CLADOCERA Cladocera (kla-dos ́ér-a), n. [Gr. klados, a branch, and keras, a horn.] An order of entomostracous crustacea, with two pairs of branched antennæ, the lower pair of which serve as oars, and with only one eye of very large comparative size. The waterflea (Daphnia pulex), well known as a microscopic object, is one of them. Claes (kláz), n. pl. Clothes. [Scotch.] Claggy (klag'i), a. [A form corresponding to E cladgy, from A. Sax. clog, D. klæg, clay.] Sticky: unctuous; adhesive; clogging up. [Scotch.] Claik, Claik-goose (klák, kläk'gös), n. A barnacle-goose. [Scotch.] Written also Clack-goose. See BARNACLE. Claim (kläm), v.t. [0. Fr. claimer, clamer, to call or cry, to claim, to challenge, from L. clamo, to shout] 1. To ask or seek to obtain by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to assert a right to; to demand as due; as, to claim obedience or respect; to claim an estate by descent: with from or of before the person on whom the claim is made. And, look, when I am king claim thou of me The earldom of Hereford. Shak. 2. To proclaim. Spenser.-3. To call or name. Spenser. Ask, Demand, Claim, Require, Beg, Beseech. See ASK. Claim (klám), n. 1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; as, a claim of wages for services; to make a claim on a person, that is, to claim something from him: very common in the phrase to lay claim to a thing, that is, to demand it as a right. Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance? Shak. 2. A right to claim or demand; a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another; as, a prince has a claim to the throne. A thousand claims to reverence closed In her as Mother, Wife, and Queen. Tennyson. 3. The thing claimed or demanded; specifically, in America, Australia, &c., a piece of public land which a squatter or settler marks out for himself with the intention of purchasing it when the government offers it for sale. Hence-4. A piece of land allotted to one.-5. A loud call. Spenser. [Spelled by the poet Clame.]-Claim in a service, in Scots law, a petition addressed by the heir to the sheriff, in which he states his relationship to the deceased, and prays to be served heir to him. Claim (klām), v. i. 1. To be entitled to a thing; to have a right; to derive a right. We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority, before we can know who has a right to succeed him in it. Locke. 2. To assert claims; to put forward claims; as, he claims to be the greatest poet of the age. Claimable (klām'a-bl), a. Capable of being claimed or demanded as due; as, wages not claimable after dismissal. Claimant (klam'ant), n. [0. Fr. claimant, clamant, pp. of claimer, clamer, to claim.] A person who claims; one who demands anything as his right. Claimer (klam'ér), n. A claimant; one who demands as due. Sir W. Temple. [Rare.] Claimless (klām'les), a. Having no claim. [Rare.] Claire-cole, Clear-cole (klär′kōl, klēr′kōl), n. [Fr. clair, clear, and colle, glue or size.] 1. In painting, a preparation of size put on an absorbent surface to prevent the sinking in of the subsequent coats of oil paint. -2. In gilding, a coating of size above which goldleaf is be put. Clair-obscuret (klår-ob-skûr). [Fr. clairobscur.] Same as Chiaroscuro. Clairvoyance (klár-voi'ans), n. [See CLAIRVOYANT, a] A power attributed to persons in the mesmeric state. The clairvoyant (or clairvoyante) is alleged to see by the spirit rather than by the eye, so that he (or she) discerns objects concealed from sight, tells what is happening at a distance, &c. Clairvoyant (klar-voi'ant), a. [Fr. clair, clear, and voyant, seeing, ppr. of voir (L. ridere), to see. ] Of or pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning (through being mesmerized) objects not patent to the sight. Clairvoyant, Clairvoyante (klar-voi'ant), n. A man or woman in a certain stage of mesmerism, in which state the subject is said to see things not present to the senses. Claise, Clase (kláz), n. pl. Clothes. [Scotch.] Spelled also Claes, 481 Claith (kláth), n. [Scotch.] 1. Cloth. 'Has clad a score in their last claith.' Burns.2. pl. Clothes. Clam (klam), v.t. [Prov. E. cleam, to smear, A. Sax. chemian, from clam, mud, clay, that which is clammy; cog. Icel. kleima, to smear, Dan. klam, clammy, klamme, to clog. Clamp is probably a lengthened form.] 1. To clog with glutinous or viscous matter. [Rare.] A swarm of wasps got into a honey-pot, and there they clogged and clamm'd themselves till there was no getting out again. Sir R. L'Estrange. 2. To daub; to glue. [Provincial.] Clam (klam), v.i. To be glutinous or moist; to stick like clammy matter or moisture. [Rare.] See A chilling sweat, a damp of jealousy, Hangs on my brows and clams upon my limbs. Dryden. Clam (klam), n. [A shortened form of clamp, the former name, this designation probably being given from the firmness with which some of these animals adhere to rocks. CLAMP.] The popular name of certain bivalvular shell-fish, of several genera and many species. Thus there are the thorny clam (Chama Lazarus), the yellow clam (Tridacna crocea), the giant clam (T. gigas), the common clam of the United States (Mya arenaria), &c. Clam (klam), v.i. In bell-ringing, to sound all the bells in a chime at the same moment. Clam (klam), v.i. To hunger; to starve; to clamant (klam'ant), a. [See CLAIMANT.] pine; to clem. [Provincial] Crying; beseeching. 'A train of clamant children dear.' Thomson. Clamation † (kla-ma'shon), n. The act of crying out. Sir T. Browne. Clamatores (klam-a-tō'rēz), n. pl. In zool. same as Gallinacea. Clamben, pl. of pret. of climb. Chaucer. Clamber (klam'bér), v. i. [O. E. clamer, clammer, from same root as clam, to adhere, clamp, and climb; comp. L.G. klempern, to climb; Dan. klamre, to grasp firmly.] 1. To climb with difficulty or with hands and feet. Hence-2. To rise up steeply. The narrow street that clamber'd toward the mill.' Tennyson. [Poetical.] Clamber (klam'ber), v.t. To ascend by climbing; to climb with difficulty. Clamb'ring the walls to eye him.' Shak. [Now rare.] Clamber (klam'bér), n. The act of clambering They can clammer over the Alps and Appenin to wait on you. Howell. Clammily (klam'mi-li), adv. In a clammy manner. 'Oozing so clammily.' Hood. Clamminess (klam'mi-nes), n. The state of being clammy or viscous; viscosity; stickiness; tenacity of a soft substance. Clammy (klam'mi), a. [From A. Sax. clam, clamm, mud, clay. See CLAM, v.t.] Thick; viscous; adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; tenacious. 'Bodies clammy and cleaving.' Bacon. Cold sweat, in clammy drops, his limbs o'erspread. Dryden. Clamorous (klam'èr -us), a. Making a clamour or outery; noisy; vociferous; loud. The clamorous owl that nightly hoots.' Shak. Clamorously (klam'èr-us-li), adv. In a clamorous manner; with loud noise or words. Clamorousness (klam'èr-us-nes), n. The state or quality of being clamorous. Clamour (klam'èr), n. [L. clamor, an outcry, from clamo, to cry out, whence E. claim.] 1. A great outery; vociferation, made by a loud human voice continued or repeated, or by a multitude of voices; strong dissatisfaction expressed by speaking or writing; loud complaint; urgent demand. 'Shouts and clamours." Shak. 'The bitter clamour cf two eager tongues' Shak. Blare of bugle, clamour of men. Tennyson. As for the clamour (and it was nothing more than clamour, and ignorant clamour, too),that Lord Mansfield was making the old Saxon principles of our juris. prudence bend to those of civil law, it is wholly mar vellous that men of any understanding or education should have ever been found so much the slaves of faction as to patronize it. Brougham. 2. Any loud and continued noise. 'Start an echo with the clamour of thy drum.' Shak. 'Loud Arno's boisterous clamours.' Addison. SYN.Outery, vociferation, hubbub, clangour, hullaballoo, noise, uproar. Clamour (klam'ér), v.t. 1. To utter in a loud voice; to shout. Melissa clamour'd 'Flee the death.' ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j, job; f, Fr. ton; ng, sing; Tennyson. TH, then; th, thin; CLANCULAR 2. To stun with noise; to salute with noise. 'Clamouring their God with praise.' Milton. And let them not come in multitudes, or in a tribunitious manner; for that is to clamour councils, not to inform them, Bacon. -To clamour bells, † to sound all the bells in a chime at the same moment. Warburton. Clamour (klam'èr), v. i. To utter loud sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to utter loud cries, as a multitude; to make importunate complaints or demands. Shak.; Macaulay; Tennyson. Clamourer (klam'ér- ér), n. One who clamours. Clamourist (klam'êr-ist), n. Same as Clamourer. Th. Hook. Clamp (klamp), n. [Most closely connected with LG. and D. klamp, Dan. klampe, klamme, G. klampe, all meaning a clamp; Icel. klömbr, a vice; from a root seen in a great many words, such as D. and G. klemmen, Dan. klemme, Icel. klambra, to pinch, E. climb, clamber, clem (to pinch with hunger), cramp (which in some of its senses seems simply this word with the common change between r and 7), &c.] 1. In general, something rigid that fastens or binds; a piece of wood or metal fastening two pieces together.-2. Naut. (a) a thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side used to sustain the ends of the beams. (b) Any plate of iron made to turn or open and shut so as to confine a spar or boom. 3. In joinery, (a) an instrument of wood or metal used for holding pieces of timber closely together until the glue hardens. (b) A piece of wood fixed to another with a mortise and tenon, or groove and tongue, so that the fibres of the piece thus fixed cross those of the other, and thereby prevent it from casting or warping.-4. One of a pair of movable cheeks of lead or copper covering the jaws of a vice, and enabling it to grasp without bruising. 5. A pile of bricks laid up for burning, in which the end of one brick is laid over another, and a space is left between the bricks for the fire to ascend; also, a pile of ore for roasting, or of coal for coking. Clamp (klamp), v. t. To fasten with clamps; to fix a clamp on. Clamp (klamp), n. [Imitative; comp. clank, clink.] A heavy footstep or tread; a tramp. Clamp (klamp), v.i. To tread heavily. "The policeman with clamping feet.' Thackeray Clamp (klamp), n. Same as Clam, a kind of shell. Clam, or clamp, a kind of shellfish.' Josselyn. Clamper (klamp'ér), n. A contrivance consisting of a frame of iron having sharp prongs on the lower part, which is slipped on over the shoe or boot, so as to enable a person to walk safely on ice. Also called Creeper. Clamp-iron (klamp'i-êrn), n. One of several irons fastened at the ends of fires to prevent the fuel from falling. Clamp-nail (klamp'nāl), n. A short, stout, large-headed nail for fastening clamps in ships. Clams (klamz), n. pl. [Same root as clamp, a fastening.] 1. A sort of strong pincers used by ship-carpenters for drawing nails.-2. A kind of vice, generally made of wood, used by artificers for holding anything fast. [Scotch.] Clam-shell (klam'shel), n. The shell of a clam. Clan (klan), n. [Gael. and Ir. clann, children, family, tribe.] 1. A race; a family; a tribe; an association of persons under a chieftain. Among the Highlanders of Scotland a clan consisted of the common descendants of the same progenitor, under the patriarchial control of a chief, who represented the common ancestor, and who was revered and served by the clansmen with the blind devotion of children. Clans did not acknowledge the hereditary principle, often raising to the chiefship a brother or an uncle of a deceased chief. The name of the clan was generally that of the original progenitor with the affix mac (son). There are few traces of this institution now remaining. 2. In contempt, a clique, sect, society, or body of persons closely united by some common interest or pursuit. Partridge and the rest of his clan may hoot me for a cheat, if I fail in any single particular. Smollett. Clanculart (klan'kü-lér),a. [L.clancularius, clandestine, claneulum, secretly, a dim. from clam, in secret.] Clandestine; secret; private; concealed. Not close and clancular, but frank and open.' Barrow. w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY. CLANCULARLY Clancularlyt (klan'ku-lêr-li), adv. Privately; secretly. Barrow. Clandestine (klan-des'tin), a. [L. clandestinus, from clam, in secret.] Secret; private; hidden; withdrawn from public view: generally implying craft, deception, or evil design. 'Clandestine machinations.' Locke. A very clandestine manner.' Stillingfleet. -Clandestine marriage, a marriage contracted without the due observance of the ceremonies which the law has prescribed. By the law of Scotland clandestine marriages are valid and effectual, but the parties, celebrator, and witnesses are liable to certain penalties, which, however, are never now enforced. Clandestinely (klan-des'tin-li), adv. In a clandestine manner; secretly; privately; in secret. Swift. Clandestineness (klan-des'tin-nes), n. The state or quality of being clandestine; secrecy; a state of concealment. Clandestinity (klan-des-tin'i-ti), n. Clandestineness; secrecy. [Rare.] Clandestinity and disparity do not void a marriage, but only make the proof more difficult. Stilling fleet. Clang (klang), n. [One of a number of words similar in sound, and probably all imitative, such as clank, clink, clack; G. klingen, to sound; Dan. Sw. G. klang, D. klank, a sound; L. clangor, the sound of a trump; Gr. klangge, a sharp sound.] A loud sound produced from solid bodies, especially that produced by the collision of metallic bodies; a clank; clangour; as, the clang of arms. 'Loud larums, neighing steeds, and trumpets' clang.' Shak. Sir W. Scott. Where courser's clang, and stamp, and snort Had rung the livelong yesterday. Clang (klang), v.i. To give out a clang; to clank; to resound. 'The wood which grides and clangs. Tennyson. Clang (klang), v.t. a clang. Prior. To cause to sound with See the noun. They clanged their sounding arms. Clangorous (klang gèr-us), a. Making a clangour; having a hard or ringing sound. Who would have thought that the clangorous noise of a smith's hammers should have given the first rise to music? Spectator. Clangour (klang'ger), n. [L. clangor. See CLANG. A sharp, hard, ringing sound. 'And hear the trumpet's clangour pierce the sky.' Dryden. Clangoust (klangʻgus), a. Making a clang, or a shrill or harsh sound. 'Harsh and clangous throats." Sir T. Browne. Clanjamfrie, Clanjamfry (klan-jam'fri), n. A term used to designate collectively those who are looked down on with contempt; a mob; tag-rag and bob-tail. [Scotch.] A gang of play-actors came.-They were the first of that clanjamfry who had ever been in the parish. Galt Clank (klangk), n. [See CLANG.] The loud, shrill, sharp sound made by collision of metallic or other similarly sounding bodies: this word generally expresses a less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than clink; as, the clank of chains or fetters. Clank (klangk), v. t. To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their chains. See the noun. Clank (klangk), v.i. To sound with or give out a clank. See the noun. Clankless (klangk'les), a. Without clank. [Rare.] Lo, the spell now works around thee, And the clankless chain hath bound thee. Byron. Clannish (klan'ish), a. 1. Closely united, like a clan; disposed to adhere closely, as the members of a clan.-2. Imbued with the prejudices, feelings, sentiments, &c., peculiar to clans. Clannishly (klan'ish-li), adv. In a clannish 482 it red.' Shak. Clapt him on the hands and on the cheeks.' Tennyson. Have you never seen a citizen on a cold morning clapping his sides, and walking before his shop! Dryden. 2. To thrust; to drive together; to shut hastily: followed by to; as, to clap to the door or gate.-3. To place or put by a hasty or sudden motion; as, to clap the hand to the mouth; to clap spurs to a horse; to clap one under the hatches; to clap a board over a pit. His friends would have clapped him into bedlam. Spectator 4. To manifest approbation of by striking the hands together; as, to clap a performance on the stage.-To clap hands, to strike the hands together, (a) in token of the conclusion of an agreement. So clap hands and a bargain." Shak (b) As a mark of applause or delight To clap up, (a) to make or complete hastily; as, to clap up a 2. To begin or set to work with alacrity and briskness. Truly, sir, I would desire you to clap into your prayers; for, look you, the warrant's come. Shak. 3. To strike the hands together in applause. 4. To knock, as at a door. Chaucer.-5. ↑ To chatter; to prattle or prate continually or noisily. Clap (klap), n. 1. A collision of bodies with noise; a bang; a slap. Give the door such a clap as you go out as will shake the whole room. Swift. 2. A sudden act or motion: generally in phrase at a clap, that is at a blow, all at The clap is past and now the skies are clear. 4. A striking of hands to express approba- Clap (klap), n. [D. klapoor, clap; 0. Fr. clapoir, a venereal sore.] A venereal disorder; gonorrhea. Clap (klap), v.t. To infect with venereal poison. Clap-board (klap'bōrd), n. 1. A thin narrow board for covering houses. [United States.] 2. A stave for casks. Clap-board (klap bord), v.t. To cover with clap-boards, as a house [United States.] Clap-bread, Clap-cake (klap'bred, klap'kak), n. A kind of oatmeal cake clapped and rolled out thin and baked hard. Halliwell. Clap-dish (klap'dish), n. A wooden bowl or dish; a clack-dish (which see). Clap-doctor (klap'dok-tėr), n. One who specially professes the cure of venereal diseases; a quack. He was the first clap-doctor that I met with in history. Taller. Claper, Clapper, n. [Fr. clapier.] A rabbit-burrow. Chaucer. Clap-net (klap'net), n. A net in hinged sections for taking larks and other small birds, which is made to fold smartly over on itself by the pulling of a string, and to which the birds are allured either by a lookingglass or a call-bird. It is much used by the bird-catchers who supply the London market. Clappet (klap), n. Same as Clapper, 3. Clappe, vi. To knock repeatedly; to talk fast. Chaucer. Clapper (klap'èr), n. 1. A person who claps or applauds by clapping. 2. That which claps or strikes, as the tongue of a bell, the cover of a clap-dish, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper. --3. In the mediæval church, a wooden rattle used as a summons to prayers on the three last days of holy week, when it was customary for the CLARIFICATION church bells to remain silent. Called also Clap, Clep.4. A clack-valve.-5. A clack or windmill for frightening birds. A clap per clapping in a garth to scare the fowl from fruit.' Tennyson. Clapper,tn. See CLAPER. Clapper-claw (klap'èr-kla), v.t. [Clap, and claw.] 1. To beat and scratch; to thrash; to drub. "They're clapper-clawing one another; I'll look on.' Shak.-2. To scold; to abuse with the tongue; to revile. Clapper-dudgeon † (klap-ér-du'jon), n. A beggar. Brome. Clapse, v.t. [Comp. ask, ax.] To clasp. Chaucer His botes clapsed fayre and fetisly. Clap-sill (klap'sil), n. In hydraulic engin a mitre-sill; the bottom part of the frame on which lock-gates shut. Clap-trap (klap'trap), n. 1. A contrivance for clapping in theatres.-2. Fig. an artifice or device to elicit applause or gain popularity; management to entrap; bunkum. He played to the galleries, and indulged them of course with an endless succession of clap-traps. Brougham. Clap-trap (klap'trap), a. Designing or designed merely to catch applause. The unworthy arts of a clap-trap orator.' A. K. H. Boyd. Claque (klak), n. [Fr., from claquer, to clap the hands, to applaud.] A name applied collectively to a set of men, called claqueurs, who, in theatres, are regularly hired to applaud the piece or the actors. The scheme originated in Paris, where an office was established for the insurance of dramatic success. The term is also applied to the scheme or system itself. A member of the Claqueur (klak-ür), n. claque. Claqueurs have each a respective role allotted to them-thus, the rieur must laugh at the comic parts; the pleureur weep at the pathetic; the bisseur call encore, and so on-and all generally clap their hands and applaud. Clare (klar), n. A nun of the order of St. Clare. Clare constat (kla're kon'stat), n. [L., it is clearly established.] In Scots law, a precept of clare constat is a deed executed by a subject superior, for the purpose of completing the title of his vassal's heir to the lands held by the deceased vassal. Clarence (klar'ens), n. A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside and a driver's seat. Clarenceux, Clarencieux (klarʼen-sú), n. [Said to be from the Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III., who first held the office.] In Great Britain, the second king-at-arms, inferior only to the Garter. His province comprises that part of England south of the river Trent. Formerly called Surroy (southern king) in contradistinction to Norroy, the northern provincial king-at-arms. Clare-obscure (klar ob-skúr), n. [L. clarus, clear, and obscurus, obscure.] In painting, light and shade; chiaroscuro. Claret (klaret), n. [Fr. clairet, from clair, clear; It. claretto.] 1. The name given in England to the red wines of Bordeaux. In France the name clairet is given only to wines of a light red colour.-2. Blood. [Pugilistic slang.] Claret (klaret), a. Having the colour of claret wine. 'He wore a claret coat.' D. Jerrold. Claret-cup (klar'et-kup), n. A summer beverage, composed of iced claret, a little brandy, and a slice or two of lemon or other flavouring ingredients. Claret-jug (klar'et-jug), n. A fancy glass or silver decanter, with lip and handle, for holding claret. Claribel-flute (klar'i-bel-flût), n. An organ stop similar to the claribella, but generally of four feet pitch. Claribella (klar-i-bella), n. An organ stop. of a soft and sweet quality of tone, consisting of open wood pipes, usually of eight feet pitch. Clarichord (klar'i-kord), n. [L. clarus, clear, and chorda, a string. See CHORD] An ancient musical stringed instrument, resembling the manichord. Called also Clarichord. Clarification (klar'i-fi-kā"shon), n. The act of clarifying; particularly the clearing or fining of liquid substances from all feculent matter by the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent This may be performed by filtration, but the term is more especially applied to the use of such clarifying sub CLARIFIER stances or agents as gelatine, albumen, alcohol, heat, &c. Clarifier (klar'i-fi-èr), n. 1. One who or that which clarifies or purifies; as, whites of eggs, blood, and isínglass are clarifiers of liquors.-2. A vessel in which liquor is clarified; specifically, a large metallic pan, for clarifying sugar, &c. Clarify (klar'i-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. clarified; | ppr. clarifying [Fr. clarifier, from L. clarificare, to clarify, to glorify-clarus, clear, and facio, to make.] 1. To make clear; to purify from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine: applied particularly to liquors; as, to clarify wine or syrup. See CLARIFICATION. 2. To make clear; to brighten or illuminate: applied to the mind or reason. [Rare.] The Christian religion is the only means to set man upon his legs again, to clarify his reason, and rectify his will. South. 3. To glorify. Fadir, the hour cometh, clarifie thy sonne. Wickliffe, St. John xvii. 1. Clarify (klar'i-fi), v.i. 1. To grow or become clear or free from feculent matter; to become pure, as liquors; as, cider clarifies by fermentation.-2. To clear up intellectually; to grow clear or bright. Bacon. His wits and understanding do clarify and break up in the discoursing with another. Clarigatet (klar'i-gāt), v.i. [L. clarigo, clarigatum.] To proclaim war against an enemy with religious services. Holland. [Rare.] Clarinet, Clarionet (klar'i-net, klar'i-on-et), [Fr. clarinette L clarus, clear. See CLARION] A wind-instrument of music, made of wood, and similar in shape to the oboe, but of rather larger dimensions. It has a fixed mouthpiece, containing a reed, which forms the upper joint of the instrument. The compass of the clarinet is about three octaves and a half from E in the third space of the bass, including all the intermediate semitones.-Bass clarinet, an instrument played on in the same manner as the common clarinet. Its compass is four octaves, and it descends to B flat below the bass-staff. It is of wood, and its length is 2 feet 8 inches. Contra-bass clarinet, an instrument which, in form and manner of fingering, differs but little from the bass clarinet. It is of the size of the bassoon, and in compass four notes lower.-Clarionetstop. See KRUMMHORN. Clarino (kla-rē'nō), n. [It.] 1. A clarion. Moore.-2. An organ stop consisting of reed pipes, generally of four feet pitch. Clarion (klar'i-on), n. [L. L. clario, clarionis, a clarion, Fr. clairon, from L. clarus, clear, from its clear sound.] A kind of trumpet whose tube is narrower and tone more acute and shrill than that of the common trumpet. Clarionet. See CLARINET. Clarisonous (kla-ris'on-us), a. [L. clarus, clear, and sonus, a sound.] Having a clear sound. Ash. [Rare.] Claritude (klar'i-tud), n. [L. claritudo, from clarus, clear.] Clearness; splendour. 'Those claritudes which gild the skies.' Beau. & FI Clarity (klar'i-ti), n. [L claritas, from clarus, clear.] Clearness; brightness; splendour. Floods in whose more than crystal clarity Innumerable virgin graces grow. F. Beaumont, Claro-obscuro (klá'ró-ob-skö'rō), n. [Old It.] Same as Chiaroscuro. Clarret (klar), n. [Fr.] Wine mixed with honey and spices, and afterwards strained till it is clear. Clart (klart), v.t. [Perhaps from a word equivalent to Sw. lort, filth, with prefix ge.] To daub, smear, or spread; to dirty. [Provincial English and Scotch.] Clart (klart), n. [Sc.] 1. A daub; as, a clart of grease.-2. pl. Tenacious mire or mud. Clarty, Clorty (klar'ti, klor'ti), a. Miry; muddy; sticky and foul; very dirty. Burns. [Scotch.] Clary+ (kla'ri), v.i. [L. clarus, clear, shrill.] To make a loud or shrill noise. Golding. Clary (kla'ri), n. [A corruption of L.L Sclarea. A plant of the genus Salvia or sage (Salvia Sclarea). Bacon. Clary-water (kla'ri-wa-tér), n. tion of brandy, sugar, clary flowers, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dissolved in it formerly much used as a cardiac to help digestion. A composi Clash (klash), v.i. [An imitative word; comp. D. kletsen, G. klatschen, Dan klatsche, They clash'd together, and thrice they brake their spears. Tennyson. 3. Fig. to act with opposite power or in a contrary direction; to meet in opposition; to interfere; as, both their opinions and their interests clash together. Neither was there any queen-mother who might clash with his counsellors for authority. Васом. Clash (klash), v.t. To strike against with sound; to strike noisily together. The nodding statue clash'd his arms. Dryden. Clash (klash), n. 1. The noise made by the meeting of bodies with violence; a striking together with noise; collision or noisy collision of bodies. The clash of arms and voice of men.' Sir J. Denham. Here he was interrupted by something which fell with a heavy clash on the street before us. Sir W. Scott. 2. Fig. opposition; contradiction, as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, &c. The clashes between popes and kings.' Denham. Clash (klash), n. [Scotch.] 1. Tittle-tattle; scandal; idle talk. 'Some rhyme to court the country clash.' Burns.-2. A quantity of any moist substance thrown at an object; a splash. Clash (klash), v.i. To talk; to gossip. Burns. [Scotch.] Clashing (klash'ing), a. Interfering; oppoClashingly (klash'ing-li), adv. site; conflicting; as, clashing interests. With clashing. Clasp (klasp), n. [By metathesis for O.E. clapse, to clasp, claps, a clasp: allied to clip, to embrace, in the same way as grasp, to grip, and gripe.] 1. A catch to hold something together; a hook for fastening; a hook to hold together the covers of a book, or the different parts of a garment, of a belt, &c. 2. A clinging, grasping, or embracing; a close embrace. 'Glance and smile, and clasp and kiss.' Tennyson. Clasp (klasp), v. t. 1. To shut or fasten together with a clasp; to furnish with a clasp; as, to clasp a book.-2. To catch and hold by twining or embracing; to surround and cling to; to embrace closely; to catch with the arms or hands; to grasp. 'Then creeping, clasp'd the hero's knees and prayed.' Dryden.-3. To inclose or encompass with the fingers; to catch mutually or join with friendly pressure. 'We'll clasp hands.' Shak. Clasp (klasp), v.i. To cling. [Rare.] My father clasping to the mast, endured a sea That almost burst the deck. Shak. Clasper (klasp'èr), n. One who or that which clasps. Specifically, (a) in bot. the tendril of a vine or other plant which twines round something for support. (b) In zool. a term applied to appendages on the legs of male insects, and on the abdomen of some fishes, as sharks, for retaining the female. Claspered (klasp'èrd), a. claspers or tendrils. Clasp-knife (klasp'nif), n. 1. A knife the blade of which folds into the handle. -2. In a narrower sense, a large knife the blade of which folds in, and may be locked when open by a catch on the back part of the knife. CLASSICALLY orders. See CLASSIFICATION. - 5. Same as Classis, 2 (which see). Class (klas), v.t. 1. To arrange in a class or classes; to rank together; to refer to a class or group; to classify. We are all ranked and classed by Him who seeth into every heart. Dr. Blair. 2. To place in ranks or divisions, as students that are pursuing the same studies; to form into a class or classes.-SYN. To arrange, distribute, classify, rank. Class (klas), v. i. To be arranged or classed. [Rare.] Class-fellow (klas'fel-lo), n. One of the same class at school or college; a classmate. Classible (klas'si-bl), a. Capable of being classed. Classic (klas'ik), n. [L classicus (from classis, a class), pertaining to the classes or political divisions into which the Roman people were anciently divided, and in particular pertaining to the first or highest class, who were often spoken of as classici; hence the use of the word to mean writers of the first rank.] 1. An author of the first rank; a writer whose style is pure, correct, and refined: primarily, a Greek or Roman author of this character, but also applied to writers of a like character in any nation. 'The classics of an age.' Pope. It at once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic. Macaulay. 2. A literary production of the first class or rank; the classics, specifically, the literature of ancient Greece and Rome. Under the tuition of Mr. Reynolds he was for some time instructed in the classics. Malone. 3. One versed in the classics. Classic, Classical (klas'ik, klas'ik-al), a. 1. Belonging to or associated with the first or highest class, especially in literature. Hence, (a) primarily and more specifically, relating to Greek and Roman authors of the first rank or estimation. [In this sense classical is now more common than classic.] He (Sheridan) brought away from school a very slender provision of classical learning. Brougham. (b) Pertaining to writers of the first rank among the moderns; being of the first order; constituting the best model or authority as an author. 'Mr. Greaves, who may be justly reckoned a classical author on this subject.' Arbuthnot. O Sheridan! if aught can move thy pen, One classic drama, and reform the stage. Byron. 2. (a) Pertaining to ancient Greece or Rome; relating to places associated with the ancient Greek and Latin writers. (b) Relating to localities associated with great modern authors, or to scenes of great historical events. Poetic fields encompass me around, And still I seem to tread on classic ground. Addison. At Liverpool Roscoe is like Pompey's column at Alexandria, towering alone in classic dignity. Furnished with 4. Belonging to classification; classificatory. Unwilling to give similar classical characters to both of his primary divisions, Casalpinus has passed over what at first is most striking in the form of trees. Rees. Clasp-lock (klasplok), n. A lock which is closed or secured by means of a spring. Clasp-nail (klasp'nal), n. A nail with a head flattened so as to clasp the wood. Class (klas), n. [L. classis, a class, whence also classify, classic, classical, &c.] 1. In anc. hist. a term applied to each of the large divisions of the Roman people, said to have been made by Servius Tullius.2. An order or rank of persons; a number of persons in society supposed to have some resemblance or equality in rank, education, property, talents, and the like; as in the phrase, all classes of men in society. The constitution of the House of Commons tended greatly to promote the salutary intermixture of classes. The knight of the shire was the connecting link between the baron and the shopkeeper. Macaulay. 3. A number of pupils in a school, or students in a college, of the same standing or pursuing the same studies.-4. In nat. hist. a large group of plants or animals formed by the reunion or association of several 5. In some Reformed churches, relating to a classis or class. See CLASSIS, 2. And what doth make a classical eldership to be a presbytery? Goodwin. -Classic orders, in arch. the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders. Classicalism (klasik-al-izm), n. 1. A classic idiom or style; classicism.-2. In art, close adherence to the rules of Greek or Roman art. We shall find in it (Renaissance architecture) partly the root, partly the expression, of certain dominant evils of modern times-over-sophistication and ignorant classicalism. Ruskin. Classicalist (klas'ik-al-ist), n. A devoted admirer of classicalism. In art, one who scrupulously adheres to the canons of Greek or Roman art. Ruskin. Classicality, Classicalness (klas-ik-al'iti, klas'ik-al-nes), n. The quality of being classical. Classically (klas'ik-al-li), adv. 1. According to a regular order of classes or sets. It would be impossible to bear all its specific details in the memory if they were not classically arranged. R. Ker. CLASSICISM 2. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors. Classicism (klas'i-sizm), n. A classic idiom or style. Classicist (klas'i-sist), n. One versed in the classics. Claudent (kla'dent), a. [L. claudens, from claudo, to shut. ] Shutting; confining; drawing together; as, a claudent muscle. Johnson. [Rare.] Classifiable (klas'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of Claudicant (kla'di-kant), a. [See below.] being classified. These changes are classifiable as the original sensations are. F. S. Mill. Classific (klas-sif'ik), a. 1. Distinguishing a class or classes; as, a classific mark [Rare.] 2. Relating to classification. Worcester. [Rare.] Classification (klas'i-fi-kā"shon), n. [See CLASSIFY.] The act of forming into a class or classes, so as to bring together those beings or things which most resemble each other, and to separate those that differ; distribution into sets, sorts, or ranks. In nat. hist. classification has been made on two principles distinguished as the artificial and natural-the former made on accidental coincidence in certain organs, as, in botany, in those of reproduction, or on external resemblance; the latter having regard to the whole structure of the objects classified. The widest classes in natural history are called kingdoms. Kingdoms are divided into classes, classes into orders, orders into families, families into genera, genera into species, and species into varieties. Classificatory (klas'i-fi-kā-to-ri), a. Belonging to classification; concerned with classifying. The classificatory sciences.' Whewell. Classifier (klas'i-fi-ér), n. One who classifies; one who investigates and embodies in practice the principles of classification. The classifiers of this period were chiefly Fructists and Corollists. Rees. Classify (klas'i-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. classified; ppr.classifying. [L. classis, a class, and facio, to make.] To arrange in a class or classes; to arrange in sets or ranks according to some method founded on common characteristics in the objects so arranged. The former (the Linnæan system) is an attempt at classifying plants according to their agreement in some single characters. Brande and Cox. Classis (klas'sis), n. 1.† Class; order; sort. He had declared his opinion of that classis of men. Clarendon. 2. Eccles. an ecclesiastical body, convention, or assembly; specifically, in the Reformed American, Dutch, and French Churches, a judicatory corresponding to a presbytery. The meeting of the elders over many congregations that they call the classis. Goodwin. Class-man (klas' man), n. pl. Class-men (klas'men). In the English universities, a candidate for graduation in arts who has passed an examination of special severity in one of the departments in which honours are conferred, and who is placed according to merit in one of several classes. At Oxford successful candidates are classed in both of the public examinations, in the first in three classes, in the second (or final examination) in four classes. At Cambridge only graduates are classed, and they are divided into three classes. See TRIPOS. Class-mate (klas'mat), n. A class-fellow at school or college. Clat (klat), v. and n. [Sc.] Same as Claut. Clathrate (klath'rat), a. (L. clathrus, a lattice] In bot. and zool. latticed; divided like lattice-work. Clatter (klat ́ér), v.i. [From the sound. A. Sax. clatrung, a clattering, a rattle; D. klater, a rattle; klateren, to rattle.] 1. To make rattling sounds; to make repeated sharp sounds, as when sonorous bodies strike or are struck rapidly together; to rattle.-2. [Old or provincial English and Scotch.] To talk fast and idly; to run on: to rattle with the tongue. 'Thou dost but clatter. Spenser. Clatter (klat'èr), v.t. To strike so as to produce a rattling noise from. You clatter still your brazen kettle. Swift. Clatter (klat'èr), n. 1. A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp sounds; rattling sounds; tumultuous and confused noise. Clatter of horsehoofs.' Macaulay. With cackle and with clatter.' Tennyson. By this great clatter one of greatest note Shak. 2. Idle gossip; tattle. Burns. [Provincial and Scotch.] Clatterer (klat'èr-ér), n. One who clatters; a babbler. Clatterers love no peace.' Skelton. Halting; limping. Johnson. [Rare.] Claudicate (kla'di-kāt), v.i. [L. claudico, to limp, from claudus, lame.] To halt or limp. Bailey. Claudication (klą-di-kā'shon), n. A halting or limping; a limp. [Rare.] I have lately contracted a . . . claudication in my left foot. Steele. Claught (klacht), pret. & pp. of an obsolete verb cleche or clache, to clutch. [Old English and Scotch.] Burns. The carlin claught her by the rump, And left poor Maggie scarce a stump. Claught (klacht), n. A catch; a hold; as, I took a claught o' him. [Scotch.] Clause (klaz), n. [Fr. clause, from L.L. clausa, for L. clausula, a conclusion, and as a law term a clause, from claudo, clausum, to close.] 1. In gram. a member of a compound sentence containing both a subject and its predicate.-2. An article in a contract or other writing; a distinct part of a contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or the like; a distinct stipulation, condition, proviso, &c. In Scots law, certain clauses in deeds are expressed according to certain technical forms, and are of several kinds; as, clause of devolution, a clause devolving some office, obligation, or duty on a party in a certain event, as, for example, on the failure of another to perform; clause of return, a clause by which the granter of a right makes a particular distinction of it, and provides that in a certain event it shall return to himself; clauses irritant and resolutive, clauses devised for limiting the right of an absolute proprietor in entails. Clause-rolls (klaz'rōlz), n. pl. Close Rolls. See under CLOSE. Claustral (klas'tral), a. [L.L. claustralis, from L. claustrum, an inclosure, and in late times a cloister, from claudo, to shut.] 1. Relating to a cloister; as, a claustral prior. See PRIOR.-2. Resembling a religious house in its seclusion; cloister-like; secluded. Clausular (klaz'ü-lér), a. [L. clausula. See CLAUSE.] Consisting of or having clauses. Clausule (kląz'ül), n. A little clause. Bp. Peacock. Same as Clausure (kląz'ür), n. [L. clausura. See CLAUSE] 1. The act of shutting up or confining; confinement. [Rare.] In some monasteries the severity of the clausure is hard to be borne. Dr. A. Geddes. 2. In anat. the absence of a perforation where it normally occurs -3.† An inclosure. Claut (klat), v.t. [Closely connected with clod, clot, a thick, round mass.] To rake or scrape together. Burns. [Scotch.] Claut (klat), n. 1. An instrument for raking or scraping together mire, weeds, &c. 2. What is so scraped together; a hoard scraped together by dirty work or niggardliness. [Scotch.] Burns. She has gotten a coof wi' a claut o' siller. Clavaria (kla-vā'ri-a), n. [L. clava, a club.] A genus of fungi, belonging to the division Hymenomycetes, and having a fleshy substance and a confluent stem; club-shaped fungus. Some species are edible. One species is called gray-goat's beard. Clavate, Clavated (klä'vāt, klā'vät-ed), a. [L. clava, a club; in second sense rather from clavus, a nail.] 1. In bot, and zool, clubshaped; having the form of a club; growing gradually thicker toward the top, as certain parts of a plant; claviform.-2. In anat. the term applied to a species of arti- Clavate. culation. See GOMPHOSIS. Clavati (kla-va'ti), n. pl. [L. clava, a club.] A family of fungi, belonging to the division Hymenomycetes, characterized by bearing basidiospores covering the tip and sides of branched or simple club-shaped receptacles. Clavation (kla-vā'shon), n. [See CLAVATE.] Same as Gomphosis. Clave (klav), pret. of cleave. Clave (klav), n. A kind of stool used by ship-carpenters. Clavecin (klav'e-sin), n. [Fr. clavecin, from It. clavicembalo, L. clavis, a key, and cym balum, a cymbal ] 1. A harpsichord. CLAW 2. One of the keys by means of which a player of carillons performs on the bells. Clavel, n. See CLAVY. Clavellated (klav'el-lat-ed), a. [L. L. clavellatus, from clavella, dim. of L. clava, a club, a billet of wood.] Relating to billets of wood.-Clavellated ashes, potash and pearlash, so termed from the billets or little clubs from which they are obtained by burning. Clavellinidæ (klav-el-lin'i-de), n. pl. [L. clavella, dim. of clava, a club, and Gr. eidos, likeness.] A family of social ascidians. Each individual has its own heart, respiratory apparatus, and digestive organs; but each is fixed on a footstalk that branches from a common creeping stem or stolon, through which a circulation takes place that connects them all. They are so transparent that their internal structure can be easily observed. They propagate both by ova and buds. Clavert (klā'vėr), n. Clover. The desert with sweet claver fills.' Sandys. Claver (klaver), v.i. [Allied to Dan. klaffe, to slander; G. klaffen, to chatter.] To talk idly and foolishly; to talk much and at random. [Scotch.] As gude a man. . . as ever ye heard claver in a pulpit. Sir W. Scott. Claver (klaver), n. 2. pl. Idle talk; gossip. [Scotch.] 1. An idle story. I have kend mony chapmen neglect their goods to carry clashes and clavers up and down, from one country-side to another. Sir W. Scott. Claviceps (klav'i-seps), n. [L. clava, a club, caput, a head.] A genus of fungi. Called also Cordiceps. See CORDICEPS and ERGOT, 2. Clavichord (klav'i-kord), n. [L. clavis, a key, and chorda, a string.] Same as Clarichord. Clavicle (klav'i-kl), n. [L. clavicula, a little key or fastener, from clavis, a key or lock] The collar-bone, forming one of the elements of the pectoral arch in vertebrate animals. In man and sundry quadrupeds there are two clavicles or collar-bones, each joined at one end to the scapula or shoulder-bone, and at the other to the sternum or breast-bone. In many quadrupeds the clavicles are absent or rudimentary, while in birds they are united in one piece, popularly called the 'merry-thought." Clavicorn (klav'i-korn), n. A member of the family Clavicornes. Clavicornes (klav-i-kor'nēz), n. pl. [L. clava, a club, and cornu, a horn.] A family of pentamerous beetles, so named from the antennæ being thickened at the apex so as to terminate in a club-shaped enlargement. The species are partly terrestrial and partly aquatic. The burying-beetles and bacon-beetles may be regarded as examples. Clavicular (kla-vik'u-lèr), a. Pertaining to the collar-bone or clavicle. Clavier (kla'vi-ér), n. [Fr. clavier, from L. clavis, a key.] In music, the key-board of a pianoforte, organ, harmonium, or other instrument whose keys are arranged on the same plan. Claviform (klav'i-form), a. [L. clara, a club, and forma, a shape.] Same as Clavate, 1. Clavigert (klav′i-jėr), n. 1. [L. clavis, a key, and gero, to carry.] One who keeps the keys of any place.-2. [L. clava, a club, and gero, to carry.] One who bears a club; a club-bearer. Clavigerous (kla-vij'èr-us), a. [See above.] Bearing a key. Clarke. Clavipalp (klav'i-palp), n. A member of the family Clavipalpi. Clavipalpi (klav'i-pal-pi), n. pl. [L. clara, a club, and palpi, feelers.] Same as Erotylidae. Clavis (kla'vis), n. [L., a key.] That which serves to unlock or explain any difficulty, as a translation of a foreign author; or that which serves to explain a cipher; a key. Clavula (klav'ú-la), n. [L., dim. of clava, a club.] In bot. the receptacle of certain fungi. Clavus (kla'vus), n. [L., a nail.] The disease produced in grains of rye and other grasses when they are changed to a brown or blackish colour by the action of the early state of the parasitical fungus Cordiceps (Claviceps) purpurea. See ERGOT. Clavy, Clavel (klav'i, klav'el), n. In arch. a mantel-piece. Claw (kla), n. [A. Sax. clawu, cla, a claw; cog. D. klaauw, a claw or paw, Icel Aló, Dan. and Sw, klo, G. klaue, à claw; probably allied to cleave, to adhere.] 1. The sharp hooked nail of a quadruped, bird, or other animal; or more generally, a hooked 2. The whole leg or foot of such animals (crustaceans, spiders, &c.) as have curved jointed legs usually terminating in a sharp point; in a special sense applied to the pincers of certain shell-fish, as the lobster, crab, &c.-3. The hand: in contempt. Johnson.-4. Anything shaped like the claw of an animal, as the crooked forked end of a hammer used for drawing nails.-5. In bot. the narrow base of a petal, especially when it is long, as in the pink and wallflower: in this sense called also Unguis (which see). Claw (kla), v.t. 1. To tear, scratch, pull, or seize with, or as with, claws or nails. Like wild beasts shut up in a cage, to claw and bite each other to their mutual destruction. Burke. 2. To relieve as if by scratching; to scratch, as an itching part, with intent to gratify. Look, whether the wither'd elder hath not his poll claw'd like a parrot. Shak Hence-3. To fawn on; to flatter. Rich men they claw, soothe up, and flatter; the poor they contemn and despise. Holland. -To claw off, to claw away, to rail at; to scold. Mr. Baxter .. claws off the Episcopal party as a set of Cassandrian priests. Bp. Nicholson. The jade Fortune is to be claw'd away for't, if you should lose it. Sir R. L'Estrange. Claw (kla), v.i. Naut. to beat to windward, to prevent falling on a lee shore or on another vessel: with off; hence, (fig.) to get off; to escape. Claw-backt (kla'bak), n. Lit. one who claws the back; one who flatters; a sycophant; a wheedler. Mir. for Mags. Claw-backt (klą’bak), a. Flattering. Bp. Hall. Claw-backt (kla'bak), v. t. To flatter. Warner. Clawed (klad), a. Furnished with claws. Claw-hammer (kla'ham-mér), n. A hammer so named from one end of it being divided into two claws, for convenience of drawing nails out of wood. Clawless (kla'les), a. Destitute of claws. Clawsick (kla'sik), a. Suffering, as sheep, from foot-rot or claw-sickness. Claw-sickness (kla'sik-nes), n. Foot-rot, a disease in cattle and sheep. Claw - wrench (kla'rensh), n. A wrench having a loose pivoted jaw and a relatively fixed one so arranged as to bite together when they are made to grip an object. Clay (kla), n. [A. Sax. clæg, Dan. klæg, L.G. klei, D. klai, klei, G. klei, clay. From a root signifying to stick or adhere, seen also in cleave, to adhere, clue, clog, clot, glue, L. gluten.] 1. The name common to various viscous earths, compounds of silica and alumina, sometimes with lime, magnesia, soda or potash, and metallic oxides. All the varieties are characterized by being firmly coherent, weighty, compact, and hard when dry, but stiff, viscid, and ductile when moist; smooth to the touch; not readily diffusible in water, and when mixed not readily subsiding in it. They contract by heat. Clays absorb water greedily, and become soft, but are so tenacious as to be moulded into any shape, and hence they are the materials of bricks and tiles, pottery, &c. There are many varieties of clay used for different purposes, as pipe-clay, potter's clay, brick clay, porcelain clay, &c.-2. In poetry and in Scrip. earth in general, especially as the material of the human body. I also am formed out of the clay. Job xxxiii. 6. Their spirits conquered when their clay was cold. F. Baillie. - Kimmeridge clay, Oxford clay, Weald clay. See these terms in their alphabetical places. Clay iron-ore, clay ironstone, one of the most valuable of the ferriferous rocks, from which iron is procured in great abundance. It occurs chiefly in the coal-measures of Scotland, Staffordshire, Shropshire, and Wales. Clay (kla), a. Formed or consisting of clay; as, a clay soil. Clay (kla), v.t. 1. To cover or manure with clay. The ground must be clayed again.' Mortimer.-2. To purify and whiten with clay, as sugar.-3. To puddle with clay. Clay-brained (klábránd), a. Doltish; stupid. Shak. Clay-built (kla'bilt), a. Built with clay. 'Clay-built cisterns. Dr. E. Darwin. 485 Clay-cold (klâ'kōld), a Cold as clay or earth; lifeless. Rowe; Mallet. Claye (klå), n. [Fr. claie, a hurdle.] In fort. a wattle or hurdle made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover lodgments. Clayed (klad), p. and a. 1. Covered or manured with clay; as, clayed lands.-2. Purifled and whitened with clay; as, clayed sugar. Clayey (kla'i), a. 1. Consisting of clay; abounding with clay; partaking of clay; like clay. A heavy or clayey soil." Derham. 2. Bedaubed or besmeared with clay. Wheat fields, one would think, cannot come to grow untilled-no man made clayey or made weary thereby. Carlyle. Clayish (kla'ish), a. Partaking of the nature of clay, or containing particles of it. 'Clayish water.' Harvey. Clay-kiln (klā’kil), n. A kiln or stove for burning clay. Clay-marl (klä’märl), n. A whitish, smooth, chalky clay. Clay-mill (klāʼmil), n. A mill for mixing and tempering clay; a pug-mill. Claymore (kla'mōr), n. [Gael. claidheammor, a broadsword - claidheam, a sword, and mor, great.] Formerly the large twohanded sword of the Scotch Highlanders; now a basket-hilted, double-edged broadsword. Clay-pit (kla'pit), n. A pit where clay is dug. Clay-slate (kla'slāt), n. In geol. a rock consisting of clay which has been hardened and otherwise changed, for the most part extremely fissile and often affording good roofing slate. In colour it varies from greenish or bluish-gray to lead colour. The cleavage is independent of the stratification. It rarely lies parallel to the bedding, generally crossing the strata at all angles. If a piece of slate be examined it will be found possible to continue the division until very thin scales are obtained. This peculiar structure is known as slaty cleavage. This rock, in Scotland, is characteristic of the Silurian formation. Clay-stone (klä'stön), n. An earthy felstone or felspathic rock of the igneous group; its harder varieties being formerly known as compact felspar. Its texture is porous, compact, or slaty. Its colour is white, gray, yellow, or blue; also rose or pale red, or brownish red, and sometimes greenish. Clead, Cleed (klēd), v.t. To clothe. [Provincial English and Scotch.] Cleading, Cleeding (klēd'ing), n. [A provincial E. and Sc. form of clothing.] 1.Clothing; that which clothes or covers; a covering. [Scotch.]-2. In engines, the jacket or outer covering of the cylinder; also, a timber casing inclosing the boiler of a locomotive engine and firebox; the covering of hair-felt put on steam-pipes to prevent the radiation of heat.-3. Any kind of plankcovering, such as the slating-boards of a roof, the boards of a floor, the plank lining of a pit-shaft, the planking of a coffer-dam, &c. Clean (klên), a. [A. Sax. clone, clean, pure, bright; cog. with W. glain, glan, Ir. and Gael. glan, clean, pure, radiant, the root being also seen probably in glance, &c.] 1. Clear of dirt or filth; having all uncleanness removed; unmixed with matter foreign to the substance itself; unadulterated; pure. 2. Free from what is injurious; without fault, imperfection, or defect; as, a clean garden; clean timber; a clean copy; a clean proof. 3. Clean-limbed; well-proportioned; shapely; lithe. Methought he had a pair Chaucer. Waller. 4. Free from awkwardness; not bungling; dexterous; adroit; as, a clean boxer; a clean leap; a clean trick.-5. Free from limitation or any modifying quality or circumstance; entire; complete. And when thou reapest the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of the field. Lev. xxiii. 22. 6. In whale-fishing, having no fish or oil aboard; as, a ship returned clean, that is, came back from the fishing without having captured whales or seals. 7. Free from moral impurity, guilt, or blame; innocent; sinless; holy. He knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.' Jn. xiii. 11.-8. Among the Jews, (a) of persons, free from ceremonial defilement. Lev. xii. 8. (b) Of animals and things, not caus CLEAR ing ceremonial defilement; specifically, of animals, not forbidden by the ceremonial law for use in sacrifice and for food. Lu. xi. 41; Gen. vii. 8. Clean bill of health, a document signed by the proper authorities certifying that there are no cases of infectious disease on board the ship to whose master it is granted. See under BILL. Clean (klên), adv. [A. Sax. clone, clean, entirely. See above.] 1. Quite; perfectly; wholly; entirely; fully. The people passed clean over Jordan. Josh. iii. 17. Is his mercy clean gone for ever? Ps. lxxvii. 8. 2. Without miscarriage; dexterously. [Obsolescent.] Pope came off clean with Homer. Rev. F. Henley. Clean (klên), v.t. [A. Sax. clanan. See the adjective.] To make clean; to remove all foreign matter from; to purify; to cleanse. Time enough to clean our ship's bottom.' Dampier. Cleaned their vigorous wings.' Thomson. To clean out, to deprive of all available means; to exhaust the pecuniary resources of. [Colloq.] (Bentley) must have been pretty well cleaned out. De Quincey, Cleaner (klen'èr), n. One who or that which cleans. Clean-handed (klēn ́hand-ed), a. 1. Having clean hands.-2. Fig. free from moral taint or suspicion; as, he did come out of the transaction clean-handed. Cleaning (klen'ing), n. 1. The act of making clean.-2. The after-birth of cows, ewes, &c. Cleanlily (klen'li-li), adv. In a cleanly manner. [Rare.] Clean-limbed (klēn'limd), a. Having wellproportioned limbs; lithe; lissome. 'A clean-limbed fellow.' Dickens. Cleanliness (klen'li-nes), n. The state or quality of being cleanly; freedom from dirt, filth, or any foul extraneous matter. The cleanliness of its streets.' Addison. Such cleanliness from head to heel.' Swift. Cleanly (klen'li), a. [From clean.] 1. Free from dirt, filth, or any foul matter; neat; carefully avoiding filth. Neat and cleanly.' Shak. Some plain, but cleanly country maid.' Dryden.-2. Free from injurious or polluting influence; pure; innocent. 'Cleanly joys. Glanville.-3. † Cleansing; making clean. The fair Prior. With cleanly powder dry their hair. 4. Nice; artful; dexterous; adroit. 'Cleanly play. Spenser. Cleanly evasion.' Sir R. L'Estrange. Cleanly (klen'li), adv. 1. In a clean manner; neatly; without filth. He was very cleanly dressed.' Dickens.-2. Purely; innocently. Shak.-3. Cleverly; adroitly; dexterously. To have a quick hand and convey things cleanly.' Middleton. Cleanness (klēn'nes), n. The state or quality of being clean: (a) freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign matter; neatness. (b) Freedom from ceremonial pollution. No scrupulous purity, none of the ceremonial cleanness which characterizes the diction of our academical pharisees. Macaulay. (c)+ Exactness; purity; justness; correctness: used of language or style. Cleanness of expression. Dryden. (d) Purity; innocence. 'The cleanness and purity of one's mind.' Pope. Cleansable, Cleansible (klenz'a-bl, klenz'i-bl), a. Capable of being cleansed. Sherwood. [Rare.] Cleanse (klenz), v. t. pret. & pp. cleansed; ppr.cleansing. (A. Sax. clansian, from clone, clean.] 1. To purify; to make clean; to free from filth, impurity, guilt, infection, or generally whatever is unseemly, noxious, or offensive. Cleanse thou me from secret faults. Ps. xix. 12. 2. To remove; to purge away. Not all her odorous tears can cleanse her crime. Cleanser (klenz'èr), n. One who or that which cleanses. |