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Scream (skrēm), v.i. [Comp. Icel. skramsa, to scream; probably imitative, like screech, shriek, &c.] 1. To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, sharp outcry, as in a fright or in extreme pain; to utter a shrill, harsh cry; to shriek.

I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry. Shak So sweetly screams if it (a mouse) comes near her, She ravishes all hearts to hear her. Swift.

2. To give out a shrill sound; as, the railway whistle screamed.

Scream (skrēm), n. 1. A shriek, or sharp shrill cry uttered suddenly, as in terror or in pain.

Screams of horror rend the affrighted skies. Pope.-2. A sharp, harsh sound. The scream of a madden'd beach dragg'd down by the wave.' Tennyson. Screamer (skrém'èr), n. 1. One that screams. 2. A name given to two species of South American grallatorial birds, the Palamedea cornuta and Chauna chavaria. They are remarkable for their harsh and discordant voices, and for the sharp hard spurs with which the wings are armed. See PALAMEDEA-3. Something very great; a whacker; a bouncing fellow or girl. [Slang.] Screaming (skrem'ing), p. and a. 1. Crying or sounding shrilly.-2. Causing a scream; as, a screaming farce, one calculated to make the audience scream with laughter. Scree (skre), n. [Comp. Icel. skritha, a lana slip on a hill-side.] A small stone or pebble; in the pl. debris of rocks; shingle; a talus; accumulations of loose stones and fragments at the base of a cliff or precipice. 'Grey cairns and screes of granite.' Kingsley. Before I had got half way up the screes, which gave way and rattled beneath me at every step. Southey. Screech (skrech), v.i. [A softened form of screak (which see), Icel. skrækja, skrækta, to screech, skrækr, a screech, Sw. skrika, Dan. skrige, to screech: an imitative word; comp. Sc. scraich, Gael sgreach, W. ysgrechiaw, to screech] To cry out with a sharp, shrill voice; to scream; to shriek. The screechowl screeching loud.' Shak.

These birds of night . . . screeched and clapped their wings for a while. Bolingbroke.

Screech (skrech), n. 1. A sharp, shrill cry, such as is uttered in acute pain or in a sudden fright; a harsh scream. 'The birds obscene... with hollow screeches.' Pope.

A screech or shriek is the cry of terror or passion; perhaps it may be called sharper and harsher than a scream; but, in human beings especially, scarcely to be distinguished from it. C. Richardson.

2 A sharp, shrill noise; as, the screech of a railway whistle.

Screech-owl (skrech'oul), n. An owl that utters a harsh, disagreeable cry at night, formerly supposed to be ominous of evil; an owl, as the barn-owl, that screeches, in opposition to one that hoots.

The owl at Freedom's window scream'd, The screech-owl, prophet dire. Churchill. Screechy (skrech'i), a. Shrill and harsh; like a screech. Cockburn.

be plastered is divided into bays or compartments. The screeds are 4, 5, or 6 feet apart, according to circumstances, and are accurately formed in the same plane by the plumbrule and straight-edge. They thus form gauges for the rest of the work, the interspaces being latterly filled out flush with them. (b) A strip of wood similarly used. Screed (skred), n. [A form of shred; a Scotch word. See above.] 1. The act of rending or tearing; a rent; a tear. Burns.-2. That which is rent or torn off; as, a screed of cloth. 3. A piece of poetry or prose; a harangue; a long tirade upon any subject.-A screed o' drink, a drinking bout. Sir W. Scott. Screed (skred), v. t. [Sc. See the noun.] 1. To rend; to tear.-2. To repeat glibly; to dash off with spirit. Burns.

Screeket (skrěk), v.i. Same as Sereak. Screen (skren), n. [0. Fr. escren, escrein, escran, Fr. écran, a screen, perhaps from O.H.G. skranna, a bench, a table.] 1. An appliance or article that shelters from the sun, rain, cold, &c., or from sight; a kind of movable framework or partition, often hinged so that it may be opened out more or less as required, or be folded up to occupy less space, used in a room for excluding cold, or intercepting the heat of a fire. Your leafy screens.' Shak.

Our fathers knew the value of a screen
From sultry suns.

Cowper.

2. That which shelters or protects from danger; that which hides or conceals, or which prevents inconvenience.

Some ambitious men seem as screens to princes in matters of danger and envy. Bacon.

3. A kind of riddle or sieve; more especially, (a) a sieve used by farmers for sifting earth or seeds. (b) A kind of wire sieve for sifting

Builder's Screen.

sand, lime, gravel, &c. It consists of a rectangular wooden frame with wires traversing it longitudinally at regular intervals. It is propped up in nearly a vertical position, and the materials to be sifted or screened are thrown against it, when the finer particles pass through and the coarser remain. A similar apparatus is used for separating lump coal from the small coal and dross, and also for sorting crushed ores, &c.-4. In arch. (a) a partition of wood, stone, or metal, usually so placed in a church pine, pin:

Screed (skred), n. [Prov. E. screed, a shred, A. Sax. screáde, a shred. See next entry.] In plastering, (a) a strip of mortar of about 6 or 8 inches wide, by which any surface about to

note, not, möve:

Fate, far, fat, fall: mē, met, hér:
ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j, job; n, Fr. ton;

tube, tub, bull; ng, sing; TH, then; th, thin;

SCREW

as to shut out an aisle from the choir, a private chapel from a transept, the nave from the choir, the high altar from the east end of the building, or an altar tomb from a public passage of the church. See PARCLOSE. (b) In medieval halls, a partition extending across the lower end, forming a lobby within the main entrance doors, and having often a gallery above. (c) An architecturally decorated wall, inclosing a courtyard in front of a building.-5. Naut. the name given to a piece of canvas hung round a berth for warmth and privacy. Screen (skren), v.t. [From the noun.] 1. To shelter or protect from inconvenience, injury, or danger; to cover; to conceal; as, our houses and garments screen us from cold; an umbrella screens us from rain and the sun's rays; to screen a man from punishment.

Back'd with a ridge of hills, That screen'd the fruits of th' earth. Milton. 2. To sift or riddle by passing through a screen; as, to screen coal.

Screening-machine (skren'ing-ma-shen),

N.

An apparatus, having a rotary motion, used for screening or sifting coal, stamped ores, and the like. Screenings (skren'ingz), n. pl. The refuse matter left after sifting coal, &c. Screigh-of-day (skrhěč-ov-da), n. [Comp. D. krieken van den dag, peep of day; krieken, to peep, to chirp.] The first dawn. [Scotch.] Screw (skrö), n. [Same word as Dan. skrue, Sw. skruf, Icel. skrúfa, D schroef, O.D. schroeve, L.G. schruwe, G. schraube, a screw. Or perhaps from O. Fr. escroue, the hole in which a screw turns, Mod. Fr. écrou, which Littré regards as from one or other of the above words, but Diez, rather improbably, derives from L. scrobs, scrobis, a trench. The word does not appear very early in English. Shakspere uses the verb, and no doubt the noun was familiar before this.] 1. A cylinder of wood or metal having a spiral ridge (the thread) winding round it in a uniform manner, so that the successive turns are all exactly the same distance from each other, and a corresponding spiral groove is produced. The screw forms one of the six mechanical powers, and is simply a modification of the inclined plane, as may be shown by cutting a piece of paper in the form of a right-angled triangle, so as to represent an inclined plane, and applying it to a cylinder with the perpendicular side of the triangle, or altitude of the plane, parallel to the axis of the cylinder. If the triangle be then rolled about the cylinder, the hypotenuse which represents the length of the plane will trace upon the surface of the cylinder a spiral line, which, if we suppose it to have thickness, and to protrude from the surface of the cylinder, will form the thread of the screw. The energy of the power applied to the screw thus formed is transmitted by means of a hollow cylinder of equal diameter with the solid or convex one, and having a spiral channel cut on its inner surface so as to correspond exactly to the thread raised upon the solid cylinder. Hence the one will work within the other, and by turning the convex cylinder, while

[graphic]

oil. pound; ü, Sc. abune; y, Sc. fey. w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY.

SCREW

But

the other remains fixed, the former will pass through the latter, and will advance every revolution through a space equal to the distance between two contiguous turns of the thread. The convex screw is called the external or male, and the concave or hollow screw the internal or female screw, or they are frequently termed simply the screw and nut respectively. As the screw is a modification of the inclined plane it is not difficult to estimate the mechanical advantage obtained by it. If we suppose the power to be applied to the circumference of the screw, and to act in a direction at right angles to the radius of the cylinder, and parallel to the base of the inclined plane by which the screw is supposed to be formed; then the power will be to the resistance as the distance between two contiguous threads to the circumference of the cylinder. as in practice the screw is combined with the lever, and the power applied to the extremity of the lever, the law becomes: The power is to the resistance as the distance between two contiguous threads to the circumference described by the power. Hence the mechanical effect of the screw is increased by lessening the distance between the threads, or making them finer, or by lengthening the lever to which the power is applied. The law, however, is greatly modified by the friction, which is very great. The uses of the screw are various. It is an invaluable mechanism for fine adjustments such as are required in good telescopes, microscopes, micrometers, &c. It is used for the application of great pressure, as in the screw-jack and screw-press; as a borer, in the gimlet; and in the ordinary screw nail we have it employed for fastening separate pieces of material together.-Archimedean screw. See ARCHIMEDEAN.-Endless screw or perpetual screw. See under ENDLESS. -Right and left screw, a screw of which the threads upon the opposite ends run in different directions.-Hunter's screw consists of a combination of two screws of unequal fineness, one of which works within the other, the external one being also made to play in a nut. In this case the power does not depend upon the interval between the threads of either screw, but on the difference between the intervals in the two screws. See HUNTER'S SCREW, and Differential screw under DIFFERENTIAL.-Screw propeller, an apparatus which, being fitted to ships and driven by steam, propels them through the water, and which, in all its various forms, is a modification of the common screw. Originally the thread had the form of a broad spiral plate, making one convolution

De Bay Screw Propeller.

round the spindle or shaft, but now it consists of several distinct blades. The usual position for the screw propeller is immediately before the stern-post, the shaft passing parallel to the keel, into the engine-room, where it is set in rapid motion by the steamengines. This rotatory motion in the surrounding fluid, which may be considered to be in a partially inert condition, produces, according to the well-known principle of the screw, an onward motion of the vessel more or less rapid, according to the velocity of the shaft, the obliquity of the arms, and the weight of the vessel. The annexed figure shows one of the recent forms of the screw propeller. Screw nails and wood screws, a kind of screws very much used by carpenters and other mechanics for fastening two or more pieces of any material together. When they are small they are turned by means of an instrument called a screw-driver. - Screw wrench or key, a mechanical instrument employed to turn large screws or their nuts.--2. One who makes a sharp bargain; an extortioner; a miser; a

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skin-flint.-3. An unsound or broken-down horse. [Colloq.]-4. A small parcel of tobacco twisted up in a piece of paper, somewhat in the shape of a screw.-5. A steamvessel propelled by means of a screw.-6. A screw-shell (which see).

His small private box was full of peg-tops.. screws, birds' eggs, &c. T. Hughes.

7. The state of being stretched, as by a screw. 'Strained to the last screw he can bear.' Cowper.-8. Wages or salary. [Slang.] -A screw loose, something defective or wrong with a scheme or individual.

My uncle was confirmed in his original impression that something dark and mysterious was going for. ward, or, as he always said himself, that there was a screw loose somewhere. Dickens.

-To put on the screw, to bring pressure to bear (on a person), often for the purpose of getting money. To put under the screw, to influence by strong pressure; to compel; to coerce.

Screw (skrö), v. t. 1. To turn, as a screw; to apply a screw to; to move by a screw; to press, fasten, or make firm by a screw; as, to screw a lock on a door; to screw a press. 2. To force as by a screw; to wrench; to squeeze; to press; to twist.

I partly know the instrument That screws me from my true place in your favour. Shak. We fail! But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And we'll not fail.

Shak.

3. To raise extortionately; to rack. The rents of land in Ireland, since they have been so enormously raised and screwed up.' Swift.-4. To oppress by exactions; to use violent means towards. Screwing and racking their tenants.' Swift.

In the presence of that board he was provoked to exclaim that in no part of the world, not even in Turkey, were the merchants so screwed and wrung as in England. Hallam.

5. To deform by contortions: to distort. 'Grotesque habits of swinging his limbs and screwing his visage.' Sir W. Scott.

He screw'd his face into a harden'd smile. Dryden.

Screw (skrö), v.i. 1. To be oppressive or exacting; to use violent means in making exactions. 'Whose screwing iron-handed administration of relief is the boast of the parish.' Howitt. 2. To be propelled by means of a screw. Screwing up against the very muddy boiling current." W. H. Russell.

Screw-bolt (skrö'bōlt), n. A square or cylindrical piece of iron, with a knob or flat head at the one end and a screw at the other. It is adapted to pass through holes made for its reception in two or more pieces of timber, &c., to fasten them together, by means of a nut screwed on the end that is opposite to the knob.

Screw-box (skrö'boks), n. A device for cutting the threads on wooden screws, similar in construction and operation to the screwplate.

Screw-cap (skro'kap), n. A cover to protect or conceal the head of a screw, or a cap or cover fitted with a screw. Screw-clamp (skrö ́klamp), n. A clamp which acts by means of a screw. Screw-coupling (skrö-ku'pl-ing), n. A device for joining the ends of two vertical rods or chains and giving them any desired degree of tension; a screw socket for uniting pipes or rods. Screw-dock (skrö'dok), n. A kind of graving-dock furnished with large screws to assist in raising and lowering vessels. Screw-driver (skrö'driv-ér), n. An instrument resembling a blunt chisel for driving in or drawing out screw-nails. Screwed (skröd), a. Drunk. For she was only a little screwed.' Dickens. [Slang.] Screwer (skrö'ér), n. One who or that which

screws.

Screw-jack (skrö'jak), n. A portable machine for raising great weights, as heavy carriages, &c., by the agency of a screw. See JACK.

Screw-key (skrökë), n. See under SCREW. Screw-nail (skro'nal), n. See under SCREW. Screw-pile (skro'pil), n. See under PILE. Screw-pine (skro ́pin), n. The common name for trees of the genus Pandanus, which forms the type of the nat. order Pandanaceæ. (See PANDANUS.) The screw-pines are trees which grow in the East Indies, the Isle of Bourbon, Mauritius, New South Wales, and New Guinea. They have great beauty, and some of them an exquisite odour; and their roots, leaves, and fruit are all found useful

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SCREW. Screw-rudder (skrö-rud'ér), n. An application of the screw to purposes of steering, instead of a rudder. The direction of its axis is changed, to give the required direction to the ship, and its efficiency does not depend upon the motion of the ship, as with a rudder. E. H. Knight. Screw-shell (skro'shel), n. The English name for shells of the genus Turbo; wreathshell.

Screw-steamer (skrö'stem-ér), n. A steamship driven by a screw-propeller. See Screw propeller under SCREW. Screw-stone (skro'ston), n. A familiar name for the casts of encrinites from their screw-like shape.

Screw-tap (skro'tap), n. The cutter by which an internal screw is produced. Screw-tree (skro'trē), n. Helicteres, a genus of plants, of several species, natives of warm climates. They are shrubby plants, with clustered flowers, which are succeeded by five carpels, which are usually twisted together in a screw-like manner. See HELICTERES.

Screw-valve (skrö'valv), n. A stop-cock furnished with a puppet-valve opened and shut by a screw instead of by a spigot. Screw-well (skrö'wel), n. A hollow in the stern of a ship into which a propeller is lifted after being detached from the shaft, when the ship is to go under canvas alone. Screw-wheel (skrö'whel), n. A wheel which gears with an endless screw. Screw-wrench (skrö'rensh), n. SCREW.

See under

Skilful in

Scribablet (skrib'a-bl), a. Capable of being written, or of being written upon. Scribatious (skri-ba'shus), a. or fond of writing. Barrow. Scribbett (skrib'et), n. A painter's pencil. Scribble (skribl), v. t. pret. & pp. scribbled; ppr. scribbling. [A word that appears to be based partly on scrabble, partly on L. scribo, to write; comp. O. H. G. skribeln, to scribble.] 1. To write with haste, or without care or regard to correctness or elegance; as, to scribble a letter or pamphlet.-2. To fill with careless or worthless writing. Every margin scribbled, crost, and cramm'd.' Tenny

son.

Scribble (skrib'l), v. i. To scrawl; to write without care or beauty. If Mævius scribble in Apollo's spite.' Pope. Scribble (skrib'l), n. Hasty or careless writing: a scrawl; as, a hasty scribble. 'Current scribbles of the week.' Swift. Scribble (skrib'l), v.t. [Sw. skrubbla, G. schrabbeln, to card, to scribble.] To card or tease coarsely; to pass, as cotton or wool, through a scribbler.

SCRIBBLEMENT

Scribblement (skrib'l-ment), n. A worth less or careless writing; scribble. [Rare.] Scribbler (skribler), n. 1. One who scribbles or writes carelessly, loosely, or badly; hence, a petty author; a writer of no reputation. Venal and licentious scribblers, with just sufficient talent to clothe the thoughts of a pandar in the style of a bellman, were now the favourite writers of the sovereign and of the public. Macaulay.

2. In a cotton or woollen manufactory, the person who directs or has charge of the operation of scribbling, or the machine which performs the operation. Scribbling (skribling), a. Fitted or adapted for being scribbled on; as, scribbling paper; scribbling diary.

Scribbling (skribling), n. 1. The act of writing hastily and carelessly.-2. In woollen manuf the first coarse teasing or carding of wool, preliminary to the final carding. Scribblingly (skribling-li), adv. In a scribbling way.

Scribbling-machine (skrib'ling-ma-shen), 7. A machine employed for the first coarse carding of wool. Called also Scribbler. Scribe (skrib), n. [Fr. scribe, from L. seriba, a clerk, a secretary, from scribo, to write. 1. One who writes; a writer; a penman; especially, one skilled in penmanship.

He is no great scribe. Rather handling the pen like the pocket staff he carries about with him.

Dickens.

2. An official or public writer; a secretary; an amanuensis; a notary; a copyist 3. In Jewish and sacred hist. originally a kind of military officer whose principal duties seem to have been the recruiting and organizing of troops, the levying of wartaxes, and the like. At a later period, a writer and a doctor of the law; one skilled in the law; one who read and explained the law to the people. Ezra vii.-4. In bricklaying, a spike or large nail ground to a sharp point, to mark the bricks on the face and back by the tapering edges of a mould, for the purpose of cutting them and reducing them to the proper taper for gauged

arches.

Scribe (skrib), v. t. pret, & pp. scribed; ppr. scribing 1. To write or mark upon; inscribe. Spenser.-2. In carp. (a) to mark by a rule or compasses; to mark so as to fit one piece to the edge of another or to a surface. (b) To adjust, as one piece of wood to another, so that the fibre of the one shall be at right angles to that of the other. Scriber (skrib'er), n. A sharp-pointed tool used by joiners for marking lines on wood; a scribing-iron.

Scribing (skrib'ing), n. Writing; handwriting.

The heading of a cask has been brought aboard, but the scribing upon it is very indistinct.

Capt. M'Clintock. Scribing-iron (skrib'ing-i-èru), n. An ironpointed instrument for marking casks or timber; a scriber.

Scribism (skrib'izm), n. The character, manners, and doctrines of the Jewish scribes, especially in the time of our Saviour. F. W. Robertson [Rare.]

Scrid (skrid), n. [See SCREED.] A fragment; a shred; a screed. [Rare.]

Scriene, n. A screen or entrance into a hall Spenser.

Scrieve (skrev), v.

To move or glide swiftly

along; also, to rub or rasp along. Burns. [Scotch]

Scriggle (skrig/l), vi. To writhe; to struggle or twist about with more or less force. [Local.] Scrike, vi Spenser. Scrimert (skri'mér), n. [Fr. escrimeur, from escrimer, to fence.] A fencing-master; a swordsman.

[See SCREAK.] To shriek.

The scrimers of their nation, He swore, had neither motion, guard, nor eye, If you opposed them. Shak. Scrimmage, Scrummage(skrim’áj, skrum'aj), n. [Corruption of skirmish.] A skirmish; a confused row or contest; a tussle; specifi cally, in football, a confused, close struggle round the ball. Always in the front of the rush or the thick of the scrimmage.' Law

rence.

Ain't there just fine scrummages then? T. Hughes. Scrimp (skrimp), vt. [Dan. skrumpe, Sw. skrumpna, L.G. schrumpen, to shrink, to shrivel; A. Sax. scrimman, to dry, wither, shrivel, is an allied form.] To make too small or short; to deal sparingly with in regard to food, clothes, or money; to limit or straiten; to scant or make scanty.

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Scrimp (skrimp), a. Scanty; narrow; deficient; contracted.

Scrimp (skrimp), n. A niggard; a pinching miser. [United States.]

Scrimply (skrimp'li), adv. In a scrimp manner; barely; hardly; scarcely. Burns. Scrimpness (skrimp'nes), n. Scantiness; small allowance.

Scrimption (skrim'shon), n. A small portion; a pittance. Halliwell. [Local.] Scrinet (skrin), n. [O. Fr. escrin, Mod. Fr. écrin, It scrigno, from L. scrinium, a box or case for papers, from scribo, to write.] A chest, bookcase, or other place where writings or curiosities are deposited; a shrine. Lay forth out of thine everlasting scrine The antique rolles which there lie hidden still. Spenser.

Scringe (skrinj), v. i. [A rare form of cringe; comp. creak, screak; cranch, scranch.] To cringe. [Provincial English and United States.]

Scrip (skrip), n. [Icel. skreppa, Dan skreppe, a bag, a wallet; L.G. schrap, Fris. skrap] A small bag; a wallet; a satchel. 'And in requital ope his leathern scrip.' Milton. Scrip (skrip), n. [For script, L. scriptum, something written, from scribo, to write.] 1. A small writing; a certificate or schedule; a piece of paper containing a writing.

Bills of exchange cannot pay our debts abroad till scrips of paper can be made current coin. Locke. 2. A slip of writing; a list, as of names; a catalogue.

Call them man by man, according to the scrip.

Shak. 3. In com. a certificate of stock subscribed to a bank or other company, or of a subscription to a loan; an interim writing entitling a party to a share or shares in any company, or to an allocation of stock in general, which interim writing, or scrip, is exchanged after registration for a formal certificate.

Lucky rhymes to him were scrip and share. Tennyson. A Scrip-company (skripkum-pa-ni), n. company having shares which pass by delivery, without the formalities of register or transfer.

One who

Scrip-holder (skrip hōld-ér), n. holds shares in a company or stock, the title to which is a written certificate or scrip. Scrippaget (skrip'aj), n. That which is contained in a scrip. Though not with bag and baggage, yet with scrip and scrippage.' Shak. Script (skript), n. 1. A scrip or small writing. This sonnet, this loving script.' Beau. & Fl.-2. In printing, type resembling or in imitation of handwriting.-3. In law, the original or principal document. Scriptorium (skrip-to'ri-um), n. [L., from scriptor, a writer, scribo, to write.] In a monastery or abbey, the room set apart for the writing or copying of manuscripts. Scriptory (skrip'to-ri), a. [L. scriptorius, from scriptor, a writer, from scribo, to write. See SCRIBE.] 1. Expressed in writing; not verbal; written. Wills are nuncupatory and scriptory. Swift.-2. Used for writing. 'Reeds, vallatory, sagittary, scriptory, and others. Sir T. Browne. [Rare.] Scriptural (skrip'tür-al), a. Contained in or according to the Scriptures; biblical; as, a scriptural phrase; scriptural doctrine. Scripturalism (skrip'tūr-al-izm), n. The quality of being scriptural; literal adherence to Scripture.

Scripturalist (skrip'tür-al-ist), n. One who adheres literally to the Scriptures and makes them the foundation of all philosophy. Scripturally (skrip'tür-al-li), adv. In a scriptural manner.

Scripturalness (skrip'tür-al-nes), n. Quality of being scriptural.

Scripture (skriptür), n. [L. scriptura, from scribo, to write.] 1. Anything written; a writing; an inscription; a document; a manuscript; a book.

It is not only remembered in many scriptures, but famous for the death and overthrow of Crassus. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. The books of the Old and New Testaments; the Bible: used by way of eminence and distinction, and often in the plural preceded by the definite article; as, we find it stated in Scripture or in the Scriptures.

There is not any action that a man ought to do or forbear, but the Scriptures will give him a clear precept or prohibition for it. South

3. Anything contained in the Scriptures; a passage or quotation from the Scriptures; a Bible text. Hanging by the twined thread of one doubtful Scripture.' Milton.

The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. Shak.

SCROGGY

Scripture (skrip'tur), a. Relating to the Bible or the Scriptures; scriptural; as, Scripture history. Locke.

Why are Scripture maxims put upon us, without taking notice of Scripture examples. Bp. Atterbury. Scripture-reader (skrip'tür-red-êr), n. One employed to read the Bible in private houses among the poor and ignorant. Scripture-wort (skrip'tür-wért), n. A name applied to the species of Opegrapha or letter lichen. Scripturian (skrip-tü'ri-an), n. Same as Scripturist. [Rare.]

Scripturient (skrip-tü'ri-ent), a. [L.L. scripturio, from scribo, to write.] Having a desire or passion for writing; having a liking or itch for authorship. This grand scripturient paper-spiller.' A. Wood. Scripturist (skrip'tür-ist), n. versed in the Scriptures. Scritch (skrich), n.

One well

A shrill cry; a screech. Perhaps it is the owlet's scritch. Coleridge. Scrivello (skri-vel'lö), n. An elephant's tusk under 20 lbs. weight.

Scrivener (skriv'nėr), n. [0. Fr. escrivain, It. scrivano, from a L.L. scribanus, from L. scribo, to write.] 1. Formerly, a writer; one whose occupation was to draw contracts or other writings.

We'll pass this business privately and well:
Send for your daughter by your servant here:
My boy shall fetch the scrivener presently. Shak,
2. One whose business it is to receive money
to place it out at interest, and supply those
who want to raise money on security; a
money-broker; a financial agent.

How happy in his low degree
Who leads a quiet country life,

And from the griping scrivener free. Dryden.
Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp

under WRITER. Scriven-like,t a. Like a scrivener. Chau

cer.

Scrobiculate, Scrobiculated (skrō-bik'ūlat, skro-bik'u-lat-ed), a. [L. scrobiculus, from scrobs, a furrow.] In bot. furrowed or pitted; having small pits or ridges and fur

rows.

Scrobiculus cordis (skrō-bik'ü-lus kor'dis), n. [L.] In anat. the pit of the stomach. Scrod, Scrode (skrod, skrōd), n. Same as Escrod. Scrofula (skrof'ù-la), n. [L. scrofulæ, a swelling of the glands of the neck, scrofula, from scrofa, a breeding sow, so called because swine were supposed to be subject to a similar complaint.] A disease due to a deposit of tubercle in the glandular and bony tissues, and in reality a form of tuberculosis or consumption. It generally shows itself by hard indolent tumours of the glands in various parts of the body, but particularly in the neck, behind the ears and under the chin, which after a time suppurate and degenerate into ulcers, from which, instead of pus, a white curdled matter is discharged. Scrofula is not contagious, but it is often a hereditary disease; its first appearance is most usually between the third and seventh year of the child's age, but it may arise between this and the age of puberty; after which it seldom makes its first attack. It is promoted by everything that debilitates, but it may remain dormant through life and not show itself till the next generation. In mild cases the glands, after having suppurated, slowly heal; in others, the eyes and eyelids become inflamed, the joints become affected, the disease gradually extending to the ligaments and bones, and producing a hectic and debilitated state under which the patient sinks; or it ends in tuberculated lungs and pulmonary consumption. Called also Struma and King's-evil. Scrofulous (skrof ́ù-lus), a. 1. Pertaining to scrofula or partaking of its nature; as, scrofulous tumours; a scrofulous habit of body.-2. Diseased or affected with scrofula. Scrofulous persons can never be duly nourished. Arbuthnot. Scrofulously (skrof'ū-lus-li), adv. In a scrofulous manner. Scrofulousness (skrof'ū-lus-nes), n. State of being scrofulous. Scrog (skrog), n. [Gael sgrogag, something shrivelled or stunted; sgrog, to shrivel, to compress; comp. serag] A stunted bush or shrub. In the plural it is generally used to designate thorns, briers, &c., and frequently small branches of trees broken off. [Provincial English and Scotch.] Scroggy, Scroggie (skrog'i), a. [A provincial word. See SCROG.] 1. Stunted; shrivelled.

SCROLL

2. Abounding with stunted bushes or brushwood.

Scroll (skröl), n. [Formerly also scrow. O. Fr. escrol, escrou, Mod. Fr. écrou, a scroll, a register; L. L. scroa, skrua, a memoir, a schedule; probably from the Teutonic, in which we find such words as Icel. skrá, a scroll, Sw. skrå, a short writing, L.G. schraa, by-laws. The form of the English word has been influenced by roll, and the French forms have been modified in a similar manner.] 1. A roll of paper or parchment; or a writing formed into a roll; a list or schedule. The heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll. Is. xxxiv. 14. Here is the scroll of every man's name. Shak.

2. An ornament of a somewhat spiral form; an ornament or appendage distantly resembling a partially unrolled sheet of paper; as, (a) in arch. a convolved or spiral ornament, variously introduced; specifically, the volute of the Ionic and Corinthian capitals. (b) The curved head of instruments of the violin family, in which are inserted the pins for tuning the strings. (c) A kind of volute at a ship's bow. See SCROLL-HEAD. (d) A flourish added to a person's name in signing a paper.-3. In her. the ribbon-like appendage to a crest or escutcheon on which the motto is inscribed.

Scrolled (skröld), a. 1. Inclosed in a scroll or roll; formed into a scroll.-2. Ornamented with scrolls or scroll-work. Scroll-head (skröl'hed), n.

An ornamental piece of timber at the bow of a vessel, finished off with carved work in the form of a volute or scroll turning outward. Called also Billet-head. Scroll-saw (skrōl'są), n. A thin and narrow bladed reciprocating saw which passes through a hole in the work-table and saws a kerf in the work, which is moved about in any required direction on the table. Scroll-work (skrōl'wêrk), n. In arch. ornamental work characterized generally by its resemblance to a band, arranged in undulations or convolutions.

Scroop (skröp), n. [Imitative.] A harsh tone or cry. Every word, and scroop, and shout.' Dickens.

Scrophularia (skrof-u-lá'ri-a), a. [From its supposed virtue in curing scrofula.] A genus of plants, the species of which are known by the common name of fig-wort. See FIG-WORT.

Scrophulariaceæ (skrof’u-la-ri-a sẽ-ẽ),n pl. [Scrophularia, one of the genera.] A very large nat. order of herbaceous or shrubby monopetalous exogens, inhabiting all parts of the world except the coldest, containing about 160 genera and 1900 species. They have opposite or alternate entire toothed or cut leaves, and usually four or five lobed irregular flowers with didynamous stamens, placed in axillary or terminal racemes; with a two-celled ovary and albuminous seeds. Many of the genera, such as Digitalis, Calceolaria, Veronica, Pentstemon, &c., are valued by gardeners for their beautiful flowers. Scrotal (skro'tal), a. Pertaining to the scrotum; as, scrotal hernia, which is a protrusion of any of the contents of the abdomen into the scrotum.

Scrotiform (skro'ti-form), a. [L. scrotum, and forma, form.] In bot. formed like a double bag, as the nectary in plants of the genus Satyrium.

Scrotocele (skro'to-sel), n. [Scrotum (which see), and Gr. kele, a tumour.] A scrotal hernia.

Scrotum (skro'tum), n. [L.] The bag which contains the testicles.

Scrouge (skrouj), v. t. [Comp. Dan. skrugge, to stoop, and E. shrug.] To crowd; to squeeze. [Provincial.]

Scrow (skrou), n. 1. A scroll. 'Scrow, or schedule of paper.' Huloet.-2. Curriers' cuttings or clippings from hides, as the ears and other redundant parts, used for making glue. Scroylet (skroil), n. [O. Fr. escrouelles; Fr. écrouelles, the king's-evil, from L. L. scrofelle, from L. scrofula, a swelling of the glands of the neck. See SCROFULA] A mean fellow; a wretch. Probably originally applied to a person afflicted with king's-evil.

The scroyles of Angiers flout you, kings. Shak Scrub (skrub), v.t. pret. & pp. scrubbed; ppr.

4

scrubbing. [Sw. skrubba, Dan. skrubbe, D. schrobben, L.G. schrubben, to rub, to scrub; probably allied to scrape, scrabble, or it may be from rub, with initial se, sk, having an intens. force.] To rub hard, either with the hand or with a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning, scouring, or making bright; as, to scrub a floor; to scrub a deck; to scrub vessels of brass or other metal.

Now Moll had whirl'd her mop with dext'rous airs, Prepared to scrub the entry and the stairs. Swift. Scrub (skrub), v.i. To be diligent and penurious; as, to scrub hard for a living. Scrub (skrub), n. [From the verb to scrub.]

1. A worn-out brush; a stunted broom.2. A mean fellow; one that labours hard and lives meanly.

We should go there in as proper a manner as possible, not altogether like the scrubs about us. Goldsmith.

3. Something small and mean. Scrub (skrub), a. Mean; niggardly; contemptible; scrubby.

How dismal, how solitary, how scrub does this town look! H. Walpole. With a dozen large vessels my vault shall be stored, No little scrub joint shall come on my board. Swift. Scrub (skrub), n. [Same word as shrub, A. Sax. scrob, Dan. dial. skrub, a shrub.] Close, low, or stunted trees or brushwood; low underwood.

He threw himself on the heathery scrub which met the shingle. T. Hughes. Scrubbed (skrub'ed), a. Same as Scrubby. A little scrubbed boy, no higher than thy

self.' Shak.

Scrubber (skrub'ér), n. 1. One who or that which scrubs; a hard broom or brush.2. An apparatus for ridding coal-gas from tarry matter and ammonia. Scrubby (skrub'i), a. Small and mean; vile; worthless; insignificant; stunted in growth; as, a scrubby cur; a scrubby tree. Scrubbyish (skrub'i-ish), a. Somewhat scrubby.

I happen to be sheriff of the county; and, as all writs are returnable to me, a scrubbyish fellow asked me to sign one against you. Colman the Younger.

Scrub-oak (skrub'ok), n. The popular name in the United States for several stunted species of oak, such as Quercus ilicifolia, Q. agrifolia, &c.

Scrub-race (skrub'rās), n. A race between low and contemptible animals got up for

amusement.

Scrubstone (skrub'ston), n. A provincial
term for a species of calciferous sandstone.
Scruft (skruf), n. Scurf.
Scruff (skruf), n. [For scuff (which see).]
The hinder part of the neck.

I shall take you by the scruff of the neck. Marryat. Scrummage (skrum'aj), n. See SCRIMMAGE. Scrumptious (skrump'shus), a. 1. Nice: particular; fastidious; fine. [United States.] 2. Delightful; first-rate; as, scrumptious weather. [Slang.]

Scrunch (skrunsh), v.t. To crush, as with the teeth; to crunch; hence, to grind down. I have found out that you must either scrunch them (servants) or let them scrunch you. Dickens.

Scruple (skrö'pl), n. [Fr. scrupule, a scruple, from L. scrupulus, a little stone (dim. of scrupus, a rough or sharp stone), the twentyfourth part of anything, hence, figuratively, a trifling matter, especially a trifling matter causing doubt, difficulty, or anxiety; hence doubt, difficulty, uneasiness.] 1. A weight of 20 grains; the third part of a dram, or the twenty-fourth part of an ounce in the old apothecaries' measure. Hence-2. Any small quantity.

Nature never lends

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3. In old astron, a digit.-4. Hesitation as to action from the difficulty of determining what is right or expedient; doubt, hesitation, or perplexity arising from motives of conscience; backwardness to decide or act; a kind of repugnance to do a thing, the conscience not being satisfied as to its rightness or propriety; nicety; delicacy; doubt.

He was made miserable by the contest between his taste and his scruples. Macaulay.

Scruple (skrö'pl), v.i. pret. & pp. scrupled; ppr. scrupling. To have scruples; to be reluctant as regards action or decision; to hesitate about doing a thing; to doubt: often followed by an infinitive. He scrupled not to eat Against his better knowledge.

Milton.

SCRUTINIZER

We are often over-precise, scrupling to say or do those things which lawfully we may. Fuller.

Men scruple at the lawfulness of a set form of South. divine worship.

Scruple (skro'pl), v. t. To have scruples about; to doubt; to hesitate to believe; to question; as, to scruple the truth or accuracy of an account or calculation. [Now rare.]

The chief officers 'behaved with all imaginable perverseness and insolence' in the council of state, scru pling the oath to be true to the commonwealth against Charles Stuart or any other person. Hallam.

Scrupler (skröpler), n.

One who scruples;

a doubter; one who hesitates. Away with those nice scruplers.' Bp. Hall. Scrupulist (skrö'pu-list), n. One who doubts or scruples; a scrupler. Shaftesbury.

Scrupulize (skrö'pú-liz), v. t. pret. & pp. scrupulized; ppr. scrupulizing. To perplex with scruples of conscience. Other articles may be so scrupulized.' Montague. Scrupulosity (skrö-pu-los'i-ti), n. [L. scrupulositas. See SCRUPLE.] The quality or state of being scrupulous; hesitation or doubtfulness respecting some point or proceeding from the difficulty of determining how to act; caution or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or offending; nice regard to exactness and propriety; pre

ciseness.

The first sacrilege is looked upon with some horror; but when they have once made the breach their scru pulosity soon retires. Dr. H. More.

So careful, even to scrupulosity, were they to keep their sabbath, that they must not only have a time to prepare them for that, but a further time also to prepare them for their very preparations. South.

Scrupulous (skrö'pu-lus), a. [L. scrupu losus, Fr. scrupuleux. See SCRUPLE.] 1. Full of scruples; inclined to scruple; hesitating to determine or to act; cautious in decision from a fear of offending or doing wrong. 'Abusing their liberty, to the offence of their weak brethren which were scrupulous.' Hooker. 2. Given to making objections; captious. Shak.-3.† Nice; doubtful.

The justice of that cause ought to be evident; not obscure, not scrupulous. Bacon.

4. Careful; cautious; vigilant; exact in regarding facts.

I have been the more scrupulous and wary in regard the inferences from these observations are of importWoodward.

ance.

5. Precise; exact; rigorous; punctilious; as, a scrupulous abstinence from labour. Scrupulously (skrö'pu-lus-li), adv. In a scrupulous manner; with a nice regard to minute particulars or to exact propriety. The duty consists not scrupulously in minutes and half hours. Fer. Taylor. Henry was scrupulously careful not to ascribe the success to himself. Addison. Scrupulousness (skrö'pu-lus-nes), n. The state or quality of being scrupulous; as, (a) the state of having scruples; caution in determining or in acting from a regard to truth, propriety, or expediency.

Others by their weakness, and fear, and scrupulousness, cannot fully satisfy their own thoughts Dr. Puller. (b) Exactness; preciseness. Scrutable (skro'ta-bl), a. [See SCRUTINY.] Capable of being submitted to scrutiny; discoverable by scrutiny, inquiry, or critical examination.

Shall we think God so scrutable or ourselves so pene. trating that none of his secrets can escape us? Dr. H. More.

Scrutation (skrö-tä'shon), n. [L. scrutaScrutator (skrö-ta'ter), n. [L., from scrutor, tio.] Search; scrutiny. [Rare.] scrutatus, to explore.] One who scrutinizes; a close examiner or inquirer; a scrutineer. Ayliffe; Bailey.

Scrutineer (skro-ti-ner), n. One who scrutinizes; one who acts as an examiner of votes, as at an election, &c., to see if they are valid. Scrutinize (skrö'tin-iz), v. t. pret. & pp. scru tinized; ppr. scrutinizing. [From scrutiny.] To subject to scrutiny; to investigate closely; to examine or inquire into critically; to regard narrowly; as, to scrutinize the measures of administration; to scrutinize the private conduct or motives of individuals. To scrutinize their religious motives.' Warburton.

Scrutinize (skrö'tin-iz), v.i. To make scrutiny. Thinks it presumption to scrutinize into its defects.' Goldsmith.

Hatton remained silent and watched him with a scrutinizing eye. D'Israeli. Scrutinizer (skrö'tin-iz-ér), n. One who scrutinizes; one who examines with critical

care.

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SCRUTINOUS

Scrutinous (skro'tin-us), a. Closely inquiring or examining; captious.

Sir F. Denham.

Age is froward, uneasy, scrutinous, Hard to be pleased. Scrutinously (skrö ́tin-us-li), adv. By using scrutiny; searchingly.

Scrutiny (skro'tin-i), n. [L scrutinium, Fr. scrutin, from L. scrutor, to search carefully, to rummage, from scruta, trash, frippery] 1. Close investigation or examination; minute inquiry; critical examination. Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view And narrower scrutiny. Milton. Somewhat may easily escape, even from a wary pen, which will not bear the test of a severe scrutiny. Atterbury.

2 In the primitive church, an examination of catechumens in the last week of Lent, who were to receive baptism on Easter-day. This was performed with prayers, exorcisms, and many other ceremonies. 3. In the canon law, a ticket or little paper billet on which a vote is written.-4. An examination by a competent authority of the votes given at an election for the purpose of rejecting those that are bad, and thus correcting the poll. Scrutiny (skrö ́tin-i), v.t. pret. & pp. scru tinied; ppr. scrutinying. To scrutinize. Johnson.

Scrutoire (skry-twar'), n. [See ESCRITOIRE.]

An escritoire.

Scruzet (skruz), e.t. [A form of serouge.] To crowd; to compress; to crush; to squeeze. Spenser.

Scry (skri), v.t. To descry. Spenser Scry (skri), n. A flock of wild-fowl. Halliwell.

Scry (skri), n. A cry. Berners. Scryne (skrin), n. Same as Serine. Scud (skud), v.i. pret. scudded; ppr. scudding. [A. Sax. scudan, to run quickly, to flee; 0. Sax scuddian, LG. and D. schudden, to set in rapid motion, to shake; Sw. skutta, to run quickly; allied to shudder.] 1. To run quickly; to be driven or to flee or fly with haste; to run with precipitation.

Sometimes he scuds far off, and there he stares. Shak. Foam-flakes scud along the level sand. Tennyson. 2 Naut. to be driven with precipitation before a tempest with little or no sails spread.

Scud (skud),n. 1. The act of scudding; a driv ing along; a running or rushing with speed or precipitation.-2. Loose vapoury clouds driven swiftly by the wind. 'And the dark scud in swift succession flies.' Falconer. Borne on the scud of the sea.' Longfellow. 3. A slight flying shower. [Provincial English 1-4 A small number of larks, less than a flock [Provincial English.]-5. In school slang, a swift runner; a scudder.

I say, said East, looking with much interest at Tom, you ain't a bad scud." T. Hughes. Scud (skud), v. t. To pass over quickly. His lessening flock In snowy groups diffusive scud the vale. Shenstone. Scudder (skud ́ér), n. One who scuds. Scuddick (skud'ik), n. 1. Anything of small value.

Halliwell-2. A shilling. [Slang.] Scuddle (skudl), v.i. pret. scuddled; ppr. scuddling. [A dim of scud.] To run with a kind of affected haste; to scuttle. Scuddy (skud'i), n. A naked infant or young child. [Scotch]

Scudlar (skudlar), n. A scullion. [Scotch.] Scudo (sko'do), n. pl. Scudi (sko’dē). [It., a shield, a crown, from L. scutum, a shield: so called from its bearing the heraldic shield of the prince by whom it was issued.] An Italian silver coin of different value in the different states in which it was issued. The Genoese scudo is equivalent to about 58 4d the Roman, 4s. 4d.; the Sardinian and Milanese, 38 9d. This coin is gradually disappearing before the decimal coinage of the Italian kingdom, but the name is sometimes given to the piece of 5 lire (about 48.). The old Roman gold scudo was worth 10 silver scudi.

Scuff (skuf), n. [See SCUFT.] The hinder part of the neck, the scruff. [Provincial.] Scuff (skuf), v. (See SCUFFLE.] To walk without raising the feet from the ground or floor; to shuffle.

Scuff (skuf), v. t. To graze gently; to pass with a slight touch [Scotch] Scuffle (skufl), c.i. pret scuffled; ppr. scuf. Ring Freq. from A. Sax. sceofan, scúfan, to shove (see SHOVE); Sc. scuff, to graze; Sw. akuga, to shove. See also SHUFFLE, SHOVEL.] To struggle or contend with close grapple; to fight tumultuously or confusedly.

A gallant man prefers to fight to great disadvan

5

tages in the field, in an orderly way, rather than to scuffle with an undisciplined rabble.

Eikon Basilikē.

Scuffle (skuf'l), n. [Partly from verb; comp. also Dan. skuffe, to hoe.] 1. A struggle in which the combatants grapple closely; any confused quarrel or contest in which the parties struggle blindly or without direction; a tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority; a fight.

The dog leaps upon the serpent and tears it to pieces; but in the scuffle, the cradle happened to overturned. Sir R. L'Estrange.

2. A child's pinafore or bib. [Provincial English]-3. A garden hoe. [Provincial English.]

Scuffler (skuflêr), n. 1. One who scuffles. 2. In agri a kind of horse-hoe. Its use is to cut up weeds and to stir the soil. It resembles the scarifier, but is much lighter, and is employed to work after it. See SCARIFIER.

Scuft (skuft), n. [Also written Scuff; comp. Icel. skoft, Goth skufts, hair.] Same as Scruff. Mrs. Gaskell.

Scug (skug), v.t. [Dan. skygge, to shade; Sw. skugga, Icel. skuggi, a shadow, a shade.] To hide; to shelter. [Scotch.]

Scug (skug), n. The declivity of a hill; a place of shelter. [Old English and Scotch.] Sculduddery (skul-dud'er-i), n. 1. Fornication; adultery.-2. Grossness; obscenity. Ramsay 'Sculduddery sangs.' Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.]

Sculk (skulk), v.i. Same as Skulk (which see).

Sculker (skulk’ėr), n. Same as Skulker. Scull (skul), n. Same as Skull. Scull (skul), n. [Origin uncertain. Comp. Icel skjóla, a pail, a bucket; Prov. E. and Sc. skeel, a milk-pan; also Icel. skola, to wash.] 1. A boat; a cock-boat. See SCULLER. 2. One who sculls a boat. - 3. A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can manage two, one on each side. Also an oar when used to propel a boat by being placed over the stern, and worked from side to side, the blade, which is turned diagonally, being always in the water. 4. A large shallow basket without a bow handle, used for carrying fruit, potatoes, fish, &c. [Scotch.]

Scull (skul), n. [A form of shoal. See SHOAL.] A shoal or multitude of fish.

Scull (skul), v.t. To impel or propel by sculls; to propel by moving and turning an oar over the stern.

Scull-cap (skul'kap). See SKULL-CAP. Sculler (skul'ér), n. 1. A boat rowed by one man with two sculls or short oars. - 2. One who sculls or rows with sculls; one who impels a boat by an oar over the stern. Scullery (skul'ér-i), n. [0. Fr. escueillier, a place where bowls are kept, escuelle, a bowl, a platter, from L. scutella, dim. of scutra, a dish; allied to scutum, a shield.] A place where dishes, kettles, and other culinary utensils are cleaned and kept, and where the rough or dirty work connected with the kitchen is done; a back-kitchen. Scullion (skul'yon), n.

SCUPPER

Sculpture (skulp'tūr), n. [Fr., from L. sculp tura, from sculpo, sculptum (also scalpo), to grave.] 1. The art of carving, cutting, or hewing wood, stone, or other materials into images of men, beasts, or other things. Sculpture also includes the moulding or modelling of figures in clay, to be cast in bronze or other metal.-2. Carved work; any work of sculpture, as a figure cut in stone, metal, or other solid substance, representing or describing some real or imaginary object. Some sweet sculpture draped from head to foot.' Tennyson.

There too, in living sculpture, might be seen,

The mad affection of the Cretan queen. Dryden. Sculpture (skulp'tür), v. t. pret. & pp. sculptured; ppr. sculpturing. To represent in sculpture; to carve; to form with the chisel or other tool on wood, stone, or metal. 'Ivory vases sculptured high.' Pope.

The rose that lives its little hour

Is prized beyond the sculptured flower. Bryant. RelatSculpturesque (skulp'tür-esk), a. ing to or possessing the character of sculpture; after the manner of sculpture; resembling sculpture. 'Sculpturesque beauty.' Dr. Caird.

Scum (skum), n. [Sw. and Dan. skum, G. schaum, D. schuim, O. H. G. scum, scum; cog. L. spuma, foam. Fr. écume, O. Fr. escume is from the German.] 1. The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which form on the surface by other means; also, the scoria of molten metals.-2. The refuse; the recrement; that which is vile or worthless.

The great and the innocent are insulted by the Addison. scum and refuse of the people. Scum (skum), v. t. pret. & pp. scummed; ppr. scumming. To take the scum from; to clear off the impure matter from the surface; to skim. "You that scum the molten lead.' Dryden.

Scum (skum), v. i. To throw up scum; to be covered with scum.

Life and the interest of life have stagnated and scummed over. A. K. H. Boyd. Scumber (skum'běr), n. [Contr. from discumber.] Dung; especially, the dung of the fox. [Obsolete and Provincial.] Scumber, Scummer (skum'bër, skum'èr), v.i. To dung. [Obsolete and Provincial.] Scumble (skum'bl), v.t. pret. & pp. scumbled; ppr. scumbling. [Freq. of scum.] To cover lightly or spread thinly over, as an oil painting, drawing, or the like, with opaque or semi-opaque colours to modify the effect.

Scumble (skum′bl), n. In painting, the toning down of a picture by sad colours. 'Whether your drawing is to be brought suddenly to a sharp edge or a scumble.' T H. Lister.

Scummer (skum'ér), n. He who or that which scums; specifically, an instrument used for taking off the scum of liquors; a skimmer. Ray.

Scummer, n. and v. [See SCULLERY.]

1. A servant that cleans pots and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen or scullery. Hence-2. A low, mean, worthless fellow. The meanest scullion that followed his camp.' South. Scullionly (skul'yon-li), a. Like a scullion; base; low; mean. Scullionly paraphrase.' Milton.

Sculp (skulp), v.t. [See SCULPTURE.] To sculpture; to carve; to engrave.

O that the tenor of my just complaint
Were sculpt with steel on rocks of adamant.
Sandys.

the

Sculpin (skul'pin), n. A small sea-fish, the Cottus octodecimspinosus, found on American coasts. The gemmeous dragonet (Callionymus lyra) is so called by the Cornish fishermen. Spelled also Skulpin. Sculptile (skulp'til), a. [L. sculptilis. See SCULPTURE.] Formed by carving. Sculp tile images. Sir T. Browne. Sculptor (skulp'tor), n. One who sculptures; one who cuts, carves, or hews figures in wood, stone, or other like materials. Sculptress (skulp'tres), n. A female artist in sculpture. Quart. Rev. Sculptural (skulp'tür-al), a. Pertaining to sculpture or engraving. Sculpturally (skulp'tür-al-li), adv. By means of sculpture.

The quaint beauty and character of many natural objects, such as intricate branches, grass, &c., as well as that of many animals plumed, spined, or bristled, is sculpturally expressible. Ruskin.

See SCUMBER. Scummings (skum'ingz), n. pl. The matter skimmed from boiling liquors; as, the scummings of the boiling-house. Covered with scum. Scummy (skum'i), a.

Breathe away as 'twere all scummy slime
From off a crystal pool.

Keats.

Scuncheon (skun'shon), n. The stones or arches thrown across the angles of a square tower to support the alternate sides of the octagonal spire; also, the cross pieces of timber across the angles to give strength and firmness to a frame. See SCONCHEON, SQUINCH.

Scunner (skun'êr), v.i. [A Scotch word: A.Sax. scunian, to shun, onscunian, to shun, to loathe.] 1. To loathe; to nauseate; to feel disgust.-2. To startle at anything from doubtfulness of mind; to shrink back from fear.

Scunner (skun'èr), n. Loathing; abhorrence. [Scotch.]

Scup (skup), n. [From Indian name.] The name given in Rhode Island to a small fish belonging to the sparoid family. In New York it is called porgy.

Scup (skup), n. [D. schop, a swing.] A swing: a term still retained by the descendants of the Dutch settlers in New York. Scup (skup), v.i. In New York, to swing. Scupper (skup'èr), n. [Generally connected with scoop. Wedgwood, however, refers it to O. Fr. and Sp. escupir, to spit; Armor. skopa, to spit. The Teutonic forms (G. spei

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