AMPELOPSIS Ampelopsis (am-pel-op'sis), n. [Gr. ampelos, a vine, and opsis, appearance, resemblance.] A genus of plants, nat. order Vitaceæ, scarcely distinguishable from Vitis, except that the flowers have a ring round the base of the ovary. 4. hederacea is the Virginian creeper, a fast-growing climbing shrub, cultivated for covering walls and arbours. Ampère's Theory (an-parz the 'ō-ri), n. An electro-dynamic theory established by André Marie Ampère. In this theory the mutual attraction and repulsion of two magnets is referred to the mutual action of electric currents circulating parallel to each other and in the same direction round the magnets Ampère conceived that the magnetic action of the earth is the result of currents circulating within it, or at its surface, from east to west, in planes parallel to the magnetic equator. Ampersand (am'pér-sand), n. [E. and, L. per se, E. and-lit. and by itself and.] A term applied to the character &, which is formed by combining the letters of the Latin et, and the expression is, or was, common in nursery-books. Amphi-(am'). [A Greek preposition meaning about, on both sides, &c., allied to L. amb-, ambo, both, and to A. Sax. ymb, emb, Icel G. um, round, about.] A prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying about, around, on both sides, in two respects, &c. Amphiarthrosis (am'fi-ar-thro"sis), n. [Gr. amphi, and arthrosis, articulation.] In anat. a mixed kind of articulation, in which the articular surfaces of bones are united by an intermediate substance in a manner which admits of a small degree of motion: the articulation of the vertebræ furnishes an example. Amphibia (am-fib'i-a), n. pl. [Gr. amphi bios, living a double life-amphi, both, and bios, life.] In zool. a term meaning properly animals capable of living both under water and on land. Its use, therefore, ought to be restricted to such as have both lungs and gills simultaneously. Four genera of batrachians do possess such a double respiratory apparatus, the axolotls, Menobranchi, sirens (all of which inhabit the rivers and lakes of America), and the proteus, which is found in subterranean rivers in Illyria. These are the only known vertebrated animals which are truly amphibious. By most naturalists, however, the term is extended so as to include all animals which possess both gills and lungs, whether at different stages of their existence or simultaneously. By this classification not only the above four genera, but such batrachians as frogs, Amphiuma, &c., which breathe by gills during the tadpole state, and by lungs in their more mature and perfect form, are included. In popular lan otters, seals, walruses, crocodiles, and other animals inhabiting or frequenting water, are often called amphibious, though none of them can breathe under water. Amphibial, Amphibian (am-fib'i-al, am-fib'i-an), a Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; having the power of living in air and water. See AMPHIBIOUS. Amphibial, Amphibian (am-fib'i-al, amAbi-an), n One of the Amphibia. Amphibiolite (am-fib'i-o-lit), n. [Gr. amphibios, amphibious, and lithos, stone.] A fossil amphibious animal. Amphibiological (am-fib'i-o-loj "ik-al), a. Pertaining to amphibiology. Amphibiology (am-fib'i-ol"o-ji), n. [Gr. amphibia, and logos, discourse.] A discourse or treatise on amphibious animals, or the history and description of such animals; the department of natural history which treats of the Amphibia Amphibious (am-fib'i-us), a. [See AMPHIBIA 1. A term applied to animals which have the power of living in two elements, air and water, from possessing a double respiratory apparatus, either simultaneously, as in the case of axolotls, sirens, &c., or at different stages of their existence, as in the case of frogs: applied in popular usage to any lung-breathing animal which can exist for a considerable time under water, as the crocodile, whale, seal, beaver, &c.-2. Adapted for living on land or water. The amphibious character of the Greeks was already determined; they were to be lords of land and sea. Hare. & Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures; as, an amphibious breed. [Colloq.] Not in free and common socage, but in this amAs subordinate class of villein socage. Blackstone. 91 Amphibiousness (am-fib'i-us-nes), n. The quality of being amphibious; ability to live in two elements; the quality of partaking of two natures. Amphibium (am-fib'i-um), n. An amphibious animal. See AMPHIBIA. Amphibole (am-fib'o-le or am'fl-bōl), n. [Gr. amphibolos, equivocal.] A name given by Hauy and some other mineralogists to hornblende, from its resemblance to augite, for which it may readily be mistaken. Amphibolic (am-fl-bol'ik), a. Pertaining to or resembling amphibole, or partaking of its nature and character. Amphibolite (am-fib'o-lit), n. [Amphibole (which see).] In mineral. a rock with a base of amphibole or hornblende; trap, or greenstone. Amphibological (am-fib'o-loj"ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to amphibology; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous. 'Doubtful or amphibological expressions.' Jer. Taylor. Amphibologically (am-fib'o-loj" ik-al-li), adv. With a doubtful meaning. Amphibology (am-fi-bol'o-ji), n. [Gr. amphibologia amphi, in two ways, ballo, to throw, and logos, discourse.] A phrase or discourse susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, a phrase of uncertain meaning. We have an example of amphibology in the answer of the oracle to Pyrrhus: 'Aio te Romanos vincere posse.' Here te and Romanos may either of them precede or follow vincere posse, and the sense may be either, you may conquer the Romans, or the Romans may conquer you. The English language seldom admits of amphibology. For an English example see extract under AMPHIBOLOUS, 2. Amphiboloid (am-fib'ol-oid), n. A rock composed of amphibole (hornblende) and felspar, in which the amphibole predominates; a variety of greenstone. Amphibolous (am-fib'ol-us), a. [Gr. amphibolos-amphi, and ballo, to strike.] Ambiguous; equivocal. [Rare.] Never was there such an amphibolous quarrelboth parties declaring themselves for the king. Howell. Now used only in logic as applied to a sentence susceptible of two meanings. An amphibolous sentence is one that is capable of two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but from its admitting a double construction; as,... 'The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose." Whately. Amphiboly (am-fib'o-li), n. [Gr. amphibolia -amphi, both ways, and ballo, to strike.] Ambiguity of meaning. [Rare.] Amphibrach, Amphibrachys (am'fi-brak, am-fib'ra-kis), n. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and brachys, short.] In pros. a foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short; as, habere, in Latin. Amphicarpic, Amphicarpous (am-fi-kärpik, am-fi-kärpus), a. [Gr. amphi, in two ways, two, and karpos, fruit.] In bot. possessing two kinds of fruit, either in respect of form or time of ripening. Amphicentrum (am-fi-sen'trum), n. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and kentron, a spine.] A genus of fossil ganoid fishes wanting abdominal fins. The dorsal and ventral margins project like spines. They are confined to carboniferous strata. Amphicœlous, Amphicœlian (am-fi-se'lus, am-fi-se li-an), a. [Gr. amphi, at both ends, and koilos, hollow.] In physiol. applied to vertebræ which are doubly concave or hollow at both ends, as in fish and one group of extinct Crocodilia. Amphicome (am'fi-kom), n. [Gr. amphi, around, and kome, hair.] A kind of figured stone of a round shape, but rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in divination. Ency. Brit. Amphictyonic (am-fik'ti-on"ik), a. Pertaining to the august council or league of Amphictyons. Amphictyons (am-fik'ti-onz),n. pl. [Gr. amphiktyones dwellers around, neighbours.] In Grecian antiq. an assembly or council of deputies from the different states of Greece. Ten or twelve states were represented in this assembly, which sat alternately at Thermopyla and at Delphi. Amphictyony (am-fik'tí-on-i), n. The Amphictyonic League or Council, an association of several neighbouring states of ancient Greece, for the furtherance of the general interests. Amphicyon (am-fis'i-on), n. [Gr. amphi, implying doubt, and kyon, a dog.] A large fossil carnivorous quadruped, so called from its teeth, which combine the characters of AMPHIOXIDE those of the dogs (Canidae) and bears (Ursida). It occurs principally in the miocene tertiary formation. Amphid, Amphide (am'fid), n. [Gr. amphi, in two ways, and eidos, form, appearance.] A term given by Berzelius to compounds consisting of two sulphides, oxides, selenides, or tellurides, and therefore containing three different elements, as distinguished from haloid compounds. See HALOID. Amphidisc (am'f-disk), n. [Gr. amphi, at both ends, and diskos, a quoit, a round plate.] In zool. one of the spicules which surround the reproductive gemmules of Spongilla, resembling two toothed wheels united by an axle. Amphidromical (am-fi-drom'ik-al), a. [Gr. amphi, around, and dromikos, good at running.] Of or pertaining to the ancient Greek festival amphidromia, celebrated when a child received its name, and so termed from the infant being carried round the hearth preparatory to being named. Sir T. Browne. Amphidura (am-fi-dû'ra), n. [A corruption of amphithura (which see).] In the Greek Ch. the veil or curtain opening to the dwarf folding doors, and separating the chancel from the rest of the church. It corresponds to the cancellus of Roman Catholic churches. Amphidura, from Greek Church, London Wall. When the priest has passed through the folding doors the curtain is drawn across, so that whilst officiating at the altar he is hidden from the congregation. Several times during the service the curtain is drawn back to allow the priest to come forward and read certain portions of the services outside the folding doors. Amphigamous (am-fig'a-mus), a. [Gr. amphi, implying doubt, and gamos, nuptials.] In bot. a term formerly used as synonymous with cryptogamous. Amphigastria (am-fi-gas'tri-a), n. pl. [Gr. amphi, around, and gaster, stomach.] The imperfect leaves or so-called stipules on the under or shaded side of the axis of the scalemosses or Jungermanniaceæ. Amphigean (am-fi-jë'an), a. [Gr. amphi, around, and ge, the earth.] Extending over all the zones of the globe, from the tropic to either polar inclusive. Dana. Amphigen (am'fi-jen), n. [Gr. amphi, around, and gennao, to produce, from ginomai, to be formed.] A plant which has no distinct axis, but increases by the growth or development of its cellular tissue on all sides, as the lichens. Amphigene (am'fi-jen), n. In mineral. another name for leucite (which see). Amphigenous (am-fij'e-nus), a. A term applied to fungi when the hymenium is not restricted to a particular surface. Amphihexahedral (am-fi-heks'a-he"dral), a. [Gr. amphi and E. hexahedral.] In crystal. said of a crystal in which the faces, counted in two different directions, give two hexahedral outlines, or are found to be six in number. Amphilogy (am-fil'o-ji), n. [Gr. amphi, in two ways, and logos, discourse.] Equivocation; amphibology. Amphimacer (am-fim'a-sèr), n. [Gr. amphimakros, long on both sides.] In pros. a foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in castitas: the opposite of an amphibrach. Amphioxidæ, Amphioxini (am-fi-oks'i-dē, am'fl-oks-i"ni), n. pl. The only family of AMPHIOXUS pharyngo-branchial fishes, with gelatinous dorsal chord, pulsating vessels in place of the heart, and a branchial sac in the cavity of the œsophagus. The amphioxus is the type. Amphioxus (am-fi-oks'us), n. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and oxus, sharp, because the animal is sharp at both ends.] An anomalous genus of fishes, otherwise called Branchiostoma, and containing only the common lancelet (Amphioxus lanceolatus or Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and another species. See BRANCHIOSTOMA. Amphipneust (am'fip-nust), n. One of the amphipneusta (which see). Amphipneusta (am-fip-nus'ta), n. pl. [Gr. amphi, in two ways, and pneo, to breathe.] A former name of a sub-order of tailed amphibia, retaining their gills through life. See URODELA. [Gr. Amphipod, Amphipode (am'fi-pod, am'fipod), n. One of the amphipoda (which see). Amphipoda (am-fip'od-a), n. pl. amphi, on both sides, and pous, podos, a foot.] An order of the sessile-eyed mala Amphipoda. 1, Shore-jumper (Orchestia littoralis). 2, Portion of Orchestia to show the respiratory organs a a a. costracan crustaceans. The bodies of these animals are compressed laterally, and curved upon the sides; the eyes are immovable, and their feet are directed partly forwards and partly backwards. The respiratory organs consist of membranous vesicles attached to the bases of the thoracic limbs. Many of the species are found in springs and rivulets; others are met with in salt water. The sand-hopper and shore-jumper are examples. Amphipodous (am-fip'od-us), a. Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda. Amphiprostyle, Amphiprostile (am-fip' arch. a structure having the form of an ancient Greek or Roman oblong rectangular temple, with a prostyle or portico on each of its ends or fronts, but with no columns on its sides or flanks. Amphisarca (am'fi-sär-ka), n. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and sarx, sarkos, flesh.] In bot. a compound, manycelled, indehiscent, superior fruit, with a woody or indurated shell inclosing an internal pulp, as seen in the baobab. Amphisbæna (am-fis-be'na), n. [Gr. amphisbaina amphis, on both sides, and baino, to go, from the belief that the animal moved with either end foremost.] A genus of serpentiform, limbless reptiles, family Amphisbænidæ, order Lacertilia, with the head small, smooth, and blunt, the nostrils small, Amphisbæna fuliginosa. the eyes minute and blackish, and the mouth furnished with small teeth. The body is 92 cylindrical, destitute of scales, and divided into numerous annular segments; the tail obtuse, and scarcely to be distinguished from the head, whence the belief that it moved equally well with either end foremost. There are several species. A. fuliginosa, black, with white spots, is found in Guinea and Surinam; and A. alba, the largest species, about 21 inches long, reddish-brown above and white below, is found in Surinam and Brazil, generally in ant-hillocks. They feed on ants and earthworms, and were formerly, but erroneously, deemed poisonous, whence Milton classes it among the most noxious reptiles. Complicated monsters Scorpion, and asp, and amphisbæna dire, Cerastes horned, hydras, and elops drear, And dipsas. Paradise Lost, b. x. -Aquatic amphisbaena, a name formerly sometimes given to the common hair-worm (Gordius aquaticus), which, however, has no connection with the amphisbænas proper, but is one of the nematoid worms, or Nematelmia, class Scolecida. See GORDIUS and GORDIACEA. Amphisbænia (am-fis-be'ni-a), n. pl. An order of lacertian reptiles, of which the genus Amphisbæna is the type. Amphisbænidæ (am-fis-be'ni-dē), n. pl. That family of the Amphisbænia which includes the genus Amphisbæna. Amphiscian (am-fish'i-an), n. One of the Amphiscii (which see). Amphiscii (am-fish'i-i), n. pl. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and skia, shadow.] In geog. the inhabitants of the inter-tropical regions, whose shadows at noon in one part of the year are cast to the north and in the other to the south, according as the sun is in the southern or northern signs. Amphisile (am-fis'i-lē), n. A genus of acan Part of Amphisile strigata. thopterygious fishes, in which the back is plated, and the first dorsal fin is placed quite at the extremity of the body, and produced into a long and strong spine. It belongs to the family Fistularida (Aulostomidae), or sea-snipes. It is closely allied to, and was included in, the genus Centriscus by Linnæus. Amphistomous (am-fis' tom-us), a. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and stoma, a mouth.] A term applied to certain entozoa having a cup-shaped mouth at each extremity, by which they adhere to the intestines of the animals in which they are parasitic. Amphitheatral (am-fi-the'a-tral), a. Pertaining to or resembling an amphitheatre. Amphitheatre (am-fi-the'a-ter), n. [Gr. amphitheatron-amphi, about, and theatron, Amphitheatre at Verona. AMPHORA formed by two semicircles, since it was always elliptical in form. The arena was surrounded by a wall about 15 feet high, so that the spectators were quite secure from the attacks of any of the wild beasts exhibited. The Colosseum at Rome is the largest of all the ancient amphitheatres, being capable of containing from 50,000 to 80,000 persons. That at Verona is one of the best examples remaining. Its dimensions are 502 feet by 401, and 98 feet high.-2. Anything resembling an amphitheatre in form, as a hollow surrounded by rising ground; in hort. a sloping disposition of shrubs and trees. Amphitheatric, Amphitheatrical (am'fithe-at'rik, am'fi-the-at"rik-al), a. Pertaining to or exhibited in an amphitheatre. 'Amphitheatrical gladiatures.' Gayton. Amphitheatrically (am'fi-the-at"'rik-al-li). adv. In an amphitheatrical manner or form. Amphitherium (am-fi-the'ri-um), n. [Gr. amphi, implying doubt, and therion, a wild beast.] A fossil insectivorous mammal of the oolite. As its remains do not furnish sufficient data to decide whether it is placental or aplacental, it has received this provisional name. A. Prevostii is the only species yet discovered. Amphithura (am-fi-thū'ra), n. [Gr. amphi, both, twofold, and thura, a door. ] The correct spelling of the word now commonly written Amphidura (which see). Amphitrite (am-fi-tri'te), n. [Name of a seanymph in Greek mythology, sister of Thetis and wife of Neptune.] 1. A small planet or asteroid between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, discovered by M. Marth on the 2d March, 1854.-2. A genus of marine annelids, order Tubicolæ, and class Annulata of Cuvier. They are easily recognized by their goldencoloured setæ, disposed in the form of a crown. Some of them construct and carry about with them slight, regularly conical tubes of sand, glued together by mucus exuded from the skin. Amphitropal, Amphitropous (am-fit'ropal, am-fit'rop-us), a. [Gr. amphi, round, and trepo, to turn.] In bot. applied to an ovule curved upon itself so that both ends (the foraminal and chalazal) are brought near to each other with the hilum in the middle. Ovule. Amphitropal Amphitype (am'fi-tip), n. [Gr. amphi, both, and typos, an impression.] In photog. a process discovered by Sir John Herschel, by which light produces either a positive or a negative. The paper is prepared by a solution of ferro-tartrate or of ferro-citrate of protoxide or peroxide of mercury, followed by a solution of ammonio-tartrate or ammonio-citrate. On exposure in the camera a negative is produced of a rich brown tint, which fades in the dark, but may be restored as a black positive by immersing it in a solution of nitrate of mercury, and ironing it with a hot iron. Amphiuma (am-fi-u'ma), n. [Gr. amphi, both, and huma, from huo, to wet, to water] A genus of amphibians which frequent the lakes and stagnant waters of North America. The adults retain the clefts at which the gills of the tadpole projected. The body is of great length. Amphiumidæ (am-fi-u'mi-de), n. pl. A family of tailed amphibians distinguished by a small branchial aperture on each side, within which are the branchial arches with small laminæ. They approach, in respect of their respiratory apparatus, the amphipneusts or true amphibians, in which the external gills are persistent. The genus Amphiuma (which see) is the type. theatre, from theaomai, to see or look. ] | Amphora (am'fo-ra), n. pl. Amphora (am' 1. An ancient Roman edifice of an oval form, having a central area encompassed with rows of seats, rising higher as they receded from the centre, on which people used to sit to view the combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and other sports. The ancient theatre was nearly semicircular in shape, with its rows of seats fronting the stage; the amphitheatre is frequently described as a double theatre, as consisting of two such semicircles or halves joined together, the spaces allotted to their orchestras becoming the inner inclosure, area, or, as it was called, arena, from being generally covered with sand. It is not quite correct to say, however, that an amphitheatre was fo-re). [L. amphora, Gr. amphoreus, a shortened form of amphiphoreus-amphi, on both sides, and phoreo, to carry, from its two handles.] Among the Greeks and Romans, a vessel, usually tall and narrow, with two handles or ears and a narrow neck, and generally ending in a sharp point below for being inserted in a stand or in the ground, used for holding wine, oil, honey, and the like. The amphora were commonly made of earthenware, but Homer mentions amphora of gold and stone; the Egyptians had them of brass; and glass vessels of this form have been found at Pompeii. The most common use of the amphora was for keeping wine. The stop Pertaining to or Amphoral (am'fo-ral), a. resembling an amphora. Amphoric (am-forik), a. In auscultation, emitted from a cavity in the lungs not filled with fluid, and so giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter; as, amphoric resonance or respiration. Amphoteric (am-fo-te'rik), a. [Gr. amphoteros, both.] Partly the one and partly the other. Smart Ample (am'pl), a. [Fr. ample, L. amplusprefix am, amb (=Gr. amphi, on both sides), and root of pleo, to fill; comp. double.] 1. Large in dimensions; of great size, extent, capacity, or bulk; wide; spacious; extended; as, ample room. 'Nature's ample lap. ' Thomson All the people in that ample house Did to that image bow their humble knees. Spenser. 2 Fully sufficient for any purpose or for some purpose intended; abundant; liberal; copious; plentiful; as, ample provision for the table; ample justice. An ample number of horses had been purchased in England with the public money. Macaulay. 3 Not brief or contracted; extended; diffusive; as, an ample narrative. - Ample, Copious, Plenteous. Ample has reference to the sufficiency of the supply for every need; copious carries with it the idea of unfailingness of supply; while plenteous indicates largeness of quantity in actual possession; as, ample stores or resources; a copious supply of materials; a plenteous harvest.SYS. Spacious, extensive, wide, capacious, abundant, plentiful, plenteous, liberal, copious, rich. Amplectant (am-plek'tant), a. [L. amplec tans, amplectantis, ppr. of amplector, to embrace.] Embracing; clasping; specifically, in bot. encircling or clasping the stem of a plant; as, amplectant tendrils. Ampleness (am'pl-nes), n. The state of being ample; largeness; sufficiency; abundance Amplexation (am-pleks-a'shon), n. [L. ampleror, amplexatus, to embrace.] An embrace. An humble amplexation of those sacred feet. Bp. Hall. Amplexicaul (amplek'si-kal), a [Lam plexus, embraced amb, about, and plecto, plexus, to twist- and caulis, a stem.] In bot. nearly surrounding or embracing the stem, as the base of a leaf. Pa paver somniferum and Amplexicaul Leaves Inula Helenium have (Inula Helenium). amplexicaul leaves. Ampliate (am'pli-at), v. t. pret. & pp. ampliated; ppr. ampliating (L. amplig, ampliatum. See AMPLE] To make more ample or greater; to enlarge; to extend. "To maintain and ampliate the external possessions of your empire' Udall. Ampliation (am-pli-a'shon), n. 1. Enlargement; amplification; diffuseness. Odious matters admit not of an ampliation, but ought to be restrained and interpreted in the mildest Ayliffe. 2. In Rom antiq. a delaying to pass sentence; a postponement of a decision to obtain further evidence. Ampliative (am'pli-at-iv), a. Enlarging: increasing; specifically, in metaph. adding to what is involved in the meaning of the subject of a proposition; synthetic: said of judgments. All bodies possess power of attraction' is an am 93 pliative judgment, because we can think of bodies without thinking of attraction as one of their imme. diate primary attributes. But, if our knowledge of any object were complete, we should conceive it invested with all its attributes, and no ampliative judg. ments would be required. Abp. Thomson. Amplificatet (am-plif'i-kät), v. t. [L. amplifico, amplificatum, to enlarge-amplus, wide, and facio, factum, to make.] To enlarge in dimensions; to amplify. Amplification (am'pli-fl-ka"shon), n. 1. The act of amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement; extension. Amplification of the visible figure of a known object.' Reid. 2. In rhet. diffusive description or discussion; exaggerated representation; copious argument, intended to present the subject in every view or in the strongest light; diffuse narrative, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject; a description given in more words than are necessary, or an illustration by various examples and proofs. Amplificative (am'pli-fi-kat-iv), a. Serving or tending to amplify; amplificatory. Amplificatory (am'pli-fi-ka-to-ri), a. Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative. Amplifier (am'pli-fi-ér), n. One who amplifles or enlarges. That great citie Rome, whereof they (Romulus and Remus) were the first amplifiers.' Bale. There are amplifiers who can extend half a dozen thin thoughts over a whole folio. Pope. Amplify (am'pli-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. amplified; ppr. amplifying. [Fr. amplifier, to enlarge-L. amplus, ample, and facio, to make.] 1. To make more ample, larger, more extended, fuller, more copious, and the like; to enlarge. All concaves... do amplify the sound at the coming out. Bacon. 'Troilus and Cressida' was written by a Lombard author, but much amplified by our English translator. Dryden. 2. In rhet. to enlarge in discussion or by manner of representation; to treat copiously, so as to present the subject in every view, and in the strongest lights. I would not willingly seem to flatter the present (age), by amplifying the diligence and true judg. ment of those servitours who have laboured in the vineyard. Sir J. Davies. Amplify (am'pli-fi), v.i. 1. To grow or become ample or more ample. Strait was the way at first, withouten light, 2. To enlarge by representation or description; to speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or description; to dilate upon: often followed by on; as, to amplify on the several topics of discourse. Homer amplifies, not invents. Pope. When you affect to amplify on the former branches of a discourse, you will often lay a necessity on your. Watts. self of contracting the latter. Amplitude (am'pli-tüd), n. [L. amplitudo, from amplus, large.] 1. State of being ample; as, (a) largeness of dimensions; extent of surface or space; as, the amplitude of the earth. The cathedral of Lincoln... is a magnificent structure, proportionable to the amplitude of the diocese. Fuller. (b) Largeness, in a figurative sense; as, extent of capacity or intellectual powers; extent of means or resources. Amplitude of mind.' Milton. It is in the power of princes and estates to add amplitude and greatness to their kingdoms. Bacon. 2. In astron. an arc of the horizon intercepted between the east or west point and the centre of the sun or star at its rising or setting. At the rising of a star the amplitude is eastern or ortive; at the setting it is western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern when north or south of the equator. The amplitude of a fixed star remains nearly the same all the year round. The sun at the solstices is at its maximum amplitude, and at the equator it has no amplitude. Amplitude of the range of a projectile, the horizontal line subtending the path of a body thrown, or the line which measures the distance it has moved; the range.-Magnetical amplitude, the arc of the horizon between the sun or a star at rising or setting, and the east or west point of the horizon, by the compass. The difference between this and the true amplitude is the variation of the compass.-Amplitude compass, an azimuth compass, whose zeros of graduation are at the east and west points, for the more ready reading of the amplitudes of celestial bodies. AMULET Amply (am'pli), adv. In an ample manner; largely liberally; fully; sufficiently; copiously; abundantly. Ampul (am'pul), n. See AMPULLA, 2. Ampulla (am-pul'la), n. pl. Ampullæ (ampulle). [L.] In Rom. antiq. a more or less globular bottle, usually made of glass or earthenware, rarely of more valuable materials, used for carrying oil to the bath for the purpose of anointing the body after bathing.-2. Eccles. (a) a flask or cruet, generally of precious metal, for holding the wine and water used at the altar. See AMA. (b) A vessel for holding the consecrated oil or chrism used in various church rites and at the coronation of kings. The ampulla Ampulla and Spoon used at Coronation of English Sovereigns.-Regalia, Tower of London. used at coronations in England is in the form of an eagle, of pure gold, richly chased. The famous one formerly used in France was kept at Rheims, and was reputed to have been brought from heaven by a dove for the baptism of Clovis I. It was broken at the revolution, but a fragment is said to have been preserved and used at the coronation of Charles X. Written also Ampul.-3. In anat. the dilated part of the membranaceous semicircular canals in the ear.-4. In bot. (a) a small membranaceous bag attached to the roots and the immersed leaves of some aquatic plants, as in the Lemna or duck-weed. (b) A term applied to the hollow flask-shaped leaves formed in certain aquatic plants, as in Utricularia (which see). Ampullaceous (am-pul-la'shus), a. Of or pertaining to or like an ampulla, bottle, or inflated bladder. Amputate (am'pu-tāt), v. t. pret. & pp. amputated; ppr. amputating. [L. amputo, amputatum-amb, about, and puto, to prune.] 1. To prune, as branches of trees or vines. 2. To cut off, as a limb or other part of an animal body. Amputation (am-pu-ta'shon), n. [L. amputatio.] The act of amputating; especially, the operation of cutting off a limb or other projecting part of the body. Ampyx (am'piks), n. [Gr., a fillet for tying Ampyx. back the hair in front, from ampecho, to encircle. ] 1. In Greek antiq. (a) a broad band or plate of metal, often enriched with precious stones, worn on the forehead by ladies of rank. (b) The head-band of a horse.-2. A species of trilobite or fossil crustacean, found chiefly in lower Silurian strata. Amsel (am'sel), n. Same as Amzel (which see). Amuck (a-muk'), n. [Malay or Javanese amúk.] A term used in the Eastern Archipelago in the sense of slaughter or kill, being employed especially among the Malays by such of them as are occasionally seen to rush out in a frantic state (probably caused by opium or some other drug) with daggers in their hands, yelling 'Amuck, amuck,' attacking all that come in their way: whence the common expression to run amuck, to rush about frantically, attacking all that come in the way; to attack all and sundry. Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet To run amuck and tilt at all I meet. Pope. Amule (am'ül), n. Same as Amyl. Amulet (am'u-let), n. [L. amuletum, Fr. amulette, Sp. amuleto, an amulet; amuletum in Latin was a borrowed word, and the same AMULETIC 1 ACOY as Ar.hamálat, anything worn, from hamala, to carry, to wear.] Something worn as a remedy or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft. Amulets have been used from ancient times, and are still worn in many parts of the world. They consisted of certain stones, metals, or plants; sometimes of mystic words, characters, or sentences arranged in a particular order. The early Christian amulets were commonly inscribed with the word ichthys, fish, or with the shape of a fish, because this represented the initials of the Greek words for Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour. They were suspended from the neck, or affixed to the body. Amuletic (am-u-let'ik), a. Pertaining to an amulet. Amun (a-mun), n. Same as Aghanee (which see). Amulets, from Vatican (1), and private collection (2). The qua Amurcosity (a-mèr-kos'i-ti), n. lity of being amurcous. Bailey. Amurcous (a-mérk'us), a. [L. amurca, the dregs or lees of olives.] Full of dregs or lees; foul. Ash. Amusable (a-mūz'a-bl), a. Capable of being amused. Amuse (a-müz'), v.t. pret. & pp. amused; ppr. amusing. [Fr. amuser, to amuse, to divert, to hold in play-a, to, and O. Fr. muser, to muse, whence musard, a loiterer. See MUSE.] 1. To cause to muse; to absorb or engage in meditation; to occupy or engage wholly. People stood amused between these two forms of service. Fuller. Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused in receiving their gold. Holland. 2. To entertain the mind of agreeably; to occupy or detain the attention of in a pleasant manner or with agreeable objects. 'A group of mountaineer children amusing themselves with pushing stones from the top.' W. Gilpin.-3. To keep in expectation, as by flattery, plausible pretences, and the like; to delude; to keep in play. Johnson. He amused his followers with idle promises. Bishop Henry... amused her with dubious answers, and kept her in suspense for some days. Swift. -Amuse, Divert, Entertain. Amuse is to occupy one's time and attention lightly and pleasantly; divert, lit. to turn aside; to turn the attention to some lighter subject than a previous one, generally to something absolutely lively or sportive; entertain, to engage the attention by the pleasing nature of the object of attraction; to keep one in a continuous state of interest, implying a certain activity if it is a person that entertains. Trifles that amuse children may divert grown-up people; while we may be entertained by a book, concert, lecture, &c.SYN. To entertain, gratify, please, divert, beguile, deceive, occupy. Amuse (a-mūz′), v.i. To muse; to medi tate. Or in some pathless wilderness amusing. Plucking the mossy bark of some old tree. Lee. Amusement (a-müz'ment), n. 1.† Deep thought; meditation. Here I fell into a strong and deep amusement, revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs. Bp. Fleetwood 2. The state of being amused; a slight amount of mirth or tendency towards merriment; as, I could not conceal my amusement at his pranks.-3. That which amuses, detains, or engages the mind; pastime. During his confinement, his amusement was to give poison to cats and dogs, and see them expire by slower or quicker torments. Pope. SYN. Diversion, entertainment, recreation, pastime, sport. Giving Amuser (a-mûz'èr), n. One who amuses. Amusing (a-muz'ing), p. and a. moderate pleasure to the mind, so as to engage it; pleasing; diverting; as, an amusing story. Amusingly (a-müz'ing-li), adv. In an amusing manner. Amusive (a-mūʼziv), a. Having power to amuse or entertain the mind. [Rare.] Amusive birds! say where your hid retreat 94 Amusively (a-mūʼziv-li), adv. In an amusive manner. Amyelous (a-mi'el-us), a. [Gr. a, priv., and myelos, marrow.] In med. a term applied to the fetus in cases in which there is complete absence of the spinal marrow. Amyencephalous (a-mi'en-sef"'al-us),a. [Gr. a, priv., myelos, marrow, and encephalon, (which see).] In med. applied to a fetus in which both spinal marrow and encephalon are wanting. Amygdalate (a-migʻda-lāt), a. [L. amygdalus, an almond.] Pertaining to, resembling, or made of almonds. Amygdalate (a-migʻda-lāt), n. 1. An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds.2. A salt of amygdalic acid. Amygdalic (a-mig-dal'ik), a. Obtained from almonds; as, amygdalic acid (C20H26012), an acid obtained from bitter almonds. Amygdalin, Amygdaline (a-mig'da-lin), n. (C20H2NO11+3 H20.) A crystalline principle existing in bitter almonds, the leaves of the common laurel, and many other plants. Amygdaline (a-mig'da-lin), a. Pertaining to or resembling the almond. Amygdaloid (a-mig'da-loid), n. [Gr. amygdale, an almond, and eidos, form] A term applied to an igneous rock, especially trap, containing round or almond-shaped vesicles or cavities partly or wholly filled with crystalline nodules of various minerals, particularly calcareous spar, quartz, agate, zeolite, chlorite, &c. The nodules have been formed during the consolidation of the rock, or by subsequent infiltration of siliceous or calcareous solutions. When the imbedded minerals are detached, it is porous like lava. Amygdaloid, Amygdaloidal (a-mig'daloid, a-mig'da-loid"al), a. 1. Almond-shaped. 2. Pertaining to amygdaloid. Amygdalus (a-migʻda-lus), n. [Gr. amygdalos, an almond-tree.] A genus of trees and shrubs, nat. order Rosaceæ, especially known by the stone of the drupaceous fruit which incloses the kernel or seed being coarsely furrowed, and by the young leaves being folded in halves. A. communis is the almond-tree, and A. persica the peach and nectarine. See ALMOND, PEACH, NECTARINE. Amyl, Amyle (am'il), n. [Gr. amylon, the finest flour, starch, neut. of adjective amylos, unground-a, priv., and myle, a mill. Lit. not ground at the mill, amylon having been prepared without grinding.] (C5 H11-) A hypothetical radical, said to exist in many compounds, as amylic alcohol, &c. This substance cannot exist in the free state, the molecules at the moment of its liberation combining to form the substance decane (C10 H22).- Nitrite of amyl (Cs H11 NO2), an amber-coloured fluid, smelling and tasting like essence of pears, which has been employed as a resuscitator in cases of drowning and prolonged fainting or breathlessness, as after hard running or rowing, for relieving paroxysms of colic, spasms of tetanus, spasms of the heart, &c. It is generally inhaled by the nostrils, five to ten drops being poured on paper or cloth, and when used in this way it accelerates the action of the heart more than any known agent. It is absorbed, whether introduced by rubbing on the skin, by the stomach, or by inoculation. Amylaceous (am-il-a'shus), a. [See AMYL.] Pertaining to starch, or the farinaceous part of grain; resembling starch. Amylamine (a-mil'a-min), n. An organic base produced by treating amyl cyanate with caustic potash. There are three amylamines known, which are regarded as ammonia in which one, two, and three hydrogen atoms are respectively replaced by one, two, and three molecules of the radical amyl. The formulæ of these bodies, therefore, are NH2(Cs H11), NH (C5H11)2, and N (C5H11) Amylate (am'il-at), n. A compound of starch with a base. Amyl-corn (am'il-korn), n. [Gr. amylon, the finest flour, starch (see AMYL), and E. corn.] A species of grain from which starch was formerly produced. Wright. Amyle. See AMYL. Amylene (am'il-en), n. (CH10.) A hydrocarbon obtained by the dehydration of amylic alcohol by means of zinc chloride, &c. Amylene is a light, limpid, colourless liquid with a faint odour. At ordinary temperatures it speedily evaporates. It possesses anæsthetic properties, and has been tried as a substitute for chloroform, but unsuc AN cessfully, as it has been proved to be extremely dangerous. Amylic (am-il'ik), a. Pertaining to amyl; derived from the radical amyl; as, amylic ether.-Amylic alcohol (CH120), called also Hydrate of Amyl, a transparent colourless liquid derived from the fermentation of starch. Under the name of fusel-oil it is a product of fermentation in distilleries, being contained in crude spirit, and its removal is a great object with distillers, as its presence, even in small quantity, much injures the properties of the spirit-Amylic fermentation, a process of fermentation in starch or sugar, in which amylic alcohol is produced. Amylin, Amyline (am'i-lin), n. [See AMYL] The insoluble portion of starch which constitutes the outer covering of the sphericles Amyloid (am'il-oid), a. [Amyl, and Gr. eidos, likeness. ] Resembling, or being of the nature of, amyl.-Amyloid degeneration, in pathol. a change of structure by which the tissue or organ affected presents chemical characters of amyloid compounds or sometimes of albuminoid substances. Amyloid (am'il-oid), n. In bot. a semi-gelatinous substance, analogous to starch, met with in some seeds, which becomes yellow in water after having been coloured blue by iodine. Amyraldism (am'i-rald-izm), n. Eccles. the doctrine of universal grace, as explained by Amyraldus or Amyrault of France in the seventeenth century. He taught that God desires the happiness of all men, and that none are excluded by a divine decree, but that none can obtain salvation without faith in Christ; that God refuses to none the power of believing, though he does not grant to all his assistance to improve this power. Amyraldist (am'i-rald-ist), n. One who believes in Amyraldism, or the doctrine of universal grace. Amyridaceae (a-mir'i-dā''sē-ē), n. pl. A nat. order of polypetalous plants (sometimes called Burseracea), consisting of tropical trees or shrubs, the leaves, bark, and fruit of which abound in fragrant resin. Myrrh, frankincense, and the gum-elemi of commerce are among their products. Amyris (am'i-ris), n. [From Gr. myrrha, myrrh.] A genus of plants, nat. order Amyridacea. The species, which are found in tropical climates, are fragrant resinous shrubs. A. Plumierii is said to yield part of the gum-elemi of commerce; A. toxifera is poisonous; while the wood of A. balsamifera furnishes a sort of rosewood. Amzel (am'zel), n. A name given to the blackbird or ouzel. Written also Amsel. An, A (an, a), indefinite art. [A. Sax. în, one, and also an, the indefinite article, the former being the original, the latter a developed meaning. As an indefinite article it was in Anglo-Saxon declined both in the singular and the plural, in the latter case the meaning being some, sole, only; as, ane feawa wordû, a few words. See ONE.] A word used before nouns in the singular number to denote an individual as one among many or several belonging to the same class, and not having the same definite sense or the same force of emphasis as the, which marks a thing as contemplated by itself; as, Noah built an ark of gopher wood; Paul was an eminent apostle; bring me an orange: different from, Noah built the ark; Paul was the most eminent of the apostles; bring me the orange lying on that plate. Although an, a, and one are really the same word, and always have virtually the same sense, yet by custom an and a are used exclusively as an indefinite adjective and one is used in numbering, or where it is 'ntended to lay emphasis on the fact that one and only one is meant; as, bring me one orange, that is, one and no more than one In such phrases as 'once an hour,' 'twice an age, a shilling an ounce,' an has a distributive force, being equivalent to each, every. An was originally the only form of this word, but about the beginning of the thirteenth century, if not earlier, the n began to be dropped occasionally before words beginning with a consonant, and an is now rarely used except before words beginning with a vowel sound, or the sound of h when the accent falls on any syllable except the first; as, an inn, an umpire, an heir. an historian, an historiographer. As words beginning with the letter u or the combination eu are often preceded in pronunciation AN by the consonantal sound of y, such words do not take the form an before them; as, a university, a European reputation. This rule is not always followed, however, even by good writers. An useless waste of life.' Macaulay. An eunuch.' Congreve. Sometimes the form an is used before h even in those words which have the accent on the first syllable. Byron, for example, has an hero An-. 1 [The same negative particle is seen in Lin, Skr. an-, E. Goth. and O. H.G. un-, all denoting negation.] The full form of the Greek negative prefix, but only used where necessary to prevent hiatus (that is, before a vowel), as in anarchy. Before a consonant it becomes a -2. A shortened form of the prefix ana, as in anchoret, aneurism, anode. See ANA. An' (an), conj. [See AND, if] 1. Old English for f, as, 'an thou wert my father as thou art but my brother.' Beau. & Fl.-2. As if. I will roar you an't were any nightingale. -An if, if; though. Shak. Shak. An if a man did need a poison now.... Here is a caitiff wretch would sell it him. Ana (an'a) [Same word as E. on, G. an. Goth ana] 1. A Greek preposition much employed as a prefix in words of Greek origin, and implying primarily up, up to, motion upward. In composition, besides having its primary sense, as in anabasis, it also denotes repetition, as in anabaptist; inversion or transposition, as in anachronism, anagram; distribution, as in analysis; parallelism, as in analogy. -2. In med. used in prescriptions to indicate an equal quantity of each, and often written aa; thus, Pulv. Rhei et Zinzib, aa 3ij powder of rhubarb and ginger of each two drachms. Ana (a'na) The neuter plural termination of Latin adjectives in anus, often forming an affix to the names of eminent men to denote a collection of their memorable sayingsthus Scaligeriana, Johnsoniana, the sayings of Scaliger, of Johnson, or to denote a collection of anecdotes, or gossipy matter, as in boriana. Hence, as an independent noun, books recording such sayings; the sayings themselves. But, all his vast heart sherris-warmed Tennyson. Anabaptism (an-a-bap'tizm), n. [ See ANABAPTIST.) The doctrine or practices of the Anabaptists. Anabaptist (an-a-bap'tist), n. [Gr. ana, again, and baptistes, a baptist.] One who holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults, or of the invalidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of rebaptism at an adult age. With this is generally associated the doctrine of baptism by immersion. Anabaptistic, Anabaptistical (an'a-baptistik, an'a-bap-tis'tik-al), a. Relating to the Anabaptists or to their doctrines. Anabaptistry (an-a-bap'tis-tri), n. sert, practices, or doctrine of Anabaptists. Anabaptistry was suppressed in Munster.' Eph Pagit [Rare.] The Anabaptize (an'a-bap-tiz"), v.t. pret. & pp anabaptized; ppr. anabaptizing. To rebaptize. Though some called their profound ignorances new Eghts, they were better anabaptized into the appellaof extinguishers Whitlock. Anabas (an'a-bas), n. (Gr. anabas, part. of second sor, of anabaino, to go up, to mount, to climb-ana, up, and baino, to go.] A genus of fishes, the type of the family Anabasida (which see) Anabasida, Anabatidæ (an-a-bas′i-dē, ana-bat'i-de), n. pl. A family of acanthopterygius fishes, remarkable for having the pharyngeal bones (or those supporting the Chinibing Perch (Anabas scandens), orifice between the mouth and gullet) much enlarged and modified into a series of labyrinthine cells and duplications, so that they can retain sufficient water to keep the gills moist and enable the fish to live out of water as long as six days. The Anabas scandens, r climbing perch of India, a fish about 6 inches long, proceeds long distances over 95 dry land in search of pools, when deserted by the water in which it has been living. The statement that it can climb the rough stems of palm-trees is now, however, considered unworthy of credit. The Ophicephalus marginatus, another member of the family, is often seen traversing the grass during the rainy season. Many of the species are much esteemed as food. Anabasis (an-ab'a-sis), n. [Gr. -ana, up, and basis, a going, from baino, to go.] 1. Lit. a going up; specifically, applied to the work of Xenophon descriptive of the expedition of Cyrus from Sardis, on the coast of Asia Minor, into the interior, with the view of dethroning his brother Artaxerxes, the great king of Persia, and including also an account of the retreat of the ten thousand Greek mercenaries under the leadership of Xenophon.-2. Any expedition from the coast inland, especially military. The anabasis of Napoleon.' De Quincey. Anabasse (an-a-bas), n. [Fr.] A coarse kind of blanketing made in Normandy and in Holland for the African market. Anabatidæ. See ANABASIDE. Anableps (an'a-bleps), n. [Gr. anablepo, to look up.] A genus of malacopterygian fishes, remarkable for the structure of their eyes. These project and have two pupils, and each eye appears as if double, so that Anableps tetraophthalmus. the animal seems to have four eyes; but there is only one crystalline humour, one vitreous humour, and one retina. The A. tetraophthalmus inhabits the rivers of Guiana. It has a cylindrical body, a flat head, and a blunt snout. It brings forth its young alive, and in a considerable state of development. Anabole (an-ab'ō-lē), n. [Gr.-ana, up, and bole, a throwing, from ballo, to throw.] In med. an evacuation upwards; an act by which certain matters are rejected by the mouth, including exspuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and vomiting. Anacampseros (an-a-kamp'se-ros), n. [Gr. anakampto, to make to turn back (from ana, back, and kampto, to bend), and eros, love.] 1. A plant to which the ancients attributed the quality of restoring or inducing the return of the passion of love.-2. A genus of succulent, shrubby plants, nat. order Portulaceae, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The flowers are large, white, rose, purple, or yellow, with twelve to twenty stamens; leaves crowded, imbricated, sessile, ovatetrigonous, terete or sub-globose, with stipules cut into five segments, often hairlike. Several species are cultivated in greenhouses. Anacamptic (an-a-kam'tik), a. (Gr. ana, back, and kampto, to bend.] Reflecting or reflected; specifically, a term formerly applied to that part of optics which treats of reflection. Now called Catoptrics. See CATOPTRICS.-Anacamptic sounds, sounds produced by reflection, as echoes. Anacamptically (an-a-kam'tik-al-li), adv. By reflection; as, echoes are sounds anacamptically produced. [Rare.] Anacamptics (an-a-kam'tiks), n. The doctrine of reflected light. See CATOPTRICS. An osseous fish Anacanth (an'a-kanth), n. of the order Anacanthini. Anacanthini (an'a-kan-thi"ni), n. pl. [Gr. neg. prefix an, and akantha, a spine.] An order of osseous fishes, including the cod, plaice, &c., with spineless fins, cycloid or ctenoid scales, the ventral fins either absent or below the pectorals, and ductless swimbladder. This order contains many existing edible fishes. Anacanthous (an-a-kan'thus), a. Spineless; specifically, a term applied to fishes of the order Anacanthini. Anacardiaceæ (an-a-kär'di-a”sē-ē), n. pl. A nat. order of polypetalous plants, with small flowers and compound dotless leaves, chiefly natives of tropical America, Africa, and India They consist of woody plants, abounding in an acrid resin, their juice being often used as a varnish. Its use, however, is dangerous, on account of the extreme acridity of the fumes. To the order belong the sumach, the pistacias, the mango (Mangifera indica), the cashew (Anacardium occidentale), the mark ANACLASTIC ing-nut (Semecarpus Anacardium), the varnish-tree of Martaban (Melanorrhoea usitatissima), and the Japan-lacquer (Rhus vernix). Mastic is the produce of Pistacia Lentiscus, a bush 10 or 12 feet high, growing on the coasts and islands of the Mediterranean. Anacardic (an-a-kar'dik), a. Pertaining to the shell of the cashew-nut. Anacardic acid (C4H607), an acid of an aromatic and burning flavour found in the pericarps of the cashew-nut. It is white and crystalline. Anacardium (an -a - kär' di- um), n. [Gr. anakardion-ana, according to, resembling, and kardia, the heart, the fruit being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.] A genus of woody plants, nat. order Anacardiaceae, natives of tropical America. They have a kidney-shaped fruit, borne on a fleshy pearshaped receptacle. The receptacle is edible, and has an agreeable acid and somewhat astringent flavour. The fruits of A. occidentale are roasted, and the kernels having their acidity thus destroyed are the pleasant and wholesome cashew-nuts. (See CASHEW-NUT.) This tree yields a gum having qualities like those of gum-arabic, imported from South America under the name of Cadjii Gum. Anacatharsis (an'a-ka-tharsis), n. [Gr. ana, upward, and kathairó, to cleanse.] In med. purgation upward; also cough, attended by expectoration. In Anacathartic (an'a-ka-thär" tik), a. med. throwing upward; cleansing by exciting discharges from the mouth or nose, as vomiting, expectoration, &c. Anacathartic (an'a-ka-thär''tik), n. A medicine which excites discharges by the mouth or nose, as expectorants, emetics, sternutatories, and masticatories. Anacephalæosis (an-a-se-fal'ē-ō"sis), n. [Gr. anakephalaiosis, from anakephaloio, to sum up-ana, up, and kephale, a head.] In rhet. a summing up; recapitulation of the principal heads of a discourse. Anacharis (an-ak'är-is), n. [From ana, for Gr. neg. prefix an-, and charis, favour, from being often a nuisance.] A genus of plants, nat order Hydrocharidaceae, the species of which grow in ponds and streams of fresh water; water-thyme or water-weed. A. Alsinastrum has been introduced from North America into British rivers, canals, and ponds, and by its rapid growth in dense tangled masses tends to choke them so as materially to impede navigation. It is a favourite food of swans and some other water-birds. From its weight it does not, like other plants, float when cut, but sinks to the bottom. It was first observed in Britain in 1842. Anachorett (an-ak'ō-ret), n. An anchoret. 'An anachoret, the worst of all prisoners.' Bp. Hall. ReAnachoretical (an-ak'ō-ret"ik-al), a. lating to or resembling an anachoret or anchoret. Anachoritet (an-ak'ō-rit), n. Same as Anchoret. Monks, hermits, anachorites, that contemn the world.' Burton. Anachronic, Anachronical (an-a-kron'ik, an-a-kron'ik-al), a. Same as Anachronous. Anachronism (an-ak'ron-izm), n. [Gr. ana, implying inversion, error, and chronos, time.] An error in computing time; any error which implies the misplacing of persons or events in time, as where Shakspere makes Hector quote Aristotle, who lived several hundred years after the assumed date of Hector, or where an artist introduces cannon into an historical picture belonging to a date previous to the invention of gunpowder; anything foreign to or out of keeping with a specified time. Anachronisms may be made in regard to mode of thought, style of writing, and the like, as well as in regard to events. The famous anachronism (of Virgil) in making Æneas and Dido contemporaries.' Dryden. Anachronistic, Anachronistical (an-ak'ron-ist"ik, an-ak'ron-ist"ik-al), a. Same as Anachronous. Anachronous (an-akʼron-us), a. Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism. Anaclasis (an-akʼla-sis), n. [Gr., a bending back or recurvature.] In surg. a recurvature of any part, as of a joint or fractured limb. Anaclastic (an-a-klas'tik), a. [From Gr. anaklasis, a bending back, reflection of light or sound-Gr. ana, back, and klasis, a breaking, from klaō, to break.] 1. Pertaining to or produced by the refraction of light: a |