known in cultivation. Babingtonia (bab'ing-to-ni-a), n. [From Professor Babington, Cambridge.] A group of myrtaceous plants forming a section of the genus Bæckia (which see). Babingtonite (bab'ing-ton-it), n. [After Dr. Babington.] A vitreous dark-green or black mineral of the hornblende family, occurring in small brilliant crystals in beds of magnetic iron ore, and in veins of quartz and felspar. It consists chiefly of silica, iron protoxide, and lime. Called also Axotomous Augite Spar, from its resemblance to augite. Babiroussa (ba-bi-rös'sa), n. Same as Baby russa. Babish (bab'ish), a. Like a babe; childish. If he be bashful and will soon blush, they call him a babish and ill brought up thing. Ascham. Babishly (bab'ish-li), adv. Childishly. Babishness (bab'ish-nes), n. Childishness. Bablah (bab'la), n. The pod of several species of Acacia which comes from the East and from Senegal under the name of nebneb. It contains gallic acid, tannin, and a red colouring matter, and has been used in dyeing cotton for producing various shades of drab. Bablative (bab'la-tiv), a. [From babble.] Talkative; garrulous. Florio. Baboo, Babu (ba-bö'), n. A Hindu title of respect paid to gentlemen, especially to merchants, clerks, &c., equivalent to master, sir. Baboon (ba-bön'), n. [Fr. babouin, sometimes derived from babine, the lip of a beast, its large lips forming a prominent feature in this animal; it appears more probable, however, that babouin is of like origin with E. baby, and in the thirteenth century it is said to have had the meaning of a little man.] The dog-faced ape, a term applied to Old World Quadrumana of the genera Cynocephalus and Papio. They have elongated abrupt muzzles like a dog, strong tusks or canine Mandrill or Rib-nosed Baboon (Cynocephalus teeth, usually short tails, cheek pouches, small deep eyes with huge eyebrows, and naked callosities on the hips. Their hind and fore feet are well proportioned, so that they run easily on all fours, but they do not maintain themselves in an upright posture with facility. They are generally of the size of a large pointer, but the largest, the mandrill, is, when erect, nearly of the height of a man. They are almost all African, ugly, sullen, fierce, lascivious, and gre -Babies in the eyes,t the minute reflection which a person sees of himself in the eyes of another. There are many allusions to this in our older poets, and hence such phrases as to look babies in one's eyes, used with regard to a lover. She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses, Toyed with his locks, looked babies in his eyes. Heywood. The pupil of the eye seems sometimes to have been itself called the baby, the L. pupilla (whence E. pupil) meaning a baby girl, and also the pupil of the eye. Baby (ba'bi), a. Babyish; infantine; pertaining to an infant. 'Moulded thy baby thought.' Tennyson. Baby (ba'bi), v. t. To treat like a young child. Young. At best it babies us with endless toys, And keeps us children till we drop to dust. Baby-farmer (bā'bi-farm-ér), n. A woman who receives infants, generally illegitimate, from their parents, on the pretext of bringing them up, the object being to have the child removed from sight; one who lives by baby-farming. See BABY-FARMING. Baby-farming (ba'bi-farm-ing), n. A system by which newly born, generally illegitimate, infants are received from their parents, on the pretext of being properly nursed and cared for, while in reality the object more generally is to conceal the shame of the parents by removing the infant from sight. Babyhood (ba'bi-hud), n. The state of being a baby; infancy. Baby-house (ba'bi-hous), n. A place for children's dolls and babies. 198 animals live in herds, feed on herbage, are sometimes tamed, and their flesh is well flavoured. Babyrussa (Sus Babyrussa). Babyship (ba'bi-ship), n. The state or condition of a baby. Baby-walker (ba'bi-wak-ér), n. A go-cart. Bac (bak), n. [Fr. bac. See BACK, the vessel.] A ferry-boat; a vessel used in brewing and distilling. Bacca (bak'ka), n. [L.] In bot. a berry; a one-celled fruit, with several naked seeds immersed in a pulpy mass, as the gooseberry. This definition excludes many fruits to which Baccalaureate (bak-ka-la'rē-at), n. the name of berry is popularly applied. [L.L. baccalaureatus, from baccalaureus, a corrupted form of L. L. baccalarius,bachalarius, Fr. bachelier, a bachelor, in the sense of one who has attained the lowest degree in a university, the corruption having evidently arisen in the supposition that the term was derived from bacca, a berry, and laurus, a laurel. See BACHELOR.] The degree of Bachelor of Arts. PerBaccalaureate (bak-ka-la'rē-at), a. taining to a Bachelor of Arts; as, a baccalaureate sermon, a farewell discourse delivered in some American colleges to a graduating class. BACCIVOROUS Bacchante (ba-kan'tē), n. pl. Bacchantes (ba-kan'tēz). 1. A priestess of Bacchus, or one who joined in the celebration of the Bacchante, from a marble in British Museum. feasts of Bacchus; one in a state of bacchic frenzy. The figure represents a bacchante Baccharic (bak'a-rik),n. Same as Bacharach. with cymbals.-2. A female bacchanal. The wine was baccharic, of the first vintage, and great age. Sir W. Scott. Baccharis (bak'a-ris), n. [The name of a shrub dedicated to Bacchus.] A large genus of plants, nat. order Compositæ. They are shrubs or herbs, often glossy from a resinous secretion which covers their smooth leaves, and are easily distinguished from their allies by being diœcious. The flowers appear in the autumn, and are whitish or yellowish. The genus contains more than 200 species, all natives of the New World, growing from the sea level to the snow line of the Andes, and often covering the plateaus to the exclusion almost of other vegetation. Sudorific and tonic virtues are ascribed to some of the species. Babyish (ba'bi-ish), a. Like a baby; very Baccare, Backare (bak-ka're), interj. [A Bacchic, Bacchical (bak'ik, bak'ik-al), a. childish. 'An affectation of babyish interjections.' Jeffrey. Babyishness (ba'bi-ish-nes), n. The quality of being like a baby; extreme childishness. Babyism (ba'bi-izm), n. 1. The condition of a baby; babyhood. Jeffrey.-2. A childish mode of speech. 'Babyisms and dear diminutives. Tennyson. Baby-jumper (ba'bi-jump-er), n. A strong band of galvanized caoutchouc, usually suspended from the roof of a room, with a seat, in which a little child may be securely fas tened, attached to it. When the child's feet touch the ground and partially support its weight the caoutchouc band contracts, and thus a jumping or bobbing motion is produced. Babylonian, Babylonish (bab-i-lō'ni-an, ba-bi-lo'nish), a. [See BABEL.] 1. Pertaining to Babylon, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia, or to the kingdom. 2. Like the confusion of tongues at Babel; mixed; confused. Babylonian (bab-i-lo'ni-an), n. 1. An inhabitant of Babylonia; a Chaldean.-2. An astrologer: so called because the Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology. Babylonic (bab-i-lon'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as, Babylonic garments, carpets, or hangings.-2. Tumultuous; disorderly. Sir J. Harington. Babylonical (bab-i-lon 'ik-al), a. Same as Babylonic. Babylonish, a. See BABYLONIAN. Babylonite (bab'i-lon-it), n. The arrowshaped Babylonish character. See CUNEI FORM. humorously formed pseudo-Latin word, being merely the E. back with a Latin termination, apparently that of the infinitive of the first conjugation.] Stand back! Go back! Ah, backare, quod Mortimer to his sowe. Roister Doister. Baccare! you are marvellous forward. Shak. Backare, quoth Mortimer to his sow, see Mortimer's sow speaketh as good Latyn as hee. Heywood. ['Backare, quoth Mortimer to his sow' was a proverbial saying the origin of which is not known.] Baccate (bak'kāt), a. In bot. 1. Succulent, or having a pulpy texture like a berry. 2. Bearing berries; berried. Baccated (bak'kat-ed), a. [L. baccatus, garnished with berries or pearls, from bacca, a berry.] 1. Having many berries.-2. ↑ Set or adorned with pearls. Bailey. Bacchanal (bak'a-nal), a. [L. bacchanalis, from Bacchus, Gr. Bakchos, the god of wine.] Revelling in intemperate drinking; riotous; noisy. Bacchanal feasts.' Crowley. Bacchanal (bak'a-nal), n. 1. A votary of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels; one who is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a drunkard. Each bold bacchanal.' Byron.-2. [L. bacchanalia, a feast of Bacchus.] pl. In class. antiq. feasts in honour of Bacchus, the god of wine, which were celebrated in spring and autumn, with games and shows; hence, drunken feasts. Bacchanalia (bak-a-na 'li-a), n. pl. [L] Feasts or festive rites in honour of Bacchus. See BACCHANAL, n. 2. Bacchanalian (bak-a-na'li-an), n. and a. Same as Bacchanal Stukeley. Sculptures of the bacchanalians. Bacchanalianism (bak-a-na'li-an-izm), n. Baby-pin (ba'bi-pin), n. A safety-pin. Babyrussa, Babyroussa (bab-i-ros'sa), n. The Indian horned-hog (Sus or Porcus Babyrussa), family Suidae or pig tribe, order Artiodactyla or even-toed Pachydermata, a native of the Indian Archipelago, but not found on the continent of Asia or of Africa. From the outside of the upper jaw spring two teeth 12 inches long, curving upwards and backwards like horns, and almost touching the forehead. The tusks of the lower jaw also appear externally, though they are not so long as those of the upper jaw. Along the back are some weak bristles, and on the rest of the body only a sort of wool. These ! They appear in a state of intoxication and are the bacchants in a delirium. Rees. 1. Relating to Bacchus, the god of wine; as, a bacchic feast or song; bacchic mysteries. The bacchic orgia were celebrated on the tops of hills and desolate wild places. Stukeley. 2. Jovial; drunken; mad with intoxication. 'Bacchical enthusiasm.' Dr. Spencer. Bacchius (ba-ki'us), n. [Said to be so named from its use in hymns in honour of Bacchus.] In anc. pros. a foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones, as in ǎvări. Bacchus (bak'us), n. [L.; Gr. Bakchos, the noisy or riotous god; originally, merely an epithet or surname of Dionysos, the Greek god of wine.] In Greek and Latin myth. another name of Dionysos, the god of wine, son of Zeus (Jupiter) and Semele. He is represented with a round, soft, and graceful form, approaching that of maiden, frequently in an easy attitude and supporting himself by his thyrsus as if slightly intoxicated, with a languid countenance, and with his hair knit behind in a knot and wreathed with sprigs of ivy and vine leaves. He is said first to have taught the cultivation of the grape, and the preparation of wine and other intoxicating liquors. Bacciferous (bak-sif'èr-us), a. [L. bacciferbacca, a berry, and fero, to bear.] Bearing or producing berries. Baccivorous (bak-siv'o-rus), a. [L. bacca, a berry, and voro, to devour] Eating or subsisting on berries; as, baccivorous birds. Bacchus, from an antique statue. Bacheleria, n. [L.L. See BACHELOR.] In old records, the commonalty or yeomanry, in contradistinction to the baronage. Bachelerie, n. 1. Knighthood. Chaucer. 2 Knights collectively. Chaucer. Bachelor (bach'el-èr), n. [O.E. bacheler, bachilar, &c., O. Fr. bacheler, bachellier, bachiler, Fr. bachelier: a word whose etymology has been much controverted. The old derivations from baccalaureus, as if the word properly meant one crowned with the laurel of Apollo, or from bas chevalier, a low or inferior knight, cannot be maintained. Diez, Littré, and Brachet derive it from Merovingian L. baccalarius, originally the proprietor of a baccalaria or small farm, Brachet taking this word from L. L. bacca, for L. racca, a cow; comp. Fr. berger, a shepherd, from L. vervex, a wether. The baccalarius was above a serf, but still only a vassal, who marched under the banner of a vassal of higher degree. The word in time came to have the meaning of a person who has obtained a bachelor's degree, and was then corrupted to baccalaureus. Wedgwood and others less probably refer the ultimate origin to the Celtic, bringing forward such words as W. bach, Ir. and Gael. beg, little, W. baches, a little darling.] 1. Anciently, a person in the first or probationary stage of knighthood who had not yet raised his standard in the field.-2. A person who has taken the first degree (baccalaureate) in the liberal arts and sciences, or in divinity, law, or medicine, at a college or university. See etymology of BACCALAUREATE.-3. A man of any age who has not been married. It was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor; I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. Shak. 4. A woman who has not been married. He would keep you A bachelor still, And keep you not alone without a husband, But in a sickness. B. Jonson. 5. In London livery companies, a person not yet admitted to the livery. Knight bachelor, the title now given to one who has been raised to the dignity of a knight without being made a member of any of the orders of chivalry such as the Garter or the Thistle. Bachelorism (bach'el-ér-izm), n. The state of a bachelor; bachelorship. Bachelor's Buttons (bach'el-érz but-nz). n. pl. [From an ancient custom of country youths carrying the flower in their pockets to know if they would succeed with their sweethearts] The popular name of several plants, as the double-flowered variety of Lychnis diurna (the red campion), Centaurea nigra (knapweed), but chiefly of the double-flowered variety of Ranunculus aconitifolius (white bachelor's buttons), and Ranunculus acris (yellow bachelor's buttons). Bachelorship (bach'el-ér-ship), n. The state of being a bachelor; bachelorism. Her mother liveth yet, can testify She was the first fruit of my bachelorship. Shak. Bacillaria (ba-sil·là'ri-a), n. [From L. bacillus, dim. of baculum, a staff.] A genus of microscopic Alga, belonging to the class Diatomaceæ. They consist of slender, rectangular segments, arranged in tabular or oblique series. The compound segments or frustules are incessantly slipping backwards and forwards over each other. They are frequent on our coasts. Bacilli (ba-sil'li), n. pl. [L., a dim. of baculum, a stick. In bot. the single valves of the frustules of diatoms. Back (bak), n. [A. Sax. bac, bæc, O. E. bakke, bak, Icel. Sw. and L. G. bak, Dan. bag, O. H.G. bach, pah, the back; allied to Sw. backe, a hill, a ridge, because in animals the back forms a ridge; comp. G. rücken, back, E. ridge.] 1 The posterior part of the trunk extending from the inferior and posterior region of the beck as far as the loins; the region of the spine; the hinder part of the body in man and the upper in other animals. 2. Anything resembling the back in position--(a) as being behind or furthest from the face or front like the back in man; as, the back of a house; the back of a book (the part which is (b) As being behind, or in the furthest distance, with reference to the spectator, speaker, scene of action, or the like; as, the back of an island; the back of a wood; the back of a village. (c) As being the part which comes behind in the ordinary movements of a thing, or when it is used; as, the back of the hand; the back of a knife, saw,&c. (d) As forming the upper, and especially the outer and upper portion of a thing, like the back of one of the lower animals; as, the back of a handrail; the back of a rafter; in mining, the back of a lode (the upper part of it), the back of a level (the ground above a level separating it from the next level above or the surface of the ground). 'O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson. (The mountains) their broad, bare backs upheave. Milton. (e) As being that which supports the ribs; as, the back of a ship (namely, the keel and keelson). [In some of the above and in other similar cases several analogies may have been operative in determining the usage.]-3. By synecdoche, the whole body; as, he has not clothes to his back. 4. pl. A term given by leather merchants to the thickest and best-tanned hides.-5. ↑ The address of a letter, formerly written on the back of the letter itself. Sir W. Scott.6. A reserve or secondary resource. This project Should have a back or second, that might hold, If this should blast in proof. Shak. -Back and belly, (a) before and behind; all over; as, to beat a person back and belly. (b) Clothes and food; as, to keep a person back and belly, to keep him in clothes and food. Macmillan's Mag. [Vulgar.]-Backs and cutters, a miner's name for jointed rock-structures, the backs running in lines more or less parallel to the strike of the strata, and forming the 'back' of the quarry, and the cutters crossing them at right angles. --Back and edge, wholly; completely. They have engaged themselves ours back and edge. Lady Alimony. -Behind the back, in secret, or when one is absent. To be on another's back, to be severe on one for any fault or foolish act; to chide; to ridicule. [Colloq.]-To be on one's (own) back, to be at the end of one's resources; to be aground. [Colloq.]-To bow down the back, to submit to oppression. Rom. xi. 10.-To cast behind the back, in Scrip. (a) to forget and forgive. Is. xxxviii. 17. (b) To treat with contempt. Ezek. xxiii. 35; Neh. ix. 26.-To give a back, to bend the back and keep it firm so as to allow another to leap over one's head by placing his hands upon one's back, or to mount up to anything, [Colloq.]—To make a back. Same as To give a back. To put or set one's back up against, to show antipathy or aversion towards; to resist: a metaphor probably taken from the practice of cats. [Colloq-To see the back of, to get rid of. - To turn the back on one, to forsake or neglect him. Back (bak), n. [Fr. bac, a back or ferryboat, à brewer's or distiller's back; Armor. bac, a boat; D. bak, a bowl; Dan. bakke, a tray. The word may be originally Celtic. See BASIN, which is from this word.] 1. A large flat-bottomed ferry-boat, especially one adapted for carrying vehicles, and worked by a chain or rope fastened on each side of the ferry.-2. A large tub or vessel: (a) in brewing and distilling, a vessel into which the wort, &c., is drawn for the purpose of cooling, straining, mixing, &c. It receives various names in accordance with its position and uses; as, under-back, spirit-back, wash-back. (b) In glue-making, a receptacle in which a solution of glue is kept warm until the impurities have time to settle; specifically called a Settling-back.-3. A kind of wooden trough for carrying fuel; a coal-scuttle. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Back (bak), adv. [From the noun; short for aback, A. Sax. on bæc, back] 1. To or toward the place from which one came; as, to go back.-2. Fig. to a former state, condition, or station; as, he cannot go back to his old occupation.-3. Behind; not advancing; not coming or bringing forward; in a state of restraint or hinderance; as, to keep back a part; to keep one's self back. The Lord hath kept thee back from honour. BACK BITE 4. Toward times or things past; as, to look back on former ages.-5. Again; in return; as, to give back the money. 6. Away from contact; by reverse movement. The angel of the Lord... came and rolled back the stone from the door. Mat. xxviii. 2. 7. In withdrawal or resilement from an undertaking or engagement; as, to draw back. I've been surprised in an unguarded hour, 8. Ago; since; as, a little time back. [Colloq.] Make her go back even to the yielding. Shak Back (bak), a. 1. Lying in the rear of another object; remote; as, back settlements.-2. In a backward direction; returning in the direction whence it came; as, back-stroke, backwater. Back (bak), v.t. [Partly directly from the noun, partly from the adverb.] 1. To furnish with a back or backing; to strengthen or support at the back; as, to back a book; to back an electrotype plate; to back the armour-plates of a war-vessel with teak. -2. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen by aid; as, the court was backed by the House of Commons: often with up. Success still follows him and backs his crimes. 3. To bet or wager in favour of; to express Back (bak), v.i. To move or go back; as, the horse refuses to back.-To back astern, to back water (naut.), to move stern foremost. To back and fill, to keep a ship in the middle of the stream of a narrow river by alternately advancing ahead from one shore and moving backwards from the opposite shore. while the stream carries her along, the wind being contrary to the direction of the stream. -To back down, to withdraw a charge; to eat one's words. Bartlett. [United States.] To back out, to retreat from a difficulty or resile from an engagement. [Colloq.] Backarack (bak'a-rak), n. Rhine wine made at Bacharach, formerly popular in England. (See BACHARACH.) With backarack and aqua vitæ.' Hudibras. Called also Backrack, Backrag, &c. Back-band (bakʼband), n. That part of the harness which goes over the back of a horse and bears up the shafts of the carriage. Back-bar (bak'bär), n. A bar in the chimney to hang a vessel on. Backbite (bak'bit), v.t. To bite the back of; generally fig. to censure, slander, or speak evil of, in the absence of the person traduced. In the first extract there is a play upon the literal and figurative meaning of the word. They are arrant knaves, and will backbite-No worse than they are backbitten, sir; for they have Shak. marvellously foul linen. Most untruly and maliciously do these evil tongues backbite and slander the sacred ashes of that personage. Spenser. Backbite (bak'bit), v. i. To slander or speak evil of the absent. 'He that backbiteth not with his tongue.' Ps. xv. 3. BACKBITER Backbiter (bak'bit-ér), n. One who slanders, calumniates, or speaks ill of the absent. Face-flatterers and backbiters are the same. Tennyson. Backbiting (bak'bīt-ing), n. The act of slandering the absent; secret calumny. 'Envyings, wraths, strifes, backbitings, whisperings. 2 Cor. xii. 20. Backbitingly (bak'bit-ing-li), adv. With secret slander. Backboard (bak'bōrd), n. A board for the back; a board placed at the back or serving as the back of something; specifically, (a) a board placed across the after part of a boat to support the backs of the occupants. (b) A board used to support the back and give erectness to the figure. A careful and undeviating use of the backboard. is recommended as necessary to the acquirement of that dignified deportment and carriage so requisite for every young lady of fashion. Thackeray. Back-bond (bakʼbond), n. In Scots law, a deed attaching a qualification or condition to the terms of a conveyance, or other instrument. Backbone (bak'bōn), n. 1. The bone of the back; the spine; the vertebral column. 2. Something resembling a backbone in appearance, position, or office; as, the Apennines are the backbone of Italy.-3. Fig. firmness; stability of purpose; decision of character; resolution; moral principle; as, he has no backbone in him.-To the backbone, to the utmost extent of one's power or nature; out and out; thoroughly; entirely. Jolly old Burbo, staunch to the backbone. Lord Lytton. A true-blue Tory to the backbone.' T. Hughes. Game to the backbone.' Trollope. Back-box (bak'boks), n. In printing, one of the boxes on the top of the upper case, usually appropriated to small capitals. Back-carryt (bak'ka-ri), n. In forest law, the crime of having game on the back, as deer unlawfully killed. Back-cast (bak'kast), n. 1. A cast or throw back. 2. A backward stroke, or a stroke driving one back; hence, fig. any discouragement or cause of relapse or failure. [Scotch.] Back-centre (bak'sen-tér), n. The point on the back or dead spindle of a lathe which supports that end of the work. Back-chain (bak'chan), n. A chain that passes over the cart-saddle of a horse to support the shafts. Back-comb (bak'kōm), n. A woman's comb for the back hair. Back-door (bak'dōr), n. A door on the back part of a building; a private passage; an indirect way. Popery, which is so far shut out as not to re-enter openly, is stealing in by the back-door of atheism. Atterbury. Backed (bakt), a. 1. Having a back: used chiefly in composition; as, broad-backed, hump-backed. 'Sharp-headed, barrel-belly'd, broadly-back'd.' Dryden. 2. Mounted; placed on the back. Great Jupiter upon his eagle backed.' Shak. Backen (bak'n), v. t. To put back; to retard. Back-end (bak'end), n. The latter end or part; particularly applied to the latter part of autumn. [Scotch.] The hedges will do, I clipped them wi' my ain hands last back-end. Prof. Wilson. Backer (bak'ér), n. 1. One who backs or gets on the back; as, a backer of untamed horses.-2. One who backs or supports another in an undertaking, and especially in any trial of skill, agility, or strength; one who bets or 'lays' his money in favour of a particular party in a contest.-8. In arch. a narrow slate laid on the back of a broad square-headed slate, where the slates begin to diminish in width. Backer, adv. More or further back. With that anon I went me backer more. Chaucer. Backet (bak'et), n. [Fr. baquet, a trough, from bac, a vessel. See BACK, a vessel.] A trough or box, especially for carrying out ashes or cinders. [Scotch.] Backfaller (bak'fal-ér), n. A backslider; a renegade. Onias with many lyke backfallers from God fled into Egypte. Foye. Back-friend (bak'frend), n. A secret enemy. [Rare.] Far is our church from encroaching upon the civil power; as some who are back friends to both would maliciously insinuate. South Backgammon (bak-gam'mon), n. [Dan. bakke, a tray, and E. gammon, a game, Dan. gammen, mirth. Wedgwood.] A game played 200 by two persons upon a table or board made for the purpose, with pieces or men, diceboxes, and dice. The table is in two parts, on which are twenty-four black and white spaces called points. Each player has fifteen men of different colours for the purpose of distinction. The movements of the men are made in accordance with the numbers turned up by the dice. Back-ground (bak'ground), n. 1. Ground in the rear or behind, as opposed to the front.-2. The part of a picture represented as farthest from the spectator; that which is represented as behind a figure or group of figures.-3. Fig. a situation little seen or noticed; a position in which one tries to avoid notice. 'A husband somewhere in the back-ground.' Thackeray. Back-hand (bak'hand), n. Writing sloping backwards or to the left; as, he writes backhand. Backhanded; unBackhand (bak'hand), a. favourable; unfair; as, a backhand influ ence. Backhanded (bak'hand-ed), a. 1. With the hand turned backward; as, a backhanded blow.-2. Unfair; oblique; indirect; sarcastic; as, a backhanded compliment.-3. Sloping back or to the left; as, backhanded writing. Backhanded (bak'hand-ed), adv. With the hand directed backward; as, to strike backhanded. Backhandedness (bak'hand-ed-nes), n. State of being backhanded; unfairness. Ec. Rev. Backhander (bak hand-ér), n. A blow with the back of the hand; as, to strike one a backhander. Backhouse (bak'hous), n. A building behind or back from the main or front building. 1. The act expressed Backing (bak'ing), n. by the verb to back in its various senses.2. Support, physical or moral, from some agency behind, or, figuratively, at the back of a principal; as, he would have gone on with it, but he could get no backing from anybody.-3. The address of a letter.-4. In technology, something put at or attached to the back of something else by way of support or finish, or the act of putting it there; as, (a) a layer or layers of timber, generally teak, on which the iron plates of armourclad ships are bolted. (b) In bookbinding, the preparing of the back of a book with glue, &c., before putting on the cover. (c) In weaving, the web of coarser or stronger material at the back of such piled fabrics as velvet, plush, satin, Brussels carpet, &c. Backing-up (bak'ing-up), n. 1. See To back up under BACK, v.t.-2. A term used in cricket and certain other games for stopping the ball and driving it back. Back-joint (bakʼjoint), n. In masonry, a rebate such as that made on the inner side of a chimney-piece to receive a slip. Back-lash (bak'lash), n. In mech. the reaction upon each other of a pair of wheels produced by irregularities of velocity when the load is not constant or the moving power is not uniform. Back-lining (bak'lin-ing), n. In windows, the piece of a sash frame parallel to the pulley piece and next to the jamb on each side. Back-link (bak'lingk), n. In engines, one of the links in a parallel motion which connect the air-pump rod to the beam. Backlins (bak'linz), adv. [Back, and a genit. term. lins-ling, long, as in darkling, headlong.] Backwards. [Scotch.] Back-look (bak'luk), n. Retrospective view; as, to take a back-look. Back-painting (bak'pant-ing), n. A method of staining mezzotinto prints with varnish colours after they have been affixed to glass, giving them the effect of paintings on glass. Fairholt. Back-parlour (bak'pär-lér), n. A parlour in the back part of a house. Back-piece, Back-plate (bak'pēs, bak'plāt), n. A piece at the back of something; specifically, a piece of armour which covered the back. The re Back-pressure (bak'pre-shör), n. sistance of the atmosphere or waste steam to the action of the piston of a steam-engine. Backrack, Backragt (bak'rak, bakʼrag), n. Wine made at Bacharach. See BACHARACH. 'Good backrack.. to drink down in healths to this day.' Beau. & Fl. I'm for no tongues but dry'd ones, such as will Give a fine relish to my backrag. Old Play. Back-raking (bak'rak-ing), n. An operation BACKSTAND in farriery, by which hardened fæces are withdrawn from the rectum. Back-rent (bak'rent), n. In Scots law, a rent paid subsequently to reaping; thus, when a tenant entering with a lease is allowed to reap and sell his first crop before paying his rent, the rent in this case is termed a backrent, in contradistinction to a rent payable previously to the first crop being reaped, and which is termed a fore-rent. Back-rest (bak'rest), n. A guide attached to the slide-rest of a lathe and placed in contact with the work to steady it in turning. Back-return (bak'rē-térn), n. A going or coming back; return. 'Harry's back-return to France.' Shak. "The back-return of Charon's boat.' Marlowe. Back-room (bak'röm), n. A room in the back part of a house. Back-rope (bak'rōp), n. Same as Martingalestays. See under MARTINGALE. A saw whose web is Back-saw (bak'są), n. stiffened by a metallic back of greater substance, such as a tenon-saw. Backsett (bak'set), a. Set upon in the rear. 'Backset with Pharaoh's whole power.' Ant. Anderson. Backset (bak'set), n. A check or misadventure in an undertaking; a relapse in illness. [Scotch.] An Back-settlement (bak'set-l1-ment), n. outlying and unreclaimed or only partially reclaimed district of a country beginning to be occupied for cultivation; as, the backsettlements of America: mostly used in the plural. See BACKWOODS. Back-settler (bak'set-l-ér), n. One inhabiting the back-settlements of a country. Backshish, Backsheesh (bak'shësh), n. A gift; gratuity; drink-money. See BAKSHISH. Backside (bak'sid), n. The back part of anything; the part opposite to the front or behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator, as the hind part of an animal; the yard, ground, or place behind a house. Back-sight (bak'sit), n. 1. The first reading from a levelling staff taken from any position of the instrument. All other readings are called fore-sights.-2. The rear sight of a gun. Back-slang (bak'slang), n. A species of slang in which the words are pronounced or written backwards, or as nearly so as the skill of the speaker or writer, or the nature of the word will permit; thus, penny becomes yennep, woman namow, and so on. Backslide (bak-slid'), v. i. To slide back; hence, to fall off; to apostatize; to turn gradually from the faith. I have fallen back to my carnal temper, from the holy ways of God, and have again backslided. Bp. Hopkins. Backslider (bak'slid-ér), n. One who backslides: (a) an apostate; one who falls from the faith and practice of religion. Prov. xiv. 14. (b) One who neglects his vows of obedience and falls into sin. Backsliding (bak'slid-ing), p. and a. Sliding backwards; hence, apostatizing from faith or practice; falling insensibly from religion into sm or idolatry. Backsliding Israel.' Jer. iii. 6. Backslidingness (bak'slid-ing-nes), n. The state of backsliding. Back-speed (bak'sped), n. In mech, a second speed-gear of a lathe, which can be brought into action on the fore-speed so that second series of speeds of the spindle are thereby obtained. Back-staff (bak'staf), n. [From its being used with the observer's back toward the sun.] An instrument invented by Captain John Davis about 1590, and used, before the invention of the quadrant and sextant, for taking the sun's altitude at sea. Backstair, Backstairs (bak'star, bak'stārz), n. A stair or stairs in the back part of a house; private stairs. Backstair, Backstairs (bak'star, bak'stārz), a. 1. Of or pertaining to stairs in the back part of a house; as, a backstair entrance.2. Indirect; oblique; underhand; unfair; as, backstairs influence. He's like a backstair minister at court, who, whilst the reputed favourites are sauntering in the bed-cham. ber, is ruling the roast in the closet. Sir J. Vanbrugh. Back-stall (bak'stal), n. The thief who walks behind the actual operator in a garrote-robbery to conceal him when at work and make off with the booty. See GARROTE-ROBBERY. Backstand (bak'stand), n. Support; something to fall back upon. 'A sure staye and a stedfast backstande at home.' Hall |