5. Abstractly, or independently; as, "To tell the truth, I was inattentive."

Rem. 2. The infinitive always retains its verbal signification. Hence, as a noun, it may be limited by a predicate adjective or predicate nominative, and, as a verb, be followed by an object, or modified by an adverb; as, "To spend money recklessly is criminal.”

Rem. 3.-The sign to should never be separated from the rest of the infinitive. "To correctly report a speech is difficult," should be “To report a speech correctly is difficult.”

Rem. 4. The preposition for should not be used immediately before the infinitive. "I study for to learn," should be "I study to learn."

Rem. 5.—The sign to should never be used alone. "I never told a lie, and never intend to," should be "I never told a lie, and never intend to do so."

Rem. 6. After the verbs bid, dare (venture), hear, feel, let, make, need, see, in the active voice, and let in the passive, the sign to is generally omitted; as, "He bade him depart;" "I saw him fall." The sign to is sometimes omitted after several other verbs.

Rem. 7.-Verbs expressing hope, expectation, command, intention, etc., require the present infinitive after them; as, "I hoped to see you; "I intended to call for you;" He expected to see you

yesterday."

EXERCISES.

To be corrected:

1. What came ye out for to see? 2. I never voted that ticket, and never intend to. 3. To greedily eat one's dinner is ill-mannered. 4. I dared him come to me. 5. He durst not to leave his room. 6. I saw him to write on his slate.

7. I have known him to frequently be tardy. 8. He made his horses to go very fast. 9. He needs study more carefully. 10. He need not to remain long. 11. He intended to have written to you. 12. They had hoped to have seen you before

they left.

1. To do right, is to do that which is ordered to be don 2. To die is to be banished from myself. 3. To do justi and judgment is more acceptable to the Lord than sacrific 4. It is our duty to try, and our determination to succeed 5. He had dared to think for himself.

6. It is the curse of kings to be attended

By slaves that take their humors for a warrant
To break within the bloody house of life,

And on the winking of authority,

To understand a law.-Shakespeare.

7. Have ye brave sons? Look in the next fierce brawl
To see them die. Have ye fair daughters? Look
To see them live, torn from your arms, distained,
Dishonored, and if ye dare call for justice,
Be answered by the lash.-Mitford.

EXERCISES.

To be parsed:

1. I come not here to talk. 2. I can not see to spin my flax. 3. In sooth, deceit maketh no mortal gay. 4. I saw along the winter snow a spectral column pour. 5. Let the great world spin forever down the ringing grooves of change.

6. He lived to die, and died to live. 7. It is a brave thing to understand something of what we see. 8. It is better to fight for the good than to rail at the ill.

9.

Let us be content in work,

To do the thing we can, and not presume
To fret because it's little.

10. One day with life and heart,

Is more than time enough to find a world.

11. Needful auxiliars are our friends, to give To social man true relish of himself.

12. Learn well to know how much need not be known, And what that knowledge which impairs your sense.

13. Let him not violate kind nature's laws,

14.

But own man born to live as well as die.

The blood more stirs

To rouse a lion than to start a hare.

15. He that lacks time to mourn, lacks time to mend. Eternity mourns that.-Henry Taylor.

229. ADVERBS.

Rule XVIII.-Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, participles, and adverbs.

Rem. I.-Adverbs sometimes modify phrases and entire propositions; as, "He lives just over the hill;" "Verily, ye are the people."

Rem. 2.-Adverbs are frequently used as expletives; as, “Well, that is a strange story;" "There, now, you have said enough."

Rem. 3.-The adverbs yes, no, aye, yea, and nay, are generally answers to questions, and are equivalent to a whole sentence. They are then used independently, or modify the sentences preceding or following them.

Ex.—“Are you angry?—No." "Yea, they shall sing in the ways of the Lord;" "Nay; but it is really true."

Rem. 4.—Two contradictory negatives in the same clause are equivalent to an affirmative; as, “I can not write no more” I can write more. Hence, two negatives should never be employed to express a negation. Say, "I want no assistance,” not, "I don't want no assistance." Two or more negatives, not contradictory, do not destroy the negative character of a sentence; as, “He will never consent, no, never, not he, nor I neither."

Rem. 5.-When the quality of an object, and not the manner of an action, is to be expressed, an adjective should be used as predicate; as, "He arrived safe," not "safely;" She looks beautiful," not "beautifully."

Rem. 6.-Though sanctioned by good authority, the use of from before whence, hence, and thence should be avoided. Say, "Whence came you?" not "From whence came you."

Rem. 7.-The word modified by an adverb is sometimes omitted; as, "Down, royal state!" Supply "fall." "Up in the morning early." Supply "get" or "rise." "I'll hence to London." Supply "go." In some cases, adverbs thus used seem to have the force of verbs in the imperative mode, but not always. Up and out, followed by the preposition with, take the place of verbs in declarative sentences; as, "She up with her fist, and took him on the face."

Rem. 8.-There is frequently used as an expletive to introduce a sentence; as, "There was no grass there;" "There were three of us."

Rem. 9. An adverbial phrase should not be parsed as a single word when its parts can be parsed separately; as, "They walked hand in hand." Place "with" before the phrase.

Rem. 10. The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, preceded by the definite article, are often used as adverbs; as, "The longer I study, the better I like it;" "He lives

best who acts the noblest." The articles in these expressions are used adverbially.

Rem. 11.-Adverbs should be so placed as to render the sentence clear, correct, and elegant. The sense intended to be conveyed depends upon their position. Compare "He is thought to be generally honest," with "He is generally thought to be honest."

To be corrected:

EXERCISES.

1. He won't give me no satisfaction. 2. We did n't find nobody at home. 3. Nobody never saw such a crowd of people. 4. The nation never was more prosperous, nor never was more ungrateful. 5. The velvet feels smoothly. 6. He speaks slow and distinct. 7. The children all looked beautifully. 8. You did splendid last examination. 9. I am tolerable well, I thank you. 10. I scarce know what I am saying.

11. He did handsomer than he promised. 12. He out with his knife, and slashed right and left (See Rem. 7). 13. I only want to borrow your umbrella. 14. The dog wanted in, but he now wants out. 15. It rains most every day. 16. I would not have believed no tongue but Hubert's. 17. They said that he was generally cheerful. 18. Our dog is very good-natured usually. 19. Sometimes are you despondent?

To be analyzed and parsed:

2. Therein the pa

1. All the world was ours once more. tient must minister to himself.-Shakespeare. 3. I saw the blue Rhine sweep along. 4. Death erects his batteries right over against our homes. 5. Slowly the throng moves o'er the tomb-paved ground. 6. The complication of a town is often happily unraveled by starting from a main trunk.

7. Man desires not only to be loved, but to be lovely. 8. Westward the course of empire takes its way. 9. Your menaces move me not. 10. We see but dimly through the mists and vapors. 11. Man by man, and foot by foot, did the soldiers proceed over the Alps. 12. Finally, the war is already begun, and we must either conquer or perish. 13. He heaped up great riches, but passed his time miserably.

H. G.-19.