ALBATA Albata (al-ba'ta), n. [L. albus, white.] An alloy consisting of a combination of nickel, zinc, tin, and copper, often with antimony and silver, united in various proportions. It is a white metal, resembling silver in appearance, and is made into spoons, forks, teapots, &c. Called also British Plate and German-silver. He was not the genuine article, but a substitute, a kind of albata. G. A. Sala. Albatros, Albatross (al'ba-tros), n. [Fr. albatros, in Flacourt and Dampier algatros, a corruption of Sp. Pg. alcatraz, originally a pelican, but also applied to other aquatic birds. Marcel Devic (in supplement to Littré's Dictionary) takes alcatraz to be equivalent to Pg. alcatruz (Ar. al-qādus), the bucket of a noria or water-wheel, this term being applied to the pelican for the same reason that the Arabs call it saqqa or water-carrier, from being supposed to carry water to its young ones in the pouch below its bill. ] An aquatic natatorial bird, family Procellariada, of which the wandering albatros (Diomedea exulans) is Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans). the best known species. The bill is straight; the upper mandible crooked at the point, and the lower one truncated; the nostrils are oval, open and little prominent, and placed on the sides; the wings are pennated, and there are three webbed toes on each foot. The upper part of the body is of a spotted brown, and the belly white. It is the largest sea-bird known, some measuring 17 feet from tip to tip of their expanded wings. They abound at the Cape of Good Hope and in Behring's Straits, and have been known to accompany ships for whole days without ever resting on the waves. From this habit it is regarded with feelings of attachment and superstitious awe by sailors, it being reckoned unlucky to kill one. Coleridge has availed himself of this feeling in his Ancient Mariner.' Albe, Albee,t adv. Albeit. Spenser. Albeit (al-be'it), conj. [A compound of the old al in the sense of though, be, and it, and equivalent to be it so; comp. Chaucer's 'al speke he,' 'al have I;' he also uses the fuller form 'al be it so that.'] Be it so; admit all that; although; notwithstanding. Whereas ye say, The Lord saith it, albeit I have not spoken. Ezek. xiii. 11. Albeit so masked, I speak the truth. Tennyson. Alberia (al-be'ri-a), n. [L. albus, white.] In her. a shield without ornament or armorial bearings, so called from being white. Albert, Albert-chain (al'bért, äl'bért-chan), n. [After the Prince Consort, Albert.] A short chain attaching the watch to a waistcoat button-hole, where it is secured by a bar or hook. Albescent (al-bes'ent), a. [L. albesco, to grow white, an incept. from albus, white. ] Becoming white or rather whitish; moderately white; of a pale, hoary aspect. Albicore (al'be-kör), n. Same as Albacore. Albification (al'bi-fi-ka"shon), n. [L. albus, white, and facio, to make.] The act or process of making white. Chaucer. Albigenses, Albigeois (al-bi-jens'ez, al-bezhwa), n. pl. A party of reformers who separated from the Church of Rome in the twelfth century, and were ruthlessly persecuted; so called from Albigeois, a small territory round Albi, a town of Languedoc in France, where they resided. Albin (al'bin), n. [L. albus, white.] A mineral of an opaque white colour, regarded as a variety of Bohemian apophyllite. Albinism, Albinoism (al'bin-izm, al-bi'nōizm), n. The state or condition of an albino; leucopathy. The peculiarity of albinism or leucopathy is always born with the individual, and may occur among men of any colour. Nor is it confined to the human race, having been observed also in horses, rabbits, rats, mice, &c., birds (white crows and blackbirds are not sects. 66 particularly uncommon), fishes, and perhaps also inPop. Ency. Albino (al-bi'no), n. pl. Albinos or Albinoes (al-bi'nōz). [Pg., from L. albus, white.] A person of pale, milky complexion, with light hair and pink eyes. This abnormal condition appears to depend on an absence of the minute particles of colouring matter which ordinarily occur in the lowest and last deposited layers of the epidermis or outer skin. Albinos occasionally occur among all races of men. The term is also applied to animals characterized by the same peculiarity in physical constitution. See ALBINISM. Albion (al'bi-on), n. [Celt. albain-alb, alp, height, cliff, and bàn, white; a name given to the island presumably from the white cliffs of the south coast, the first object seen by the early immigrants. Grimm regards alb, alp, a height, as related to alb (L. albus), white, as indicating the whiteness of snowclad summits.] An ancient name of Britain, gradually restricted to Scotland; still frequently used in poetry as equivalent to Britain. Albite (al'bit), n. [L. albus, white.] Tetrartoprismatic felspar; soda felspar. A name given to felspar whose alkali is soda instead of potash. Albite forms a constituent part of the greenstone rocks in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, and of Aberdeen granite. Alborak (al-bo'rak), n. [Ar. al-burak, from al, the article, and baraka, to flash, barkum, lightning, splendour.] The white mule on which Mohammed is said to have journeyed from the temple of Jerusalem to heaven. Albuginea (al-bu-jin'ē-a), n. [See ALBUGINEOUS] In anat. the white fibrous coating of the eye; the white; also, a tough fibrous coating of the testicle. Albugineous (al-bu-jin'ē-us), a. [Fr. albugineux, from L. albugo, albuginis, whiteness, from albus, white.] Pertaining to or resembling the white of the eye or of an egg.Albugineous humour, the aqueous humour of the eye. -Albugineous tunic, the external covering of the eyeball, the albuginea. Albuginous (al-bu'jin-us), a. Same as Albugineous. Sir T. Browne. Albugo (al-bu'go), n. [L., from albus, white.] The disease of the eye, otherwise called Leucoma (which see). Album (album), n. [L., from albus, white.] 1. In Rom. antiq. a white tablet, on which the names of public officers and also public transactions were written down.-2. A book, originally blank, in which may be inserted autographs of celebrated persons or favourite pieces of poetry or prose, generally contributed by friends.-3. A blank book with ornamental binding for preserving photographic views, cartes de visite, &c.-4. In law, white or silver money paid as rent. Albumen (al-bu'men), n. [L., from albus, white.] In physiol. a substance so named from the Latin for the white of an egg, in which it abounds in its purest natural state, serving as the type of the protein compounds or the nitrogenous class of food stuffs. It is a proximate principle, entering largely into the composition of the animal and vegetable fluids and solids, is coagulable by heat at and above 160°, and is composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, with a little sulphur. It abounds in the serum of the blood, the vitreous and crystalline humours of the eye, the fluid of dropsy, the substance called coagulable lymph, in nutritive matters, the juice of flesh, &c. The blood contains about 7 per cent. of albumen. It is the starting-point of all the tissues. Vegetable albumen exists in most vegetable juices and many seeds, and has the same composition and properties as animal. Albumen is used to clarify syrupy liquors, and to fix colours in printing. In cookery white of eggs is employed for clarifying, but in large operations like sugar-re- Albumen-Secfining the serum of blood is tion of a grain used. With lime it forms a of Wheat. cement to mend broken ware. In bot. the name is applied to the farinaceous matter which surrounds the embryo. It constitutes the meat of the cocoa-nut, the flour or meal of cereals, the roasted part of coffee, &c. Albumen exists either as soluble or as insoluble albumen. The former variety is converted into the latter by the action of heat. Albumenize (al-bü'men-iz), v. t. pret. & pp. ALCEDINIDE albumenized; ppr. albumenizing. To convert into albumen; to cover or impregnate with albumen, as paper with the white of an egg for photographic purposes. Album Græcum (album gre'kum), n. The dung of dogs, wolves, hyænas, &c., which, from exposure to the air, becomes white like chalk. It was formerly used as a medicine, and is still used by tanners to soften leather. Albuminin (al-bu'min-in), n. Oonin; the substance of the cells inclosing the white of birds' eggs. It contains no nitrogen, and dissolves in caustic potash. Albuminoid (al-bu'min-oid), a. [L. albumen, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] Like albumen. Albuminoid (al-bü'min-oid), n. A substance resembling albumen. Same as Proteid (which see). Albuminose, Albuminous (al-bu'min-ōs, al-bü'min-us), a. 1. Pertaining to or having the properties of albumen.-2. In bot. applied to plants whose seeds have a store of albumen, as all kinds of grain, palms, &c. Albuminousness (al-bü'min-us-nes), n. The state of being albuminous. Albuminuria (al-bu'mi-nü"ri-a), n. [L. albumen, and Gr. ouron, urine.] In med. a granular disease of the cortical part of the kidney, which gives occasion to the secretion of urine that contains albumen. Alburn (al'bêrn), n. Same as Alburnum. Alburn (al'bern), n. [L. alburnus, from albus, white.] A name sometimes given to the fish more commonly called the Bleak. Alburnitas (al-bér'ni-tas), n. A disease in trees, in which the wood remains like alburnum. Alburnous (al-bèr'nus), a. Relating to ald burnum. Alburnum (al-bêr' num), n. [Lalburnum, sapwood, from albus, white.] The white and softer part of the wood of exogenous plants between the inner bark and the heart-wood. It is frequently called Sapwood, and is gradually transformed into heart-wood or dura a a, Alburnum or sapwood. bb, Heart-wood. c, Pith. dd, Bark. Alcaic (al-ka'ik), a. [L. alcaicus.] Pertaining to Alcæus, a lyric poet of Mitylene, in Lesbos, who flourished about the close of the seventh and beginning of the sixth century B.C.-Alcaic verse. See next article. Alcaic (al-ka'ik), n. A variety of verse used in Greek and Latin poetry, so called from Alcæus, the inventor; also, a line written in this measure. It consists of five feet, a spondee or iambus, an iambus, a long syllable, and two dactyls. Alcaid (al-kad), n. [Sp. and Pg. alcaide, a governor-Ar. al, the, and qaid, chief, governor, kada, to lead.] In Spain, Portugal, &c., a commander of a fortress; the chief civil magistrate of a town or city; also, a jailer. Alcalde (al-käl'dā), n. [Sp., from Ar. alqadi, the judge, from gada, to judge.] A Spanish magistrate or judge. Alcali. Same as Alkali (which see). Alcanna (al-kan'na), n. [Sp., from Ar. alhinna, henna.] Same as Henna. Alcarraza (al-ka-rä'za; Sp. pron. äl-kä-rä'tha), n. [Sp., from Ar. al-kurráz, an earthen vessel.] A vessel made of a species of porous pottery manufactured in Spain for the purpose of cooling water. Alcazar (al-kä'zär, Sp. pron. äl-kä'thär), n [Sp., a castle, a fort, a quarter-deck, from the Arabic.] A fortress: applied also to the royal palaces in Spain, even when not fortified. In the ancient alcazar of the Moors he found a stately residence. Prescott. Alcedinidæ (al-se-din'i-dē), n. pl. A family of fissirostral insessorial birds, the kingfishers, typical genus Alcedo. Called also Haleyonida. ALCEDO Alcedo (al-se'do), n. [L. alcedo, alcyon, a kingfisher. See HALCYON.] The kingfisher; a genus of birds, family Alcedinidæ. KINGFISHER See Alces (al'sés), n. [L. alces, Gr. alke, an elk.] A genus of animals of the Cervidae or deer family, characterized by short and thick neck, thick and brittle hair, a mane on throat, and by having a tuft of hair above the middle of the metatarsal bones of the hind-leg, the elk. It is the size of a horse, and inhabits Russia, Poland, Sweden, and Norway, but particularly the north of North America See ELK. Alchemic, Alchemical (al-kem'ik, al-kem'ik-al), a Relating to or produced by alchemy. Alchemically (al-kem'ik-al-li), adv. In the manner of alchemy. Lully would prove it alchemically. Camden. Alchemilla (al-ké-mil'la), n. [Arabic name al-kemelyeh, it being supposed to have wonderful alchemic properties.] A genus of plants, nat. order Rosaceae; lady's-mantle. They are herbs, with lobed leaves and small yellow or green flowers. See LADY'S-MAN TLE Alchemist (al'kem-ist), n. One who practises alchemy. You are an alchemist; make gold of that. Shak. Alchemistic, Alchemistical (al-kem-ist'ik, al-kem-ist'ik-al), a. Relating to or practising alchemy. Alchemize (al'kem-iz), v.t. To change by alchemy; to transmute, as metals. Lovelace. [Rare ] Alchemy, Alchymy (al'ke-mi, al'ki-mi), n. [Ar. al, the, and kimia, chemistry. See CHEMISTRY.] 1. Chemistry. (Alchemy was never at any time anything different from chemistry. Liebig.) Hence, from the fact that the early chemists were often deficient in their theoretical views, and pursued in their experiments delusive ends, such as the discovery of the philosopher's stone, which, being mixed with the baser metals, was to transmute them into gold, to be a panacea or universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest or universal solvent, it came to mean, specifically-2 The doctrines and practice of those who dabbled in such arts.-3. Formerly, a mixed metal used for utensils. It was a modification of brass; so called becanse believed to have been originally formed by the art of alchemy: used figuratively by Milton for a trumpet. Alchymistic, Alchymistical (al-kim-ist'ik, al-kim-istik-al), a. Same as Alchemistic, Alchemistical. Alchymy (al'ki-mi), n. Same as Alchemy. Alcide (al'si-de), n. pl. [L.L. alca, an auk. See AUK.] The auk family, a family of natatorial sea-birds, distinguished by a longish bill, mostly curved toward the tip, wings short, tail short and graduated, hind toe small or absent, comprehending the subfamilies Alcine (auks proper), Spheniscinæ (penguins), and trina (guillemots). Alcinae (al-si'né), n. pl. The auks, a subfamily of natatorial sea-birds, family Alcidæ, distinguished by a shorter bill than in the penguins and guillemots, compressed and boldly keeled above and below, by having the tip of the upper mandible hooked, and by narrow nostrils. Wings moderate, first quill largest. The hind toe is absent. It comprehends the genera Alca or auks proper, and Fratercula or puffins. Alemanian (alk-ma'ni-an), a. [L. alema nianus] Pertaining to Alcman, a Greek lyric poet of the seventh century B.C., celebrated for his amorous verses.-Alemanian verse (Alemanianum metrum), in pros. a verse consisting of two dactyls and two trochees Alco (alko), n. A small variety of dog with a small head and large pendulous ears, found wild in Mexico and Peru, and now domesticated Alcoate, Alcohate (al'ko-át, al'ko-hat), n. Same as Alcoholate. Alcohol (al'ko-hol), n. [Sp. Pg. alcohol-Ar. al, the, and kohl, a fine powder of antimony 67 applied by orientals to the eyes. On account of the fineness of this powder the name is said to have been transferred to anything very fine or purified, as rectified spirits.] (C2H6O.) A liquid forming the intoxicating principle of all vinous and spirituous liquors. It is formed by the fermentation of aqueous sugar solutions, and by the destructive distillation of organic bodies, as coal. It has also been produced by causing water (H2O) to combine chemically with olefiant gas (CH), the method adopted being to shake the gas with strong sulphuric acid, and afterwards to dilute the mixture with water and distil. Having been first procured from wine, the name of spirit of wine is given to the strongest alcoholic found in commerce, containing about 90° per cent. of pure alcohol. Absolute or pure alcohol is a transparent fluid, of a pleasant spirituous smell and burning taste; sp. gr. 0793 at 60° F. It has never been frozen, but it becomes viscid at very low temperatures. It is very inflammable, and mixes with water in all proportions, is a solvent of all bodies which are rich in hydrogen, as organic bases, resins, and oils, and as such much used in chemical operations, and for the preparation of druggists' tinctures; and is a powerful stimulant and antiseptic. It is employed in filling thermometers for low temperatures. By volume 55 parts of alcohol and 45 of water, or 49-2 parts by weight of alcohol and 50:8 of water, form proof spirit. Under-proof and overproof are the designations of weaker or stronger solutions. Alcohol, mixed with various proportions of water, essential oils, sugar, and extracts, forms the different kinds of alcoholic drinks known as ardent spirits, wine, beer, &c. Spirits, as whisky, brandy, &c., contain 40 to 50 per cent. of absolute alcohol; wines, from 17 to 7 or 8; strong ale and porter, 6 to 8; and small beer, 1 per cent. Alcohol is also the general name given to a series of chemical compounds, all of which are constituted similarly. Alcoholate (al'ko-hol-at), n. A salt in which alcohol appears to replace the water of crystallization. Alcoholic (al-kō-hol'ik), a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities. Alcoholic (al-ko-hol'ik), n. An alcoholic liquid. Alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm), n. The condition of habitual drunkards, whose tissues are saturated with spirits. Called also Chronic Alcoholism. Alcoholization (al-ko-hol'iz-a "shon), n. 1. The act of rectifying spirit till it is wholly deprived of impurities.-2. The act of reducing a substance to an impalpable powder. Johnson. Alcoholize (al'ko-hol-iz), v. t. 1. To convert into alcohol; to rectify spirit till it is wholly purified.-2. To reduce to an impalpable powder. Johnson. Alcoholmeter (al-kō-hol'mē-ter), n. Same as Alcoholometer. Alcoholometer, Alcohometer (al'kō-holom'et-ér, al'ko-hom"et-ér), n. [Alcohol, and Gr. metron, measure.] An instrument for determining the quantity of pure alcohol in any liquid, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage, either by weight or volume. Alcoholometrical, Alcohometrical (al'kö-ho-lo-met'rik-al, al'ko-ho-met"rik-al), a. Relating to the alcoholometer; as, alcoholometrical tables. Alcoholometry, Alcoometry (al'kō-holom"et-ri, al'ko-om"et-ri), n. The process of estimating the percentage of pure or absolute alcohol in a spirituous liquid. Alcoometer (al-ko-om'et-ér), n. [Fr. alcoometre.] Same as Alcoholometer (which see). Alcoran (al'ko-ran or al'ko-ran). See KoRAN and ALKORAN. Alcoranic (al-kō-ran'ik or al-kō-ran'ik), a. Relating to the Alcoran or Mohammedanism. Alcoranish (al-kō-ran'ish or al-kō-ran'ish), a. Belonging to the Koran or Alcoran, or to Mohammedanism. 'Some Alcoranish doctors. Sir T. Herbert. Alcoranist (al-kō-ran'ist or al-kō-ran'ist), n. A strict adherent to the letter of the Koran or Alcoran. Alcove (al'kov), n. [Sp. alcoba, Fr. alcoveAr. al, the, and kubbeh, an alcove, a little chamber.] A recess; especially, (a) a wide and deep recess in a room, usually separated from it by a screen of columns, by a balus room. More rarely, (b) a lateral recess in a library for the reception of books. (c) An arched or covered seat in a garden. (d) Any natural recess, as a recess in a grove or wood, a small bay, a place nearly inclosed by rocks, hills, and the like. [Chiefly poetical.] On mossy banks, beneath the citron grove, The youthful wand'rers found a wild alcove. Falconer. Alcyon (al'si-on), n. An old or poetical name of the kingfisher. Same as Halcyon (which see). Alcyonaria (al'si-o-na"ri-a), n. pl. [See ALCYONIUM.] An order of actinozoan corals, distinguished by six or eight broad leaf-like tentacles, arranged round the mouth like the rays of a star-fish (whence their alternative name Asteroida). They inhabit a polypidom, and consist of a fleshy external layer, supported on a calcareous axis secreted from the outer surface of the animal, and embrace the organ-pipe corals, the Alcyonidæ or dead-men's fingers, the Gorgon 1, Sea-fan (Gorgonia flabellum). 2, Sea-pen (Pennatula phosphorea). 3, Cornularia rugosa. idæ or sea-fans, and the sea-pens. Some species very much resemble sponges; others are like fans, feathers, &c. Technically they are called Sclerobasic Zoantharia. Alcyonic (al-si-on'ik), a. Pertaining to the Alcyonidae (which see). Alcyonidæ, Alcyoneæ (al-si-on'i-dē, al-sione-e), n. pl. [See ALCYONIUM.] A family of asteroid polypes, somewhat resembling the sponges. Alcyonium digitatum, called variously, from its occasional form, deadman's hand or cow's paps, is the type. They are found in all seas and at various depths. Alcyonite (al'si-on-it), n. A fossil alcyonium; one of the spongiferous fossils common in the chalk formation. Alcyonium (al-si-o'ni-um), n. [L.alcyonium, Gr. alkyonion, alkyoneion, a zoophyte so called from its resemblance to the Halcyon's nest. See HALCYON.] A genus of asteroid polypes or Actinozoa, belonging to the family Alcyonidæ (which see). Alcyonoid (al'si-on-oid), n. A member of the family Alcyonidae or Alcyoneæ. Written also Halcyonoid. Aldebaran (al-deb'är-an), n. [Ar. name, from al, the, debaran, coming behind: so called, it is said, because it comes behind the remarkable group of the Pleiades.] A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Taurus. Vulgarly called the Bull's ALDEHYDE Eye. It is the bright star in the group of five called the Hyads. Aldehyde, Aldehyd (al'de-hid), n. [Al, first syllable of alcohol, and dehyd, the first two of dehydrogenatus, deprived of hydrogen.] 1. A transparent colourless liquid (CHO) produced by the oxidation of pure alcohol. It is alcohol minus two atoms of hydrogen. It has a suffocating odour, and is so volatile that it boils by the warmth of the hand. When exposed to air or oxygen it becomes entirely converted into acetic acid or vinegar, by the addition of one atom of oxygen. Called also Acetic Aldehyde.-2. One of a class of organic compounds, intermediate between alcohols and acids, derived from alcohol by the abstraction of two atoms of hydrogen, and converted into acids by the addition of one atom of oxygen. They are all liquids except one, which is a fatty solid. They are called benzoic, acetic, butyric, &c., aldehydes. Aldehydic (al-de-hid'ik), a. Of or pertaining to or containing aldehyde. Alder (al'der), n. [O. and Prov. E. aller, eller, &c.; A. Sax. alr, aler, alor, alr; Icel. elrir, elri, ölr; N. older, elle; Sw. al; Sw. dial. alder; G. eller, erle; all allied to L. alnus, an alder, and to D. and G. else, Slav. olsza, olsche, an alder. The d is inserted in the same way as in alder for aller, old genit. pl. of all. Šee next art. and ELDER, the tree.] The popular name of plants of the genus Alnus, nat. order Betulaceæ. A. glutinosa is the common alder, usually growing in moist land. The wood of the alder has Alder (Alnus glutinosa). the quality of long endurance under water. It is chiefly used for hurdle-wood and the manufacture of charcoal. See ALNUS. Berry-bearing or black alder, the alderbuckthorn, or Rhamnus Frangula. Red alder, the name given at the Cape of Good Hope to Cunonia capensis. White alder, the North American name for Clithra alnifolia. Alder, Aller+ (al'dér, al'èr), a. The ancient genitive plural of all; in A. Sax. eal, genit. pl. ealra, alra. It was also written Alther. It was formerly prefixed to adjectives in the superlative; as, alder-first, first of all; alderbest, best of all; alder-liefest or alder-lievest, dearest of all. It is largely used by Chaucer. 'You, mine alder-liefest sovereign.' Shak. A-morwe when the day began to spring, Up rose our hoste, and was our aller cok. Chaucer. Alder-buckthorn (al'dér-buk-thorn), n. A British plant of the genus Rhamnus, nat. order Rhamnacea, the R. Frangula. It is a shrub 3 to 10 feet high, and grows in woods and thickets. See RHAMNUS. Alderman (al'dér-man), n. pl. Aldermen (al'der-men). [A. Sax. aldorman, ealdorman -ealdor, an elder, from eald, old, and man.] 1. Among our Anglo-Saxon ancestors, a person of rank or dignity, a prince, a nobleman. It was originally used as a name of dignity unconnected with office, but in later times the title had a more specific sense, and was applied to the members of the Anglo-Saxon nobility next in rank to the king, and at the head of the government of the shires or other districts as well as of cities and boroughs.-2. In present usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next in rank below the mayor, possessing a certain judicial authority as well as municipal administrative powers. The number of aldermen is different in different cities, but by 5 and 6 Will. IV. lxxvi. they must be one-third of the councillors. The corresponding title in Scotland is bailie.-3. Half-a-crown: a meaning explained by Brewer as containing an allusion to the fact that an alderman is a sort of half-king. [Slang.]-4. A turkey. [Slang.] An alderman in chains, a turkey 68 hung with sausages. [Slang.]-Alderman's pace, a slow stately pace, equivalent to the French pas d'abbé. Aldermancy (al'der-man-si), n. The office of an alderman. Aldermanic (al'der-man'ik), a. Relating to or becoming an alderman. Aldermanity (al'der-man'i-ti), n. 1. Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen. B. Jonson.-2. The dignity or qualities of an alderman. Aldermanlike (al'der-man-lik), a. Like an alderman. Aldermanly (al'der-man-li), a. Pertaining to or like an alderman. Aldermanry (al'der-man-ri), n. The office or quality of an alderman. Aldermanship (al'dér-man-ship), n. The condition of an alderman. Fabyan. Aldern (al'dèrn), a. Made of alder. Then aldern boats first plowed the ocean. May. Aldine (al'din), a. A term applied to those editions, chiefly of the classics, which proceeded from the press of Aldus Manutius, of Venice, and his family, from 1490 to 1597. The distinguishing mark is an anchor entwined with a dolphin, generally with the motto sudavit et alsit (he has sweated and frozen, that is, he has endured all extremes of hardship). The term has been also applied to certain editions of English works. Aldrian, tn. A star in the neck of the Lion. Chaucer. Ale (al), n. [A. Sax. eale, ealu, eala; Dan. Sw. and Icel. öl, ale. In the O. Icel. öl is used of any intoxicating drink, and Wedgwood derives it from a root meaning to drink, seen in Gael. òl, to drink.] 1. A liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation. It is of different sorts, chiefly pale and brown, the first made from malt slightly dried, the second from malt more considerably dried or roasted. It is usually made with barley, but sometimes with wheat, rye, millets, oats, &c. Pale ale is made with the palest hops, and the fermenting temperature is kept below 72° to prevent the formation of acetic acid.-2. A merry meeting in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk. At wakes and ales.' B. Jonson. 3. An ale-house. O, Tom, that we were now at Putney, at the ale there. Thom. Lord Cromwell. -Medicated ales are those which are prepared for medicinal purposes by an infusion of herbs during fermentation. Aleak (a-lek), adv. In a leaking state. Aleatory (al'e-a-to-ri), a. [L. alea, a die, chance. Depending on a contingent event. -Aleatory contract, in law, an agreement of which the conditions depend on an uncertain event. Aleatory sale, a sale the completion of which depends on the happening of some uncertain event. Aleavement + (a-lev'ment), n. Alleviation. Yet this is some aleavement to my sorrow. Ale-bench (al'bensh), n. A bench in or before an ale-house. 'Sit on their ale-bench with their cups and cans.' Sir John Oldcastle. Ale-berry (al'be-ri), n. A beverage formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread. Ale-brewer (al'brö-ér), n. One whose occupation is to brew ale. Alecampane (al-e-kam-pan'), n. A kind of coarse sweetmeat. See ELECAMPANE, 2. Ale-conner (al'kon-ér), n. [Ale, and con, to know or see.] Originally, an officer appointed to assay ale and beer, and to take care that they were good and wholesome, and sold at a proper price. The duty of the ale-conners of London now is to inspect the measures used in public-houses, to prevent frauds in selling liquors. Four of these are chosen annually by the liverymen, in common hall, on midsummer's day. Ale-cost (al'kost), n. Costmary, a plant (Balsamita vulgaris) put into ale to give it an aromatic flavour. See COSTMARY. Alector (a-lek'ter), n. [Gr. alektör, a cock.] A genus of gallinaceous birds, commonly called curassows, family Cracidæ. They are peculiar to the New World, and somewhat resemble turkeys. See CURASSOW. Alectoria (a-lek-to'ri-a), n. [Gr. alektör, a cock.] 1. Cock-stone; a peculiar stone, supposed to be sometimes found in the stomach or liver of an aged cock or capon. Many virtues were attributed to it, but these, as well as the origin of the stone, are imaginary. 2. A genus of lichens. A. jubata, or rock hair, grows on trees and rocks, and affords food for the reindeer during deep snow. ALEMBROTH Alectoromachy,t Alectryomachyt (a-lek'tor-om"a-ki,a-lek'tri-om"a-ki), n. [Gr.alektör, a cock, and mache, a fight.] Cock-fighting. Alectryomancy, Alectoromancy (a-lektri-o-man-si, a-lek'to-ro-man-si), n. [Gr. alektryōn, a cock, and manteia, divination.] An ancient practice of foretelling events by means of a cock. The letters of the alphabet were traced on the ground, and a grain of corn placed on each; a cock was then permitted to pick up the grains, and the letters under the grains selected, being formed into words, were supposed to foretell the event. Ale-draper + (al'dra-pèr), n. A humorous name for a keeper of an ale-house; one who sells ale: probably from the ancient custom of measuring ale by the yard. See ALE-YARD. I get mee a wife; with her a little money; when we are married, seeke a house we must; no other occupation have I but to be an ale-draper. Henry Chettle. Alee (a-le'), adv. [Prefix a, on or at, and lee. See LEE. Naut. on the side opposite to that on which the wind strikes: opposite of a-weather. The helm of a ship is alee when pressed close to the lee-side.-Hard alee, or luff alee, an order to put the helm to the lee-side.-Helm's alee, that is, the helm is alee, a notice given as an order to the seamen to cause the head-sails to shake in the wind with a view to bring the ship about. Ale-fed (al'fed), p. and a. Nourished with ale. The growth of his ale-fed corps." Stafford. Aleft (a-left'), adv. [Prefix a, on, and left.] On or to the left. Southey. [Rare.] Alegar (al'ē-gér), n. [Ale, and eager, Fr. aigre, sour.] Sour ale; vinegar made of ale. [Rare.] For not, after consideration, can you ascertain what liquor it is you are imbibing; whether... Hawkin's entire, or, perhaps, some other great brewer's pennyswipes, or even alegar. Carlyle. Alege,t Alegge, tv.t. [See ALLAY.] To allay: to alleviate; to soothe; to assuage. The joyous time now nigheth fast That shall alegge this bitter blast. Alegeaunce, n. [See ALEGE.] Spenser. Allevia tion. Chaucer. Aleger + (al'e-jér), a. [Fr. allègre, L. alacris, sprightly.] Gay; cheerful; sprightly. Coffee, the root and leaf betle, and tobacco. do all condense the spirits and make them strong and aleger. Bacon. Ale-gill (al'jil), n. [See GILL.] A kind of medicated liquor from the infusion of ground-ivy in malt liquor. Ale-glass (al'glas), n. A glass from which ale is drunk. Come, all you brave wights, that are dubbed aleknights Know malt is of mickle might. Wit's Recreations Alemannic (al-e-man'ik), a. [L. Alemanni, from two German words signifying all men. Comp. Fr. Allemagne, Germany.] Belonging to the Alemanni, a military confederacy of several German tribes who began to appear on the Lower and Middle Maine about the beginning of the third century. Alemannic (al-e-man'ik), n. The language of the Alemanni, or ancient people of Germany. Alembdar (a-lem'där), n. In Turkey, an officer who bears the green standard of Mohammed when the sultan appears in public. Alembic (a-lem'bik), n. [L.L. alembicum; Sp.alambique-Ar.al, the,ambik, an alembic, from Gr. ambix, ambikos, a cup, a beaker, the cap of a still.] A chemical vessel formerly used in distillation, usually made of glass or copper. The bottom part, containing the liquor to be distilled, was called the matrass or cucurbit; the upper part, which received and condensed the volatile products, was called the head or capital, the beak of which was fitted to the neck of a receiver. The head was more properly the alembic. It is now superseded by the retort and worm-still Alembroth (a-lem'broth), n. [Chal, lit. Alembic. ALENÇON LACE key of art. The salt of wisdom of the alchemists; a double chloride of mercury and ammonia, from which the old white precipitate of mercury is made. Although poisonous it was formerly used as a stimulant Alençon Lace (a-län-son läs), n. A kind of French lace, with, a six-sided mesh of two threads, made of pure, hand-spun linen thread; it is the richest, strongest, finest, and most expensive of the French laces, and is surpassed only by that of Brussels. It receives its name from Alençon, the chief town of the department of the Orne. Called also Alençon Point. Alength + (a-length), adv. [Prefix a, on, at, and length.] At full length, along; stretched at full length. Alepidote (a-lep'i-dot), a. [Gr. a, priv., and lepia, a scale. Not having scales; as, an alepidote fish. See Alepidote (a-lep'i-dot), n. Any fish whose skin is not covered with scales. Ale-pole, Ale-post (al'pol, àl'post), n. ALE-STAKE. The term ale-pole was sometimes applied to the May-pole. Ale-pot (al'pot), n. A pot or mug for holding ale. A clean cloth was spread before him, with knife, fork, and spoon, salt-cellar, pepper-box, glass, and pewter ale pot. Dickens. Aleppine (a-lep'pin), a. Pertaining to Aleppo, a city of Asiatic Turkey, or its inhabitants Aleppine (a-lep'pin), n. A native or inhabitant of Aleppo. Alert (a-lért), d. [Fr. alerte, alert, and (as noun) alarm or notice of danger, formerly allerte, and à l'erte, borrowed from It. all'erta, on the alert, lit, on or to the eminence, from all, to the, and erta, an acclivity, adj. erto, erect, from L. erectus, pp. of erigo, erectum, to erect.] 1. Active in vigilance; watchful; vigilant. He was always alert... to the claims of friendship. Rev. R. Graves. 2 Moving with celerity; brisk; nimble. 'An alert young fellow. Addison.-SYN. Vigilant, watchful, heedful, brisk, nimble, active, lively, quick, prompt. Alert (a-lért), n. A position of vigilance; watch guard: only in the phrase on or upon the alert, upon the watch; on the lookout; guarding against surprise or danger. The readiness of one on the alert.' Dickens. Alertness (a-lèrt'nes), n. The state or quality of being alert; briskness; nimbleness; sprightliness. Addison. Ale-scot, Ale-shott (al'skot, al'shot), n. Ale, and scot, or its corrupted form shot, the quota of a tavern-bill. See SCOT.] A reckoning to be paid for ale. Ale-silver (al'sil-ver), n. A duty anciently paid to the Lord-mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city. Ale-stake (al'sták), n. A stake having a garland or bush of twigs at the top of it, set up as a sign before an ale-house. Called also Ale-pole, Ale-post. A garland had he sette upon his hede As gret as it were for an ale-stake. Chaucer. Ale-taster (al'tast-ér). The same as Aleconner (which see). Alethiology (a-le'thi-ol"o-ji), n. [Gr.aletheia, truth, and logos, discourse.] The doctrine of truth; the method of investigating the laws of truth. [Rare.] Modified logic falls naturally into three parts. The Erst part treats of the nature of truth and error, and of the highest laws for their discrimination, AlethiSir W. Hamilton. Jacy Alette (a-let'), n. [Fr.; It. aletta, dim. of 69 the pier of an arch, extending from the edge of the opening; but more particularly that portion betwixt the edge of the opening and the pillar or pilaster which is used to decorate the arch. Aleurites (a-lu-ri'tēz), n. [Gr. aleurites, wheaten bread, from aleuron, wheaten flour -the plants being covered with a mealy substance.] A genus of plants, nat. order Euphorbiaceæ. The only species, A. triloba (the candle-berry tree), a tree 30 to 40 feet high, is a native of the Moluccas and some of the Pacific islands, and is cultivated in tropical countries for its nuts, which abound in oil, and when dried are used by the Polynesian islanders as a substitute for candles, whence they are called candle-nuts, or candle-berries. Aleuromancy (a-lu'ro-man-si), n. [Gr. aleuron, meal, and manteia, divination.] A kind of divination by meal, practised by the ancients. Aleurometer (a-lur-om'e-tér), n. [Gr. aleuron, wheaten flour, and metron, measure.] An instrument invented by M. Boland for indicating the bread-making qualities of wheaten flour. The indications depend upon the expansion of the gluten contained in a given quantity of flour when freed of its starch by pulverization and repeated washings with water. Ale-vat (al'vat), n. A vat in which ale is fermented. Alewt (a-lu'), n. Halloo; howling; lamentation. Yet did she not lament with loud alew Spenser. Perhaps he will swagger and hector, and threaten to beat and butcher an ale-wife. Swift. Alewife (al'wif), n. pl. Alewives (al'wīvz). [Properly aloof, the Indian name of the fish.] A North American fresh-water fish (Alosa tyrannus), 8 to 10 inches long, resembling the shad, and taken in large numbers with that fish. Alexanders (al-egz-an'dérz), n. The English name of a genus of umbelliferous plants, Smyrnium (which see). Called also Alisander. Alexandrian (al-egz-an'dri-an), a. Pertaining to Alexandria: often applied as an attribute to, or used as a noun for, one who professed or taught in connection with Alexandria, in Egypt.-Alexandrian Codex, an important manuscript of the Scriptures, in the British Museum, written on parchment in uncial characters. Its probable date is the fifth or sixth century. - Alexandrian Library, the largest collection of books of the ancient world, founded by Ptolemy Soter at Alexandria, in Egypt, and said to have contained 700,000 volumes of the literature of Rome, Greece, and Egypt. Supposed to have been ultimately destroyed by fanatic Arabs A.D. 641. Alexandrine (al-egz-an'drin), n. 1. A kind of verse consisting of twelve syllables in English poetry, or in French of twelve and thirteen in alternate couplets, and properly having the pause or break at the end of the third foot: so called from a poem written in French on the life of Alexander the Great. French tragedies are generally composed in Alexandrines. The last line of the following extract is an example. A needless Alexandrine ends the song 2. The name of several ancient medical preparations, especially a garlic plaster invented by an ancient physician of the name of Alexander. Dunglison. Alexandrite (al-egz-an'drīt), n. [After Alexander I., emperor of Russia.] A variety of chrysoberyl found in the mica-slate of the Urals. Alexipharmacalt (a-lek'si-färm'a-kal), a. Same as Alexipharmic. Dean Pierce. Alexipharmic, Alexipharmical (a-lek'sifarm"ik, a-lek'si-färm"ik-al), a. [Gr. alexo, to ward off, pharmakon, a drug, remedy, poison.] 1. Acting as a means of warding off disease; acting as a remedy.-2. Having the power of warding off the effects of poison; acting as an antidote; antidotal. Some antidotal quality it may have, since not only the bone in the heart, but the horn of a deer is alexi pharmick. Sir T. Browne. Alexipharmic (a-lek'si-farm"ik), n. 1. A medicine; a remedy. ALGAROT Finding his strength every day less, he was at last terrified, and called for help upon the sages of physic: they filled his apartments with alexipharmics, restoratives, and essential virtues. Johnson. 2. An antidote to poison or infection. Alexiteric, Alexiterical (a-lek'si-ter'ik, alek'si-ter'ik-al), a. [Gr. alexo, to ward off, and dēlēterion, poison.] Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom. Alexiteric (a-lek'siter''ik), n. A medicine to resist the effects of poison or the bite of venomous animals. 1, Ale-yard. Ale-yard (al'yärd), n. A very elongated form of drinkingglass and measure for ale formerly used. There were also halfyards and quarteryards, for pints and half-pints respectively. A 'tricky aleyard was also used, in which the narrow end opened into a small globe, so contrived that, in the process of draining, the ale came out on the drinker's face with a spirt. Alfa, Alfa-grass (al'fa, al'fa-gras), a. A North African name for Macrochloa arenaria and its fibre, one of the varieties of esparto. Alfet (al'fet), n. [L.L. alfetum, from A. Sax. elfoet, a pot to boil in-al, fire, and fæet, a vat.] A vessel of boiling water into which an accused person plunged his arm as a test of his innocence or guilt. 2, Tricky Ale-yard. Al fresco (al fres'ko), a. [It.] In the open air; cool. Alga (al'ga), n. [L.] A sea-weed; one of the Algæ. Algae (al'je), n. pl. A nat. order of cryptogamic or thallogenous plants found for the most part in the sea and fresh water, comprising sea-weeds. The higher forms have stems bearing leaf-like expansions, and they are often attached to the rocks by roots which, however, do not take food from the rocks. The stem is most frequently absent, and the plant consists of the foliar expansion Algal (al'gal), n. One of the Algae (which see). Algal (al'gal), a. Of or pertaining to the Algarot, Algaroth (al'ga-rot, al'ga-roth), n. [From the name of the inventor, Algarotti, a celebrated physician of Verona.] A violently purgative and emetic white powder, which falls when chloride of antimony is ALKALINE Alkaline (al'ka-lin), a. Having the properties of an alkali. — Alkaline earths, lime, magnesia, baryta, strontia. See ALKALI.— Alkaline development, in photog. the development of collodionized sensitive plates by an alkali, or an alkaline salt, combined with pyrogallic acid. To insure success all salts of silver soluble in water must be absent, otherwise the picture is foggy. Alkalinity (al-ka-lin'i-ti), n. The state of being alkaline; the quality which constitutes an alkali. Alkalious (al-kā'li-us), a. Having the properties of alkali. [Rare.] Alkalizate (al'kal-iz-āt or al-kal'iz-āt), v.t. To make bodies alkaline. [Rare.] See ALKALIZE. Alkalization (al'ka-liz-ä"shon), n. The act or process of rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali. Alkalize (al'ka-liz), v. t. pret. & pp. alkalized; ppr. alkalizing. To make alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to; to alkalify. Alkaloid (al'ka-loid), n. [From alkali, and Gr. eidos, likeness. A term applied to a class of nitrogenized compounds found in living plants, and containing their active principles, usually in combination with organic acids. They generally end in in or ine, as morphine, quinine, aconitine, caffeine, &c. Most alkaloids occur in plants, but some are formed by decomposition. Their alkaline character depends on the nitrogen they contain. Most natural alkaloids contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, but the greater number of artificial ones want the oxygen. The only property common to all alkaloids is that of combining with acids to form salts, and some exhibit an alkaline reaction with colours. Alkaloids form what is termed the organic bases of plants. Although formed originally within the plant, it has been found possible to prepare several of these alkaloids by purely artificial means. Alkaloid (al'ka-loid), a. Relating to or containing alkali. Alkanet (al'ka-net), n. [Sp. alcaneta, dim. of alcana, alcanna, from Ar. al-hinna, henna.] A boraginaceous plant, Alkanna (Anchusa of some writers) tinctoria. The root is used to impart a deep red colour to oily substances, ointments, plasters, &c. It is sometimes employed in the adulteration of port-wine. Alkanna (al-kan'na), n. [Ar. al-hinna, henna.] 1. A genus of Mediterranean and oriental plants, nat. order Boraginaceæ, closely allied to Lithospermum and Anchusa, in which latter genus it is included by some botanists. It differs from Lithospermum only in having the four small nuts which form its fruit contracted at the base, and from Anchusa in not having the nuts excavated at the base, and in having no scales closing the mouth of the corolla. Alkanet (which see) belongs to this genus. 2. Henna. Alkarsine (al-kär'sin), n. An extremely poisonous liquid containing kakodyle, together with oxidation products of this substance, and formerly known as Cadet's fuming liquor, characterized by its insupportable smell and high degree of spontaneous combustibility when exposed to air. From this latter quality and the poisonous fumes which it evolves it has been proposed to employ it as a deadly agent in war. A shell filled with it would, in bursting, it is said, involve a ship in fire and destroy the crew by its vapour. See KAKODYLE. Alkekengi (al-ke-ken'ji), n. [Ar. al-kûkenj, a kind of resin obtained near Herat.] The winter-cherry, a solanaceous plant called Physalis Alkekengi. The scarlet fruit inclosed in the enlarged red calyx makes the plant very ornamental in the beginning of winter. The fruit is edible, and has a slightly acid taste. Alkenna, Alhenna (al-ken'na, al-hen'na), Same as Henna. n. Alkermes (al-kér'mēz),n. [Ar. See KERMES.] The name of a once celebrated compound cordial, to which a fine red colour was given by kermes. Its ingredients are said to have been cider, rose-water, sugar, and various fragrant flavouring matters. Alkohol (al'ko-hol). Same as Alcohol. Alkoholic (al-kō-hol'ik), a. Same as Alco holic. Alkoran (al'ko-ran or al-kō-ran'), n. [Ar. al, the, and koran, reading, book, from gara, to read, to teach; the Book by way of emi 72 nence, as we say the Bible (Gr. biblos, a book).] The book which contains the religious and moral code of the Mohammedans, and by which indeed all their transactions, civil, legal, military, &c., are regulated; the Koran. It was written by Mohammed, and is considered to present the purest specimen of the classical Arabic, which, however, is very different from the spoken Arabic of modern times. A high Alkoran, Alcoran (al'kō-ran), n. tower on Persian buildings. Alkoranish (al-kō-ran'ish or al-kō-ran'ish), a. Pertaining to the Koran or Alkoran, or to Mohammedanism. Alkoranist (al-kō-ran'ist or al-kō-ran'ist), n. One who adheres strictly to the letter of the Koran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are generally Alkoranists; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars admit a multitude of traditions. All (al), a. [A. Sax. eal, eall, al, Icel. allr, Goth. alls, G. all, all. Common to all the Teutonic tongues. Grimm is inclined to regard all as identical with W. oll, Armor. holl, Gr. holos, Oscan sollus, L. salvus, Skr. sarva, all, whole. In this view all would be the same word as E. safe, from Fr. sauf, and that from L. salvus.] 1. Every one of; the whole number of, with reference to individuals or particulars, taken collectively; as, all men, all the men. 2. The whole quantity of, with reference to extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength; in all probability; to all appearance.-3. It was sometimes used formerly for any. Without all doubt' (that is, without any particle of doubt). Shak. In like manner shalt thou do with his ass; and so shalt thou do with his raiment; and with all lost thing of thy brother's. Deut. xxii. 3. 4. † Only; alone. "Thou art all my child' (my only child). Shak. This, however, may be the use of the word in the extract quoted after ALL, adv., 3. When joined to nouns accompanied by the definite article or a possessive or demonstrative pronoun, the article or pronoun comes between it and the noun; as, all my labour; all his goods; all these things. In all day, all night, all the summer, &c., all means during the whole, and the phrases are a kind of adverbial accusatives. The article is generally omitted before day and night, though sometimes inserted as more emphatic. Tennyson. We will sing to you all the day. [The definite article is for the most part omitted in Shakspere both before day and night; in the authorized version of the Bible it is in the great majority of cases supplied before day and omitted before night.]-Such phrases as two (or twos) all, three all, six all, are used in certain games to signify that all the players are equal, and they are used even when there are no more than two persons or sides engaged in the game. For all, an elliptical expression, meaning (a) for all times; for all occasions in the future. 'Learn now for all I care not for you.' Shak. [Now used only in the phrase once for all. See FOR, 1.] (b) For all the fact that; notwithstanding; although. 'For all you are my man.' Shak. See FOR, 21. All is sometimes found redundantly in the phrase all the whole. But all the whole inheritance I give. Shak. See another example in extract under AGAZED. All (al), adv. 1. Wholly; completely; entirely; altogether; quite; as, all bedewed; my friend is all for amusement; it is all gone. Scott. He rode all unarmed, and he rode all alone. In such antique uses (chiefly ballad) as, 'he thought them sixpence all too dear,' all appears to retain its appropriate sense, though in some cases it is nearly pleonastic, or serves only to add a little force to the expression. 'When all aloud the wind doth blow.' Shak. ALLAH while the to belongs to the verb following. being commonly used as an intensive prefix to verbs by writers of the fourteenth, tifteenth, and sixteenth centuries; thus, he to-brac the rock.' Wickliffe. Ps. cv. 41, which in the common version stands he opened the rock.'-2. Although; as, 'all were it as the rest. Spenser.-3. † Only; exclusively. 'I shall never marry like my sisters to love my father all.' Shak.- All as, (a) when; as; just when. All as his straying flocks he fed.' Spenser. [Obsolete or poetical.] He their courtesy to requite. Gave them a chain of twelve marks weight, All as he lighted down. Sir W. Scott. (b)+ As if. The kene cold blowes through my beaten hide, All but, nearly; almost; not quite; as, she is all but nine years of age. All one, the same thing in effect; quite the same. Yet I have the wit to think that my master is a kind of a knave; but that's all one if he be but one knave. Shak. -All over, thoroughly; entirely; as, 'Dombey and Son' is Dickens all over. [Colloq.] -All out [O.E. and slang), entirely; quite. 'Then come these wykkade Jewes and slewe them all out.' Old MS. quoted by Halliwell. -All the, to all that extent; as, all the better; all the fitter; all the sooner. See THE -All there [Slang], up to the mark; wideawake; in strict fashion; first-rate. All (al), n. 1. The whole number; as, all have not the same disposition; that is, all men, or all of a certain number in the mind of the speaker.-2. The whole; the entire thing; the aggregate; the total. And Laban said, All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 433. One's whole property; as, she has given her all. And all, and everything else, after an enumeration of particulars; as, the tree fell, nest, young, and all. [This phrase does not necessarily imply that there is anything else than what is mentioned.]-At all, a phrase used by way of enforcement in negative and interrogative and sometimes other sentences or clauses of a negative import, and meaning, in the least degree, to the least extent, under any circumstances; as, he had no time at all at his disposal; have you any friends at all? (the interrogator implying that he does not believe the person addressed has any). 'An if this be at all' (where the speaker implies a doubt that there is no truth in what he has heard). Shak. -When all comes to all, in final result.-All and some, (a) all and sundry, one and all. Stop your noses, readers, all and some. Dryden. (b) Altogether; wholly. [Obsolete in both senses. All in all. See ALL-IN-ALL-All in the wind (naut.), a phrase implying that the vessel's head is too close to the wind, so that the sails are shivering. In all, everything reckoned or taken into account; all included; as, there were in all at least 400 persons present.-All, in composition, enlarges the meaning or adds force to a word, and it is generally more emphatical than most. In some instances all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, already, always; but in most instances it is prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen. As a prefix it has sometimes the force of an adverb; as, all-powerful, all-perfect, all-important; sometimes of a noun in the objective case; as, all-seeing; sometimes perhaps of a noun in the instrumental case; as, 'alldisgraced,' 'all-dreaded' (Shak.)= disgraced, dreaded by all, or entirely, wholly, disgraced, dreaded. Alla (ällä). [It., dat. of the fem. art. la Fr. à la] In music, after the manner of; in the style of; as, alla francese, in the French style or manner. Alla-breve (al'la-brev or ǎl'lä-bra-vā). [It] In music, a term signifying a quick time, in which the notes take much less than their usual length. Alla-capella (ällä-ka-pella). [It., according to the chapel.] In music, in the ecclesiastical style. Allagite (alla-jit), n. A mineral, of a brown or green colour, massive, with a flat conchoidal fracture, and nearly opaque, found in the Hartz, near Elbingerode. Allah (alla), n. [Ar. allah, God-al, the, and ilih, a god; allied to Heb. el, God] The Arabic name of the Supreme Being, which, through the Koran, has found its way into |