are well paid, and by my consent should be better if they would pray oftener, and preach less.

But of all other commodities, as this, the worst are sent us, and we had few that we could boast of, since the persecution in Cromwell's tiranny drove divers worthy men hither. But I thank God, there are no free schools, nor printing, and I hope we shall not have, these hundred years; for learning has brought disobedience, and heresy, and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels against the best government. God keep us from both."

CHAPTER IX.

AFFAIRS FROM A.D., 1672 TO A.D., 1685.

GOVERNOR BERKELEY'S IRRITABILITY.

HIS MARRIAGE.

SECOND ATTACK AT P'T COMFORT BY THE DUTCH. GODWYN, THE CLERGYMAN, CRITICISES THE COLONY. NATHANIEL BACON, THE YOunger. INDIAN TRoubles. RASHNESS OF MASON AND WASHINGTON. BACON'S REBELLION. BERKELEY'S REMONSTRANCE. BACON'S CONFESSION. SUBSEQUENT TROUBLES. EXECUTION OF INSURGENTS. ARRIVAL Of Troops. DEPUTY GOVERNORS JEFFREYS AND CHICHELEY. GOVERNORS CULPEPPER AND HOWARD.

B

ERKELEY, in applying for a release of the cus

tom charges upon certain hogsheads of tobacco, confesses to Lord Arlington, that "age and misfortune have withered his desires, as well as his hopes. Though ambition commonly leaves sober, old age; covetousness does not." In the desire for gain, it is probable, as his enemies charged, that he favored contractors, and monopolists and thus produced a wide spread discontent.

Edmundson, a Quaker preacher, whose zeal was not without knowledge, and a companion of the celebrated, "mellow voiced," George Fox, visited Virginia in 1672, and in his journal, has described an interview with the Governor, on his journey from Carolina. He writes: "As I returned, it was laid upon me, to visit the Governor Sir William Bar

clay [Berkeley] and to speak with him about Friends sufferings. I went about six miles out of my way to speak with him, accompanied by William Garrett', an honest and ancient Friend. I told the Governor, that I came from Ireland, where his brother was Lord Lieutenant, who was kind to our Friends; and if he had any service for me, to his brother, I would willingly do it; and as his brother was kind to our Friends in Ireland, I hoped he would be so to our Friends in Virginia.

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"He was very peevish and brittle, and I could fasten nothing on him, with all the soft arguments I could use The next day, was the men's meeting at William Wrights' house, the justice [Taverner] went to the meeting, about eight or nine miles, and several other persons came to the meeting, particularly Richard Bennett, alias Major General Bennett. Justice Taverners wife came to me, and told me, that the Major General, and others, were below, staying to speak with me; so I went down to them. They were courteous, and said, they only stayed to see me, and acknowl

William Garrett, bricklayer, was one of the first immigrants arriving in 1607, at Jamestown. In April, 1620, there was present at a meeting of the Virginia Company in London, a William Jarratt (Garrett ?) described as an inhabitant of Virginia, for thirteen years.

Another William Garrett aged about 17, came in the ship" George," in 1619, as one of the servants of Abraham Piersey

Lord Berkeley of Stratton was one of the sons of Sir Maurice of Bruton, was knighted in 1638, and in 1640, a member of Parliament, in 1642, Commissary General under Hopton, in 1654, was present at the baptism of Henrietta Maria infant of the King. Fled with King Charles and resided in Paris. From 1652 to 1655, served under Turenne the great French officer. He was created by Charles the Second Baron Berkeley of Stratton May 19, 1652, and in 1659, was made Lord President of Connaught. In 1668, he brought Twickenham Park, and in 1670, was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

A William Wright was under sheriff of James City County.

* * * -*

edge what I had spoken, in the meeting, was truth. I told them the reason of our Friends, drawing apart from them, was to lay down a method to provide for our poor widows and fatherless children. The Major General replied, he was glad to hear there was such care and order among us. He further said, he was a man of great estate, and many of our Friends, poor men; therefore he desired to contribute with them. He likewise asked me "How I was treated by the Governor?' I told him 'he was brittle and peevish, and I could get nothing fastened on him He asked me 'If the Governor called me dog, rogue, etc.' I said 'No.' Then,' said he, 'You took him in his best humor, those being his usual terms, when he is angry, for he is an enemy to every appearance of good.' They were tender and loving, and we parted so, the Major General desiring to see me at his house, which I was willing to do and accordingly went." Bennett did not live long after this, for Edmundson writes: "He was a solid, wise man, receiving the truth, and died in the same, leaving two Friends, executors."

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About this time the gossips of the Colony were busy with their tongues. The old Governor frequently did things which occasioned surprise, but astonishment was never greater, than when it was announced, that Berkeley, now more than three score years of age, had married Frances1 the

1 At a meeting of the General Court on April 20, 1670, the petition of Mrs. Frances Stephens relict of Capt. Samuel was read, asking that she might be immediately possessed of the lands and personal estate at Boldrux, Warwick County, where John Hill then lived, and the next day the will of her husband was recorded.

The prominent men of Virginia were inclined to widows. Governor Harvey married in his declining years the widow of Councillor Richard Stephens. The

vigorous and energetic widow of Samuel Stephens. After Drummond's term as Governor of Albemarle expired, Samuel Stephens of Warwick County, in October, 1667, was chosen. to succeed him, and died about two years after, leaving his widow a good estate.

Difficulties again occurring between England and Holland, eight ships of war bearing the flag of the latter, in July, 1673, appeared off Point Comfort, and for four hours fought two English men-of-war, took eight merchant vessels and sunk five. A sloop containing Capt. James Carteret the weak and dissipated son of Sir George, and his young bride was suffered to be run ashore. One of the captured vessels, was a schooner from New York, and a passenger, Samuel Hopkins, informed the Dutch Admiral, that New York was not well protected, and the fleet then proceeded thither, and took the town.

About the time that Philip Mallory, the respected clergyman, went to England, Assembly of 1660-1, asked, that the King would request the Universities of Oxford, and Cambridge, to send over competent ministers. Morgan Godwyn, also written Godwin' who belonged to a family of theowidow of Governor Seth Sothel, of Carolina, whose maiden name was Anu Willis of Ipswich, Massachusetts, took for her fourth husband Col. John Lear of Virginia. Sir Henry Chicheley married the widow Agatha Wormeley. Richard Lawrence, the insurgent, married a prosperous widow who kept a tavern at Jamestown. No explanation has been found of the following, in a letter of Sir John Berkeley written at Paris, as early as Sept. 20, 165-, to Edward Hyde. afterwards Earl of Clarendon : "Will. Berkeley is married in Virginia. His sister Jane is coming to France."

His great-grandfather was Thomas Godwin, chaplain in ordinary to Queen Elizabeth and advanced to the Bishopric of Bath and Wells.

His grandfather was Francis Godwin, boru A. D., 1561, educated at Christ church, Oxford, and made by King James, Bishop of Hereford.

His father, Morgan, died in 1645, and was Archdeacon of Shropshire