THE STATE COLLEGE.

The State College embraces schools of Agriculture, Engineering, and Applied Chemistry. That of Agriculture is designed principally for the sons of farmers, or other young men who purpose making farming their leading occupation, and is a strictly professional school. There are four classes in this school, during the first two of which English, arithmetic, trigonometry, mensuration and surveying, and book-keeping are studied. Students of the Junior year pursue the studies of general chemistry, physics, natural history, embracing botany and zoology, experimental field-work at the farm,' and practical work in the chemical and biological laboratories; and those of the Senior class studies in industrial and agricultural chemistry, agriculture, theoretical and practical, and geology and mineralogy. Bachelor of agriculture is the degree conferred in this school. The courses in engineering and applied chemistry occupy likewise four years. The diplomas awarded in these departments are bachelor of engineering and bachelor of chemical science. In referring to the work accomplished by the State College, the late Chancellor Mell, in a letter to Martin V. Calvin, Esq. (of Augusta), dated September 19, 1887, says: "In the State College of Agriculture here has been given the most thorough instruction in those departments of science that have most intimate relation with scientific agriculture. Scattered all over Georgia are accomplished physicists and chemists, who are competent to give scientific instruction and practical aid in such scientific analyses as farmers need, who obtained their culture in the halls of the Agricultural College here. Through the agency of this institution then, there have been given to the State not a small number of men who are thoroughly versed in all those sciences that make the important factors in scientific agriculture. Ninety-four (94) accomplished young men have graduated from the Agricultural College here during the few years of its existence, and fifty-one undergraduates enrolled themselves on its books as matriculates last year."

2

THE LAW DEPARTMENT.

The Law Department of the University is the successor to the Lumpkin Law School, which was established in 1859.3 Of this the professors were Joseph H. Lumpkin,4 Thomas R. R. Cobb, and William Hope Hull. This school ended, eo nomine, with the death of Chief-Justice Lumpkin, when the present Law Department was inaugurated. Since it was or

This farm, located at what is known as "Rock College" (built in 1861), in the suburbs of Athens, consists of some sixty-five acres, fifty of which are under cultivation. 2 It was established in 1872.

3 See act of December 19, 1859. (Laws of 1859, p. 84.)

4 It was Chief Justice Lumpkin who organized the Phi Kappa Society. (White's Historical Collections of Georgia, p. 395.)

ganized the professors of law have been William L. Mitchell, Benjamin H. Hill, William M. Browne, Pope Barrow, George Dudley Thomas, and Andrew J. Cobb. The last two are now in office, and are assisted by Samuel C. Benedict as lecturer on medical jurisprudence.

The course of instruction in the Law Department is completed in one year, consisting of two terms, the first being devoted to the study of Blackstone's Commentaries, Broom's Commentaries on the Common Law, and the Constitutions of the United States and of the State of Georgia; and the second term to the study of the principles of pleading, evidence, equity, commercial law, and the Code of Georgia. During this second term frequent moot courts are held, in which one of the professors presides, and the students are taught the actual practice of their profession. A study of medical jurisprudence is embraced in the course; and, until his death, it was the custom of Chancellor Mell to deliver lectures to the students on parliamentary law. At the end of the course students receive their diplomas, by virtue of which they are admitted without examination to practise in the superior courts of the State of Georgia, and in all other courts of the State except the Supreme Court. To this latter court the diploma admits when the good moral character of the applicant is properly vouched for.

SCHOLARSHIPS.

The first free scholarship established at the University of Georgia appears to have been founded upon a donation of the late Robert Taylor, Esq., of the city of Athens, who bequeathed a certain amount to support a young man at college. This failed because of the fact that it was based upon property owned at the time of his death, which became valueless in consequence of the emancipation of slaves.

When the State College of Agriculture was organized, a free scholarship was awarded, for appointment, to each member of the Legislature, and a certain number were given to the city of Athens, which had donated twenty-five thousand dollars for the construction of a building.3 Writing of these scholarships in 1875, Chancellor Tucker says: "The University offers tuition free to three hundred and fifteen students. About one hundred of these free scholarships are occupied, and we now offer two hundred and fifteen more to the people of Georgia. It is but

Chancellor Mell wrote in 1876 A Manual of Parliamentary Practice, which is the text-book used in the University. This work is held in high repute throughout the Southern States. The Chancellor was a fine presiding officer, and in that capacity performed long and valuable services.

any

* See Catalogue, 1886-87. The Code of Georgia, 1882, p. 255, provides that " law student having a diploma of graduation, signed by the proper authority of the University, is entitled to plead and practise law in all the courts of law and equity of this State on the same terms of the graduates of the Lumpkin Law School." 3 Viz, Moore College.

4 See Doctor Tucker's Address in 1875, pp. 31-2.

fair, however, to say that two hundred and fifty free scholarships are on the bounty of the land scrip fund, which was a gift from the Congress of the United States, and only sixty-five are on the bounty of what is called Franklin College. But as matters now stand, both the Agricultural College and Franklin College are constituent parts of the University of Georgia; the students of both occupy the same buildings, are taught by the same instructors, and enjoy the same privileges." In 1877 we are told that "fifty meritorious young men of limited means," residents of Georgia, were admitted to the academic department (Franklin College) free of tuition, in return for which they were expected to teach in the State for a term of years equal to the time they had enjoyed the advantages of the University; and that needy students intending to enter the ministry also received tuition free.1

Upon the introduction of free tuition for all departments of the University, except the Law and Medical Departments, in 1881, free scholarships of course ceased to exist. The Charles McDonald Brown Scholarship Fund, established about the same time, constitutes the only student help now afforded at the University.

THE LIBRARIES OF THE UNIVERSITY.

There are four libraries in the University: the college library, containing some thirteen thousand volumes; the Gilmer library, which is a collection of about one thousand volumes of select literature, bequeathed to the University by His Excellency the late ex-Governor George R. Gilmer; and the Demosthenian and Phi Kappa libraries, consisting each of some three thousand volumes. In addition to the general library of the University, the Law Department has a special library containing many of the standard law books. It may not be inappropriate to mention in this connection that the branch college at Milledgeville has recently come into possession of a library of about three thousand volumes. There are also several thousand books in the library of the Medical Department at Augusta.

It is claimed that the University of Georgia has the finest physical and chemical apparatus in the South, the physical being valued at ten thousand dollars. It possesses also a large collection of mineralogical and geological specimens, and is well supplied with engineering models and machines for testing the strength of materials.

THE PROPERTY OF THE UNIVERSITY.

The property of the University, including its ten main college buildings, which cost in the aggregate one hundred and forty thousand dollars, and the apparatus, which is worth fifty thousand more, has an

Kiddle and Schem's Cyclopædia of Education, p. 349.

2 These two libraries occupy the entire second floor of what is known as the Library Building (erected in 1862).

estimated value of $663,000. Beside the campus, which consists of thirty-seven acres of land and is a part of the original gift of Governor Milledge, there is an experimental farm of sixty acres at Rock College, in the suburbs of Athens, belonging to the University.

3

Large numbers have graduated from the University of Georgia, and many of its alumni have been prominent, both in the State and the Federal Government.2 The various chairs have been occupied by seventyseven professors, and, there have been forty-two tutors. The college has graduated seventy-nine classes. According to Chancellor Tucker's estimate, made in 1875,4 the University has given to the State one hun dred ministers, twenty-six Congressmen, nine supreme court justices, fifty superior court judges, thirty presidents or professors of colleges, about two hundred legislators, four governors, and two bishops. Inclusive of its undergraduates, it has been instrumental in the education of fully six thousand persons in Georgia. During the session of 1887-88 there were in attendance upon all the departments of the University 1,177 students.

The University of Georgia is now under the efficient and energetic management of the Rev. Dr. William E. Boggs, of Memphis, Teun. Не was elected to the position of chancellor, as successor to the late Doctor Mell, in October, 1888.

GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY.

On October 13, 1885, an act to establish a technological school as a branch of the State University, to appropriate money for the same, and for other purposes, was passed by the General Assembly of Georgia. In it provision was made for the appointment of five "fit and discreet

1 See Centennial Catalogue, etc. (published 1885).

2

Among them may be mentioned Alexander H. Stephens, Howell Cobb, Benjamin H. Hill, and Herschel V. Johnson. It may also be interesting to know that Dr. Crawford W. Long, the discoverer of anesthesia, was a graduate of this institution. 3 The faculty of instruction at Athens, including the professors of law and the lecturer on medical jurisprudence, at present consists of eleven professors.

Among the professors at different times connected with the University may be mentioned the Rev. Patrick H. Mell, D. D., LL. D., James P. Waddell, William II. Waddell, and William G. Woodfin, in the department of ancient languages; C. P. Wilcox, A. M., in that of modern languages; Charles F. McCay, A. M., LL. D., John LeConte, M. D., William L. Jones, M. D., Charles S. Venable, LL. D., L. H. Charbonnier, A. M., and Montgomery Cumming, A. M., in natural philosophy; Alonzo Church, A. M., William LeRoy Broun, A. M., LL. D., and Williams Rutherford, A. M., in mathematics; Joseph LeConte, M. D., Joseph Jones, M. D., Harry Hammond, M. D., and H. C. White, C. and M. E., in chemistry and geology; D. C. Barrow, Jr., in engineering; Joseph H. Lumpkin, LL. D., William L. Mitchell, A. M., Pope Barrow, and A. J. Cobb, in law; William M. Browne, A. M., in history and political science; and William B. Stevens, D. D., William T. Brantly, D. D., R. M. Johnston, A. M., and Charles Morris, A. M., in belles-lettres and rhetoric.

4 Seo Doctor Tucker's Address, p. 24.

5 Laws of 1884-85, pp. 69-72.

persons," citizens of the State, to be known as the Commission on the School of Technology, whose business it should be to procure the grounds and buildings necessary for the establishment of the institution. That school was to be located within or near the corporate limits of that city or town in the State which should offer the best inducements for such location in the opinion of the Commission. Preference was to be given to such place as should be easy of access to all the people of the State, due regard being had to the appropriateness, eligibility, and healthful. ness of the surroundings. The selection, once made, was to be final. It was further enacted that when so established the school should be a part of the University of Georgia, and come under the control and management of its Board of Trustees, and the general supervision of its chancellor; that its officers should be a president, a superintendent of the manual department, a secretary and treasurer of the faculty, and such other professors, teachers, and instructors as should be necessary, in the opinion of the Board of Trustees, to carry on the school in accordance with the intention of the act; that a course of practical training in the use and manufacture of tools and machines for wood and iron working should be provided for all the students of the school; and that the curriculum should include, as near as practicable, consistent with the appropriation,1 the branches now taught and followed in the Free Institute of Industrial Science at Worcester, Mass.2

Atlanta has been chosen as the seat of the School of Technology. It was selected both with reference to its central situation and on account of the liberal inducements offered, the city giving fifty thousand dollars in cash, and fifty thousand dollars in the shape of a twentyfive hundred dollar annuity for twenty years, while the citizens contributed twenty thousand dollars in cash, and the land for the site, which is valued at ten thousand dollars. No members of the faculty, except the president, Dr. Isaac S. Hopkins, who at present occupies a like position in Emory College, and two of the professors have been elected. There are two college buildings, which, it is hoped, will be ready for occupation by August 1st of the current year (1888).3

'Sixty-five thousand dollars.

2 This institution "was founded by John Boynton in 1865, through a conviction that it is possible advantageously to unite in a course of training thorough mental discipline and a knowledge of the application of science to some of the practical arts. It offers a good education, based on the mathematics, living languages, physical sciences, and drawing; and gives sufficient practical instruction in some branch of applied science to secure to its graduates a livelihood. It is specially designed for those who wish to become mechanics, civil engineers, chemists, or designers. Special prominence is given to the element of practice, which is required in every department. The training of students preparing for mechanical engineers occupies three and a half years; that of all others threo years of forty-two weeks each." (Report of the Commissioner of Education, 1884-85, p. 135.)

3 Since writing the above, a prospectus of the Georgia School of Technology has been issued, a faculty of instruction secured, and the institution regularly opened to students. The school is now (1889) in successful operation.