BALSAMITO balsam and some other species of the genus Impatiens (which see). Balsamito (bal-sa-me'to), n. A liquid having a bitter taste, a light sherry colour, and the odour of the tonquin-bean, produced by digesting the fruit of the balsam of Peru in rum. It is taken internally, and used as an application to sloughing sores, especially those caused by the chigoe. Balsamodendron (bal'sam-ō-den"dron), n. (Gr. balsamon, balsam, and dendron, a tree.] A genus of trees, nat. order Amyridaceæ, remarkable for their powerful balsamic juice. They have compound leaves and small green flowers followed by small oval nuts. B. Myrrha yields myrrh or hobali, called kerobeta by the Abyssinians; B. Opobalsamum yields the balm of Mecca, beshan, or balessan of Bruce; B. gileadense yields balm of Gilead; B. africanum yields the African bdellium; B. Mukul of Scinde yields a resin called googul, believed to be the bdellium of the Bible. Balsamous (bal'sam-us), a. Having the qualities of balsam; abounding in balsam; consisting of balsam. Now the radical moisture is not the tallow or fat of animals, but an oily and balsamous substance. Sterne. Balteus (bal'tě-us), n. pl. Baltei (bal'tė-i). [L] 1. In Rom. antiq. the belt by which the sword or quiver was suspended.-2. In arch. a band in the flank of an Ionic pulvinated capital. Baltic (bal'tik), a. [New L. balticus, from Lith. baltas, white.] Pertaining to the sea which separates Norway and Sweden from Denmark, Germany, and Russia; situated on or bordering the Baltic Sea; as, the Baltic islands; the Baltic coasts. Baltimore-bird (bal'ti-mor-bérd), n. American bird, the Icterus Baltimorii,family Icterida, nearly allied to the Sturnidæ, or starlings, about the size of an English linnet. Its head is black and its body of a bright gold colour. It is the Oriolus Baltimore of Wilson. An Baluster (bal'us-ter), n. [Fr. balustre, Sp. balaustre, It. balaustro, a baluster, It. and Sp. balaustra, the flower of the wild pomegranate, all from L. balaustium, Gr. balaustion, the flower of the wild pomegranate, the baluster being so called from a resemblance of form, or from pomegranate flowers being used to adorn balustrades. ] 1. A small column or pilaster, of various forms and dimensions, often adorned with mouldings, used for balustrades. Leaning.. on those balusters. Tennyson. [In this use often corrupted into banister or bannister.]2. The lateral part of the volute of the Ionic capital. Balustered (bal'us-térd), a. Having balusters. Balustered with gold.' Dryden. Balustrade (bal-us-trad'), n. [Fr. balustrade, from balustre, a baluster (which see).] A row of balusters, joined by a rail, Balustrade. serving as a fence or inclosure for altars, balconies, staircases, terraces, tops of buildings, &c.: it is often used merely as an or nament. Broad-based flights of marble stairs Ran up with golden balustrade. Tennyson. Balzarine (bal'za-ren), n. A light mixed fabric of cotton and wool for ladies' dresses. Bam (bam), n. [Perhaps an abbreviation of bamboozle; compare also Armor. bamein, to enchant, to deceive, bamour, a sorcerer, a deceiver.] A cheat; an imposition. [Slang.] It was all a bam, madam, a scene we thought proper to act. A. Murphy. To relieve the tedium he kept plying them with all manner of bams. Prof. Wilson. Bam (bam), v.t. To bamboozle; to cheat; to wheedle. [Slang.] This is some conspiracy, I suppose, to bam, to chouse me out of my money. Foote. Bambino (bäm-be'no), n. [It., a child.] In the fine arts, the figure of our Saviour represented as an infant in swaddling clothes, often surrounded by a halo, and watched 211 over by angels, and forming the altar-piece in several churches. The Santissimo Bambino in the church of Ara Coeli at Rome, a richly decorated figure carved in wood, is believed to have a miraculous virtue in The Bambino, Church of Ara Coeli, Rome. curing diseases. Bambinos of a similar though inferior description are set up for the adoration of the faithful in many places in Catholic countries. Bambocciade, Bambocciate (bam-bok'sēad, bam-bok'se-at), n. [From It. bamboccio, simpleton, cripple, the nickname given to Pieter Van Laar, a painter of such scenes, on account of his deformity.] In painting, a term applied to grotesque scenes from common life, as penny weddings, rustic games, and merry-makings. Teniers is the great master of this style, and in British art Wilkie is probably its best representative. Called also Bambocciata. Bamboo (bam-bö'), n. [Malay bambú.] The common name of the arborescent grasses belonging to the genus Bambusa (which see). Bamboo (bam-bö), v.t. To punish or strike with a bamboo; to bastinado. Bamboo-rat (bam-bö'rat), n. A species of rodent animal of the genus Rhizomys, found in Malacca, of the size of a rabbit. Bamboozle (bam-bö'zl), v.t. [This word seems closely allied to Sc. bumbazed, bombazed (or simply bazed), stupefied, confounded, a word that reminds us of D. bom, the bung of a barrel, and baazen, verbazen, to confound, the original meaning being perhaps to stupefy with drink. Or the elements of the word may be bam, and boose, bouse, D. buizen, to swill or drink deep.] To impose or practise upon; to mystify; to hoax; to humbug; to deceive. All the people upon earth, excepting these two or three worthy gentlemen, are imposed upon, cheated, bubbled, abused, bamboozled. Addison. Bamboozler (bam-bo'zl-ér), n. One who bamboozles; a cheat; one who plays tricks upon another. There are a set of fellows they call banterers and bamboozlers, that play such tricks. Arbuthnot. Bambusa (bam-bo'sa), n. [See BAMBOO.] A genus of grasses containing nearly seventy species, natives of tropical regions, many of which attain a great size. The best known is B. arundinacea. From the creeping underground rhizome, which is long, thick, and jointed, spring several round jointed stalks, which at 10 or 12 feet from the ground send out from their joints several shoots which are united at their base. The stalks are armed at their joints with one or two sharp rigid spines. The oblong oval leaves, 8 or 9 inches long, are placed on short footstalks. The flowers grow in large panicles from the joints of the stalk. Some stems grow to 5 or 6 inches in diameter, and are so hard and durable as to be used for building and for all sorts of furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins. The smaller stalks are used for walking-sticks, flutes, &c. The plant is used for many purposes in the East Indies, China, and other eastern countries. Cottages are almost wholly made of it; also, bridges, boxes, baskets, mats, paper, masts for boats, &c. It grows for twenty-five or more years before it produces seed, which is sometimes used as rice, while the young shoots are 1. Bamboo (B. arundinacea), showing its mode of growth. 2, Flowers, leaves, and stem on a larger scale. Calcutta, forming stockades penetrable only by artillery; B. tulda, used for scaffolding and covering native houses; B. tabacaria, whose joints are used for the stems of tobacco-pipes; B. picta, for light walkingsticks; B. balcooa, for building. The finest species is perhaps B. latifolia, a native of Orinoco. Like other grasses, the bamboos contain silex in considerable quantity, the stalks of some species, as B. tabacaria, striking fire with a hatchet. Bambusacea (bam-bo-sa'se-e), n. pl. A tribe of grasses of great economical importance, comprising nearly 200 species, divided into several genera, of which the genus Bambusa may be regarded as the type. (See BAMBUSA.) Besides the species there described the tribe includes Dendrocalamus strictus, used in India for the shafts of lances; Melocanna bambusoides, which produces a fleshy edible fruit of the size and form of a large pear; and several others of economical value. Bamia (ba'mi-a), n. A fish, a species of Silurus, taken in the Red Sea. It is much used in a dried state as food for native sailors. Ban (ban), n. [A. Sax. ban, gebann, interdict, proclamation, edict; Fr. ban, L.L. bannus, bannum, from O. H. G. ban, a summons, G. bann, the word belonging originally to the Teutonic languages; D. ban, excommunication; Icel. and Sw. bann, proclamation; Dan. band, a ban, bande, to curse. Grimm connects this word with Goth. bandva, a sign, whence bandvjan, to beckon, to make a sign. From the sense of sign, indication, the transition is easy to that of proclamation, edict. The meanings interdiction, proscription, penalty, curse, are from ban in its secondary sense of a summons to the banner of the empire, these senses flowing from the punishments denounced against such as neglected the call. From this stem came abandon, banner, bandit, banish, &c.] 1. Notice of a marriage proclaimed in a church: generally used in the plural banns (which see).2. Interdiction; prohibition. Under ban to touch (the forbidden fruit).' Milton.3. Curse; excommunication; anathema. 'With Hecate's ban thrice blasted.' Shak. 4. In reference to continental (especially Teutonic) history and usages, (a) an edict or proclamation in general; an edict of interdiction or proscription; thus, to put a prince under the ban of the empire was to divest him of his dignities, and to interdict all intercourse and all offices of humanity with the offender. Sometimes whole cities have been put under the ban, that is, deprived of their rights and privileges. (b) A pecuniary mulet or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban. (c) A mulet paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other heinous crime. (d) A body summoned by a ban or edict. The ban was sometimes convoked, that is the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services in subsequent ages. Hallam. BAN Ban (ban), v.t. [See the noun.] 1. To curse; Ban (ban), v.i. To curse. And cursed, and Ban (ban), n. [Serv. ban, Slav. pan, a lord.] Banal (ban-al), a. [Fr., from ban, proclama- When the volume was returned, it was with the Banana (ba-nä'na), n. [Sp., from the na- nat. order Musacea, M. sapientum, while 米 Banana (Musa sapientum). the plantain is M. paradisiaca. herbaceous plant with an underground It is an stem. The apparent stem, which is sometimes as high as 30 feet, is formed of the closely compacted sheaths of the leaves. The leaves are 6 feet long and 1 foot broad, with a strong midrib, from which the veins are given off at right angles; they are used for thatch, basket-making, &c., besides yielding a flax from which some of the finest muslins of India are prepared. The spikes of the flowers grow nearly 4 feet long, in bunches, covered with purple-coloured bracts. The fruit is 4 or 5 inches long, and 1 inch or more in diameter; it grows in large bunches, weighing often from 40 to 80 lbs. The pulp is soft and of a luscious taste; when ripe it is eaten raw or fried in slices. The banana is cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and is an important article of food. Weight for weight it is inferior in nutriment to the potato, but it is more productive than any other plant 212 in the West Indies and the warmer parts of Banco (bang'ko), n. [It., a bank, a bench, a Land of my sires! what mortal hand That knits me to thy rugged strand? Sir W. Scott. And Pharaoh-Nechoh put him in bands at Riblah. (c) In bookbinding, one of the cords at the My lord of Somerset, unite Tell me, was he arrested on a band! Shak. grown for food, and a much greater number Band (band), v. t. 1. To bind or tie with a of persons can be subsisted in a given space of ground with the banana than in an equal space of Europe with wheat. Banana-bird (ba-nä'na-bérd), n. Icterus Banana-bird (Icterus leucopteryx). leucopteryx, a pretty insessorial bird which frequents the fruit-trees around the houses Fate, fär, fat, fall; mē, met, her; band. 'His eyes were banded over." Band (band), v.i. To unite: to associate; to Milton. Bandt (band), v.t. [From ban, with para- Sweet love such lewdness bands from his fair com- Band (band), pret. of bind. [Old English and And with a belt his gown about him band. Spenser. pine, pin; BANDIKAI joining fractured and dislocated bones, and the like.-2. A band or ligature in general; that which is bound over something else. Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a bandage over her eyes. Addison. 3. In arch. one of the iron rings or chains bound round the springing of a dome, the Bandage (band'aj), v. t. pret. & pp. bandaged; circumference of a tower, or some similar part of a building, to tie it together. ppr. bandaging. To bind up or dress, as a wound, a fractured limb, &c., with a roller or bandage; to cover with a bandage, as for the purpose of blinding; as, to bandage the Bandagist (band'aj-ist), n. eyes. Bandala (ban-dä'lä), n. [Native name.] The bandages, especially for hernia. A maker of strong outer fibre of the abaca or Musa textilis of Manilla, made into cordage, especially into the well-known Manilla white rope. Bandana, Bandanna (ban-dan'a), n. [Indian name.] 1. A peculiar kind of silk handkerchief manufactured by the Hindus, but now commonly given to silk and cotton handkerchiefs manufactured in this country, which have a uniformly dyed ground, usually of bright red or blue, ornamented with white or yellow circular, lozenge-shaped, or other simple figures produced by discharging the colour.-2. A style of calico-printing in imitation of bandana handkerchiefs, Bandbox (band'boks), n. A slight box made bright spots being produced on a red or dark ground by discharging the colour. of pasteboard, or thin flexible pieces of light wood and paper, for holding bands, caps, bonnets, or other light articles of attire. Band-driver (band'driv-ér), n. in correcting irregularities in the bands of A tool used machinery. E. H. Knight. Bandeau (ban'do), n. pl. Bandeaux (ban'do). [Fr., dim. from bande, a band.] A fillet worn round the head; a head-band; especially, a ribbon with an ornamental knot worn by girls and women above the forehead. Around the edge of this cap was a stiff bandeau of Banded (band'ed), a. leather. Sir W. Scott. any object which is striated or crossed by An epithet applied to coloured bands. -Banded column, one having cinctures at intervals. Bandelore (ban'de-lōr), n. Bandelet, n. See BANDLET. very much used at the beginning of the A kind of toy present century. and Bandeloir. See QUIZ. Also called Bandelone Bandert (band'ér), n. One that bands or associates with others. Yorke and his banders proudly pressed in To challenge the crown by title of right. Banderole (ban'de-rōl), n. [Fr. banderole, Mir. for Mags. from Sp. banderola, a little banner, dim. from bandera, a banner. BANNER.] 1. In her. a See streamer affixed by small lines or strings immediately under the crook on the top of the staff of a bishop, and folding over the staff. 2. A little flag or streamer affixed to a mast, a military weapon, or a trumpet; a pennon; a bandrol. Banderole. From the extremity... fluttered a small bande- Bandicoot (ban'di-köt), n. [A corruption of the Abelmoschus esculentus. See ABEL- oil, pound; BANDILEER Bandileer (ban-di-ler), n. See BANDOLEER. Banding-plane (band'ing-plan), n. A plane used for cutting out grooves, and inlaying strings and bantis in straight and circular work. It bears a general resemblance to the plane called a plough. Banding-ring (band'ing-ring), n. A ring passed over the body of a hat while on the block so as to make its edge impinge upon the break of the band and form the brim at right angles to the crown. E. H. Knight. Bandit (ban'dit), n. pl. Bandits, Banditti (ban'dits, ban-dit'ti). [It. bandito, pp. of bandire, to proclaim, to banish or proscribe by proclamation. See BAN.] An outlaw; also in a general sense a robber; a highwayman; a lawless or desperate fellow. 'Hungry banditti.' Sir W. Scott. Bandittot (ban-dit'to), a. [Sing, of banditti. See BANDIT.] Outlawed; lawless; desper ster. Bandle (ban'dl), n. [Ir. bannlamh, a cubit -bann, a measure, and lamh, the hand.] An Irish measure of 2 feet in length. Bandlet, Bandelet (band'let, band'e-let), n. [Fr. bandelette, dim. of bande.] 1. In arch. any little band or flat moulding, as that which crowns the Doric architrave.-2. A small band for encircling anything; as, an india-rubber bandlet. Band-master (band'mas-tér), n. The leader or director of a band of music. Bandog (ban'dog), n. [Band and dog, lit. bound-dog; D. band-hond, a chained dog.] A large, fierce kind of dog, in England generally a mastiff, usually kept chained. The keeper entered leading his bandog, a large bloodhound, tied in a leam or band, from which he Sir W. Scott. takes his name. Bandoleer (ban-dō-lēr′), n. [Sp. bandolera, Fr. bandoulière, a large shoulderhelt, from Sp. banda, a sash] A large leathern belt or baldrick, to which were attached a bag for balls and a number of pipes or cases of wood or metal covered with leather, each containing a charge of gunpowder, worn by ancient musketeers. The bandoleer was thrown over the left shoulder and hung under the right arm, the ball bag occupying the lowermost extremity, while the pipes were suspended on either side. The name is sometimes given to the small cases themselves, now superseded by cartridges. Written also Bandileer. Bandoleer. Bandoline (ban’dō-lēn), î. A mucilaginous perfumed substance, variously prepared from Iceland or Irish moss, strained quince seeds, and gum tragacanth, and used in the toilet to impart a glossy sleekness and a certain stiffness to the hair; a kind of stickpomatum. Bandoline (ban‘đô-lên), p.t. To render glossy by the use of bandoline. Bandoline (ban'dō-len), v.i. To apply bandoline to the hair. Dickens. Bandon (ban'don), n. [O. Fr. and Pr. bandon See ABANDON.] Disposal; jurisdiction; power. Bandore (ban'dōr), n. [Fr.; It. pandora, from L. pandura, and this from Gr. pan doura, a musical instrument of three strings, ascribed to Pan.] A musical stringed instrument like a lute. Pepys. Band-pulley (band'pul-i), n. A flat-faced wheel fixed on a shaft and driven by a band; a band-wheel. Bandrol (band'rōl), n. Same as Banderole. Bandsaw (band'sa), n. A saw consisting of a steel belt with a serrated edge revolving on wheels Bandsman (bandz'man), n. A musician who plays in a band. Bandstring (band'string), n. A string or tassel at one time worn as a pendant to a band or neckcloth. Jer. Taylor. Band-wheel (band'whel), n. Same as Bandpulley 213 Bandy (ban'di), n. [Fr. bande, bent, from bander, to bend, from G. band, a band.] 1. A club bent at the end for striking a ball at play.-2. A game played with such clubs. Called also Bandy-ball. Bandy (ban'di), v. t. pret. & pp. bandied; ppr. bandying. [See noun.] 1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in play. Tennis balls bandied and struck upon us... by rackets from without.' Cudworth.-2. To exchange contentiously; to give and receive reciprocally: generally intended to convey the idea that each party is trying to get the better of the other, either in politeness or in any other way; as, to bandy compliments. "To bandy hasty words.' Shak. Do you bandy looks with me, you rascal? Shak. 3. To agitate; to toss about, as from man to man. Let not known truth be bandied in disputation. Watts. Bandy (ban'di), v.i. To contend; to strive, whether in emulation or in enmity. 'One fit to bandy with thy lawless sons." Shak. Bandy (ban'di), a. [Fr. bandé, bent. See BANDY, a club.] 1. Bent, especially having a bend or crook outwards: said of a person's legs; as, his legs are quite bandy. Your bandy leg, or crooked nose.' Swift.. 2. Limp; without sufficient substance: said of bad cloth. Bandy (ban'di), n. [Tamil vandi.] A rude country vehicle much used in India. See. extract. The framework of bandies is made of light wood, but of wood as strong as possible. Above it is spread a semicircular awning of bamboos supporting mats of cloth or canvas. The bandy is a cross-country vehicle, and as a rule possesses no springs of any kind. The conveyance is dragged by oxen. Caldwell. Bandy-ball (ban'di-bal), n. See BANDY, n. 2. Bandy-jig (ban'di-jig), n. A burlesque dance practised by the lower classes, and performed with the toes and knees turned in. Mayhew. Bandy-legged (ban'di-legd), a. Having bandy or crooked legs. Bandyman (ban'di-man), n. A man engaged in driving a bandy. When also, as all over India, our white kinsmen speak of bandymen and bandies, the word thus anglicized is simply the old Tamilian one. Caldwell. Bane (bān), n. [A. Sax. bana, destruction, death, bane; Icel. bani, bane, death; Dan. and Sw. bane, death; O.H.G. bana, destruction; Goth. banja, a blow; allied to Gr. phonos, murder, phenein, to slay.] 1. Ruin; destruction. The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their bane.' Milton.-2. Poison of a deadly quality; hence, any fatal cause of mischief, injury, or destruction; as, vice is the bane of society. My death and life, My bane and antidote are both before me. 3. A disease in sheep, more commonly called the Rot. SYN. Pest, ruin, destruction, injury. Banet (ban), v.t. To poison; to ruin; to destroy. For minors have not only baned families but ruined realms. Fuller. Bane (bān), n. Bone. [Scotch.] Bane-berry (ban'be-ri), n. The common name of plants of the genus Actaea, so called because of their nauseous poisonous berries. See ACTEA. man. Baneful (ban'ful), a. Destructive; pernicious; poisonous. Baneful wrath." ChapBaneful hemlock.' Garth. Banefully (ban'ful-li), adv. In a baneful manner; perniciously; destructively. Banefulness (ban'ful-nes), n. The quality of being baneful; destructiveness; poison ousness. Bane-wort (ban'wêrt), n. A name common to two plants: (a) Atropa Belladonna, called also Deadly Nightshade; (b) Ranunculus flammula, from its being supposed to be a bane to sleep. Bang (bang), v.t. [Probably from the sound. Comp. Icel. bang, a knocking; G. bängel, a club, the clapper of a bell; D. bangel, a bell.] 1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to thump; to cudgel. BANISH out and banged the door behind him. 'Twa unlucky redcoats. banged off a gun at him.' Sir W. Scott.-4. To surpass; to excel. [Colloquial or vulgar.] The practical denial of the common brotherhood of the same family bangs heathenism. Dr. J. Mill. Bang (bang), v. i. 1. To resound with clashing noises. The maid and page renewed their strife, 2. To produce a loud noise; to thump violently; as, he banged away at the piano.3. To spring; to bound; as, he banged up at once. [Scotch.] Bang (bang), n. 1. A loud, sudden, resonant sound. The steps of a fine-belozenged carriage were let down with a bang. Thackeray. 2. A blow as with a club; a heavy blow. I heard several bangs or buffets... given to the eagle. Swift. 3. A spring; a bound; as, he got up with a bang. [Scotch.] Bang, n. See BHANG. Banghy (bang'i), n. [Hind. name.] In the East Indies, a sort of bamboo pole, which is carried on a person's shoulder with a basket suspended at each end, containing, generally, the baggage of a palanquin traveller. Banghy-wallah (bang'i-wal-la), n. [Hind. banghy (which see), and wallah, man.] In India, a native porter who carries the baggage of dawk-travellers as they are being conveyed in palanquins. He generally carries two boxes swung on a pole across his shoulder. Banging (bang'ing), a. Huge; great; surpassing in size. [Vulgar.] Banglet (bang'gl), v.t. [Freq. from bang, to knock about.] To waste by little and little; to squander carelessly; to fritter. If we bangle away the legacy of peace left us by Christ, it is a sign of our want of regard for him. Dr. H. More. Bangle (bang'gl), n. 1. An ornamental ring Bangles, from East India Museum. worn upon the arms and ankles in India and Africa.-2. Naut. a hoop of a spar. Bangle-ear (bang'gl-er), n. A loose, hanging ear like that of a dog, regarded as an imperfection in a horse. Bangle-eared (bang'gl-erd), a. Flap-eared, like a spaniel: said of a horse. Bangorian (bang-go'ri-an), a. Relating to Bangor, a bishop's see in North Wales. Bangorian controversy, a controversy stirred up by a sermon preached before George I. on the 31st of March, 1717, by Dr. Hoadly, bishop of Bangor, from the text My kingdom is not of this world,' in which the bishop contended in the most pronounced manner for the spiritual nature of Christ's kingdom. A violent fellow Bangster (bang'stér), n. who carries everything before him. [Scotch.] Bangue (bang), n. See BHANG. Bang-up (bang up), a. First-rate; splendid; slap-up. [Slang.] Banian (ban'i-an), n. [Hind. baniya, Skr. banija, a merchant.] 1. An Indian trader or merchant; one engaged in commerce generally, but more particularly one of the great traders of Western India, as in the seaports of Bombay, Kurrachee, &c., who carry on a large trade by means of caravans with the interior of Asia, and with Africa by vessels. They form a class of the caste Vaisya, wear a peculiar dress, and are strict in the observance of fasts and in abstaining from the use of flesh. Hence-Banian days, formerly two days in the week, and latterly one, in which sailors in the navy had no flesh meat served out to them. Banian days are now abolished, but the term is still applied to days of poor fare.-2. A man's undress or morning gown, as worn by the Banians in the East Indies. Banian (ban'yan), n. Same as Banyan. Banie. See BAINIE. Banish (ban'ish), v. t. [Fr. bannir, ppr. bannissant, whence bannissement, banishment; L.L. bannire, to proclaim, denounce, from O.H.G. bannan, to proclaim. See BAN. ] Banish, like expel, exclude, debar, discharge, excuse, and other similar words, sometimes takes a double objective. I banish her my bed and company. Shak. -Banish, Exile, Expel are all used of forcible removal. Banish, lit. to put out of a community by a ban or civil interdict, is a sort of general term signifying to compel or cause to leave any place where one is in the habit of being, or any society one has been in the habit of frequenting; exile, to cause to leave one's native place or country; expel, lit. to drive out, involves the idea of force, and means to cast out forcibly or violently, and often with disgrace. Banisher (ban'ish-èr), n. One who banishes. To be full quit of those my banishers Stand I before thee here. Shak. Banishment (ban'ish-ment), n. 1. The act of banishing or compelling a citizen to leave his country by legal authority. He secured himself by the banishment of his enemies. Johnson. 2. The state of being banished; enforced absence; expulsion; exile: either in a legal or general sense; as, banishment from thy presence is worse than death. Six frozen winters spent, Return with welcome home from banishment. Shak. 3. The act of driving away or dispelling; as, the banishment of care from the mind. Banister (ban'is-tér), n. A corruption of Baluster. He struggled to ascend the pulpit stairs, holding hard on the banisters. Banjo (ban'jo), n. [Negro corruption of bandore (which see).] The favourite musical instrument of the negroes of the Southern States of America. It is six-stringed, has a body like a tambourine and a neck like a guitar, and is played by stopping the strings with the fingers of the left hand and twitching or striking them with the fingers of the right. The upper or octave string, however, is never stopped. On the Bank (bangk), n. [A. Sax. banc, a bench, a bank, a hillock, with similar form and meaning in the other Teutonic languages: Sw. and Dan. bank, bänk, Icel. bakki (for banki), D. and G. bank. The word passed from the German into the Romance tongues: Fr. banc, a bench, banque, a banking establishment; It. banco, a bench, counter, a bank. revival of commerce in the twelfth century the money dealers in the Italian cities, which then engrossed nearly all the trade of Europe, carried on their business in the public markets, conducting their dealings on benches, whence bank as applicable to an establishment for the custody and issue of money.] 1. A mound, pile, or ridge of earth raised above the surrounding plain. They cast up a bank against the city. 2 Sam. xx. 15. 2. Any steep acclivity, as one rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side of a ravine, or the steep side of a hillock on a plain. Tiber trembled underneath her banks. Shak 214 thrown open to the public. A national bank is one more or less closely connected with the government of a state, as the Bank of England (which is also a joint-stock bank). Joint-stock banks are composed of numerous partners, who, collectively, contribute a large capital, and whose entire private fortunes are liable for the debts of the bank, unless it is a bank of limited liability. Banks of issue are such as issue notes that form a paper currency. In London and for 65 miles round no bank having more than ten partners, save the Bank of England, can issue its own notes. Banks of deposit are those whose operations are limited to taking charge of the money of their customers and circulating that in loans, &c.-6. The office in which the transactions of a banking company are conducted.-7. The funds of a gaming establishment; a fund in certain games at cards; as, a rouge et noir or faro bank.-8. In law, (a) the bench or seat upon which the judges sat. (b) The regular term of a court of law or the full court sitting to hear arguments upon questions of law,as distinguished from a sitting at nisi prius, or a court held for jury trials.-9. A kind of table used by printers.-10. In carp. a long piece of timber, especially of fir-wood unslit, from 4 to 10 inches square.-11. A bench or row of keys in an organ or similar instrument.-12. The face of coal at which miners are working. Bank (bangk), v. t. 1. To raise a mound or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to embank; as, to bank a river. 2. To lie around or encircle, as a bank; to constitute a bank round. 'Burning sands that bank the shrubby vales.' Thomson.-3. To pass by the banks of. Have I not heard these islanders shout out 'Vive le roi' as I have banked their towns. Shak 4. To lay up or deposit in a bank; as, he banked £500.-To bank a fire, to cover up a fire with ashes, and use other means, as closing the dampers and ashpit-door, to make it burn low and at the same time to prevent its becoming extinguished. The ship was lying at anchor with fires banked. Macmillan's Mag. Bank (bangk), v. i. To have an account with a banker; to deposit money in a bank; to transact business with a bank or as a bank; to exercise the trade or profession of a banker. 1 bank with one of my son's fathers-in-law, and the Thackeray. other banks with me. Banka (bang'ka), n. A passage-boat without 3. A bench in a galley; hence, the number Bank-credit (bangk'kred-it), n. Meantime the king with gifts a vessel stores, 4. An elevation or rising ground in the sea, composed of sand or other soil, and either partly above water or covered everywhere with shoal water; a shoal; a shallow; as, the banks of Newfoundland; the Dogger bank in the German Ocean.-5. An establishment which trades in money; an establishment for the deposit, custody, and issue of money, as also for granting loans, discounting bills, and facilitating the transmission of remittances from one place to another; a company or association carrying on such business. Banks may be classed in various ways, as private, national, joint-stock, banks of issue, &c. Private banks are established by one or more men of large capital, whose integrity and fortune are securities for the sums intrusted to them. Their shares are not A credit with a bank, by which, on proper security given to the bank, a person receives liberty to draw to a certain extent agreed upon: in Scotland called also a Cash-account. Such credits were long a distinctive feature of Scotch banking. Banker (bangk'ér), n. 1. One who keeps a bank; one who traffics in money, receives and remits money, negotiates bills of exchange, &c. "The Lombard bankers.' Dryden. 2. A vessel employed in the cod-fishery on the banks of Newfoundland. J. Q. Adams. 3. The bench or table upon which bricklayers and stone-masons prepare and shape their material; a banket. -4. In the fine arts, a modeller's bench provided with a circular platform turning on wheels so that the figure can be revolved to expose any portion to the light. 5. A cushion or covering for a seat. Weale. [Rare.] Bankeress (bangk'ér-es). n. A female banker; a banker's wife. Thackeray. BANKSIA Bankerless (bangk'ér-les), a. Without bankers. Quart. Rev. Banket (bangk ́et), n. [Dim. of bank (which see). A piece of wood on which bricklayers cut their bricks to the size proper for the place into which they are about to lay them. Bank-fence (bangk’fens), n. A fence made of a bank of earth. Bank-hook (bangk'hök), n. A large variety of hook for catching cod, used on the banks of Newfoundland. Banking (bangk'ing), n. 1. The act of raising a mound or bank, or of inclosing with a bank. 2. The business or employment of a banker; the business carried on by a bank. 3. A general term applied to fishing on the great bank of Newfoundland. Banking (bangk'ing), a. Pertaining to or conducted by a bank; as, banking operations. Bank-note (bangk'not), n. A promissory note issued by a banking company, payable in gold or silver at the bank on demand. Bank-notes form a portion of the currency of various countries, and in England notes of the Bank of England are a legal tender. In England bank-notes under £5 are not used; but in Scotland and Ireland £1 notes are circulated. See BANK. Bank-post (bangk'pōst), n. A large kind of letter paper, ranging in weight from 54 lbs. to 10 lbs. a ream. Bankrout + (bangk'rout), n. a. and v. Same as Bankrupt. Bankrupt (bangk'rupt), n. [L. L. bancus, a bench (see BENCH), and ruptus, broken, whence also O.E. bankeroute, Fr. banqueroute, lit. one whose bench has been broken, from the fact that the bench or table which a merchant or banker formerly used in the exchange was broken on his bankruptcy.] 1. A person declared by legal authority unable to pay his debts, and brought under the operation of the bankruptcy laws, all his property being then taken and distributed among his debtors. See under BANKRUPTCY. 2. Popularly, one who has wholly or parti ally failed to pay his debts; one who has compounded with his creditors; one notoriously unable to pay his debts; an insolvent; hence, one who is unable to satisfy just claims of any kind made upon him. What a bankrupt I am made Of a full stock of blessings. Bankrupt (bangk'rupt), a. Having committed an act or acts of bankruptcy; unable to pay just debts; insolvent; unable to meet one's obligations. The king's grown bankrupt.' Shak. Ford. The beggared, the bankrupt society, not only proved able to meet all its obligations, but... grew richer and richer. Macaulay. Bankrupt (bangkʼrupt), v.t. To break one in trade; to make insolvent; to render unable to meet just claims. We cast off the care of all future thrift because we Hammond. are already bankrupted. Bankruptcy (bangk'rupt-si), n. The state of being a bankrupt or insolvent; inability to pay all debts; failure in trade.-Bankruptcy commissioner, a judicial officer appointed to investigate and adjudicate upon the affairs of bankrupts.-Act of bankruptcy, in law, an act, the commission of which by a debtor renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt. Acts of bankruptcy are such as the assignment of his property by a debtor to a trustee for the benefit of his creditors; the making of a fraudulent conveyance or transfer of his property; departing from the country or remaining out of it in order to defeat or delay creditors; the filing in court of a declaration of inability to pay debts; non-payment after being duly served with a debtor's summons to pay a sum due of not less than £50. Any one or more of these acts may lead to a debtor being declared a bankrupt on petition from a creditor to whom he is indebted not less than £50. Bankrupt-laws (bangk'rupt-laz), n. pl. A system of statutory regulations under which the property and effects of a person on his becoming insolvent are distributed among his creditors. The bankrupt-laws have the double object of enforcing a complete discovery and equitable distribution of the property and effects of an insolvent, and of conferring on the bankrupt the advantage of security of person, and a discharge from all future claims of his creditors. Banksia (bangk'si-a), n. [From Sir Joseph Banks, a distinguished naturalist, and companion of Captain Cook.] A genus of trees and shrubs, nat. order Proteaceae, natives BANK-STOCK of Australia and Tasmania. The foliage is extremely variable, and is rigid and coriaceous. Many of the species are cultivated in the conservatories of Europe, where they are much esteemed for their handsome foliage and singular heads of flowers, a single head often containing 600 flowers. Bank-stock (bangk'stok), n. A share or shares in the capital stock of a bank. Banlieue (ban'lu), n. [Fr. ban, jurisdiction, and lieue, L. L. leuca (of Celtic origin), a Gallic mile, a league, and, in the middle ages, a district of indeterminate extent. Comp. G. bann-meile, with same sense.] The territory without the walls, but within the legal limits of a town or city: erroneously spelled Banlieu, as if from Fr. lieu, a place. Banner (ban'nér), n. [Fr. bannière, Pr. and It bandiera, L.L. banderia, from bandum, banner, standard, probably from Goth.bandvo, bandva, a sign. The object of a standard is to serve as a mark or sign for the troops to rally round, and it was generally known by a name having this signification. Wedgwood. (See BAN.) Or from G. band, a band or strip of cloth, from binden, to bind.] 1. A piece of drapery usually bearing some warlike or heraldic device or national emblem, attached to the upper part of a pole or staff, and in some way indicative of dignity, rank, or command, carried on occasions with which ideas of dignity are connected, or as a mark for troops to rally round; an ensign; a standard; a flag.-2. In bot. the upper petal of a papilionaceous plant. Banneral, Bannerol (ban'nêr-al, ban'nérol), n. A little flag; a banderole. 'Beneath the shade of stately banneral.' Keats. Bannered (ban'nèrd), a. Furnished with, or bearing a banner; displaying banners. 'A bannered host, under spread ensigns marching.' Milton. Banneret (ban'nêr-et), n. [From banner.] 1. (a) A higher degree of knighthood conferred on the field for some heroic act. (b) The person upon whom the degree was conferred. Bannerets formerly constituted an order of knights or feudal lords, who led their vassals to battle under their own flags. After a victory the banneret elect, carrying his pennon in his hand, was conducted between two knights of note and presented to the king or general, who cut off the point or end of his pennon, making it square. He was then called a knight of the square flag. The bannerets were a middle order between barons and simple knights. Sir Richard Croftes, made banneret at Stoke, was a wise man. Camden. 2. The highest officer in some of the Swiss republics; banner-bearer. Melchior Sturm thal, Banneret of Berne. Sir W. Scott. 3. A little banner; a banneral. The scarfs and the bannerets about thee did manigreat a burden. festly dissuade me from believing thee a vessel of too Shak. Bannerless (ban'nér-les), a. Having no banner. J. H. Jesse. Bannerol. See BANNERAL. Bannet (ban'net), n. A bonnet. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Banning (ban'ing), n. The act of uttering a ban or curse; an execration or cursing of another. 'Especially when the names of the infernal fiends or unlucky soules are used in such bannings.' Holland. Bannition + (ban-i'shon), n. [L.L. bannitio. See BANISH.] The act of banishing, or state of being banished; expulsion; banishment. You will take order, when he comes out of the castle, to send him out of the university too by bannition. Abp. Land. Bannock (ban'nok), n. [Gael. bonnach, Ir. boinneag, bannock.] A cake made of oatmeal, barley-meal, or pease-meal baked on an iron plate or griddle over the fire. [Scotch.] Bannock-fluke (ban'nok-flük), n. [From its supposed resemblance in form to a bannock.] A turbot. [Scotch.] Banns (banz), n. pl. [See BAN. ] The proclamation in church necessary to constitute a regular marriage, made by calling the names of the parties intending matrimony, for the purpose of enabling any one who is cognizant of a valid objection to state it before it be too late. In the Church of England the proclamation is made by the clergyman, in the Church of Scotland generally by the session-clerk or precentor. The proclamation is no longer necessary in Scotland. Formerly spelled also Bans. 215 Banquet (bang'kwet), n. [Fr. banquet. It. banchetto, a little seat, a feast; dim. of banque, banco, a bench for sitting on, a seat, and hence a feast. See BANK, BENCH.] 1. A feast; a rich entertainment of meat and drink. 'A napkin of fine linen to be laid on the table at the coronation banquet.' Macaulay.-2. A light entertainment at the end of a feast; a dessert; a refection at which wine is drunk. We'll dine in the great room; but let the music And banquet be prepared here. Massinger. There were all the dainties, not only of the season, but of what art could add, venison, plain solid meat, fowl, baked and boiled meats, banquet in exceeding plenty, and exquisitely dressed. Evelyn. 3. Same as Banquette.-4. A small rod-shaped part of a horse's bridle under the eye.Feast, Banquet, Carousal. See under FEAST. Banquet (bang'kwet), v. t. To treat with a feast or rich entertainment. Just in time to banquet Banquet (bang'kwet), v.i. 1. To feast; to regale one's self with good eating and drinking; to fare daintily. The mind shall banquet though the body pine. Shak. Were it a feast for Juno when she banquets, I would not taste thy treasonous offer. Milton. 2. To take part in a light refection after a feast. See BANQUET, n. 2. Then was the banqueting-chamber in the tilt-yard at Greenwich furnished for the entertainment of these strangers, where they did both sup and banquet. G. Cavendish. Banquetantt (bang'kwet-ant), n. One who banquets; a banqueter. Are there not beside Banqueter (bang'kwet-ér), n. Chapman. 1. A feaster; Great banqueters do seldom great exploits. 2. One who provides feasts or rich entertainments. Banquet-hall (bang'kwet-hal), n. A hall in which banquets are held; a banquetinghall. The fair Peleian banquet-hall.' Tenny son. Banqueting (bang'kwet-ing), n. The act of feasting; luxurious living; rich entertainment; a feast. 'Excess of wine, revellings, banquetings.' 1 Pet iv. 3. Banqueting-hall (bang'kwet-ing-hal), n. Same as Banquet-hall. Banqueting-house, Banquet - house (bang'kwet-ing-hous, bang'kwet-hous), n. A house where entertainments are made. In a banqueting-house, among certain pleasant trees, the table was set. Sidney. A banquet-house salutes the southern sky. Dryden. Banqueting-room (bang'kwet-ing-röm), n. A saloon or spacious hall for public entertainments. Banquette (bah-ket), n. [Fr., from banc, a bench, a bank.] 1. In fort. a little raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy in the moat or covered way. 2. The footway of a bridge when raised above the carriage way. In both senses written also, but rarely, Banquet. Bans, n. pl. See BANNS. Banshee, Benshi (ban'she, ben'shi), n. [Gael. ban-sith, female fairy; Gael. and Ir. bean, ban, woman, and sith, fairy.] A kind of female fairy believed in Ireland and some parts of Scotland to attach itself to a particular house, and to appear before the death of one of the family. The banshee is a species of aristocratic fairy, who, in the shape of a little hideous old woman, has been known to appear, and heard to sing in a mournful supernatural voice under the windows of great houses, to warn the family that some of them were soon to die. In the last century every great family in Ireland had a banshee, who at tended regularly, but latterly their visits and songs have been discontinued. Miss Edgeworth. Banstickle (ban'stik-1), n. [A. Sax. bún, a bone, and sticel, a prickle.] A small acanthopterygious fish of the genus Gasterosteus (G. aculeatus). Called also Stickleback. See STICKLEBACK. Bantam (ban'tam), n. 1. A small but spirited breed of domestic fowl with feathered shanks first brought from the East Indies, and supposed to derive its name from Bantam in Java.-2. A kind of painted or carved work resembling that of Japan, only more gaudy. Bantam (ban'tam), a. Pertaining to, or re BANYAN sembling the bantam; of the breed of the bantam; hence, diminutive; puny. Bantam-work (ban'tam-wèrk), n. Same as Bantam, 2. Banteng (ban'teng), n. A species of ox, Bos Banteng or B. Sondaicus, a local race in the Malayan Archipelago, as the gaur ox is in Central India and the gayal in the southeast of Bengal. Banter (ban'tér), v. t. [Perhaps from Fr. badiner, to joke. (See BADINAGE.) Skeat thinks it more probably a corruption of Fr. bander, E. bandy (which see).] To address humorous raillery to; to attack with jokes or jests; to make fun of; to rally. The magistrate took it that he bantered him, and bade an officer take him into custody. Sir R. L'Estrange. So home we went, and all the livelong way With solemn jibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson. -Banter, Rally. We banter another in good humour for something he or she has done or neglected to do, whether the act or omission be faulty or ridiculous or not, if it only affords a subject for a laugh or smile at his or her expense, or causes a blush not altogether painful. Rally, lit. to rail, generally implies some degree of sarcasm or pungency, and is aimed at some specific fault, offence, or weakness. Banter (ban'tér), n. [See the verb.] A joking or jesting; humorous raillery; wit or humour; pleasantry. Thus he spoke, part banter, part affection.' Tennyson. When wit has any mixture of raillery, it is but calling it banter and the work is done. Swift. [Banter hardly amounts to ridicule, much less to derision. It consists in being pleasant and witty with the actions of another, and raising a humorous laugh at his expense, and is often attended with some degree of sarcasm.] A Banterer (ban'tér-ér), n. One who banters or assails with good-humoured jests or pleasantry. An excellent subject for the operations of swindlers and banterers.' Macaulay. Banting System (bant'ing sis'tem). course of diet for reducing superfluous fat, adopted and recommended in 1863 by W. Banting of London. The dietary recommended was the use of butcher-meat principally, and abstinence from beer, farinaceous food, and vegetables. Bantling (bant'ling),n. [Probably from band, a wrapping, and the dim. suffix ling, meaning properly a child in swaddling clothes.] A young child; an infant: a term carrying with it a shade of contempt. It's a ricketty sort of bantling, I'm told, That'll die of old age when it's seven years old. James Smith. Bantu (ban'tu), a. [Native name, meaning lit. people.] A name sometimes applied to the South African family of tongues: called also Chuana and Zingian. One peculiarity of this family, especially of the Kaffir branch, is the use of clucks or clicks in speaking. Banxring (bangks'ring), n. [Native name.] The popular name of certain squirrel-like insectivorous mammals of the East, constituting the genus Tupaia and family Tupaiadæ. See TUPAIA. Banyan, Banyan-tree (ban'yan, ban'yantre), n. [From Skr. punyam, holy, the ban Banyan-tree (Ficus indica), from a photograph. yan-tree being considered as sacred.] An Indian tree of the fig genus, the Ficus indica, nat. order Moracea, remarkable for its vast rooting branches. It has ovate leaves, |