including the kindergarten, which has been established there, is one hundred and forty-six.

The new institute building is said to be the finest in the city of Atlanta, and is well supplied with art,1 musical, chemical, and physical apparatus.

YOUNG FEMALE COLLEGE.3

Major E. R. Young, a wealthy planter of Thomas County, died in 1860, leaving a legacy of thirty thousand dollars to be used in the establishment and support of an institution for the education of females, to be known as "Young Female College," and appointing seven trustees of his own selection to carry out his wishes. His will was contested, and no decision was had upon it until 1868.

The board of trustees organized June 23, 1866, when Mr. Thomas Jones was chosen president and A. H. Hansell, secretary.

In February, 1868, the board purchased the residence of Mr. James Kirksey, with fifteen acres of land attached, and engaged Mr. John E. Baker, formerly of Liberty County, to take charge of the institution, which was opened that month. As soon as it could be conveniently done, a handsome chapel, with recitation and study rooms, was built, and the college entered upon a prosperous course. While changes have from time to time occurred in the faculty, Mr. Baker has been continued as its head from the beginning, giving striking evidence of his faithfulness and fitness for the position. He is assisted by six teachers. The college shows an attendance, from year to year, of over one hundred scholars and the house of the president, who lives at the college, is full of boarding pupils from the adjoining sections of Georgia and Florida. The course of study embraces five classes; viz, First, Second, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior.

4

Young Female College has been largely instrumental in helping to build up the little city of Thomasville, in which it is located.

BUTLER FEMALE COLLEGE AND MALE INSTITUTE.5

This institution, situated in Butler, Taylor County, was organized under the name of "Johnston Institute," in the year 1872. Through the action of the stockholders in 1875, a charter was obtained and the name was changed to "Butler Female College and Male Institute." The

There is, among other things, a large and choice collection of art models, numbering over five thousand, the property of Mr. William Lycett, the professor of art. 2 Henderson's Commonwealth of Georgia, pp. 277-8.

Catalogue for 1886-87.

3 The trustees named in Major Young's will were Messrs. Thomas Jones, James T. Hayes, David S. Brannon, William J. Young, James L. Seward, A. T. McIntyre, and A. H. Hansell.

4 The catalogue for 1886-87 gives an enrolment of one hundred and twenty-four. 5 Henderson's Commonwealth of Georgia, p. 278.

Catalogue for 1885-86.

original building, which cost about ten thousand dollars, was consumed by fire in 1882. It was rebuilt upon an improved plan and supplied with suitable furniture. In pursuance of an act of the Legislature of Georgia, the town of Butler appropriated to this college certain sums of money annually accruing from various sources, and in this way tuition has been so far reduced as to make it a comparatively free school.

The course of instruction includes primary, preparatory, and collegiate departments. In the collegiate department both classical and scientific courses are open for the choice of the students. Those completing these courses receive the respective degrees of bachelor of arts and bachelor of science. The catalogue for 1885-86 gives the college an attendance for that session of ninety males and eighty-six females. The president of the faculty is P. E. Davant, A. M., who has three assistants.

GAINESVILLE COLLEGE.

This is likewise a co-educating school, and was regularly chartered in 1875. Its curriculum consists of primary, kindergarten, preparatory, and collegiate departments. Beside the bachelor of arts or regular college course, there is a licentiate instruction course, which differs from the other only in the fact that the Senior studies are omitted. Music1 and art receive attention in the college. The faculty is at present composed of four teachers, of whom R. E. Mitchell, A. B., is the president. The Annual Register of 1886-87 shows an attendance of two hundred and one pupils of both sexes.

WEST GEORGIA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE.

The West Georgia Agricultural and Mechanical College, situated in the town of Hamilton, Harris County, was incorporated in the fall of 1881. In the following year efforts were made to effect a union between it and the University of Georgia, to the end that it might become a branch college of the latter. The attempt, however, failed, and the institution remains separate from, and in nowise connected with, the State University.

Capt. John W. Dozier is at the head of the school. He has four assistant teachers. The course of instruction embraces primary, academic, and collegiate departments. Music is also taught. The enrolment of students (male and female) for the session of 1886-87 was one hundred and six.

The college building, comprising six study rooms, with a commodious chapel and an ante-room on the second floor, was completed in 1884 at a cost of about ten thousand dollars.

SOUTH GEORGIA MALE AND FEMALE COLLEGE.

The seat of this college, which was established about 1882, is at Dawson, in Terrell County. The faculty consists of seven members, Morgan 1 The chair of music is at present vacant.

L. Parker, A. B., being president. There are literary, music, art, and business departments. The literary department is divided into three schools, viz, primary, preparatory, and collegiate. In addition to the regular college classes, there is a post-graduate class. The attendance during 1886-87 was one hundred and six males and seventy-six females.

OTHER COLLEGES.

In addition to the colleges already considered may be mentioned the Middle Georgia College, at Jonesborough, the county seat of Clayton County; Washington Seminary in Atlanta, which was founded by Miss Lola Washington about 1878, is presided over by Mrs. Baylor Stewart, and numbers among its faculty Mr. Alfredo Barili, a nephew of the celebrated Adelina Patti, and a musician of some note; Elberton Female Collegiate Institute, in Elbert County; Bradwell Institute, at Hinesville, in Liberty County; and the Agricultural College, at Cuthbert, in Randolph County, the latter at present forming a part of the State University at Athens.1

BUSINESS SCHOOLS IN GEORGIA.

MOORE'S BUSINESS UNIVERSITY.-Four principal commercial colleges have been established in the State, two at Atlanta, one at Macon, and one at Augusta. Of these, Moore's Business University, located in the city of Atlanta, is the oldest and, perhaps, the best known. Founded by Prof. B. F. Moore, at Savannah, Ga., in 1858, and opened in October of that year, Moore's Commercial Institute was conducted with marked success until the inception of the War in 1861. Its operations then ceased. In 1862 President Moore moved to Atlanta, where, six years later, viz, in October, 1868, the present institution was reopened, commencing its work with nine students. From that small beginning the school has increased so rapidly that it now numbers on its roll nearly four thousand graduates. About three hundred students are in annual attendance. "Moore's Business University is devoted to the education of young and middle-aged men and women in the commercial branches, and in instructing them in technical knowledge, by qualifying them for transactions of business, and the proper management of business affairs." The school is a completely organized community, with its necessary adjuncts, banking houses, and insurance, transportation, and other agencies. The system of teaching is eminently practical, and embodies an actual business training. Among the subjects embraced in the curriculum are single and double entry book-keeping, plain and ornamental penmanship, commercial arithmetic, merchandising, political economy, actual business, business correspondence, and mercantile law.

1 The school at Cuthbert, as has been intimated above, has become once more (1889) a member of the State University system, and consequently falls under the general description of the "Branch Colleges."

1

MACON COMMERCIAL COLLEGE.-This institution dates from 1881. Its founder was the present principal, Prof. W. McKay. "I opened this school," he says, "in connection with my own practice as a professional accountant, and have sought rather to give a thorough training to a few students than a smattering to a larger number, and have had ample proof of the truth of my theory of conducting such schools." Beside penmanship, business arithmetic, correspondence, bill-making, and general business routine, peculiar stress is laid upon the different details of book-keeping and accounts, "accounting being recognized and taught as a science," and, by reason of the excellent facilities afforded, constituting an important department in the college. Instruction is also given in stenography and type-writing. A special feature of the Macon Commercial College is its department for the graduation of females in book-keeping and accounts.

The other two commercial colleges to which we have alluded are Osborne's Business College, at Augusta, and Goldsmith and Sullivan's School of Business, at Atlanta. The former has been in operation since January, 1882, and was chartered in 1886.2

LITERARY INSTITUTIONS-THE GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY.3

Among the institutions of higher education in the State we should not omit to mention one which, aside from its importance as illustrating a phase in the development of the country, has exerted a truly potent influence in the departments of literature and original research. We refer to the Georgia Historical Society, at Savannah. This excellent organization dates from 1839. For many years previous, the need for some such association in the city of Savannah had been felt and acknowledged, but it was not until April, 1839, that any definite action. was taken in regard to the subject. Then the Rev. William B. Stevens, Israel K. Tefft, Esq., and Dr. Richard D. Arnold addressed a circular to a number of gentlemen whom they thought most likely to interest themselves in the design, inviting them to attend a meeting for the purpose of forming an historical society. The convocation was accordingly held, and a society was formed. The officers "selected to give nascent tone, character, and impulse to the institution," were John McPherson In a letter dated January 23, 1888.

2 See Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1885-86, p. 614.

3 White's Historical Collections of Georgia, p. 315.

The Georgia Historical Society: Its Founders, Patrons, and Friends.

Anniversary address delivered in Hodgson Hall on the 14th of February, 1381, by Charles C. Jones, Jr., LL. D. Savannah, Ga., 1881. Pp. 40.

Historical Record of the City of Savannah. Savannah, 1869. Pp. 160-1. Address of Richard D. Arnold, M. D., on the organization of the Georgia Historical Society and of the Savannah Library Association, delivered July 24, 1871. (Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, Vol. III, pp. 415-28. Savannah, 1873.)

Proceedings of the Dedication of Hodgson Hall, by the Georgia Historical Society, on the occasion of its thirty-seventh anniversary, February 14, 1876. Savannah, Ga., 1876. Pp. 29.

Berrien, of national reputation, president; James Moore Wayne, remembered as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, vice-president; Matthew Hall McAllister, vice-president; Israel K. Tefft, whom Colonel Jones' describes as the fons et origo of the society, corresponding secretary; George W. Hunter, treasurer; Henry K. Preston, librarian; William Thorne Williams, Charles S. Henry, John C. Nicoll, William Law, Robert M. Charlton, Alexander A. Smets, William Bacon Stevens, and Richard D. Arnold, directors.

2

Under the guidance of these its first officers-than whom, we are assured, from out the entire circuit of the community none more competent or trustworthy could have been chosen-the Georgia Historical Society entered upon a career of usefulness.

6

4

In December, 1839,3 the society was chartered; and its avowed object, as revealed in the preamble of the act incorporating it, was the collection, preservation, and diffusion of information relating to the history of Georgia in all its various departments. To that end its officers and members, with a zeal worthy of all commendation, by correspondence, circular, contribution, purchase, and petition, concentrated as rapidly as they could in the library of the institution all printed and manuscript matter within the range of present possibility.5 "So earnest," says Colonel Jones, "was the society in the prosecution of its mission, and so eager to offer palpable evidence of its vitality, and to assert a right to honorable companionship in the sisterhood of kindred institutions, that in the second year of its existence it printed its first volume of collections." It was a valuable and interesting publication; and "it is not an exaggeration to affirm," continues the same author, "that this first contribution of our cherished society will compare favorably with the transactions of any kindred society within the wide borders of this land." The second volume, like unto the first in historical value and genuine interest, was given to the public two years afterward; and in 1848 appeared part first of the third volume of the Georgia Historical Collections.

As early as March, 1841, the society invited Dr. William Bacon Stevens to undertake, under its auspices, the preparation of a new and complete history of Georgia. Liberal aid was extended to him in the prosecution of this most important labor, which resulted in the publi cation of two octavo volumes, one in 1847 and the other in 1859. The

1 Colonel Jones's Address, p. 7.

2 Ibid., p. 8.

3 See act of December 19 (Laws of 1839, pp. 132-4).

4 "Whereas the members of a society instituted in the city of Savannah, for the purpose of collecting, preserving, and diffusing information relating to the history of the State of Georgia in particular, and of American history generally, have applied for an act of incorporation Be it enacted," etc.

* * *

5 Colonel Jones's Address, pp. 12-13.

6 Ibid., p. 13.