unable to follow the few steps of this reasoning, pleasantly charges Mr. Crawford with a monstrous non-sequitur!" Ho also thinks he discovers "no little ambiguity in this paragraph, [quoted from Mr. Crawford, page 55] for the first hardship complained of is, that the British subject cannot lend his money on the security of landed property, and the second grievance sets forth that he cannot borrow on such good terms as the Government." Now there is no such second grievance set forth or insinuated in the paragraph quoted. Under any circumstances Government will be able to raise money at lower interest than individuals. Mr. Mangles next observes that of the available capital of India" ninety per cent at the very least is in the hands of natives, or Indo-Britons, who are subject to no limitations. with regard to its disposal. It is necessary to draw a distinction here, because every farthing possessed by those classes may be devoted, if they please it, to improve the agriculture and commerce of the country; and cannot, in consequence be said to be unjustifiably drawn off' from that description of investment, into the public treasury." Mr. Mangles overlooks the correlative restrictions which affect natives. If Europeans who possess the skill to extract the greatest value from land, and are therefore able to offer the highest price for it, are not permitted to give that highest price, natives are not permitted to take it; nor to benefit in various ways from the improvements which the former would introduce, and which the latter, according to Mr. Mangles own description of their powers, are totally incapable of introducing. They cannot," if they please it," apply capital to the agricultural and commercial resources of this country.

Clouded as Mr. Mangles' view of the subject of colonization is, he offers himself to Mr. Crawford" as an ally in the good cause," on the slight condition that the colonists shall cheerfully submit to the power of summary transmission! Any man "of average strength of nerve," he thinks, may look on with tolerable intrepedity while his neighbour is kidnapped. He need not fear the same fate if he will be conformable, and never be provoked by the absence of legal protection to attempt to enforce his own rights or to resist encroachments on them. Let strength of nerve and robustness of mind be evinced by patient endurance, not by energe tic resentment of oppression,It is the Government, and not in any respect the Supreme Court, which is responsible for the protection and well-being of the native population of the provinces." If a pinchbeck watch has been feloniously abstracted let a solemn judicial investigation of the offence be instituted, let the awful attributes of justice be displayed; but if a colonist has dared treasonably "to wrong or maltreat a native," let the Go

vernor General be accuser, judge, jury, and transmitter. Mr. Crawford would not be so unreasonable as to refuse to arm him with powers similar to those vested in " the Mahomedan masters of India and Greece, the Tartar Conquerors of China, and the Russian Governors of the Crimea or Georgia !"

"I do

All the disturbances in which Indigo Planters have ever been involved, are distinctly and immediately traceable to erroneous legislation, to the absurd restrictions which impede their industry and render their property insecure. An Englishman cannot in his own name be a proprietor, or farmer of land; he contracts with a ryot for a supply of Indigo Plant; the ryot engages to Sow the same field for two manufacturers, receives advances from both, and the parties quarrel about the crop. All this Mr. Mangles, by his singular faculty of advocating both sides of a question, both admits and denies in the same sentence. not deny," says he, "that quarrels and afirays would probably be more infrequent if British subjects were placed upon the same footing with the natives of the country, in regard to the purchase of land; but it is monstrous to call the laws the origin' of crime, or, to suppose it possible, that whenever such interlopers as I have described enter a district, the Magistrate should abandon all his other duties, for the purpose of deciding, field by field, to which party all the disputed crops of Indigo severally appertain."

He traces the contention, the bloodshed, sometimes real, sometimes testified by troops of perjured witnesses, to defective laws, and then thinks it monstrous to impute defects to the laws, or to say that the mischief originates in the state of the law. He admits that there is a crying necessity for amendment in the laws and regulations, yet offers no grounds of apology for the past, nor of hope for the future. Such is his "vindication" of the home and local Governments; for in this case the evil is so great, so urgent, that a peculiar and heavy responsibility, lies on each of those authorities for withholding the remedy.

66

Mr. Mangles' testimony to the benefits of colonization (of which benefits it ought to be the main business, the essential purpose of every vindication of the Honourable East India Company to deny the probability) is so full, so explicit, and so unqualified, that it should be laid before the reader, as follows. Englishmen may settle in India; they may bring with them capital, information, and energy, calculated to improve every branch of its commerce, manufactures, and agriculture; they may enrich at once themselves, their native country, and the land in which they have taken up their residence; and beyond even these benefits, they may co-operate to a considerable extent, in the diffusion of education and moral intelligence among the native

population; but there the connexion,-there their services will terminate." Few of them, he thinks, would prolong the connexion, and their services beyond the grave, by voluntarily laying their bones in India. This inability of the colonists to con tinue their exertions" under the ribs of death," is the only argu ment which he leaves to his clients wherewith to vindicate themselves against the charge of persevering in an unwise and unpatriotic resistance to colonization.

THE THREE BROTHERS.*

Beside the green bank of a silver stream
Fed by the mountain torrent, beard afar

At evening's deepest hush, a small white Cot
Gleams 'mid surrounding groves. Sad Magdaline,

A lonely widow now, sits mournfully

Beside that Cottage door, and sighs to think
How heavily in rayless gloom may pass

Her few remaining years. Though three dear sons
Stir her maternal heart with tenderest dreams,
These all are far away. In foreign lands
They seek what fate denied them in their own,
And with bewildering doubts, and anxious cares
She prays for their return.

In this sad mood

While dim hope struggles like an April moon

'Mid threatening clouds, a sound of chariot wheels
Disturbs the silent solitude around,

And Magdaline, up-starting with surprize

Her pale hands folded on her heaving breast,
Now turns her to the narrow lane that leads
Towards her Cottage-home, when swift as thought
Her fond eyes catch the long-remembered face

Of him whose childhood's charms first taught her heart
A mother's love! Lo! motionless awhile,

Spell-bound, she stands, struck dumb with sudden joy!
He kneels before her! and a faint low sigh,

And one full burst of tears, the brief trance break,

And while serener rapture thrills her frame

She sinks upon his breast.

* This little Poem was suggested by a prose story published some years ago in one of the German Annuals.

"Kind Heaven" she cried

"Hath heard my daily hope, my midnight prayer,
And not in cold neglect and solitude

I now shall journey onward to my grave,

But soothed and cherished by the light of love
E'en age may wear a charm!" And then the Son,
Her eldest born, the favored Ebert, spake-
"Fortune hath blessed my travel and my toil,
And all I seek is to repay the smiles
Thy care maternal lavished on the years
Of early life. Oh, quit this lonely Cot,

And share a brighter home!" With grateful heart
Glad Magdaline consents, and soon she dwells
A gorgeous roof beneath. But not long there
Lived that shy guest, domestic happiness!
For Ebert soon was linked to one whose charms
Matchless, of form and feature, were the spell
That wrought his ruin. As a bright-hued cloud
May bear the brooding spirit of the storm,
His beauteous bride, alas! a soul betrayed
Unworthy of its radiant tenement;

And poor insulted Magdaline returned

To the lone Cottage by the silent stream.

How changed that home appears! Dark moss had grown

O'er the discolored walls, and all around

Looked drear, and breathed of misery and decay.

In solitude and sadness here she passed

A few long years. At length her younger son
Berthold, returned; a cold brief visit paid

And gave her gold, but not the filial love

More dear than precious gems.

66 Alas! she cried

I have no children now! My lonely heart
Forbodes that Henry in the field of fame

Hath proudly breathed his last!" A dream confirmed
This last dark fear; a warrior on the ground

Lay bathed in blood, and gazing on his face

She saw 'twas him! "Farewell my Son," she said
Awaking "at least thou hast not scorned

The grey hairs of thy Parent." Sorrow now
Wasted her aged frame. At length e'er grief
Had brought her to the grave, her Henry came,
An honored soldier, one whose well-earned fame
Had raised bis soul but hardened not his heart.

With filial reverence he kissed her brow

And thought of earlier days, till frequent tears
Fell on his manly cheek.

A few months passed,

When from a distant comrade, Henry heard
Rumours of war, and with fresh ardour fired'
Now breathed of his return to that far clime
In which his laurels grew.
My only Son
(For what are now thy brethren to me?)
Leave not thy lonely mother, -leave her not!
Oh! rather plunge thy sword into her breast
Than leave her thus to wither in despair!"
His soul was touched-he could not say Farewell,
But stayed to cherish her declining years,
With tenderest care, and as an aged tree

Propped and supported flourishes anew,

She breathed fresh life; affection's ever-green

Twined round her heart, while star-like pleasures cheered
The peaceful twilight of her evening hours!

R.

SCRAPS.

FROM A FRIEND'S PORTFOLIO.

Written on the cradle of a beautiful Infant, the offspring of a beautiful

Mother.

Es similis matri; de te mihi dicere plura

Non opus est: matri te similem esse sat est.

Such semblance of thy mother given,

Nought further need'st thou ask of heaven!

ENIGMA.

Totum pone, fluit; caput aufer, splendet in armis ;
Caudam deme, volat; viscera tolle, dolet.

If from my first, which turbid flows,
You cut the head, in arms it glows:
The tail divide, 'twill forthwith fly:
The middle take, 'tis agony.