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SPAR

thickness; a piece of sawed timber; a pole: now chiefly technical or local; as, (a) a common rafter of a roof, as distinguished from the principal rafters. (b) Naut. a long beam: a general term for masts, yards, booms, and gaffs. (c) The mast or jib of a derrick; one of the elevated inclined timbers which form sheers for the masting and dismasting of vessels. (d) The bar of a gate. Spart (spär), v.t. pret. & pp. sparred; ppr. sparring. [A. Sax. sparran, sparrian, to bar, to shut, lit. to shut with a spar. See the noun. Sperr is another form.] To bar; to shut, close, or fasten with a bar.

Calk your windows, spar up all your doors. B. Jonson. Spar (spär), v.i. pret. & pp. sparred; ppr. sparring [0. Fr. esparer (It. sparare), to fling out the hind-legs, to kick, from L. ex, out, and parer, to ward off, to parry (which see). The word was originally used in cock-fighting, sparring being the commencement of a cock-fight.] 1. To rise and strike with the feet or spurs: said of cocks.

A young cock will spar at his adversary before his
Gilbert White.

spurs are grown.

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3. To quarrel in words; to dispute; to wrangle. [Colloq.]

Spar (spär), n. In boxing, (a) a preliminary motion or flourish of the partially bent arms in front of the body; a movement in which the boxer is prepared to act offensively or defensively. (b) A boxing-match; a contest with boxing-gloves.

'Oh, oh!' cried out Murray, entering the room at the moment, and Ruby faced out and had a spar Mrs. Riddell.

with him.

Sparable (spar'a-bl), n. [Corruption of sparrow-bill, from the shape.] A kind of nail driven into the soles of shoes and boots.Sparable tin, a Cornish name for small crystals of tin-stone, from their imaginary resemblance to this species of nail. Sparadrap (spar'a-drap), n. [Fr.] A cerecloth.

Sparage, Sparagus (spar'aj, spar'a-gus), n. Asparagus. [Obsolete or vulgar.]

Sparblet (spar'bl), v. t. [O. Fr. esparpiller, to scatter.] To disperse; to scatter; to rout. Fabyan.

Spar-deck (spär'dek),n. Naut. a term somewhat loosely applied, though properly signifying a temporary deck, consisting of spars supported on beams, laid in any part of a vessel. It also means the quarter-deck, gangways, and forecastle of a deep-waisted vessel, and is applied to the upper entire deck of a double-banked vessel without an open waist.

Spare (spår), v. t. pret. & pp. spared; ppr. sparing. [A. Sax. sparian, Icel. and Sw. spara, Dan. spare, G. and D. sparen, to spare. Same root as L. parco (for sparco), to spare.] 1. To use frugally; not to be profuse of; not to waste; to dispense cautiously. The rather will I spare my praises towards him; knowing him is enough. Shak.

Thou thy Father's thunder didst not spare.

Millon.

2. To part with without inconvenience; to do without; to dispense with. Nor can we spare you long.' Dryden.

I could have better spared a better man. Shak. 3. To omit; to forbear; to withhold; to refrain from; as, we might have spared this toil and expense.

Be pleased your politics to spare. Dryden. In this sense often with an infinitive as object.

To pluck and eat my fill I spared not. Milton.
But, if thou spare to fling Excalibur,

I will arise and slay thee with my hands.
Tennyson.

4. To use tenderly; to treat with pity, mercy, or forbearance; to forbear to afflict, punish, or destroy. Spare us, good Lord. Com. Prayer.

My husband is thy friend; for his sake spare me. Shak.

5. To hold in reserve for the use of another; to give; to afford; to grant; to allow. My youth can better spare my blood than you. Shak. Where angry Jove did never spare One breath of kind and temp'rate air.

Roscommon.

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7. To save, withhold, or gain, as from some engrossing occupation or pressing necessity. All the time he could spare from the necessary cares of his weighty charge he bestowed on prayer and serving of God. Knolles.

Spare (spar), v. i. 1. To live frugally; to be parsimonious or frugal; not to be liberal or profuse. A niggardly host and more sparing guest.' Shak.

Who at some times spend, at others spare,

Divided between carelessness and care. Pope. 2. To use mercy or forbearance; to forgive; to be tender; as, strike and do not spare. Spare (spår), a. [A. Sax. spor, moderate, spare; Icel. spari (in compounds), spare, reserved. See the verb.] 1. Scanty; not plentiful or abundant; as, a spare diet.-2. Parsimonious; chary; sparing.

He was spare but discreet of speech. Carew. 3. Over and above what is necessary; which may be dispensed with; not wanted; superfluous; as, I have no spare time on my hands. "If that no spare clothes he had to give.' Spenser.-4. Held in reserve; not required for present use; used in an emergency; as, a spare anchor; a spare bed.5. Lean; wanting flesh; meagre; thin. 'Too spare of flesh.' Tennyson.

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ney.

Sparely (spärli), adv. In a spare manner; sparingly. Milton.

Spareness (spar'nes), n. State of being lean or thin; leanness. Sparer (spar'ér), n. One that spares; one that avoids unnecessary expense. By nature far from profusion, and yet a greater sparer than a saver. Wotton.

Sparerib (spar'rib), n. [Spare, lean, and

rib.] The piece of a hog taken from the side, consisting of the ribs with little flesh on them.

Sparganium (spär-ga'ni-um), n. [From Gr. sparganon, a fillet, because of the ribbonlike leaves ] A genus of plants, nat. order Typhaceæ. The species are moncecious, and the flowers are arranged in dense spherical heads; the leaves are linear. These plants

are found commonly in ditches and marshes of the northern hemisphere. Three of them are common in Great Britain, where they are known by the name of Bur-reed. Sparganosis (spär'gan-o-sis), n. [This word should be spargosis, from Gr. spargaō, to swell to bursting. Sparganosis properly means a wrapping in swaddling-clothes.] In pathol. extreme distension of the breasts by milk.

Dunglison.

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SPARK-CONDENSER

somewhat resemble the perches in form, the body being generally of an ovate form and covered with large scales. The dorsal fin is single, is not protected by any scales, and its anterior rays are not spinous. The pectoral and ventral fins are sharp-pointed; the tail-fin notched. The gill-cover is shining, and has no proper spines or denticulations

Gilthead (Chrysophrys aurata).

The teeth are sometimes acute, and sometimes broad and rounded, and adapted for crushing the shells of Mollusca and Crus tacea, upon which these fishes chiefly feed. The palate is toothless, and the mouth not protractile. The Sparida are mostly inhabitants of warm climates. They are edible, and some of them highly esteemed. British examples are the gilthead (Chrysophrys au rata) and the sea-bream (Pagrus Centredontus). The sargus of the Romans (Sargus Rondeletii) and the sheep's-head of North America (S. ovis) belong to this family. Sparing (spår'ing), a. 1. Scanty; little. Of this there is with you sparing memory or none. Bacon 2. Spare; not abundant; abstemious. Good air, solitary groves, and sparing diet, suffi cient to make you fancy yourself one of the fathers of the desert. Pept

3. Saving; parsimonious; chary.

Virgil being so very sparing of his words, and leav ing so much to be imagined by the reader, can never be translated as he ought in any modern tongue. Dryden. 4. Willing to pity and spare; merciful.

Басон.

Their king... was sparing and compassionate towards his subjects. Sparingly (spar'ing-li), adv. In a sparing manner; as, (a) not abundantly. (b) Frugally; parsimoniously; not lavishly.

Commend but sparingly whom thou dost love. Sir J. Denham (c) Abstinently; moderately.

Christians are obliged to taste even the innocent pleasures of life but sparingly. Atterbury. (d) Seldom; not frequently.

The morality of a grave sentence affected by Lucan is more sparingly used by Virgil. Dryden (e) Cautiously; tenderly; with forbearance.

Touch this sparingly, as 'twere far off. Shak Sparingness (spar'ing-nes), n. The quality of being sparing; as, (a) parsimony; want of liberality. The sparingness of our alms Spark (spärk), n. [A. Sax. spearca, LG. Dr. H. More. (b) Caution; wariness. sparke, D. spark, sperk, also sprank, a spark From the same root as spring, sprinkle, and probably as L. spargo, to scatter, to sprinkle. In meanings 4 and 5 the origin may be different; comp. Icel. sparky, lively, sprightly.] 1. A small particle of fire or ignited substance which is emitted from bodies in combustion.

Man is born unto trouble as the sparks fly upward. Job v. 7.

2. A small shining body or transient light; a sparkle.

All the haft twinkled with diamond sparks. Tennyson. 3. A small portion of anything active or vivid; that which, like a spark, may be kindled into flame or action. If any spark of life be yet remaining.' Shak.

We have here and there a little clear light, and some sparks of bright knowledge.

Locke

4. A brisk, showy, gay man. The finest Prior.-5. A sparks and cleanest beaux.' lover; a gallant; a beau-Electric spark. See under ELECTRIC.

Spark (spark), v. i. 1. To emit particles of fire; to sparkle. 'Her eyes do spark as stars. P. Fletcher.-2. To play the spark or gallant. A sure sign that his master was courting, or, as it is termed, sparking, within.' W. Irving. Spark-condenser (spärk'kon-den-sér), n 1. In elect. an instrument having a glass cage in which a spark may be passed between the battery connections. It is used for burning

SPARKER

metals or obtaining the spectra of gases, and is designed to isolate the atmosphere in which the experiment is conducted; also to enable the experiment to take place in an atmosphere of any required condensation or tenuity.-2. A means of carrying away sparks from a locomotive chimney to a chamber where they are extinguished.

Sparker (spark'ér), n. A contrivance, used chiefly in the chimneys of locomotives fired with wood, to arrest sparks, while allowing the passage of smoke. Called also Sparkarrester. [American.] Sparkful (spark'ful), a. Lively; brisk; gay. Our sparkful youth.' Camden. Sparkish (spark'ish), a. 1. Airy; gay.

Is anything more sparkish and better-humoured than Venus accosting her son in the deserts of Libya! Walsh.

2 Showy; well dressed; fine.

A daw, to be sparkish, tricked himself up with all the gay feathers he could muster. Sir R. L'Estrange. Sparkle (spår kl), vi pret. & pp. sparkled; ppr. sparkling. [Freq. from spark (which Bee).] 1. To emit sparks; to send off small ignited particles, as burning fuel, &c. 2. To shine as if giving out sparks; to glitter; to glisten; to flash with small flashes; to twinkle; as, a brilliant sparkles; sparkling

stars

But their eyes, especially those of the women, are full of expression, sometimes sparkling with fire, and sometimes melting with softness. Cook.

3. To emit little bubbles; as, sparkling wine. SYN. To shine, flash, glitter, glisten, gleam, scintillate, radiate, coruscate.

Sparkle (spar'kl), v.t. (Meaning 2 seems to have arisen from a confusion with sparpil (which see).] 1. To emit with coruscations; to throw out; to shine with. Eyes that sparkle fire. Dryden. -2.† To scatter; to disperse.

'Tis now scarce honour

For you that never knew to fight but conquer, To sparkle such poor people.

Beau. & Fl

The Danes had prepared a navy to come to rob in England, but it was sparkled. Leland.

Sparkle (sparkl), n. 1. A spark; a luminous particle; a scintillation. Some sparkles of his fiery temper.' Prescott. 'Sent a blast of sparkles up the flue.' Tennyson.-2. Luminosity; lustre.

I hold my beauty,
Wash but these sorrows from it, of a sparkle
As right and rich as hers.
Beau. & FL

Sparkler (spark'lér), n. One who or that which sparkles; one whose eyes sparkle. Addison.

Sparklet (spärk'let), n. A small spark. Heaven's twinkling sparklets.' Cotton. Sparkliness † (sparkli-nes), n. Vivacity. Aubrey.

Sparkling (spärk'ling), p. and a. Emitting sparks; glittering; brilliant; lively; as, sparkling wines; sparkling eyes. A mixture of some bright sparkling colours.' Locke. 'Gemmed with sparkling, descriptive verse." Edin. Rev.

Sparklingly (spark'ling-li), adv. in a sparkling manner; with twinkling or vivid brilliancy.

Sparklingness (spärk'ling-nes), n. The quality of being sparkling; vivid and twinkling lustre

Sparling (spärʼling), n. [G. spierling, a sparling. A smelt.

Sparlyret (spar'lir), n. [A. Sax. spær-lira.] The calf of the leg. Wickliffe. Sparoid (spǎ'roid), a. and n. [L. sparus, the gilthead, and Gr. eidos, likeness.] Of or belonging to the Sparide; one of the Sparida. Spar-piece (spār pēs), n. In arch. the collar-beam of a roof; span-piece. Good

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Sparpil, Sparpoilt (spär'pil, spärʼpoil), v. t. [O.Fr. esparpiller, to scatter.] To scatter; to spread abroad; to disperse. Wickliffe. Sparret (spar), v. t (Same as spar, sper.] To har; to bolt; to shut. Spenser. Sparret (spár), n. A spar; a wooden bar. Chaucer.

Sparrow (spaʼrō), n. [0. E. sparwe, A. Sax. spearea, Goth sparra, Dan. spuro, Icel. sport, G. spar, sperling, sparrow.] A small insessorial bird of the genus Pyrgita (P. domestica), family Fringillida, and sub-order Controstres. This well-known bird is the constant attendant on man wherever it is found It inhabits the British Islands and other parts of Europe, and has been introduced into North America and Australia The habits of the common sparrows, their amazing fecundity, their strong attachment to their young, the truculent battles

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in which they will occasionally engage in troops when excited upon some difference of opinion arising out of questions of love or nest-property, their familiarity, not to say impudence, and their voracity, are familiar to all. They often do great injury to the cornfields, but they also do great service to the farmer in destroying grubs, caterpillars, &c., in spring and in the early part of summer. The tree-sparrow (P. montana), the only other British species, is also very widely distributed. It very closely resembles the common sparrow, but is of smaller size. See also HEDGE-SPARROW, REED-SPARROW.

Sparrow-bill (spa'rō-bil), n. See SPARABLE. Sparrow-grass (spa'rō-gras), n. A corruption of Asparagus.

Sparrow-hawk (spa'rō-hak), n. [So named from its being destructive to sparrows.] The common name of a hawk well known in Britain. Only one species belongs to Britain, the Accipiter nisus, A. or Nisus fringillarius, a small hawk, about 12 inches in length. It is a bold, active bird, very destructive to

Sparrow-hawk (Accipiter nisus). pigeons and small birds. The sparrow-hawk of Australia (A. torquatus) is marked by a collar of numerous bars of white. Its habits are very similar to those of the European sparrow-hawk. The American sparrow-hawk is the Falco sparverius, Linn. It is similar in size to the sparrow-hawk, but rather allied to the kestrel.

Sparrow-wort (spa'rō-wêrt), n. The common name of plants of the genus Passerina. Sparry (späri), a. Resembling spar or consisting of spar; spathose; abounding with spar.

As the rude cavern's sparry sides When past the miner's taper glides. F. Baillie. -Sparry anhydrite. Same as Cube-spar, a sub-species of prismatic gypsum found in the salt-mines of Halle, &c.-Sparry iron, sparry iron ore, a carbonate of iron. Called also Spathic or Spathose Iron, Siderite. The clay ironstones, or the clay-bands and blackbands of the coal and other formations, belong to this family of iron ores.

Sparse (spärs), a. [L. sparsus, pp. of spargo, to strew, to scatter, to bestrew, sprinkle, akin to Gr. speiro, to sow.] 1. Thinly scattered; set or planted here and there; not dense; as, a sparse population.-2. In bot. not opposite, nor alternate, nor in any apparent regular order: applied to branches, leaves, peduncles, &c.

Sparset (spars), v. t. To disperse; to scatter. As when the hollow flood of air in Zephire's cheek doth swell

And sparseth all the gathered clouds. Chapman, Sparsedly (spärs'ed-li), adv. In a scattered manner; dispersedly.

Sparsely (spärs'li), adv. In a scattered or sparse manner; thinly. Sparseness (spars'nes), n. The state of being sparse; thinness; scattered state; as, sparseness of population. Sparsim (spar'sim), adv. [L.] Scatteredly; here and there.

Spartan (spartan), a. Pertaining to ancient Sparta; hence, hardy; undaunted; as, Spartan souls; Spartan bravery; Spartan simplicity of manners.-Spartan dog, a bloodhound; hence, a cruel or bloodthirsty person. O Spartan dog, More fell than anguish, hunger, or the sea. Shak. Sparterie (spär'tér-i), n. [Sp. esparteria, a place for making articles of esparto. See ESPARTO.] A collective name for the various kind of articles manufactured from esparto-grass, as mats, nets, cordage, ropes, &c.

SPAT

Sparthe, n. [Icel. spartha.] An axe or halbert. Romaunt of the Rose. Spartina (spär-ti'na), n. [From Gr. spartinë, a rope made from broom.] A genus of grasses. Two species, S. stricta and S.alternifolia, are British plants known by the name of cordgrass. The first is a remarkably stiff and rigid plant, growing in muddy salt marshes on the east and south-east coasts of England.

Spartium (spärʼshi-um), n. [From Gr. sparton, cordage, the use made of the plant in early ages.] A genus of ornamental plants, nat. order Leguminosa, which differs from the common broom (Sarothamnus) in the calyx being split above, and thus one instead of two lipped. S. junceum (Spanishbroom) inhabits the south of Europe. It has yellow sweet-scented flowers, and green rush-like twigs. Its seeds are emetic, purgative, diuretic, and tonic, and are employed medicinally in cases of dropsy. See SPANISHBROOM.

Spar-torpedo (spär-tor-pē'do), n. A torpedo carried on the end of a spar rigged overboard from the bows of a vessel, and fired either by contact or by electricity. Sparus (spa'rus), n. [L., the gilthead.] A genus of acanthopterygious fishes belonging to the family Sparidae. The species are chiefly known in England by the name of gilthead, though that name should properly be restricted to the Chrysophrys aurata, a fish of an allied genus found plentifully in the Mediterranean, and which at times visits the coasts of Great Britain. See SPARIDE.

Sparvert (spär'ver), n. The canopy of a bed. See SPERVER.

Spary (spā'ri), a. Holland.

Sparing; parsimonious.

Spasm (spazm), n. [Fr. spasme, L. spasmus, from Gr. spasmos, from spaō, to draw, to pull, to wrench] 1. In med. an abnormal, sudden, and more or less violent contraction of one or more muscles or muscular fibres. Spasm is either clonic or tonic. In clonic spasm the muscles or muscular fibres contract and relax alternately in very quick succession, producing the appearance of agitation, as in epilepsy. In tonic spasm the muscles or muscular fibres contract in a steady and uniform manner, and remain contracted for a comparatively long time, as in tetanus. Some cases of spasm appear to be intermediate between these two varieties.2. A sudden, violent, and generally fruitless effort; as, a spasm of repentance. Spasmatical (spaz-matʼik-al), a. Relating to spasms; spasmodical. Spasmodic (spaz-mod'ik), a. [Fr. spasmodique; Gr. spasmos, spasm, and eidos, likeness.] 1. Relating to spasm; consisting in spasm; convulsive; as, a spasmodic affection; spasmodic asthma; spasmodic cholera. 2. Marked by strong effort, but of brief duration; violent and short-lived; as, spasmodic efforts; spasmodic industry. - Spasmodic school, a name given in ridicule to certain authors, including Philip Bailey, Gilfillan, Alexander Smith, &c., whose writings were considered to be distinguished, to a greater or less degree, by an overstrained and unnatural style.

Spasmodic (spaz-mod′ik), n. A medicine good for removing spasm; an antispasmodic. Spasmodical (spaz-mod'ik-al), a. Relating to spasm; spasmodic.

Spasmodically (spaz-mod′ik-al-li), adv. In a spasmodic manner. Spasmology (spaz-mol'o-ji), n. [Gr. spasmos, spasm, and logos, discourse.] The doctrine of spasms.

Spastic (spas'tik), a. [Gr. spastikos. See SPASM.] Relating to spasm; spasmodic. Spasticity (spas-tis'i-ti), n. 1. A state of spasm-2. The tendency to or capability of suffering spasm.

Spat (spat), pret. of spit. Spat (spat), n. [Possibly from root of spit, that which is ejected.] The spawn of shellfish; specifically, the name given to the developing spawn of the oyster.

Spat (spat), n. 1. A blow. [Local.2. A petty combat; a little quarrel or dissension. [United States.]

Spat (spat), v.i. To dispute; to quarrel.
Smart.
Spatt (spat), v.t. To spatter; to defile.

Thy mind is spotted, spatted, spilt,
Thy soule is soyld with sinne.

Kendall

Spat, Spatt (spat), n. A short spatterdash, reaching to a little above the ankle. [Scotch.]

SPATANGIDE

Spatangida (spa-tan'ji-dě), n. pl. A tribe of fossil echinites or sea-urchins peculiar to the chalk and greensand. See next article. Spatangus (spa-tang'gus), n. [L., from Gr. spatangos, a seaurchin.] A genus of Echinoidea or sea urchins, family Echinidæ, otherwise called 'heart urchins' from their shape, characterized by the bilabiated mouth being in the third region of the axis of the base, and the anus in the side

Violet Spatangus (S. pur

of the truncated pureus). One half shown with extremity. The its spines removed. species are nu

merous. They are generally of an oval or cordate form, with very slender spines. Spatch-cock (spach'kok), n. [Probably kitchen English for despatch-cock.] A fowl killed, and immediately broiled, for some sudden occasion.

Spate (spat), n. [Perhaps of same root as spew. Levins (1570) gives spate as an English word meaning a torrent.] In Scotland, a sudden heavy flood, especially in mountain streams, caused by heavy rainfalls; an inundation; a great torrent of rain. Written also Spait.

Spatha (spa'tha), n. In bot. same as Spathe. Spathaceous (spa-tha'shus), a. In bot. having that sort of calyx called a spathe; resembling a spathe; spathal. Spathal (spa'thal), a. In bot. furnished with a spathe; as, spathal flowers. Spathe (spath), n. [L. spatha, Gr. spathe,

Spathe-Flower of Cocoa Palin.

a broad blade, the spathe of a flower.] In bot. a large membranaceous bract

situated at the base of a spadix, which it incloses as a sheath. It is seen in

the greatest perfection in the palms and arums. Spathed (spathd), a. In bot. having a spathe or calyx like a sheath. Spathella (spa-thel'la), n. [Dim. of L. spatha, a blade.] In bot. another name for the Glumella, or inner husk of grasses. Spathic (spath'ik), a. [Fr. spathique, from spath; G. spath, spar] In mineral. applied to minerals having an even lamellar or flatly foliated structure.-Spathic iron, carbonate of iron; an ore of iron of a foliated structure, and a yellowish or brownish colour. See Sparry Iron under SPARRY. Spathiform (spath'i-form), a.

Resembling

spar in form; as, the ochreous, spathiform, and mineralized forms of uranite.

Spathilla (spa-thil'la), n. A secondary spathe in a spathaceous inflorescence, as in palms. Spathodea (spa-thō'de-a), n. [Gr. spathe, a broad blade, and eidos, likeness, in reference to the form of the calyx.] A genus of plants, nat. order Bignoniaceae. The species are truly splendid plants when in flower, the flowers being orange-coloured, yellow, or purple. They are inhabitants of tropical Asia and Africa.

Spathose (spath'ōs), a. 1. In bot. relating to or formed like a spathe; spathaceous.2. In mineral. sparry; of the nature of spar; occurring in broad plates or lamella; foliated in texture. - Spathose iron. Same as Spathic Iron.

In bot. same as

Spathous (spath'us), a.
Spathose.
Spathulate (spath'u-lat). Same as Spatu-
late.

Spatial (spa'shi-al), a. Of or pertaining to

space.

Spatially (spä'shi-al-li), adv. Having refer-
ence to or as regards space. Written also
Spacially (which see).
Spatiatet (spa'shi-ät), v.i. [L.

spatior, spatiatus, from spatium, space. See SPACE.] To rove; to ramble.

Confined to a narrow chamber he could spatiate at large through the whole universe. Bentley. Spatter (spat'ter), v. t. [Freq. from old spat, akin to spit, spot, spout, and spew; comp. sputter.] 1. To scatter a liquid substance on; to sprinkle with anything liquid or semi-liquid that befouls: to bespatter; as, to spatter a coat; to spatter the boots with

148

mud; to spatter the floor. [This word is applied always to fluid or moist substances. We say, to spatter with water, mud, blood, or gravy.]

The pavement swam in blood, the walls around
Were spatter'd o'er with brains. Addison.

2. Fig. to asperse; to defame.-3. To scatter about; as, to spatter water here and there.4. To throw out anything offensive; as, to spatter foul speeches.

Spatter (spat'ter), v.i. To throw out of the mouth in a scattered manner; to sputter. See SPUTTER.

Wear

Spatterdash (spat'tér-dash), n. [Spatter and dash.] A covering of cloth or leather for the leg, fitting upon the shoe; a gaiter; a legging. Spatterdashed (spat'ter-dasht), a. ing spatterdashes. Thackeray. Spattlet (spat'l), n. Spittle. Bale. Spattle (spat'l), n. [See SPATULA.] 1. A spatula.-2. In pottery, a tool for mottling a moulded article with colouring matter. Spattling-poppy (spat'ling-pop-pi), n. The bladder-campion (Silene inflata), a perennial which grows in cornfields and dry pastures, and near the sea-shore, the young shoots of which are sometimes used like asparagus. Spatula (spat'u-la), n. [L., dim. of spatha, Gr. spathe, a broad flat instrument. SPADE.] 1. A flat sort of knife with a thin flexible blade, used by druggists, painters, &c., for spreading plasters, working pigments, &c.-2. In surg. a flat instrument, angular or straight, for depressing the tongue and keeping it out of the way in operations about the throat or larynx. Spatularia (spat-u-la'ri-a), n. [From the form of the snout. See SPATULA.] A genus of fishes belonging to the sturgeon tribe.

1

Spatularia, upper (1) and under (2) view.

See

They are remarkable for the form of their snouts, which are enormously long and leaf-like in form. The type of the genus is the paddle-fish of the Mississippi. Spatularidæ (spat-u-lar'i-de), n. pl. A small family of ganoid fishes, nearly allied to the sturgeons, of which Spatularia is the type. See SPATULARIA.

Spatulate (spat'u-lat), a. Shaped like a spatula; resembling a spatula in shape; specifically, in bot. applied to a leaf having a linear form enlarging suddenly into a rounded extremity.

Spatulate Leaf.

Spauld, Spawld (spald), n. [O. Fr. espaule, Fr. épaule, the shoulder, from L. spatula, spathula, dim. of spatha, a broad, flat instrument.] The shoulder. [Scotch.] Spavin (spav'in), n. [O. Fr. espavent ('a spaven in a horse.' Cotgrave), also esparvain, Mod. Fr. éparvin, It. spavenio. Origin doubtful.] A disease of horses affecting the hock-joint, or joint of the hind-leg, between the knee and the fetlock. It occurs in two forms: (a) bog or blood spavin, in which the joint is distended by synovia or joint oil. (b) Bone spavin, or spavin proper, where there is a morbid deposition of bony substance, such as to unite separate bones a form which is sometimes incurable.

Spavined (spav'ind), a. Affected with spavin. A blind, spavined, galled hack, that was only fit to be cut up for a dogkennel.' Goldsmith. Same as Spa. Spaw (spa), n. Spawder (spa'dèr), n. An injury arising from the legs of animals being forced too far asunder on ice or slippery roads. [Provincial.]

Spawl (spal), v.i. [Contr. from A. Sax. spadl, spatl, spittle, from spætan, spatan, to spit. See SPIT.] To throw saliva from the mouth in a scattering form; to disperse spittle in a careless dirty manner.

Why must he sputter, spawl, and slaver it? Swift. Spawl (spal), n. Saliva or spittle thrown out carelessly. Dryden.

SPEAK

Spawl (spal), n. [See SPALE.] A fragment of stone; a spall.

Spawling (spal'ing), n. Saliva thrown out carelessly; spawl 'Marble floors with drunken spawlings shine.' Congreve, Spawn (span), n. (It has no plural) [Perhaps from A. Sax. spiwan, to spew or spit out; or from A. Sax. spana, spanu, Prov. E. spean, spane, a teat. The term spat, young oysters, gives some support to the former etymology.] 1. The eggs or ova of fishes, frogs, &c., from which, when fertilized by the males, a new progeny arises that continues the species. In the oviparous fishes with distinct sexes the eggs are impregnated externally, and arrive at maturity without the aid of the mother. The spawn being deposited by the female, the male then pours upon it the impregnating fluid. In the ovoviviparous fishes sexual intercourse takes place, and the eggs are hatched in the uterus. Fishes exhibit a great variety in regard to the number of their eggs. In some the number is small, while in others it is prodigiously great. In the spawn of a cod-fish, for example, no fewer than three and a half millions of eggs have been found. In general, before spawning, fish forsake the deep water and approach the shore, and some fish leave the salt water and ascend the rivers before spawning, and then return again.-2. Any product or offspring: an expression of contempt. 'Slander, meanest spawn of hell.' Tennyson.

'Twas not the spawn of such as these

That dyed with Punic blood the conquered seas. Roscommon. 3. A name given to the buds or branches which are produced from underground stems of plants.-4. The white fibrous matter forming the matrix from which fungi are produced; the mycelium of fungi. Spawn (span,, v.t. 1. To produce or deposit, as fishes do their eggs.-2. To bring forth; to generate: in contempt.

What practices such principles as these may spawn, when they are laid out to the sun, you may determine. Locke.

Spawn (span), v.i. 1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs.-2. To issue, as offspring: in contempt.

It is so ill a quality, and the mother of so many ill ones that spawn from it, that a child should be brought up in the greatest abhorrence of it. Locke. Spawner (span'èr), n. The female fish.

The barbel. both the spawner and the melter cover their spawn with sand. Ix. Walton. Spay (spa), v.t. [A Celtic word: Manx spoiy, Gael. spoth, to castrate; same root as L. spado, Gr. spadon, a eunuch.] To extirpate the ovaries of: a process applied to female animals, to incapacitate them for producing young. The operation is performed generally when the animal is young, and is meant to prevent conception and promote fattening.

Spay (spa), n. [Other forms are spaie, spaid, spade, spayade; origin unknown.] The male of the red-deer in his third year. Spayade (spä'äd), n. [See above.] In her. a stag in his third year. Speak (spēk), v.i. pret. spoke (spake archaic, poetical); pp. spoken (spoke obs. or vulgar); ppr. speaking. [O.E. speken, A. Sax. specan, sprecan, D. and L.G. spreken, G. sprechen, to speak. Wedgwood connects it with L.G. spaken, to crack with drought, comparing Sc. crack, familiar talk, conversation, with E. crack, a fissure. As to the omission of ther comp. speckled, Sc. spreckled, A. Sax. weccan, wreccan, to rouse.] 1. To utter words or articulate sounds; to express thoughts by words; as, man everywhere is able to speak. Speak, Lord, for thy servant heareth. 1 Sam. iii. 9. 2. To utter a speech, discourse, or harangue; to express thoughts in more formal language than in ordinary talk or conversation; to utter thoughts in a public assembly.

Many of the nobility made themselves popular by speaking in parliament against those things which Clarendon. were most grateful to his majesty. The man seemed to be able to speak in no other way; and, I have little doubt, spoke as bombastically as he talked. G. A. Sala.

3. To talk; to express opinions; to dispute. We must speak by the card, or equivocation will Shak

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undo us.

4. To discourse; to make mention; to tell by writing.

Lucan speaks of a part of Caesar's army that came Addison. to him from the Leman lake. The Scripture speaks only of those to whom it speaks. Hammond.

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SPEAK

5. To give sound; to sound.

Make all your trumpets speak.

Shak. 6. To communicate ideas in any manner; to express thought generally; to be expressive. There's language in her eye, her cheek, her lip; Nay, her foot speaks. Shak. Abate the stride which speaks of man. Tennyson. -To speak for, to argue in favour of; to plead the cause of; to intercede for; to urge the claims of; to defend the cause of; to be the representative or spokesman of; to express the opinions of.

Shak.

The general and his wife are talking of it;
And she speaks for you stoutly.
An honest man, sir, is able to speak for himself,

when a knave is not.
Shak.
Surely I shall be allowed to speak for mine own self.
Tennyson.

-To speak out, to speak loud or louder; hence, to speak boldly or unreservedly; to disclose or tell aloud what one knows or thinks about a subject; to disclose what is hidden or concealed.-To speak up, to speak in a loud or louder tone; to express one's thoughts freely, boldly, or unreservedly; to speak out. To speak well for, to be a commendatory or favourable indication of; as, his eagerness speaks well for his success.To speak with, to converse with; as, let me speak with my son.-Speak, Talk. Speak is more general in meaning than talk. Thus a man may speak by uttering a single word, whereas to talk is to utter sentiments consecutively; so, a man may be able to speak though he is not able to talk. Speak is also more formal in meaning; as, to speak before a brilliant audience; while talk implies a conversational manner of speaking.-SYN. To say, tell, talk, converse, discourse, articulate, pronounce.

Speak (spek), v.t. 1. To utter with the mouth; to pronounce; to utter articulately.

They sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spake a word unto him. Job ii. 13.

2. To tell; to say; to make known orally; to declare; to announce; as, to speak the truth; to speak one's mind. Speak to me who thou art. Shak.-3. To proclaim; to celebrate. It is my father s music

To speak your deeds. Shak. Report speaks thee a bonny monk. Sir W. Scott. 4. To talk or converse in; to utter or pronounce, as in conversation; as, a man may know how to read and to understand a language which he cannot speak.-5. To address; to accost.

He will smile upon thee, put thee in hope, and speak thee fair. Ecclus. xiii. 6.

6. To exhibit; to make known; to declare; to express in any way.

Let heaven's wide circuit speak The Maker's high magnificence. Milton.

Till back the maiden fell, and lay, Speaking a still good-morrow with her eyes. Tennyson. -To speak a ship, to hail and speak to her captain or commander.-Say, Speak, Tell. See SAY.

Speakable (spēk'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of or fit for being spoken. Oaths... most horrible, and not speakable. Shak.-2. Having the power of speech. [Rare.]

Say

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3. One that utters or pronounces a discourse; usually, one that utters a speech in public, or one that practises public speaking; as, be is a good or fluent public speaker.-4. One who is the mouthpiece or spokesman of another; especially, one who presides over a deliberative assembly, preserving order, and regulating the debates; as, the speaker in the Houses of Lords and Commons in Britain; the speaker of the House of Representatives in America; the speaker of the parliamentary bodies of many of the British colonies, &c. The speaker of the British House of Commons is a member of the house, elected by desire of and with the approbation of the crown to act as chairman or president, in putting questions, reading bills, keeping order, controlling the debates of the house, &c. He is not to deliver his sentiments upon any question, or give his vote, except in a committee or in case of an equality of votes, when he has the privilege of giving a casting-vote. It is also the duty of the speaker to interrupt a member whose

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language is indecorous, or who wanders from the subject of debate; he may also stop a debate to remind the house of any standing order or established mode of proceeding which he sees about to be violated. He, however, submits everything to the decision of the house. He is a member of the privycouncil, and ranks after the barons. He has a salary of £6000 a year, with a free residence. On vacating his office he is made a peer, and receives a pension of £4000. The lord chancellor, or the keeper of the great seal, is speaker of the House of Lords ex officio. He can speak and vote on any question.

Speakership (spēk'ér-ship), n. The office of speaker.

Speak-house (spēk'hous), n. See SPEKE

HOUSE.

Speaking (spek'ing), a. 1. Used for the purpose of conveying speech or the sounds of the voice; as, a speaking-trumpet.-2. Animated; forcibly expressive; as, a speaking portrait; a speaking likeness.

A representation, borrowed, indeed, from the actual world, but closer to thought, more speaking and significant, more true than nature and life itself. Dr. Caird. -Speaking acquaintance, an acquaintance of a slight or not very intimate nature, the parties concerned generally limiting themselves to the interchange of mere phrases of courtesy on meeting or the like.

Dickens.

I have the honour of a speaking acquaintance with such a patriarch as you describe. -To be on speaking terms, to be slightly acquainted, as from occasional or frequent meeting, and interchanging terms of civility, &c.

Speaking-trumpet (spēk'ing-trum-pet), n. A trumpet-shaped instrument by which the sound of the human voice may be reinforced so that it may be heard at a great distance. Speaking-tube (spek'ing-tub), n. A tube of gutta percha or other material for communicating orally from one room to another. Spear (sper), n. [A. Sax. spere, D. and G. speer, Dan. sper, Icel. spjör; comp. L. sparus, a hunting spear. Probably akin to spar, a beam or rafter, and to spire.] 1. A long pointed weapon used in war and hunting,

d

b

Ancient Spears.

a. Time of Edward IV. (a spetum). b, Time of James I. (a partisan). c, Time of Cromwell (a pike). d, Time of Henry VII. e, Time of Henry VIII.

by thrusting or throwing; a lance.-2. A man armed with a spear; a spearman. 'Flesh and wine to feed his spears.' Tennyson.-3. A sharp-pointed instrument with barbs, used for stabbing fish and other animals. 4. A shoot, as of grass: more commonly called a spire.-5. The feather of a horse called also the streak of the spear. It is a mark in the neck, or near the shoulder of some barbs, which is reckoned a sure sign of a good horse. - Spear side, sometimes spear half, a term occasionally used for the male line of a family, in contradistinction to spindle side (or spindle half), the female

line.

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SPECIAL

Spear-foot (sper'fut), n. The off foot behind of a horse.

Spear-grass (sper'gras), n. A name applied to various long sharp-leaved grasses. 'Tickle our noses with spear-grass.' Shak. Spear-hand (sper hand), n. In the manege, a horseman's right hand, that being the hand in which the spear is held. Spear-head (sper'hed), n. The metal point of a spear.

Spearman (sperman), n. One who is armed with a spear. Ps. lxviii. 30. Spearmint (sper'mint), n. A plant of the genus Mentha, the M. viridis. See MINT. Spear-thistle (sper'this-1), n. A plant of the genus Cnicus, the C. lanceolatus. It grows on waysides and in pastures. The leaves are downy beneath, and their points long and very sharp, and it has handsome heads of purple flowers. Spearwort (sper'wêrt), n. A plant of the genus Ranunculus. The great spearwort is the R. Lingua, and the lesser spearwort is the R. flammula. Both are British plants. See RANUNCULUS.

Spec (spek), n. A colloquial abbreviation of Speculation; as, this is a good spec.

They said what a wery gen'rous thing o' them to have taken up the case on spec, and to charge noth. ing at all for costs, unless they got 'em out of Mr. Pickwick. Dickens.

Speces,t n. pl. Species; sorts or kinds. Chaucer.

Specht, Speight (spekt, spät), n. [G. specht, the woodpecker; Icel. spæetr, Dan. spette; probably allied to L. picus.] A woodpecker. [Obsolete or local.]

Special (spesh'al), a. [Fr. spécial, from L. specialis, from species, kind (which see).] 1. Pertaining to, constituting, or designating a species or sort.

A special idea is called by the schools a species. Watts. 2. Particular; peculiar; differing from others; extraordinary; uncommon.

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4. Confined to some particular class of subjects; devoted to a distinct field or range; as, a special dictionary, as one of medicine or law. 5. Chief in excellence.

The king hath drawn The special head of all the land together. Shak. -Special administration. See under ADMINISTRATION.-Special agent, an agent authorized to transact only a particular business for his principal, as distinguished from a general agent. -Special bail. See under BAIL.-Special bailiff, a person named by a party in a civil suit for the purpose of executing some particular process therein, and appointed by the sheriff on the application of such party. - Special bastard, one born of parents before marriage, the parents afterwards intermarrying.-Special case, a statement of facts agreed to on behalf of two or more litigant parties, and submitted for the opinion of a court of justice as to the law bearing on the facts so stated. In Scots law, in civil jury causes, a special case differs from a special verdict only in this, that the special verdict is returned by the jury, whereas the special case is adjusted by the parties themselves, or by their counsel, and sets forth the special facts on which they are agreed without the evidence.Special constable, a person sworn to aid the constituted authorities, military or civil, in maintaining the public peace on occasions of exigency, as to quell a riot.-Special contract. See SPECIALTY.-Special correspondent. See under CORRESPONDENT.-Special demurrer, one in which the cause of demurrer is particularly stated.-Special imparlance, one in which there is a saving of all exceptions to the writ or count, or of all exceptions whatsoever. - Special injunctions, those prohibitory writs or interdicts against acts of parties, such as waste, nuisance, piracy, &c.-Special jury. See under JURY.-Special license, a license obtained from the Archbishop of Canterbury, which enables a priest to marry the parties without the publication of bans, and also at any time or place other than those necessary in

SPECIAL

ordinary cases.-Special occupancy, where an estate is granted to a man and his heirs during the life of cestui que vie, and the grantee dies without alienation, and while the life for which he held continues the heir will succeed, and is called a special occupant.-Special paper, a list kept in court for putting down demurrers, &c., to be argued.-Special plea, a plea in bar in a criminal matter, not being a plea of the general issue. Such pleas are of four kinds-a former acquittal, a former conviction, a former attainder, or a pardon.-Special pleader, a member of one of the Inns of Court whose professional occupation it is to give verbal or written opinions on matters submitted to him, and to draw pleadings, civil and criminal, and such practical proceedings as may be out of the usual course.-Special pleading, (a) the allegation of special or new matter as distinguished from a direct denial of matter previously alleged on the other side. (b) The science of pleading, which, until the passing of an act in 1852, constituted a distinct branch of the law, having the merit of developing the points in controversy with great precision. Its strictness and subtlety were frequently a subject of complaint, and one of the objects of the act was to relax and simplify its rules. (c) A popular term for the specious but unsound or unfair argumentation of one whose aim was victory rather than truth.-Special property, a qualified or limited property, as the property which a man aquires in wild animals by reclaiming them.-Special tail is where a gift is restrained to certain heirs of the donee's body, and does not descend to the heirs in general-Special verdict is a verdict in which the jury find the facts and state them as proved, but leave the law arising from the facts to be determined by the court.

Special (spesh'al), n. 1. A particular; a spe'Procial or particular thing or person. mises of long life annexed to some specials of his service.' Hammond.-2. Any person or thing appointed for a special purpose or occasion, as a constable, a railway train, &c.; as, they travelled by special to Edinburgh; the riot was so great that the specials were called out. A person who Specialist (spesh'al-ist), n. devotes himself to a particular branch of a profession, art, or science; a person who has studied and acquired a special knowledge of some particular subject.

Thus

oculists and aurists are specialists as regards surgery.

Speciality (spesh-i-al'i-ti),n. 1. A particular matter or point; a specialty. Sir M. Hale. 2. That property by which a person or thing is specially characterized; that in which one is specially versed; that branch of science or art to which one specially devotes himself; as, he has a wide knowledge of science, but botany is his speciality.

It is in this way that you escape from the wretched narrow-mindedness which is the characteristic of every one who cultivates his speciality alone.

Lord Lytton. 3. A quality or attribute peculiar to a species.

Specialization (spesh'al-iz-a"shon), n. The act of specializing; the act of devoting to a particular use or function, as the setting apart of a particular organ for the performance of a particular function; special determination.

It is proved experimentally that every bundle of nerve-fibres, and every ganglion, has a special duty; and that each part of every such bundle, and every such ganglion, has a duty still more special. Can it be, then, that in the great hemispherical ganglia alone this specialization of duty does not hold?

Herbert Spencer. Specialize (spesh'al-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. specialized; ppr. specializing. 1. To mention specially. 2. To assign a specific use or purpose to; to devote or apply to a specific use or function.

It is useless to speculate upon the use of these rude yet venerable weapons. Almost as well might we ask to what purpose could they not be applied? Numerous and specialized as are our modern instru. ments, who would care to describe the exact use of a knife? Ed. Rev.

Specially (spesh'al-li), adv. 1. In a special manner; particularly; especially.-2. For a particular purpose; as, a meeting of the legislature is specially summoned. Specialty (spesh'al-ti), n. 1. A particular matter or thing; a particular point. The specialty of rule hath been neglected. Shak. On these two general heads all other specialties are dependent. Hooker.

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2. A special term or article in a contract. Let specialties be therefore drawn between us.

Shak. [Now little used in the senses above, its common acceptations being the following.]3. That property by which a person or thing is characterized; that in which one is specially versed; that branch of science or art to which one specially devotes himself. See SPECIALITY, 2.-4. In law, a special contract; an obligation or bond; the evidence of a debt by deed or instrument under seal. Such a debt is called a debt by specialty in distinction from simple contract. -Specialty debts, in law, bonds, mortgages, debts secured by writing under seal.

Specie (spe'shi), n. [The ablative form of L. species, and so used as an English word probably from its occurrence in the frequent phrase 'paid in specie.' See SPECIES.] Gold, silver, &c., coined, and used as a circulating medium of commerce; hard money; coin: in contradistinction to paper-money, as bank-notes, bills, &c. Species (spe'shēz), n. sing. and pl. [L., a seeing, that which is seen, appearance, shape, a peculiar sort, kind, or quality, from L. specio, to look at, to behold: Gr. skeptō, skeptomai; Skr. pash, to see; akin spite, spice, spy, despise, respect, spectacle, &c. Meaning 6 is derived from the fact that in L. Latin species (both in sing. and pl.) came from having the meaning of wares in general to have the meaning of valuables, precious goods. In French it is the plural espèces that is used for specie.] 1. Visible or sensible representation; appearance to the senses or the mind; sensible or intellectual representation; an image. [Rare.]

An apparent diversity between the species visible and audible is that the visible doth not mingle in the Bacon. medium, but the audible doth.

Wit... is no other than the faculty of imagination in the writer which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it deDryden. signs to represent.

2. A public spectacle or exhibition; a show. Shows and species serve best with the people. Bacon.

3. A class, collection, or assemblage of things or beings classified or associated according to attributes or properties which are determined by scientific observation; as, (a) a group of animals or plants which generally bear a close resemblance to each other in the more essential features of their organization, which produce fertile progeny, and which may, in the generality of cases, produce individuals varying from the general type of the group, the variation, however, being in all cases of a limited kind. Under this definition the various species, 'kinds' of animals and plants, and their included varieties may be comprehended; and this mode of stating the idea of species at the same time leaves the great question of the 'origin of species,' raised chiefly by Darwin and his followers, an open one, and one which must be left for future observers to settle. Up till a recent time naturalists regarded species as unchanging throughout the longest succession of ages, except within narrow and marked limits. Thus Buffon defines a species as 'a constant succession of individuals similar to, and capable of reproducing each other;' and Cuvier as 'a succession of individuals which reproduces and perpetuates itself.' (b) In mineralogy, chemistry, and such sciences as relate to inorganic substances, species is regarded by some writers as being determined by identity of physical properties, as specific gravity, hardness, &c.; and by others, as constituted by chemical composition, the natural properties going for nothing. In scientific classification species unite to form groups called genera, which are included in orders, the orders forming classes, and so on.-4. In logic, a group of individuals agreeing in common attributes and designated by a common name; a conception subordinated to another conception, called a genus or generic conception, from which it differs in containing or comprehending more attributes, and extending to fewer individuals; thus 'man' is a species under animal' as a genus, and 'man' in its turn may be regarded as a genus with respect to European, Asiatic, and the like.5. Kind; sort; variety; description; as, a coarse species of wit; a species of low cunning; a fine species of cloth; a rare species of generosity.-6. Metal coined into a circulating medium; coin; specie.

Rome possessed a much greater proportion of the

SPECIFY

circulating species of its time than any European Arbuthnot. city. Species, your honour knows, is of easier conveyance. Garrick.

7. In med. (a) a component part of a compound medicine; a simple. (b) A compound powder of any kind. Quincey.-8. In ciri law, the form or shape given to materials; fashion or shape; form; figure. Burrill. Specific (spe-sif'ik), a. [Fr. spécifique, from L. species, and facio, to make.] 1 Pertaining to, characterizing, or constituting a species; possessing the peculiar property or properties which constitute something a species and distinguish it from other things; as, the specific form of an animal or a plant; the specific qualities of a plant or a drug; the specific difference between an acid and an alkali; the specific distinction between virtue and vice.

Specific difference is that primary attribute which distinguishes each species from one another. Watts, 2. Tending to specify or particularize; defnite; precise; as, a specific statement.-3. In med. acting upon some particular organ more than upon others; possessed of peculiar efficacy in the cure of a particnlar disease. See the noun.-4. In law, having a certain form or designation; observing a certain form; precise.-Specific centre, the point or locality where any species of animals or plants had its origin, and from which its individuals became diffused. - Specifie character, that which distinguishes one species from every other species of the same genus; the essential character of a species. -Specific gravity. See under GRAVITY. — Specific heat. See HEAT.- Specific legacy, in law, a bequest of a particular thing, as of a particular piece of furniture, specified and distinguished from all others.-Specific name, the name which, appended to the name of the genus, constitutes the distinetive name of the species: originally applied by Linnæus to the essential character of the The species, or the essential difference. present specific name he at first called the trivial name.

Specific (spe-sif'ik), n. 1. In med, a remedy which exerts a special action in the prevention or cure of a disease; an infallible, or supposed infallible remedy.

If she would drink a good decoction of sarsa, with the usual specifics, she might enjoy a good health. Wiseman.

In a spe

2. Something certain to effect the purpose for which it is used; an unfailing agent. The most approved specific for getting out the stain of red wine.'" Dr. H. More. Same as SpeSpecifical (spe-sif'ik-al), a. cific. Blackstone. Specifically (spe-sif'ik-al-li), adv. cific manner; according to the nature of the • Those species; definitely; particularly. several virtues that are specifically requisite to a due performance of this duty.' South. But it is rather manifest that the essence of spirits is a substance specifically distinct from all corporeal Dr. H. More. matter whatsoever. State

Specificalness (spe-sif'ik-al-nes), n. of being specifical. Specificatet (spe-sif'ik-at), v. t. pret. & pp. specificated; ppr. specificating. [L species, form, and facio, to make.] To show, mark, or designate the species or the distinguishing particulars of a thing; to specify. Sir M. Hale.

1. The Specification (spes'i-fi-kā"shon), n. act of specifying or determining by a mark or limit; notation of limits.

This specification or limitation of the question hinders the disputers from wandering away from the Watts. precise point of inquiry.

2. The designation of particulars; particular mention; as, the specification of a charge against a military or naval officer.-3. A particular and detailed account or description of a thing; specifically, a statement of particulars, describing the dimensions, details, peculiarities, &c., of any work about to be undertaken, as in architecture, building, engineering, &c. It is a condition in patents that the inventor should give a specification of his invention, in which the nature of the invention must be particularly described and ascertained. -4. An article, item, or particular specified.-5. In Scots law, the formation of a new property from materials belonging to another. Specificness (spe-sif'ik-nes), n or character of being specific. Specify (spes'i-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. specified; ppr. specifying. [Fr. spécifier, as if from a L. specifico-species, and facio, to make.] To mention or name distinctively; to desig

The state

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