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Horace's Odes Englished and Imitated, by various hands, selected and arranged by Charles W. J. Cooper. London: George Bell and Sons. 1889.

This collection is in two parts, the first being simple translations, the second part being made up of burlesques, imitations, and satires founded upon the Odes of Horace. The best of these were written by the authors of The Rejected Addresses, James and Horace Smith.

Lexiphanes, a Dialogue, imitated from Lucian, and suited to the present Times, with a dedication to Lord Lyttleton. 1767. A piece of satire directed against Dr. Johnson by one Archibald Campbell.

The Sale of Authors. A Dialogue in imitation of Lucian.

1767.

The New Lucian, being a Series of Dialogues of the Dead. By H. D. Traill. London, 1884.

Burlesque upon Burlesque: or, the Scoffer Scoff d. Being some of Lucian's Dialogues newly put into English Fustian, for the Consolation of those who had rather Laugh and be Merry, than be Merry and Wise. By Charles Cotton. London.

Ovid Travestie, a Burlesque upon Ovid's Epistles. By (Captain) Alexander Radcliffe. London, J. Tonson. 1680. The Wits Paraphras'd; or, Paraphrase upon Paraphrase. In a Burlesque on the several late translations of Ovid's Epistles. London, 1680.

Ovid in London: Ludicrous Poem in Six Cantos. By a
Member of the University of Oxford. London: W.
Anderson, 1814.

Scarronides: or, Virgil Travestie. A Mock Poem on the
First and Fourth Books of Virgil's "Eneis," in English
Burlesque. By Charles Cotton. London, 1670.
There have been many editions of this burlesque.
A Kerry Pastoral. in imitation of the First Eclogue of
Virgil. Edited by T. C. Croker. (Reprint 1843).
Maronides, or Virgil Travestie, being a New Paraphrase
upon Book V. of Virgil's Æneids, in Burlesque Verse.
By John Phillips. 1672.

The Canto added by Maphæus to Virgil's Twelve Books of
Eneas, from the original Bombastic, done into English
Hudibrastic; with Notes beneath, and Latin text in
every other page annext. By John Ellis. 1758.

Those who wish to see an almost perfect specimen of a classical parody must turn to Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, July 1823, in which they will find

An Idyl on the Battle.

FISTS and the man I sing, who, in the valleys of Hampshire Close to the borough of Andover, one fine day of the springtime,

Being the twentieth of May, (the day moreover was Tuesday,)

Eighteen hundred and twenty-three, in a fistical combat, Beat, in a hardful of rounds, Bill Neat, the Butcher of Bristol.

What is the hero's name? Indeed, 'tis bootless to mention. Every one knows 'tis Spring-Tom Spring, now Champion of England.

In a somewhat similar vein of parody is Tom Moore's Milling-Match between Entellus and Dares. Translated from the Fifth book of the Eneid.

WITH daddles high upraised, and nob held back,
In awful prescience of the impending thwack,
Both kiddies stood-and with prelusive spar,
And light manoeuvring kindled up the war.

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Many of the beautiful legends of the old Grecian mythology have been chosen as the themes for burlesques, both poetical and dramatic.

A list of the dramatic burlesques will be given later on, of the poetical mythological burlesques many may be found in Punch, and the other comic papers; the following origin. ally appeared in the Hornet:

PYGMALION; OR, THE STATUE FAIR.
THERE was an ancient classic swell,
An interesting alien,
His kinsfolk called him "Piggy," but
His full name was Pygmalion.
Like many a high artistic Greek,
He got his bread by chiselling;
I don't mean running into debt,
And then by moonlight mizzling.

I don't mean billiards, cards or dice,
At which the sharper garbles
Some spooney flat. The only game
Pygmalion played was marbles.

He chiselled marble into forms
Defying competition;

And won no end of Kudos at

Each R. A. Exhibition.

One eve, he'd worked the whole day long,
And felt used up and wearied ;
His subject was a Grecian Bend
Or Lady of the Period.

Now Piggy was a lonely man,
Since he had never mated;
But always kept a celibate,
Although so celebrated.

So when he laid his chisel down,
And saw that fair creation,
He said as critics often say-
"She lacks but animation!

And straightway Love and Phantasy,
Like disobedient vassals,
Heedless of Reason, in his brain,
Went building Spanish castles.
He thought it would be very nice
Each morning could he see
Presiding at his breakfast-board
Just such a Mrs. P.

He pictured her at parties, fêtes,
In pinery or grapery,
Looking as she was looking then-
Plus just a little drapery.

He bent on her a steadfast gaze
(Mesmeric 'twas, I'm thinking)
And straight her sympathetic lids
Moved like-yes, just like-winking.

She breathed-she lived-she came to him,

And he embraced her quick;

"You are not stone!" he fondly cried"You are a little brick!"

His vision thus was realised;
Next morning he was able
To see that partner exquisite
Presiding at his table.

He ordered in no end of "things,"
He thought it but his duty;
Since, even for that antique age,

Too "unadorned" her beauty.

And knowing well that spinsters prim
Would make her case a handle
For rude remark, he put a stop
Effectually to scandal.

For shortly in the Morning Post,
This won the Monde's regards-
"Mr. PYGMALION, R. A.,

Married Miss STONE. No cards."

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This contains Latin versions of all the most celebrated short English poems, including Gray's Elegy, the Burial of Sir John Moore, and some nursery rhymes.

Before leaving the Classics mention must be made of a curious branch of poetry entitled Macaronic verse. Examples of this, and many of them very ingenious, are to be found in Poetical Ingenuities and Eccentricities selected by William T. Dobson. London. Chatto and Windus, 1882.

Octave Delepierre also wrote several essays on the subject, the principal being entitled Littérature Macaronique.

One of the best of these literary curiosities is a small pamphlet (to be had of Mr. J. Vincent, Oxford,) entitled

"Uniomachia; a Greek-Latin Macaronic Poem," by Thomas Jackson, M.A. This was originally published in 1833, with a translation into English verse (after the manner of the late ingenious Mr. Alexander Pope), styled "The Battle at the Union."

Another humorous pamphlet also published by Vincent, Viae per Angliam Ferro Stratae, and written by Mr. Fanshawe of Baliol College in 1841, was a comical skit on the early railways, in Latin hexameters.

Many Macaronic poems have appeared in Punch from time to time, to the great delight and amusement of classical scholars. The following, published in March, 1852, is a fine example of this class of learned frivolity :

THE DEATH OF THE SEA-SERPENT,

By Publius Jonathan Virgilius Jefferson Smith. ARMA virumque cano, qui first, in the Monongahela, Tarnally squampush'd the Sarpent, mittens horrentia tela. Musa, look smart with your Banjo! I guess, to relate or invent, I

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But the brow of the skipper was cloudy cum sollicitudine mentis ;

For whales had been skase in them pearts; and the clipper, so long as he'd known her,

Ne'er had gather'd less ile in her cruise, to gladden the heart of her owner.

"Darn the whales!" cried the skipper at length, "with a telescope forte videbo

Aut pisces, aut terras." While speaking, just two or three points on the lee bow,

He saw coming towards them, as fast as though to a combat 't would tempt 'em,

A monstrum, horrendum, informe (cui lumen was shortly ademptum).

On the taffrail up jumps in a hurry dux fortis, and seizing a trumpet,

With a blast that would waken the dead, mare turbat et aëra rumpit

"Tumble up, all you lubbers!" he cries, "tumble up!

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If he does feel like running, he knows it won't do to betray it before 'em.

"O Socii," inquit, "I'm sartin you air not the fellers to funk, or

Shrink from the durum certamen, whose fathers fought bravely to Bunker.

You who have waged with the bars, and the buffeler, proelia dura,

Down to the freshes, and licks of our own free enlighten'd Missourer !

You who could whip your own weight catulis sævis sine telo,

Get your eyes skinn'd in a twinkling, et ponite tela phaselo!'

Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus æger,

Marshalls his 'cute little band, now panting their foe to beleaguer.

Swiftly they lower the boats, and swiftly each man at his oar is,

Excipe Britanni timidi duo, virque coloris ;

(Blackskin, you know, never feels how sweet 'tis pro

patriâ mori;

OVID had him in view when he said, "Nimium ne crede colori.")

Now swiftly they pull towards the monster, who seeing the cutter and gig nigh,

Glares at them with terrible eyes, suffectis sanguine et igni ;

And never conceiving their chief so swiftly will deal him a floorer,

Opens wide, to receive them at once, his linguis vibrantibus ora;

But just as he's licking his lips, and gladly preparing to taste 'em,

Straight into his eyeball the skipper stridentem conjicit hastam.

Soon as he feels in his eyeball the lance, growing mightily sulky,

At 'em he comes in a rage ore minax, linguâque trisulcâ. "Starn all!" cry the sailors at once, for they think he has certainly caught 'em ;

Præsentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.

But the bold skipper exclaims, "O terque quaterque beati !

Now, with a will, dare viam, when I want you, be only parati;

This hoss feels like raising his hair, and in spite of his scaly old cortex,

Full soon you shall see that his corpse rapidus vorat æquore vortex."

Hoc ait, and choosing a lance, "With this one I think I shall hit it."

He cries; and straight into its mouth ad intima viscera mittit.

Screeches the crittur in pain, and writhes till the sea is commotum,

As if all its waves had been lash'd in a tempest per Eurum et Notum ;

Interea terrible shindy NEPTUNUS sensit, et alto

Prospiciens sadly around, wiped his eye with the cuff of his paletôt ;

And mad at his favourite's fate, of oaths utter'd two or three thousand,

Such as, Corpo di Bacco! Mehercule!

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Sacré ! Mille

But the skipper, who thought it was time to this terrible fight dare finem,

With a scalping-knife jumps on the neck of the snake, secat et dextrâ crinem ;

And hurling the scalp in the air, half wild with delight to possess it,

Shouts, "Darn it! We've fixed up his flint, for in ventos vita recessit."

shore, he sinks to a watery grave; a comrade who had arrived at the brink too late to be of service, hastens to relate the pitiful tale to a council of his fellows, and war is at once declared against the Frogs.

Jupiter and the gods deliberate in Olympus on the issue of the contest. Mars and Minerva decline personal interference, partly from awe inspired by such mighty combatants, and partly from the ill will they bear towards the contending parties.

A band of mosquitoes sound the war-alarum with their trumpets, and, after a bloody engagement, the frogs are defeated with great slaughter. Jupiter, sympathising with their fate, endeavours in vain by his thunders to intimidate the victors from further pursuit. The rescue of the frogs is at last effected by an army of landcrabs, which marches up, attacks the mice, and drives them from the field in great disorder.

Wesley's translation of the denouement is a specimen of
the mock-heroic style which runs through the original :—
The Muses, knowing all things, list not show
The wailing for the Dead and Funeral Rites,
To blameless Ethiopians must they go

To feast with Jove for twelve succeeding nights.
Therefore abrupt thus end they. Let suffice
The gods' august assembly to relate,
Heroic Frogs and Demigods of Mice,
Troxartes' vengeance and Pelides' fate.

Hosts routed, lakes of gore, and hills of slain,
An Iliad, work divine! raised from a day's campaign.

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THE OLDEST CLASSICAL BURLESQUE.

Batrachomyomachia is the cheerful title of the oldest burlesque extant, and even if we do not accept the tradition which assigns its composition to Homer, we may safely consider it to be the earliest of the many travesties of the heroic style of the "Iliad" and " Odyssey."

According to Plutarch, the real author was one Pigres, of Halicarnassus, who flourished during the Persian war. Statius conjectures that Homer wrote it when a youth, as a trial of his poetical powers; whilst the author of one of finest English translations of Homer, George Chapman, asserts that the work was composed in his old age; when, disgusted with the neglect and ingratitude of his contemporaries, he set to work to show that he could elevate and dignify the wars and struggles of insignificant animals, as he had previously described the heroic actions of the Greeks and Trojans.

Samuel Wesley published an English translation of the Batrachomyomachia, which he called "The Iliad in a Nutshell." He speaks of it "as perhaps the best, as well as the oldest burlesque in the world."

The following is a synopsis of the plot of this poem, generally known as the Battle of the Frogs and Mice.

A mouse, having just escaped the pursuit of a hungry weasel, stays by the edge of a pond to drink and take breath, when a frog swims up, enters into conversation, and invites the mouse to visit his abode. The mouse consents, and mounts upon the back of the frog, who swims into the middle of the pool. Suddenly an otter appears, the terrified frog dives to the bottom, leaving the mouse to struggle with the foaming billows. Unable to reach the

Burlesques of Educational Works

GUIDES, TUTORS' ASSISTANTS, AND HISTORIES.

In Alphabetical Order.

The Art of Pluck. Being a Treatise after the Fashion of Aristotle; writ for the use of Students in the Universities. By Scriblerus Redivivus. (This clever work was written by the Rev. Edward Caswell, and first published in 1835. It has run through many editions, and can still be obtained from Mr. J. Vincent, Bookseller, Oxford.)

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The Book of Fun; or, Laugh and Learn. London: James Gilbert. This contained "The Illustrated English Grammar;" "Rhetoric and Elocution; " "Illustrated Arithmetic or, Cyphering made Comical; "The Comic History of Rome, and the Rumuns." These were all humourously illustrated. Catalogue of the Valuable Contents of Strawberry Hill, the Seat of Horace Walpole, 24 days' sale, by Mr. George Robins. This catalogue is often accompanied by the humorous parody: Specimen of the Catalogue of the Great Sale at Goosebery Hall, with Puffatory Remarks." The Comic Blackstone. By Gilbert Abbot à Beckett, with illustrations by George Cruikshank. London: Bradbury, Agnew & Co. Mr. G. A. à Beckett was fully qualified by his education as a barrister, and his practice as a Metropolitan Police Magistrate, to discourse learnedly of the law. He died in August, 1856.

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In 1887 his son, Mr. Arthur W. à Beckett, brought out a new, and enlarged edition of The Comic Blackstone, with illustrations by Mr. Harry Furniss. This was also published by Bradbury, Agnew & Co. Caricature History of the Georges; or, Annals of the House of Hanover, compiled by Thomas Wright, F.S.A. London: John Camden Hotten. Illustrated.

The original edition appeared as early as 1849, but
Hotten's later reprint was more complete.

"GEORGE the First vile was reckoned,
Viler still was George the Second.

And what mortal ever heard

Any good of George the Third ?
When the last to Hell descended,

The Lord be praised the Georges ended!"

Catalogue of the Valuable Contents of Strawberry Hill, the Seat of Horace Walpole, 24 days sale, by Mr. George Robins, 1842.

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Inserted in this is sometimes found a humorous parody on the Sale Catalogue. Specimen of the Catalogue of the Great Sale at Gooseberry Hall, with Puffatory Remarks."

The Comic Bradshaw; or, Bubbles from the Boiler. By Angus B. Reach. Illustrated by H. G. Hine. London: David Bogue, 1848.

This little pamphlet has no connection with the tedious and complicated book of reference alluded to in the title. It contains several parodies.

The Comic Cocker; or, Figures for the Million. With illustrations. This was published, without any author's name or date, by Ward and Lock, London. It was probably written by Alfred Crowquill, i.e, A. H. Forrester.

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The Comic English Grammar; a new and facetious introduction to the English tongue. By "Paul Prendergast,' i.e., Mr. Percival Leigh. With illustrations by John Leech. London: 1840. There have been numerous editions of this work.

Comic Etiquette Illustrated; or, Hints how to Conduct

Oneself in the Best Society, by an X.M.C. With sketches by T. Onwhyn. Very scarce. About 1840. The Comic Etiquette; or, Manners for the Million. By "A Nice Young Man." With numerous illustrations. London: Diprose and Bateman.

The Comic Guide to the Royal Academy for 1864. By the
Gemini. Illustrated. London: John Nichols, 1864.
The Comic History of England. By Gilbert Abbott à
Beckett. With illustrations by John Leech. London:
Bradbury. Agnew and Co., 1847-8.

The Comic History of England. By O. P. Q. Philander Smiff. With illustrations. London: Myra and Son. (This originally appeared in Figaro.)

The Comic History of England, Ireland, and Scotland.
London: Diprose and Bateman.
A Comic History of France.
Smiff. With sketches in
Myra and Son, 1888.

By O. P. Q. Philander French chalks. London:

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The Comic Latin Grammar; a new and facetious introduction to the Latin tongue. By Paul Prendergast. With illustrations by John Leech. ("Paul Prendergast" was Mr. Percival Leigh, a contributor to Punch from its commencement.) London : 1840.

A Companion to the Guide; and a Guide to the Companion; being a complete supplement to all the accounts of Oxford hitherto published. This satire on the Guide to Oxford was published anonymously in 1760. It was written by the Rev. Thomas Warton.

Craniology Burlesqued, in three Serio-Comic Lectures, recommended to the Patronage of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, by a Friend to Common Sense. London, 1818. Cricket. Edited by G. Hutchison, 1888. This contained several parodies.

Cricketers Guyed for 1886. By W. Sapte, Jun. With cuts. London: J. & R. Maxwell, 1886. This contains some valuable information for cricketers, given in a bright and humorous style.

"Break! break! break!

If only an inch," said he ;

And I would that my tongue dare utter
The words that I heard him mutter

As the ball was slogged for three.

The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Esq., while an Undergraduate at Cambridge. Cambridge: J. Palmer, 1866.

Drawing for the Million; or, Laugh and Learn. London: Diprose & Bateman.

England's Reformation, from the time of Henry the Eighth to the end of Oates's Plot. By T. Ward. A Hudi brastic poem describing the reformation from a Roman Catholic point of view. First published about 1700. English as She is Taught; being genuine answers to Exami nation questions in our Public Schools. Collected by Caroline B. Le Row, with a Commentary thereon by Mark Twain. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1887. Mark Twain's article on this subject had first appeared in the Century Magazine for April, 1887. English as She is Wrote, showing curious ways in which the English language may be made to convey ideas or obscure them. London: G. Routledge & Sons. This contained some curious Signboards, Advertisements, Epitaphs, and Parodies.

Freaks and Follies of Fabledom; a Little Lemprière, or Mythology made easy. London: John Ollivier, 1852. This is really a drawing-room Mythology.

Fun's Academy Skits. Skitched by Gordon Thomson, with Notes by "Nestor." London: "Fun" Office, 1881 and 1882. These contained numerous parodies, both poetical and pictorial.

Games made Game of. By Two Game Cocks. (Chess, Billiards, Cribbage, Forfeits, Cricket, Football, &c.) London: James Allen, 1857.

The Gladstone A. B. C. Illustrated. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood & Sons. (No date, but about 1884.)

The Great Exhibition "Wot is to be; or, probable results of the Industry of all Nations." By George Augustus Sala. London: 1851.

Harry Furniss's Royal Academy. An Artistic Joke. A Catalogue of the Exhibition, containing over Eighty illustrations after the Artists. London: 1887.

Harry Furniss's illustrations were parodies of paintings by the most famous artists of the day.

The Heraldry of Nature, comprising the Arms, Supporters,

Crests, and Mottoes of the English Peers, descriptive of their several qualities. With plates. London: 1785. A very satirical work; the following was the description it gave of the Arms of the dissolute Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV.: First, azure, the prince's cap, feathers disordered; second argent, four decanters azure; third gules, a fringed petticoat between three maidens' heads; fourth, sable, the ace of spades proper; fifth argent, a horse courant between three rattles; sixth gules, a quiver, the arrows scattered.

Supporters. The dexter, Cupid; the sinister, a monkey. Crest. A deer wounded.

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Hints on Etiquette, for the University of Oxford; to which are added some remarks on Honour." By Professor Taglioni Jonez. Oxford, 1838. This has been frequently reprinted, and can still be obtained from Mr. J. Vincent. Hints to Freshmen in the University of Oxford. Oxford: J. Vincent. This humorous work has been ascribed to Canon Hole. In addition to the "Hints to Freshmen," it contains nine excellent poetical parodies, extracts from which have already been quoted in this Collection. History of the Decline and Fall of the British Empire. By Edwarda Gibbon (Auckland, A. D. 2884.) London: Field & Tuer, 1884.

Homburg no Humbug; ye Diarie of Mr. Pips while there, with plates. London, 1867. Leading Cases done into English.

By an Apprentice of Lincoln's Inn. (Said to be Professor Pollock). London: Macmillan & Co. 1876. Manners and Customs of ye Englishe, drawn from ye Quicke, to which is added some Extracts from Mr. Pips, hys Diarie, contributed by Percival Leigh, illustrations by Richard Doyle. London: Bradbury & Evans, 1849. Marks and Re-marks for the Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Royal Academy, 1856. Written in the manner of Longfellow's Hiawatha. London: Golbourn, 1856. Max in the Metropolis. A Visit Paid by Yankee Doodle to Johnny Bull. By Max P. Romer. Illustrated. London: G. Routledge & Sons. 1887.

The Model Primer. By Eugene Field, of Denver Tribune. Published by Fred Tredwell, of Nassau Street, New York, U.S., and Bernard Quaritch, London. Illustrated by "Hop." 1886.

(This is one of the drollest of Yankee books of humour.) More Hints on Etiquette, for the use of Society at large, and Young Gentlemen in Particular. With cuts by George Cruikshank. London: Charles Tilt, 1838.

A parody of "Hints on Etiquette, and the Usages of Society with a glance at bad habits."

London: Longmans & Co. 1836.

Music for the Million; or, Singing made Easy. By Dick Crotchet. London: Diprose & Bateman.

The Mysteries of London, and Strangers Guide to the Art of Living and Science of Enjoyment in the Great Metropolis. By Father North. London: Hugh Cunningham, 1844. A satirical guide to London in the form of a dictionary.

Overland Journey to the Great Exhibition, showing a few Extra Articles and Visitors. Being a Panoramic Procession of humorous figures representing the various Peoples

of the Earth, exhibiting their national Characteristics, 109 inches in length. By Richard Doyle. London: 1851. A Parody upon the History of Greece. Published by the Society for the Confusion of Useful Knowledge. (By A. F. Braham.) London: W. S. Johnson. 1837. The Pictorial Grammar. By Alfred Crowquill. The first edition was published by Harvey and Darton, London, without any date, It has since been re-issued by William Tegg & Co, 1876.

(Mr. Alfred Henry Forrester, who wrote as "Alfred Crowquill," was born in London in 1806, and died May 26, 1872. He also wrote The Tutor's Assistant.) Picture Logic; or, the Grave made Gay, an Attempt to popularise the Science of Reasoning by the combination of Humorous Pictures with Examples of Reasoning taken from Daily Life. By Alfred Swinbourne, B.A., Queen's College, Oxford. London: Longmans & Co., 1875. The Pleader's Guide; a Didactic Poem, in two parts: containing Mr. Surrebutter's Poetical Lectures on the conduct of a Suit at Law (by J. Anstey). London: T. Cadell, 1804.

The Premier School-Board Primer; with forty illustrations. London: E. Appleyard, 1884.

A Satire on Mottos, being a literal translation and Criticism on all the Mottos which now decorate the Arms of the English Nobility and the Sixteen Peers of Scotland, with humorous reflections on each. (A skit on heraldry.) Showell's Comic Guide to the Inventories. London, 1885. The Story of the Life of Napoleon III., as told by Popular Caricaturists of the last Thirty Years. London: John Camden Hotten, 1871.

Tom Treddlehoyle's Peep at t' Manchister Art Treasures Exhebishan e 1857, an uther wunderful things beside at cum in hiz way it' city of Manchister. 1857. Transactions of the Loggerville Literary Society. London: Printed for Private Circulation by J. R. Smith, 36, Soho Square, 1867. Illustrated. This singular work contains a "Concise History of England," in 61 verses, a burlesque examination paper, and "Dandyados," a Tragedy, which is a parody of "Bombastes Furioso.'

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The Tutor's Assistant; or Comic Figures of Arithmetic ; slightly altered and elucidated from Walking-Game. By Alfred Crowquill, i.e. A. H. Forrester. London, 1843. The World Turned inside out; or Comic Geography, and Comic History of England. With Illustrations. London: Diprose and Bateman (originally published in 1844).

A MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM.

IF you take the mean of an isosceles triangle, bisect it at one and an eighth, giving a centrifugal force of three to one; then describe a gradient on its periphery of to the square inch, throwing off the right angles from the previously ascertained square root, you form a rhomboid whose base is equal to the circumference of a circle of twice its own cubic contents. These premisses being granted it stands to reason that it is impossible for a steam engine of 40 H. P. nominal to go through a tunnel of the same dimensions, without tearing the piston cock off the main boiler, even with the rotation derived from a double stuffing box, high pressure steam, and a vacuum of 43°. Q. E. D.

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