BAY-YARN Bay-yarn (ba'yärn), n. Bazaar in Cairo. European cities bearing the name of bazaars; and the term has been extended to structures arranged as market-places for specific articles; as, a horse-bazaar.-2. A sale of miscellaneous articles in furtherance of some charitable or other purpose; a fancy fair. The articles there sold are mostly of fancy work, and contributed gratuitously. Bazaar-maund (ba-zar'mand), n. Indian weight equal to 72 lbs. avoirdupois: An old so called in contradistinction to factorymaund. See MAUND. Bazaras (ba-zar'as), n. A large flat-bottomed pleasure-boat used on the Ganges, navigated with sails and oars. A long, fine Bazat, Baza (baz'at, baz'a), n. spun cotton from Jerusalem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton. Bdellium (del'li-um), n. [L. bdellium, Gr. bdellion, a plant, a fragrant gum which exudes from it, from Heb. bedolach, a precious article of merchandise mentioned along with gold and precious stones (Gen. ii. 12). The opinion of the Rabbins, which Bockhart supports, is that bedolach signifies originally a pearl, and as a collective noun pearls, which may be compared to grains of manna -hence its secondary sense of a gum.] An aromatic gum resin brought chiefly from Africa and India, in pieces of different sizes and figures, externally of a dark reddish brown, internally clear, and not unlike glue. To the taste it is slightly bitterish and pungent; its odour is agreeable. In the mouth it becomes soft and sticks to the teeth; on a red-hot iron it readily catches flame, and burns with a crackling noise. It is used as a perfume and a medicine, being a weak deobstruent. Indian bdellium is the produce of Balsamodendron Roxburghii; African, of B. africanum; Egyptian bdellium is obtained from the doum palm (Hyphone thebaica); and Sicilian is produced by Daucus gummifer, a species of the genus to which the carrot belongs. Bdellometer (del-lom'et-ér), n. [Gr. bdello, I suck, and metron, a measure.] An instrument proposed as a substitute for the leech, consisting of a cupping-glass, to which a scarificator and exhausting syringe are attached. Bdellostoma (del-los'to-ma), n. [Gr. bdella, a leech, and stoma, mouth.] A genus of cyclostomous fishes nearly allied to the glutinous hag (Myxine glutinosa). They are found in the Southern Ocean. Be (be), v.i. substantive verb, pres. am, art (sometimes beest), is, are (sometimes be); pret. was, were; subj. be; imper. be; pp. 236 been; ppr. being. [This is one of the three Time was, Time is, and Time shall be no more. To be, or not to be, that is the question. Shak. And yet it is not that I bear thee love; (3) Connection of place-relation; as, John is Half all Cominius' honours are to Marcius. Shak. The heathen are perished out of his land (that is, Sometimes even the perfect and pluperfect The invalid... moaned out a feeble complaint BEACON Sir Pitt has been and proposed for to marry Miss Sharp. Thackeray. -Let be, to omit or leave untouched; to let alone. Dryden. Let be, said he, my prey. [It has been thought better to exhibit the uses of the verb in its various forms (am, are, is, was, were, &c.) here rather than in fragmentary details at each individual form.] Be- (be), a prefix common to the Teutonic languages, the same word as by. It has various uses. (a) It changes substantives and adjectives into verbs; as, befriend, benight, becalm, belittle. (b) It changes intransitive verbs into transitive, sometimes modifying the root-meaning of the simple verb; as, bespeak, bethink, beseem, bequeath. (c) It modifies also the root-meaning of certain transitive verbs; as, behold, beseech, befit. (d) It adds an intensive force to certain transitive verbs, without modifying their root-meaning; as, bedaub, bepraise, besmear. (e) It changes the indirect object of the simple verb into the direct, and vice versa; thus, I strew the roses on the ground, but I bestrew the ground with roses; I sprinkle water on a dress, but I besprinkle a dress with water. (f) It is the prefix of certain participles or participial adjectives, which have no finite tenses, or whose finite tenses are very rarely used; as, beloved, betroubled, bemused. (g) It enters into the composition of certain nouns substantive; as, behest, behalf, behoof. (h) It changes certain nouns into adverbs and prepositions; as, because, before, below, beside, besides. (1) It represents other Anglo-Saxon prefixes; as, believe A. Sax. gelyfan, G. glauben. [Though a pure Anglo-Saxon prefix, it is frequently conjoined with Romance stems: comp. in addition to several of the above, the verbs becharm, besiege, betray.] Beach (bech), n. [Origin very doubtful. Beach (bech), v.t. To run on a beach; as, a fellow who prowls about the sea-shore to Beach-master (bech'mas-tér), n. Naut. a Modest doubt is call'd Shak. No flaming beacons cast their blaze afar. Gay. [Various hills in England get the name of Beacon from the fact of signal-fires having Beacon (be'kn), v. t. been formerly lighted on them.] To afford light or aid, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine; , pound; ü, Sc. abune; y, Sc. fey BEACON signal. That beacons the darkness of heaven.' Campbell. Beacon (be'kn), v.i. To serve as a beacon. Not in vain the distance beacons. Beaconage (bē’kn-āj), n. Tennyson. Money paid for A signal the maintenance of beacons. Beacon-blaze (bē'kn-bláz), n. light or fire. Tennyson. Beaconed (be'knd), a. Having a beacon. The foss that skirts the beaconed hill.' T. Warton. Beacon-fire (bē’kn-fir), n. A fire lighted up as a beacon or signal; a signal fire. Beacon-tower (bé'kn-tou-ér), n. A tower on which a beacon is raised. 'A beacontower above the waves.' Tennyson. Bead (bed), n. [A. Sax. bed,bead, a prayer, from biddan, to pray. Beads are used by Roman Catholics to keep them right as to the number of their prayers, one bead of their rosary being dropped every time a prayer is said; hence the transference of the name from that which is counted (the prayers) to that which is used to count them. So in Sp. and Pg. cuenta, conta, a bead, is from contar, to count. The old phrase to bid one's beads means to say one's prayers. See BID.] 1. A prayer. Saying over a number of beads, not understanded or minded on.' Injunctions to the Clergy, 1541.-2. A little perforated ball of gold, pearl, amber, glass, or the like, to be strung on a thread, the string thus formed being either worn round the neck as an ornament, and called a necklace, or used, under the name of a rosary, by Roman Catholics in numbering their prayers, one bead being passed at the end of each ejaculation or short prayer; hence the phrase to tell one's beads, literally to numher one's prayers, but used simply in the sense of to say one's prayers. Ere yet, in scorn of Peter's-pence, Tennyson. 3 Any small globular body, as a small piece of metal on a gun-barrel to take aim by, a drop of liquid, and the like. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak. 4. In chem. a glass globule for trying the strength of spirits. Beads are numbered according to their specific gravities, and the strength of the spirit is denominated by the number of that one which remains suspended in it, and neither sinks to the bottom nor floats on the surface. Beads, in determining the strength of spirits, are now for the most part superseded bythe hydrometer. 5. In arch. and joinery, a small round moulding sometimes cut into short embossments, like pearls in a necklace; an astragal. The bead is of frequent occurrence in architecture, particularly in the classical styles, and is used in picture-frames and other objects carved in wood. Among joiners beads are variously modifled, as (a) Bead and butt, framed work, where the panel is flush with the framing, and has a bead run ou two edges in the direction of the grain only, while the ends are left plain (fig. 1). (b) Bead and flush, framed work in which a bead is run on the edge of the framing (fig. 2). (c) Bead and quirk, a bead formed or stuck, as it is called, on the edge of a piece of stuff flush with its surface (fig. 3), (d) Bead and double quirk, or return bead, a bead 237 "Tis with beads; to raise beads upon. beaded with bubbles.' H. Smith. Beaded (bed'ed), a. Like a bead. 'With woolly breasts and beaded eyes.' Tennyson. Bead-house (bed'hous), n. Same as Bedehouse. Beading (bêd'ing), n. In arch. a moulding in imitation of a bead. Beadle (be'dl), n. [A. Sax. býdel or badel, from the A. Sax. beôdan, to bid, order, or command. See BID.] 1. A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one who cites persons to appear and answer. Called also an Apparitor or Summoner.-2. An officer in a university whose chief business is to walk with a mace in public processions; a bedell. 3. A parish officer whose business is to punish petty offenders; a church officer with various subordinate duties, as waiting on the clergyman, keeping order in church, attending meetings of vestry or session, &c. And I, forsooth in love! I, that have been love's whip; A very beadle to a humorous sigh, Shak. A critic, nay, a night-watch constable. Beadleism (be'dl-ism), n. The acts, habits, Beadlery (be'dl-ri), n. language, &c., of beadles. Dickens. The office or jurisdiction of a beadle. Beadleship (be'dl-ship), n. beadle. The office of a Bead-mould (bēd'mold), n. A species of fungus which attacks fruit-preserves. Its stems consist of single cells, loosely jointed together, so as to present the appearance of Bead-moulding (bed'mold-ing), n. In arch. strings of beads. same as Bead, 5. Bead-plane (bēd ́plān), n. In carp. a plane for forming a bead. Bead-proof (bed'pröf), a. 1. A term applied to spirituous liquors on whose surface, after being shaken, a crown of bubbles will stand for some time.-2. A term applied to spirit which comes up to a certain standard of strength, as ascertained by beads. See Bead-roll (bed'rol), n. BEAD, 4. In the R. Cath. Ch. a list or catalogue of persons for the repose of whose souls a certain number of prayers is to be said or counted off on the beads of a chaplet rosary; a roll of prayers or hymns; hence, any list or catalogue.The bead-roll of her vicious tricks.' Prior. Dan Chaucer, well of English undefiled On Fame's eternal bead-roll worthy to be filed. Beads-man (bēdz'man), n. Spenser. 1. A man employed in praying, generally in praying for another. In this sense the word was used in former times at the conclusion of petitions or letters to great men as we now use 'servant' or 'humble servant.' Whereby ye shall bind me to be your poor beadsman for ever unto almighty God. Fuller. 2. One who resides in a bede-house, or is supported from its funds.-3. A privileged beggar. [Scotch.] In this last use spelled more frequently Bedesman (which see). Bead-snake (bed'snak), n. The popular name of the Elaps fulvius, a beautiful snake of North America, inhabiting cultivated grounds, especially plantations of the sweetpotato, and burrowing in the ground. It is finely marked with yellow, carmine, and black. Though it possesses poison-fangs it never seems to use them. Beads-woman (bēdz'wu-man), n. 1. A praying woman: sometimes used as equivalent to humble servant. (See BEADSMAN.) 'Honour done to your poor beads-woman." B. Jonson.-2. A woman who resides in an alms-house. Bead-tool (bed'töl), n. A turning tool which has its cutting face ground to a concave curve, so that it may produce a convex moulding when applied to the work. Bead-tree (bed'tré), n. The Melia Azedarach, nat. order Meliaceae. Its nuts are used for beads in necklaces by Roman Catholics, especially in Spain and Portugal; hence the name. See MELIA. Beady (běd'i), a. Bead-like. Miss Crawley could not look without seeing Mr. Bute's beady eyes eagerly fixed on her. Thackeray. Beagle (bě'gl), n. [Origin unknown. By some conjectured to be of Celtic origin; Ir. and Gael. beag, little.] 1. A small hound, formerly kept to hunt hares, now almost superseded by the harrier, which sometimes is called by its name. The beagle is smaller than the harrier, compactly built, smoothhaired, and with pendulous ears. The smallest of them are little larger than the lapdog. BEAM To plains with well-bred beagles we repair, And trace the mazes of the circling hare. Горе. 2. A local name for several species of the smaller sharks. 3. A catch-poll; a bumbailiff. [Scotch.] There beagies flew To haud the souter lads in order. F. Mayne. Beak (běk), n. [O.E. beek, bek, bec, &c., from Fr. bec, It. becco, L. beccus, a beak, from the Celtic- Armor. bek, beg, Ir. and Gael. bec, a beak. Formerly bec in French was applied to several weapons of the pike or halberd kind, hence possibly meaning 3.1 1. In zool. (a) the bill or neb of a bird. (b) The prolongation of the mouth or mandibles of some fishes, reptiles, and insects, in form analogous to the beak of a bird. (c) The upper or projecting part of the shell near the hinge of a bivalve, as in the clam. (d) The narrow prolongation of a univalve shell beyond the aperture in the axial line, containing what is usually called the canal.-2. Anything ending in a point like a beak; as, (a) naut. a pointed piece of wood fortified with brass, fastened to the prow of ancient galleys, and intended to pierce the vessels of an enemy; a similar, but infinitely more powerful appendage of iron or steel affixed immediately under the water-line to the prow of modern ramships. (See RAM.) Also, that part of a ship before the forecastle which is fastened to the stem and supported by the main knee. (b) The horn of an anvil. (e) In farriery. a little shoe at the toe about an inch long, turned up and fastened in upon the fore part of the hoof. (d) In arch. a little fillet left on the edge of a larmier, which forms a channel behind for preventing the water from running down the lower bed of the cornice. (e) In bot. a process, terminating the fruit of certain plants, as of saxifrages and geraniums.-3. A magistrate; a judge; a policeman. [Slang.] Beak (bek), v.t. Among cock-fighters, to take hold with the beak. Beaked (bekt), a. Having a beak or something resembling a beak; beak-shaped; as, (a) ending in a point, like a beak. 'Each beaked promontory.' Milton. (b) Having a long beak-like mouth, as some insects. (c) In bot. terminated by a process in the shape of a bird's beak; rostrate. Beaker (bek'er), n. [Sc. bicker, Icel. bikarr, Dan. bæger, D. beker, G. becher, a beaker, a drinking vessel, from L. L. bicarium, a cup, from Gr. bikos, a wine-jar.] A large drinking cup or glass. O for a beaker full of the warm south, Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene! Keats Beakiron (bēk'i-érn), n. 1. A bickern; an anvil with a long beak or horn adapted to reach the interior surfaces of sheet-metal ware, used in various forms by blacksmiths, Beal (bel), n. [See BOIL, n.] A small inflamcoppersmiths, and workers in sheet-metal. matory tumour; a pustule. Beal (bel), v.i. To gather matter; to swell and come to a head, as a pimple; to fester; to suppurate. [Old English and Scotch.] Beal, Biel (bel), n. [Gael.] A mouth; an opening, as between hills; a narrow pass. [Scotch.] Angus M'Aulay mumbled over a number of hard Gaelic names descriptive of the different passes, precipices, corries, and beals, through which he said the road lay to Inverary. Be-all (be'al), n. Sir W. Scott. Shak All that is to be. That but this blow Might be the be-all and end-all here. Beam (bēm), n. [A. Sax beam, a beam, a post, a tree, a ray of light; D. boom, G. baum, Goth. bagms, a tree. The secondary sense of ray is evidently from the resemblance of sunbeams to straight shafts; comp. L. radius, a ray, a spoke of a wheel, a rod, and G. strahl, an arrow, a spoke, a ray or beam] 1. A long straight and strong piece of wood, iron, or steel, especially when holding an important place in some structure, and serving for support or consolidation; a long piece fixed or movable in a machine or tool: often equivalent to girder. It is used in a number of more or less specific senses; as, (a) any large piece of timber long in proportion to its thickness, prepared for use. (b) One of the principal horizontal timbers in a building, especially one connecting two opposite rafters; a timber serving to strengthen any piece of wooden framework. (c) The part of a balance from the ends of which the scales are suspended. 'The doubtful beam long nods from side to side.' Pope. To kick the beam, to rise as () The pole of a carriage which runs between the horses. (e) A cylindrical piece of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled as it is woven. The staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam. 1 Sam. xxii. 7. (f) The straight part or shank of an anchor. (g) One of the strong transverse pieces of timber stretching across a ship from one side to the other to support the decks and retain the sides at their proper distance. From the beams extending quite across the vessel where it is broadest, the term is often used to express the width of a ship; thus, a wide vessel is said to have more beam than a narrow one. -On the beam, on a line with the beams, or at right angles with the keel. Abaft the beam, before the beam, are similar phrases. On the weather beam, on the weather side of the ship.-On the beam ends, a phrase indicating the position of a ship which inclines so much to one side that her beams approach a vertical position; hence, fig. to be on one's beam ends, to be thrown or lying on the ground; to be in bad circumstance; to be at one's last shift. (h) The main piece of a plough, in which the ploughtails are fixed, and by which it is drawn. (i) The oscillating lever of a steam-engine turning upon a centre, and forming the medium of communication between the pistonrod and the crank-shaft. Called also Working or Walking Beam-Beam centre, the fulcrum or pin on which the working-beam vibrates. Called also Beam Gudgeon.-2. The main stem of a deer's horns bearing the snags or antlers. One of the snags themselves is sometimes called the beam antler. 3. A ray of light, or more strictly a collection of parallel rays of light emitted from the sun or other luminous body. The middle ray is the axis. Yon silver beams, Sleep they less sweetly on the cottage thatch Than on the dome of kings? Shelley. Hence-4. Fig. a ray or emanation of splendour. 'Beams of majesty.' Tillotson. Beam (bēm), v. t. 1. To shoot forth or emit, as beams or rays. South. God beams this light into men's understandings. 2. In weaving, to put on the beam, as a chain or web. Beam (bēm), v.i. To emit rays of light or beams; to give out radiance; to shine. A mighty light flew beaming every way. Chapman. More bounteous aspects on me beam, Me mightier transports move and fill. Tennyson. Beam-bird (bēm′bėrd), n. 1. A name sometimes given to the spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola) because it often builds its nest on the projecting end of a beam or rafter in a building.-2. A provincial name for the pettychaps or garden warbler (Sylvia hortensis). Beam-compass (bēm'kum-pas), n. An instrument consisting of a wooden or brass! Beam-compass. beam, having sliding sockets that carry steel or pencil points: used for describing large circles. Beamed (bemd), a. Having beams or horns; having all its antlers put forth, as the head of a stag. 'There were many great beamed deer in it.' J. F. Campbell. Beam-engine (bēm'en-jin), n. A steamengine in which the motion of the piston is transmitted to the crank by means of an overhead-beam and connecting-rod, as distinct from a direct-action engine and a sidelever engine, in which the motion is communicated by two side-levers or beams, below the level of the piston cross-head. Beamer (bem'ér), n. In weaving, a person whose business it is to put webs on the beam. Beam-feather (bèm'feTH-ér), n. One of the long feathers in a bird's, particularly a hawk's, wing. 238 Beam-filling (bēm 'fil-ing), n. 1. In arch. the filling in of masonry or brickwork between beams or joists, its height being equal to the depth of the timbers filled in.— 2. Naut. that portion of the cargo which is stowed betwixt the beams. Beamful (bēm'ful), a. Emitting beams; beaming; bright. Beamful lamps.' Dray- | ton. Beaming-machine (bēm'ing-ma-shen), n. A machine by which chains or webs are put on the beam. It is a kind of roller-mill. Beamless (bēm'les), a. Emitting no rays of light; rayless. The beamless eye no more with ardour bright.' Thomson. Beamlet (bēmlet), n. [Dim. of beam.] A little beam, as of light. Beam-tree (bēm'trē), n. Pyrus Aria, also called white-beam. Its wood is hard, compact, and tough, and is used for axle-trees, naves of wheels, and cogs of machinery. Beamy (bem'i), a. 1. Emitting rays of light; radiant; shining. Beamy gold.' Tickell. 'Read 2. Fig. radiant; joyous; gladsome. my pardon in one beamy smile.' J. Baillie. 3. Resembling a beam in size and weight; His . . . beamy spear.' Dryden. 4. Having horns or antlers. 'Beamy stags.' Dryden. massy. Bean (ben), n. [A. Sax. bean, Icel. baun, Sw. böna, Dan. bönne, D. boon, G. bohne.] A name given to several kinds of leguminous seeds and the plants producing them. They belong to several genera, particularly to Faba, garden and field bean; Phaseolus, French or kidney-bean; and Dolichos, tropical bean. The common bean (F. vulgaris) is cultivated both in fields and gardens as food for man and beast. There are many varieties, as the mazagan, the Windsor, the long-pod, &c., in gardens, and the horse or tick bean in fields. The seed of the Windsor is fully an inch in diameter; the horse-bean is much less, often not much more than half an inch in length and threeeighths of an inch in diameter. Beans are very nutritious, containing 36 per cent. of starch and 23 per cent. of nitrogenous matter called legumin, analogous to the caseine in cheese. The bean is an annual, from 2 to 4 feet high. The flowers are fragrant. For kidney-bean or French-bean, scarletrunner bean, tropical bean, see these entries and PHASEOLUS, DOLICHOS. Bean ore, brown iron ore occurring in ellipsoidal concretions. Ure. Bean (ben), a. Same as Bein. Bean-caper (bēn'kā-pèr), n. Zygophyllum Fabago, a small tree growing in warm climates. The flower-buds are used as capers. Bean-cod (ben’kod), n. 1. A bean-pod.-2. A small fishing vessel or pilot boat used in the rivers of Portugal. It is sharp forward, having its stem bent above into a great curve and plated with iron. Bean-feast (ben'fest), n. A feast given by an employer to those whom he employs. Brewer. Bean-fly (ben'flī), n. A beautiful fly of a pale purple colour found on bean flowers, produced from a maggot called mida. Bean-goose (bén'gos), n. A species of wildgoose, the Anser segetum, a migratory bird, which arrives in England in autumn and retires to the north in the end of April. It is so named from the likeness of the upper nail of the bill to a horse-bean. Bean-king (bēn'king), n. The person who presided as king over the twelfth-night festivities: so called because the honour fell to him who, when the twelfth-night cake was distributed, got the bean buried in it. Bean-mill (bēn'mil), n. A mill for splitting beans for cattle-feeding. Bean-sheller (ben'shel-ér), n. A machine for removing the hulls from beans. Bean-shot (ben'shot), n. Copper grains formed by pouring melted metal through a perforated ladle into warm water. If cold water is used flakes are formed, called feather-shot Bean-stalk (bēn'stak), n. The stem of a bean, or the whole plant; as, Jack and the bean-stalk. Bean-trefoil (bën'trē-foil), n. A small leguminous tree, the Anagyris fœtida, having trifoliate leaves, and bearing a pod curving inward at the extremity. Bear (bar), v.t. pret. bore (formerly and still in the archaic style bare); pp. born, borne; ppr. bearing. [A. Sax. beran, pret. bær, pp. boren, found in similar forms throughout BEAR the Teutonic languages; O. Sax. beran, Goth bairan, Icel. bera, Sw. bæra, Dan. bære, to bear, to carry, to bring forth; D. baren, G. gebären, to bring forth. In the allied families of languages it is represented by L. ferre, Gr. pherein, Skr. bhri, to bear, to support. From this stem come birth, burden, bairn, barrow. ] 1. To support; to hold up; to sustain; as, a pillar or girder bears the superincumbent weight.-2. To suffer; to endure; to undergo; as, to bear punishment, blame, &c. 3. To endure the effects of; to be answerable for; hence, to give satisfaction for. Is. liii. 11. He shall bear their iniquities. 4. To support or sustain without sinking, yielding, shrinking, or suffering injury. A wounded spirit who can bear?' Prov. xviii. 14.-5. To admit or be capable of, that is, to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change. In all criminal cases the most favourable interpretation should be put on words that they can possibly bear. Swift. 6. To suffer without resentment or interference to prevent; to endure patiently. It was not an enemy that reproached me; then I could have borne it. Ps. lv. 12. 7. To sustain, as expense; to supply the means of paying. Somewhat that will bear your charges.' Dryden. - 8. To support and remove from place to place; to carry; to convey. They bear him upon the shoulders.' Is. xlvi. 7. And down a rocky pathway from the place 9. To wear; to carry as a mark of authority or distinction; as, to bear a badge, a name; to bear arms in a coat. Hence-10. To carry, as in show; to exhibit; to show. 'Bear welcome in your eye.' Shak.-11. To render; to bring forward; to give; to afford; as, to bear testimony; to bear a person company. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.' Ex. xx. 16.-12. To entertain; to have in the mind: to cherish, as love, hatred, envy, respect, and the like. The ancient grudge I bear him.' Shak. 'The reverent care I bear unto my lord. Shak. "The great and guilty love he bare the queen.' Tennyson.-13. To possess, as a property, attribute, or characteristic; to have in or on; to contain; as, to bear signs or traces; to bear an inscription; the contents which the letter bears. The wounds his body bears.' Shak. 'And bear the name and port of gentlemen?' Shak.-14. To possess and use, as power; to exercise; to be charged with; to administer; as, to bear sway. 'She bears the purse." Shak Of entrance to a quarrel, but being in, Bear't that the opposed may beware of thee. Shak. 16. To manage; to direct; to use (what is under the immediate control of one's will). 'Bear your body more seeming.' Shak Hence, with the reflexive pronoun, to behave; to act in any character; as, he bore himself nobly.-17. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants or the young of animals; as, to bear apples; to bear children. 'Life that bears immortal fruit.' Tennyson. And she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the Lord. Gen. iv. i. 18. Fig. to be the native place of. Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore. Dryden. 19. To conduct; to guide; to take. 'Bear me unto his creditor.' Shak.-20. To drive; to urge: with some word to denote the direction in which the object is driven; as, to bear down; to bear back. The residue were so disordered as they could not conveniently fight or fly, and not only justled and bore down one another, but, in their confused tumbling back, brake a part of the avant-guard. Sir J. Hayward. Confidence hath borne thee on." Milton. 21. To gain or win: now commonly with away or off: sometimes, formerly, with an indefinite it for the object. Some think to bear it by speaking a great word. Bacon. [Bear, signifying to bring forth, has the past participle when used passively spelled born, but when used after the verb to have, borne. Thus, a child was born; but, she has borne a child. In all the other senses both participles are spelled borne; as, I have borne (b) Naut. to remove to a distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to bear of a boat. (c) To gain and carry off; as, he bore off the prize. -To bear out, (a) to give support or countenance to. Company only can bear a man out in an ill thing. South. (b) To procure countenance for. If I cannot once or twice in a quarter bear out a knave against an honest man, I have but a very little credit with your worship. Shak. (c) To defend; to support; to uphold; to second: with a personal object; as, to bear a person out in his statement. (d) To confirm; to corroborate; to establish; to justify: with a thing for the object. A simile that bore out Meg's eulogium on his style of conversation.' Dickens. (e)t With a more or less indefinite it for the object (1) to last through; to endure. Love alters not with his (Time's) brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. Shak. If that the Turkish fleet Be not enshelter'd and embay'd, they are drowned; It is impossible they bear it out. Shak. (2) To enable to endure; to render supportable. 'For turning away, let summer bear it out.' Shak.-To bear through,† to conduct or manage. To bear through consulship. B. Jonson.-To bear up, (a) to support; to keep from sinking. the Religious hope bears up the mind under sufferings. Addison. (b) To arrange, contrive, devise. I have made him know I have a servant comes with me along, Bear (bar), v. i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. Dryden. 6. To lean; to weigh; to rest burdensomely; as, the sides of two inclining objects bear upon or against one another. In the important matter of taxation, the point in which the pressure of every government bears the most constantly upon the whole people. Brougham.! 7. To tend; to be directed in a certain way. whether with or without violence; as, to bear away; to bear back; (Bearing back fron the blows of their sable antagonist. Sir W. Scott); to bear in; to bear out to sea; to bear upon; to bear down upon (the fleet bore down upon the enemy). Spinola, with his shot, did bear upon those within, who appeared upon the walls. Sir F. Hayward. Down upon him bare the bandit three. Tennyson. Hence-8. To relate; to refer: with upon; as, it is difficult to see how this objection bears upon the subject under consideration. 9. To be situated as to the point of the compass, with respect to something else; as, the land bore E. N.E. from the ship. 10. To purport; to imply; to import: to 239 state; as, the deed bore to be dated ten years ago. The letters bore that succour was at hand.' Sir W. Scott. To bear against. See above, 6.-To bear away (naut.), to change the course of a ship when close hauled or sailing with a side wind, and make her run before the wind.-To bear in with, to run or tend toward; as, a ship bears in with the land: opposed to bear off or keeping at a greater distance. - To bear on or upon. See above, 6, 7, and 8.-To bear up, (a) (naut.) to change the course of a ship when close hauled or sailing with a side wind, and make her run before the wind. (b) To be supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; as, to bear up under afflictions. 'So long as nature will bear up with this exercise.' Shak.-To bear with, to endure what is unpleasing; to be indulgent; to forbear to resent, oppose, or punish. Reason would that I should bear with you. Acts xviii. 14. Bear (bar), n. [A. Sax. bera, a bear; D. beer, G. bär, Icel. bera, a she-bear, the common word in Icel. Sw. and Dan. being the lengthened form björn.] 1. A plantigrade carnivorous mammal of the genus Ursus, family Ursidae. The teeth are forty-two in number, as in the dog, but there is no carnassial or sectorial tooth, and the molars have a more tubercular character than in other carnivores. The eyes have a nictitating membrane, the nose is prominent and mobile, and the tail very short. The brown or black bear of Europe is the Ursus arctos. It is a native of almost all the northern parts of Europe and Brown Bear (Ursus arctos). Asia, and was at one time common in the British islands. It feeds on fruits, roots, honey, ants, and, in case of need, on mammals. It is 4 feet long and 24 high, and lives solitarily. The fat is in great request, under the name of bear's grease, as an unguent for the hair. The American black bear is the Ursus americanus, with black shining hair, and rarely above 5 feet in length. The grisly bear (Ursus ferox or horribilis) is an inhabitant of the Rocky Mountains; it is a ferocious animal, and has a bulky and unwieldy form, sometimes exceeding 9 feet in length, but is nevertheless capable of great rapidity of motion. The Siberian bear (Ursus collaris) is perhaps a variety of the brown bear. The polar or white bear (Ursus maritimus) is an animal possessed of great strength and fierceness. Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus). It lives in the polar regions, chiefly on the ice, and feeds on fish, seals, &c., and usually is 7 to 8 feet in length. It is said to be seen frequently in Greenland in great droves, and will sometimes surround the habitations of the natives and attempt to break in. The native bear of New South Wales is the koala, of the marsupial genus Phascolarctos. -2. The name of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called the Greater and Lesser Bear. In the tail of the Lesser Bear is the pole-star.3. Naut. a square piece of wood on which are fastened some pigs of iron ballast, used to clean a ship's deck when a holystone cannot be had. -4. In metal-working, a portable punching-machine for iron plates. BEARD-CASE E. H. Knight.-5. A term sometimes applied to a rude, unpolished, or uncouth man.6. In stock-exchange slang, a person who does all he can to bring down the price of stock (as a bear pulls down with its paws), in order that he may buy cheap: opposed to a bull, who tries to raise the price (as a bull tosses with his horns) that he may sell dear. Bear (bar), v. t. In the stock-exchange, to attempt to lower the price of; as, to bear railway stock. See the noun. Bear, Bere (běr), n. [A.Sax. bere, Icel. barr, barley. This word forms the first syllable of barley.] The Hordeum hexastichon, a species of barley having six rows in the ear, cultivated in Scotland and north of England: called also Bigg. Bearable (bar'a-bl), a. Capable of being borne; tolerable. Bearably (bar'a-bli), adv. In a bearable manner. Bear-animalcule (bár'an-i-mal-kül), n. See MACROBIOTIDE. Bear-baiting (bar'bat-ing), n. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. Bear-baiting, then a favourite diversion of high and low, was the abomination .. of the austere sectaries. The Puritans hated it, not because it gave pain to the bear, but because it gave pleasure to the spectators. Macaulay. Bearberry (bar'be-ri), n. Arctostaphylos uva ursi, nat. order Ericaceae, an evergreen shrub growing on the barren moors of Scotland. The leaves, under the name of ura ursi, are used in medicine as an astringent and tonic. Bear-bine, Bear-bind (barbin, bar'bind), n. The common name of Calystegia septum and C. Soldanella. The bear-bine with the lilac interlaced.' Hood. Bear-cloth (bar'kloth), n. A bearing-cloth (which see). Beard (berd), n. [A. Sax. beard, a beard: Fris. berd, D. baard, G. bart, a beard, and probably Icel. bard, an edge, a brim (the Icel. for beard is skegg); allied to Rus. boroda, Pol. broda, Lith. barzda; L. barba; W. and Armor. barf-beard.] 1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the face, chiefly of male adults; hence a mark of virility.-2. In zool. (a) the long hairs about the lower part of the face or head of some animals. (b) The cluster of fine feathers at the base of the beak of some birds. (c) The appendages to the jaw of some cetacea. Dana. (d) The silky filaments by which certain mollusca, as the common mussel, attach themselves to foreign bodies. (e) The gills or breathing organs of the oyster and other bivalves, consisting of long threadlike or hairlike processes. (f) In insects, two small, oblong, fleshy bodies placed just above the trunk, as in gnats, moths, and butterflies.-3. In bot. (a) the awn or sharp prickles on the ears of grain. (b) Parallel hairs or a tuft of stiff hairs terminating the leaves of plants, a species of pubescence. (c) With some authors, a name given to the lower lip of a ringent corolla. 4. A barb or sharp process of an arrow or other instrument bent backward from the point, to prevent its being easily drawn out.-5. The hook for retaining the yarn at the extremity of the needle in a knitting-machine.-6. A spring-piece on the back of a lock-bolt to hold it moderately firm and prevent it from rattling in its guides.-7. The part of a horse which bears the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and above the chin.-8. The rays of a comet, emitted toward that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems to direct it. 9. In printing, that part of a type which is between the shoulder of the shank and the face.To one's beard, to one's face; in defiance of him. Rail'd at their covenant, and jeer'd Hudibras. 3. To furnish with a beard.-4. In carp. to chip, plane, or otherwise diminish from a given line or to a given curve; as, to beard clamps, plank-sheers, &c.; in ship-building, to round, as the adjacent parts of the rudder and stern-post, or the dead-wood, so as to adapt it to the shape of the vessel. Beard-case (bērd'kás), n. An ornamental covering or case for the beard worn by the BEARDED ancient Egyptians, and frequently seen in Bearded (berd'ed), a. Having a beard in Beard-grass (bērd'gras), n. 1. The common Bearding-line (bērd'ing-lin), n. Beardless (bērd'les), a. Without a beard; Beard-moss (bērd'mos), n. nea barbata, which clothes our older forest A lichen, Ustrees with the shaggy gray fleece of its flaccid threadlike fronds. It is the idle moss' of Shakspere. Beardy (berd'i), n. 1. The local name of the whitethroat (Sylvia cinerea), one of our most lively and loquacious little birds.2. A Scotch name of the loach (Cobitis barbatula), a small fresh-water malacopterygian fish, family Cyprinidæ, so called from the six barbules which hang from the mouth. Written also Beardie. Bearet (běr), n. A bier. Spenser. Bearer (bar'er), n. 1. One who bears, sustains, or carries; a carrier. 'Bearers of burdens.' 2 Chr. ii. 18. The bearer of unhappy news.' Dryden. Specifically- 2. One who carries a body to the grave; a pall-bearer. The king's body being by the bearers set down near the place of burial.' Sir T. Herbert.-3. One who wears anything, as a badge or sword; a Thou (the crown) hast eat thy bearer up.' Shak.-4. Any part of a structure or machine that serves as a support to some other part.-5. A tree or plant that yields fruit. wearer. This way of procuring autumnal roses, in some that are good bearers, will succeed. Boyle. 6. In printing, (a) type or furniture letterhigh, to protect the face of the type in printing or stereotyping. (b) Same as Frisket.-7. In her. a supporter.-8. In old law, one who bears down or oppresses others by vexatiously assisting a third party in maintaining a suit against them; a maintainor. Bear-fly (bar'fli), n. An insect. Bear-garden (bar'gär-dn), n. 1. A place Bacon. where bears are kept for diversion, and formerly for fighting. Formerly called also Paris-garden and Bear's-college. Hurrying me from the playhouse, and the scenes there, to the bear-garden, to the apes, and asses, and tigers. Stillingfleet. 2. Any place of tumult or disorder. Bearherd (bar'hérd), n. A man that tends bears. Virtue is of so little regard in these costernonger times, that true valour is turned bearherd. Shak A hound for Bear-hound (bár hound), n. hunting or baiting the bear. Few years more and the Wolf-hounds shall fall suppressed, the Bear-hounds, the Falconry. Bearing (bar'ing), n. 1. The act of enduring, Carlyle. especially of enduring patiently or without complaining; endurance. The two powers which constitute a wise woman are those of bearing and forbearing. Trans. of Epictetus. 2. The manner in which a person bears or But of this frame the bearings and the ties, Pope. In travail of his bearing, his mother was first dead. 6. In arch. the space between the two fixed Fate, far, fat, fall; 240 unsupported span.-7. In mach. the part in Thy scarlet cloth, as a child's bearing-cloth, Bearish (bar'ish), a. Partaking of the quali- In our own language we seem to allude to this Young gentleman, I am the bear-leader, being lege.' B. Jonson. Same as The common name of Primula auricula, given to it from the Bear's-foot (barz'fyt), n. A plant of the The bearskins of the French grenadiers rose Bear's-whortleberry (barz-whor'tl-be-ri), mê, met, hêr; pine, pin: note, not, möve; tube, tub, bull; BEAT Beasts of chase are the buck, the doe, the fox, the marten, and the roe. Beasts of the forest are the hart, the hind, the hare, the boar, and the wolf. Beast (best), v.i. To hunt; as, 'Dian beasts Beastee (best'ē), n. Same as Beestie. Beastings (best'ingz), n. pl. See BEESTINGS. Beastish (best'ish), a. Like a beast; brutal. It would be but a kind of animal or beastish meetBeastliheadt (bēst'li-hed), n. [Beastly, and ing. Milton. suffix-head-hood.] The character or quality of a beast; beastliness: used by Spenser as a greeting to a beast. Sicke, sicke, alas! and little lack of dead, quality of being beastly; brutality; coarse- Rank inundation of luxuriousness Has tainted him with such gross beastliness. Marston. 2. Absence of reason; stupidity. Beastliness and lack of consideration." Beastly (best'li), a. North. 1. Like a beast; brutal; coarse; filthy; contrary to the nature and dignity of man. 'Lewd, profane, and beastly phrase.' B. Jonson. 2. Pertaining to, or having the form and nature of a beast; animal. 'Beastly divinities and droves of gods.' Prior.-3. The opposite of spiritual; natural. It is sowun a beestli bodi; it shal ryse a spiritual bodi. Beastly (best'li), adv. In the manner of a Wickliffe. SYN. Brutal, bestial, brutish, coarse, filthy. beast; filthily; abominably. 'How beastly she doth court him.' Shak. Beat (bēt), v.t. pret. beat; pp. beat, beaten; ppr. beating. [A. Sax. beutan; pret. best, pp. beaten; Icel. bauta and bjáta, O.H.G. pózan, to beat. Some of the meanings have no doubt been influenced by if not directly borrowed from Fr. battre, to beat.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon. He beat his breast.' Dryden.-2. To strike in order to produce a sound; to sound by percussion; hence, to give notice of by beat of drum; as, to beat a drum or a tambourine: to beat a tattoo; to beat a charge; to beat a retreat. [The last phrase often means simply to retire or retreat.]-3. To break, bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding, as pepper or spices. Thou shalt beat some of it very small. Ex. xxx. 36. 4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable substance, or to hammer into any form; to forge. They did beat the gold into thin plates. 5. To force out from the husk by blows; to thresh. Ruth ii. 17.-6. To mix or agitate by beating; as, to beat an egg.-7. To dash, strike, or brush, as water or wind. 'Beat with perpetual storms.' Milton.-8. To tread, as a path. 'Pass awful gulfs and beat my painful way.' Blackmore.-9. To scour with bustle and outcry in order to raise game; to drive game in. To beat the woods and rouse the bounding prey.' Prior. 10. To overcome in a battle, contest, or strife; to vanquish or conquer; as, one beats another at play. Pyrrhus beat the Carthaginians at sea. Arbuthnot. 11. To surpass; to excel; to go beyond; as, he beats them all at swimming. [Colloq. } There is something out of common here that beats T' advance his master's fame and gains. 14. To fatigue utterly; to prostrate; as, the |