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STRATAGEMIC

'To tutor thee in for deceiving an enemy. stratagems of war.' Shak.-2. Any artifice; a trick by which some advantage is intended to be obtained.

Those oft are stratagems which errors seem. Pope.
& A dreadful deed; anything amazing and
appalling.

The man that hath no music in himself.
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils.

Shak.

SYN. Artifice, finesse, trick, deception, delusion, wile, snare.

Stratagemic, Stratagemical (strat-a-jem'ik, strat-a-jem'ik-al), a. Containing stratagem or artifice. [Rare.]

His wife, to gain entirely his affections, sent him Swift. this stratagemical epistle. Stratarithmetry (strat-a-rith'met-ri), n. (Gr. stratos, an army, arithmos, a number, and metron, measure. ] Milit. the art of drawing up an army or body of men in a geometrical figure, or of estimating or expressing the number of men in such a figure. Strategetic, Strategetical (strat-e-jet'ik, strat-e-jet'ik-al), a. Same as Strategic. Strategetically (strat-e-jet'ik-al-li), adv. In a strategetical manner. Strategetics (strat-e-jet'iks), n. Strategy. Strategic, Strategical (stra-tej'ik, stra-tej'ik-al), a. Pertaining to strategy; effected by strategy; of the nature of strategy or artifice.-Strategic point, any point or region in the theatre of warlike operations which affords to its possessor an advantage over his opponent. Strategic line, a line joining strategic points.

Same as

In a

Strategically (stra-tej'ik-al-li), adv.
strategic manner.
Strategics (stra-tej'iks), n. pl. Same as
Strategy (which see).

Strategist (strat'e-jist), n. One skilled in
strategy.

Strategus (stra-te'gus), n. [Gr. strategos.
See STRATAGEM.]
An Athenian general
officer.

1. Properly, the
Strategy (strat'ē-ji), n.
science of combining and employing the
means which the different branches of the
art of war afford, for the purpose of forming
projects of operations, and of directing great
military movements; generalship. Strategy
may be defined as the art of moving troops
so as to be enabled either to dispense with
a battle, or to deliver one with the greatest
advantage and with the most decisive re-
sults. Tactics is the art of handling troops
when in actual contact with the enemy.-
2 The use of artifice, finesse, or stratagem
in carrying out any project.
Strath (strath), n. [Gael. srath; W. ystrad,
a valley or valley bottom.] In Scotland, a
valley of considerable size, often having a
river running through it and giving it its dis-
tinctive appellation; as, Strathspey, Strath-
don, Strathearn, &c.; Strathmore, or the
great valley.

Strathspey (strath-spa), n. 1. In Scotland, a species of dance in duple time, supposed to have been first practised in the district from which it received its name. It resembles the reel (which see), but moves slower. 2. A species of dance music used in this dance.

A

Stratification (strat'i-fi-ka"shon), n. [From
stratify.] 1. The process by which substances
in the earth have been formed into strata
or layers.-2. The state of being stratified;
the arrangement of substances in strata or
layers, one upon another, like the leaves of
a book; as, the stratification of rocks.
mass in which there is no stratification.'
Dr. Hutton-3. In physiol. the thickening
of a cell-wall by the deposition of successive
layers of thin membrane; also, the arrange-
ment of the layers so deposited.
Stratified (strat'i-fid), p. and a. Arranged
or disposed in layers or strata; as, stratified
rocks.

Stratiform (strat'i-form), a.

In the form

of strata: applied to rock masses, whether
aqueous or igneous, having more or less a
stratified appearance.

Stratify (strat'i-fi), v. t. pret. & pp. stratified;
ppr. stratifying. [Fr. stratifier-L. stratum,
and facio, to make. See STRATUM.] To form
into a layer or layers, as substances in the
earth; to lay or arrange in strata.
Stratigraphic, Stratigraphical (strat-i-
Of or relating
grafik, strat-i-graf'ik-al), a.
to strata or their arrangement; having re-
gard to the manner in which strata are dis-
posed in nature.
Stratigraphically (strat-i-graf'ik-al-li), adv.
g, go; j, job;

ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch;

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In a stratigraphical manner; as regards
stratigraphy or the disposition of strata.
Stratigraphy (stra-tigra-fi), n. [L. stratum,
a stratum, and Gr. grapho, to describe.] That
department of geology which treats of the
arrangement of strata, or the order in which
they succeed each other.
Stratiomidæ (strat-i-om'i-de), n. pl. [Gr.
stratios, warlike, myia, mya, a fly, and eidos,
resemblance.] A family of dipterous insects.
They are mostly small, but gaily coloured
insects, most numerous in moist situations,
while others live in decomposing matter or
in decayed wood. There are a considerable
number of British species. The larvæ of
Stratiomys chameleon are completely aqua-
tic.

Stratiotes (strat-i-o'tēz), n. [Gr. stratiotes,
a soldier, a kind of water plant, from strat-
ios, an army, from the long sword-like
leaves.] A genus of aquatic plants, nat. order
Hydrocharidacea. There is only one species
a native of Britain, the S. aloides or water-
soldier, which grows in lakes, pools, and
ditches. It is a singular plant, with nume-
rous sword-shaped leaves and white flowers,
from a compressed two-leaved spathe.
Stratocracy (stra-tok'ra-si), n. [Gr. stratos,
an army, and krateō, to hold.] A military
government; government by military chiefs
and an army.

Ever since the invasion of Kouli Khan, Indostan,
from being a well-regulated government, became a
scene of mere anarchy or stratocracy; every great
man protecting himself in his tyranny by his soldiers.
IV. Guthrie.

Stratographic, Stratographical (strat-o-
graf'ik, strat-o-graf'ik-al), a. Of or relating
to stratography.

Stratographically (strat-o-graf' ik-al-li),
adv. In a stratographic manner.
Stratography (stra-tog'ra-fi), n. [Gr. stratos,
an army, and grapho, to describe.] De-
scription of armies, or what belongs to an
army.

Stratometer (stra-tom'i-tér), n. An instru-
ment for determining in what manner geo-
logical strata press upon each other.
Stratonic (stra-ton'ik), a. [Gr. stratos, an
army.] Pertaining to an army. [Rare.]
Warlike; mili-
Stratotic (stra-tot'ik), a.
tary. [Rare.]
Stratum (stra'tum), n. pl. Strata (stra'ta).
[L., what is spread or stretched out, from
sterno, stratum, to strew (whence also street);
the root is that of E. to strew.] 1. In geol.
a layer of any deposited substance, as sand,
clay, limestone, &c., which is spread out
over a certain surface by the action of water,
or in some cases by wind, especially such a
layer when forming one of a number super-
posed. The deposition of successive layers
of sand and gravel in the bed of a river, or
in a canal, affords an illustration both of the
form and origin of strata. Geologists gene-
rally make a distinction between a stratum
and a bed, restricting the latter term to the
thicker kind of strata; others, however, use
Strata may be
the terms synonymously.
said to vary in thickness from a few inches
A single stratum again is
to several feet.
often seen to be made up of thinner layers,
called lamina. Strata are separated from
each other by seams or parallel planes,
and sometimes by joints or fissures, forming
some angle with the planes. When strata
do not lie horizontally but are inclined, they
are said to dip towards some point of the
compass, and the angle they make with the
horizon is called the angle of dip or inclina-
tion. The direction or strike of the strata
is indicated by a horizontal line at right
angles to the dip. When strata protrude
above the surface, or appear uncovered,
they are said to crop out. They are said to
be conformable when their planes are paral-
lel, whatever their dip may be; and uncon-
formable when a set of them are connected
with another, so that the planes of stratifi-
cation of the one series have a different di-
rection from that of the other series. On
examining the crust of the earth we find
that it consists chiefly of distinct strata of
different materials. These differ in depth
and extent, but they are found to follow
each other on the large scale, as masses in
an apparently regular and uniform succes-
sion, in all places, districts, and countries,
where they admit of examination, and have
been attentively studied. They appear in
most instances to rest upon, and are blended
with, invaded, and, in some few instances,
overflowed, as it were, by unstratified rocks.
See GEOLOGY.-2. A bed or layer artificially
made of some material.

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STRAWBERRY

[L., a strewing, a
Stratus (stra'tus), n.
covering, a coverlet. See STRATUM.] A
form of cloud. See under CLOUD.
Straucht, Straught (strącht), v. t. To make
straight; to stretch. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.]
Straughte,t pp. of strecche. Stretched.
Stravaig (stra-vag), v.i. [From 0. Fr. estra-
vaguer, It. stravagare, from L. extravagare
-extra, beyond, and vagor, to wander.] To
stroll; to wander; to go about idly. [Scotch.]
One who wan-
Stravaiger (stra-väger), n.

ders about idly; a stroller; a wanderer.
[Scotch.]

Straw (stra), n. [A. Sax, streaw, straw, hay,
a bed, from stem of streawian, streowian, to
strew; Icel. strá, Dan. straa, D. stroo, G.
stroh, straw, litter; cog. L. stramen, stramen-
tum, straw, litter, from sterno, stratum, to
strew. See STREW.] 1. The stalk or stem
of certain species of grain, pulse, &c., chiefly
of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, and
pease; as, the wheat is short in the straw;
or a piece of such a stem. When shepherds
pipe on oaten straws.' Shak. 'Start at
wagging of a straw.' Shak.-2. A mass of
the stalks of certain species of grain when
cut, and after being thrashed; as, a bundle
or a load of straw. [In this sense the word
is used as a collective noun and does not
admit of a plural.]-3. Anything proverbially
worthless; the least possible thing.

I don't care a straw for Mrs. Botibol. Thackeray. -Man of straw, the figure of a man formed of a suit of old clothes stuffed with straw; hence, the mere resemblance of a man; an inefficient person; a person of little or no means or substance; an imaginary person: as, to fight with a man of straw.-In the straw, lying in, as a mother; in child-bed.Straw frequently forms the first element in compounds, many of which are self-explanatory; as straw-crowned, straw-roofed, strawstuffed, and the like.

Straw (stra), v.t. To spread or scatter,
See STREW and STROW.

He took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel Ex. xxxii. 20. drink of it.

Strawberry (stra'be-ri), n. [A. Sax. straw-
berie, streow-berie, strawberry, from its habit
of spreading or strewing itself along the
ground.] The English name of the fruit
and plant of the genus Fragaria, nat. order
Rosacea. It is remarkable for the manner
in which the receptacle, commonly called
the fruit, increases and becomes succulent;
the proper fruit being the small achenia
which it bears upon its surface. The species
are perennial plants, throwing out runners;
the leaves are trifoliate, each leaflet being
coarsely toothed. The receptacle is round,
and assumes a variety of colours, from a
scarcely perceptible pink to a dark red.
All the species are natives of temperate or
cold climates, and are found in Europe,
America, and the mountains of Asia. The
following species afford the varieties of
cultivated strawberries: (1) Wood straw-
berry (F. vesca), found wild in woods and
on hillsides throughout Europe, and abun-
dant in Great Britain. Of this species
there are several varieties cultivated in gar-
dens, as the red, the white, the American,
and Danish Alpine strawberries; the red

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w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY.

STRAWBERRY-BLITE

North America. It is the parent of a great number of sorts known in gardens, most of which are much prized, as the black, brown, and common hautbois, the globe, the large flat hautbois, the long-fruited muscatella, and Sir Joseph Banks. (4) Virginian strawberry (F. virginiana or caroliniana), a native of Virginia. To this species belongs the great list of sorts cultivated in gardens, and known by the name of scarlet and black strawberries. The various kinds of scarlet, globe, cone, and some pine strawberries, are produced from this species. (5) Largeflowered strawberry (F. grandiflora) is supposed to be a native of Surinam, and to have furnished our gardens with the sorts called pine strawberries. (6) Chili strawberry (F. chilensis), a native of Chili and Peru, and the parent of a number of mostly inferior strawberries. Strawberries are much valued for dessert, and are of very general use in confectionery.-Strawberry leaves (from the coronet of a duke being adorned with eight strawberry leaves), a symbolical expression for a dukedom.

The king invested the fortunate husband with the strawberry leaves, and he might have twined them round a less worthy brow. Cornhill Mag. Strawberry-blite (stra'be-ri-blit), n. BLITUM.

See

Strawberry-bush (stra'be-ri-bush), n. A low, upright or straggling American shrub of the genus Euonymus (E. americanus), allied to the burning bush, having rough scarlet pods.

Strawberry-pear (stra'be-ri-par), n. A plant of the genus Cereus, the C. triangu laris, nat. order Cactaceae, which grows in

Strawberry-pear (Cereus triangularis). the West India Islands. It bears the best flavoured fruit of any of the order. It is sweetish, slightly acid, pleasant, and cooling.

Strawberry-tomato (stra'be-ri-to-ma-to), n. The name of a plant of the genus Physalis (P. Alkekengi), nat. order Solanaceae, known also as Winter-cherry, cultivated for its fruit, which is of a bright red colour, of the size of a small cherry, and makes a delicate sweetmeat. Strawberry-tree (stra'be-ri-trē), n. evergreen tree of the genus Arbutus, the 4. Unedo, a native of the south of Europe, and found in a wild state near Killarney in Ireland; the fruit is of a fleshy substance, like a strawberry, and is edible, though not agreeable. In Spain both a sugar and spirit are extracted from it.

An

Straw-board (stra'bord), n. Thick paperboard made altogether or principally from straw, and used in bookbinding, buttonmaking, paper-box manufacture, &c. Straw-bonnet (stra'bon-net), n. A bonnet for females, made of plaited straw. Straw-braid (stra'brad), n. Same as Strawplait.

Straw-built (stra'bilt), a. Built or constructed of straw. The suburb of their straw-built citadel.' Milton. Straw-colour (stra'kul-ér), n. The colour of dry straw; a beautiful yellowish colour. Straw-colour, Straw-coloured (stra'kulér, stra'kul-érd), a. Of a light yellow, the colour of dry straw. Your straw-colour beard.' Shak.

Straw-cutter (stra'kut-ér), n. An instrument to cut straw for fodder or for other purposes.

Straw-drain (stra'drán), n. A drain filled

with straw.

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Straw hat (stra'hat), n. A hat made of plaited straw. Straw-house (stra'hous), n. A house for holding straw after the grain has been thrashed out.

Straw-paper (stra'pa-pèr), n. Paper made either wholly or principally from straw. Straw-plait, Straw-plat (stra'plat, stra'plat), n. A plait or braid formed of straws, generally wheat or rye, plaited together, from inch to 1 inch broad. Such plaits when sewed together, according to fancy or fashion, form different descriptions of ladies'

bonnets or men's hats. There are various kinds of plait in general use, some of which are composed of entire straws and others of split straws. The finest plait is made in the neighbourhood of Leghorn, and the Dunstable manufactures in Bedfordshire are also of a fine quality.

Straw-rope (stra'rop), n. A rope made of
straw twisted, and used to secure the thatch
of corn ricks and stacks, and also the thatch
of the poorer description of cottages.
Straw-worm (stra'wérm), n. A worm bred
in straw; the caddis-worm.
Strawy (stra'i), a. Pertaining to, made of,
or like straw; consisting of straw; resembling
straw.

There the strawy Greeks, ripe for his edge,
Fall down before him like a mower's swath.
Shak.

Stray (stra), v.i. [0. Fr. estrayer, estraier, Pr. estradier, to wander, to ramble; from O. Fr. estrée, Pr. estrada, It. strada, a road or street; from L. L. strata, a street. (See STREET.) Or the word may be derived directly from L. extra. See STRAY, n.] 1. To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate or go out of the way or from the proper limits; to go astray; as, a sheep strays from the flock; a horse strays from an inclosure.

Indeed, a sheep doth very often stray, An if the shepherd be a while away. Shak. 2. Fig. to wander from the path of duty or rectitude; to err; to deviate; as, to pardon one who strays. Win straying souls with modesty.' Shak.-3. To move about at large, or without settled purpose or direction; to roam; to rove.

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Lo, the glad gales o'er all her beauties stray,
Breathe on her lips and in her bosom play. Pope.
Yea, but here

Thy feet have strayed in after hours
With thy lost friend among the bowers.
Tennyson.

4. To run in a serpentine course; to wind.
My eye, descending from the hill, surveys
Where Thames among the wanton valleys strays.
Denham.

SYN. To deviate, wander, err, swerve, rove, roam, ramble, wind.

Stray (stra), v.t. To cause to stray; to mislead; to seduce. Shak.

Stray (stra), a. Having gone astray; strayed; wandering; straggling; as, a stray sheep or bullock. Picking off stray fellows on shore with a main-deck thirty-two.' Hannay. Stray (stra), n. [0. Fr. estrayer, a waif, a stray, a chattel or beast unowned, from estrayer, to stray. Or according to Wedgwood, from L. extra, without, through L.L. extrarius, a stray beast, a stranger.] 1. Any domestic animal that has left an inclosure or its proper place and company, and wanders at large or is lost; an estray. 'Impounded as a stray the King of Scots.' Shak. Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a Dryden. stray.

2. The act of wandering. [Rare.]

I would not from your love make such a stray, Shak. To match you where I hate. Strayer (stra'êr), n. One who strays; a wanderer.

Stre, n. Straw. Chaucer.

Streak (strek), n. [A. Sax. strica, a line, a stroke; Icel. stryk, a stroke with a pen; Dan. streg, L.G. and D. streek, a stroke, a streak, a line; from stem of strike.] 1. A line or long mark of a different colour from the ground; a stripe. 'Chequering the eastern clouds with streaks of light.' Shak.

What mean those colour'd streaks in heaven?
Milton.

2. Naut. same as Strake.-3. In mineral. the colour and appearance of a mineral which arises from its being scratched.-4.t The rung of a ladder. Putting a streak in your ladder, when you was on the last step of it.' Cumberland.

Streak (strek), v. t. [See the noun.] To form streaks or stripes in; to stripe; to variegate with lines of a different colour or of different colours. 'A mule admirably streaked and dappled with white and black.' Sandys.

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Stream (strēm), n. [A. Sax. stream, a stream, a river; D. stroom, Icel. straumr, Dan. and Sw. ström, G. strom; probably from root of strew, though some take it from root seen in Skr. sru, to flow, in which case the t would be non-radical; comp. Ir. sreamh, a stream, a rill, a spring.] 1. Any river, brook, rivulet, or course of running water; as, a country which has numerous streams, large and small.

He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers. Ps. lxxviii. 16. 2. A flow of any fluid or liquid substance, as of blood, melted metal, &c.; a gush; an outflow; also, a steady flow of air or gas. 'Like two streams of incense free.' Tennyson.3. A steady current in the sea or in a river; especially, the middle or most rapid part of a tide or current; as, to float with the stream; the Gulf Stream.-4. An issuing in beams or rays; steady flow of light; as, a stream of light.-5. Anything issuing from a source and moving with a continued succession of parts; as, a stream of words; a stream of sand. A stream of beneficence.' Atterbury. 6. A continued current or course; the course or current of affairs or events; current; drift. "The very stream of his life.' Shak. 'Which way the stream of time doth run." Shak.-7. A multitude or number of individuals moving uniformly forward without interval; as, a stream of people.

Stream (strém), v.i. 1. To flow in a stream; to move or run in a continuous current. Within those banks where rivers now stream.' Milton.

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Pope.

From op'ning skies may streaming glories shine. 5. To stretch in a long line; to hang or float at full length. Standards and gonfalons

stream in the air.' Milton. All her bright hair streaming down.' Tennyson. Stream (strēm), v. t. 1. To send forth in a current or stream; to cause to flow; to pour. 'As fast as they stream forth thy blood." Shak. 2. To mark with colours or embroidery in long tracts.

The herald's mantle is streamed with gold. Bacon. -To stream a buoy, to let it drop into the water previously to casting anchor. Stream-anchor (strem'ang-kér), n. Naut. an anchor of a size intermediate between the small bower-anchor and the kedge. It is used for warping and like purposes. Stream-cable. See CABLE. Streamer (strēm'èr), n. 1. A long narrow flag; a pennon extended or flowing in the wind. Brave Rupert from afar appears, Whose waving streamers the glad general knows. Dryden. 2. A stream or column of light shooting upward from the horizon, as in some forms of the aurora borealis. 'Shot like a streamer of the northern morn.' Tennyson. And red and bright the streamers light Were dancing in the glowing north. Sir W. Scott. 3. In mining, a person who works in search of stream-tin.

Streamful (strem'ful), a. Full of streams or of water. The streamful tide.' Dray

ton.

Stream-ice (strēm'is), n. A collection of pieces of drift or bay ice joining each other in a ridge, following in the line of current. Streaming (strém'ing), n. In tin mining, the management of a stream-work or of stream-tin during the process of refinement.

STREAMLET

Streamlet (strēm ́let), n. A small stream; a rivulet; a rill. Unnumber'd glittering

streamlets.' Thomson

Stream-measurer (strēm'mezh-ûr-ér), n. An instrument for measuring the velocity of a stream of water at different depths. Stream-tin (strēm'tin), n. In mining, tin ore or native oxide of tin, found beneath the surface of alluvial ground, in rounded particles and masses, mixed with other alluvial matters. It is separated from the earthy matters by passing a stream of water over it: hence the name. Stream-work (strem'wêrk), n. An establishment where tin ore is worked in the open air by means of a stream of water. Streamwort (strēm'wert), n. A name sometimes given to plants of the order Haloragaceæ.

Streamy (strēm'î), a. 1. Abounding with running water.

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2 Having the form of a stream or beam of light.

His nodding helm emits a streamy ray. Pope. Strecche,tv.t. or i. To stretch. Chaucer. Streek, Streik (strēk), v.t. To stretch; to lay out, as a dead body. See STREAK. Streel (strēl), v.i. [A. Sax. stræl, tapestry, straw laid down; from stem of strew.] To trail; to drag; to stream. 'A yellow satin train that streeled after her like the tail of a comet. Thackeray. [Rare.] Street (strēt), n. [A. Sax. stræt, strete, a street, from L. strata (via), a paved way, from sterno, stratum, to spread out, to strew, to pave. (See STRATUM, STREW.) This is one of six words recognized as inherited directly from the Roman invaders, the others being ceaster (Chester), coln (Lincoln), foss, port, and wall.] 1. A highway or road. Coverdale.-2. A way or road in a city having houses on one or both sides, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a lane or alley; the houses as well as the open way; as, a well-built street; a handsome

street.

O, how it yearn'd my heart when I beheld In London streets that coronation day. Shak. Street-arab (strēt'ar-ab), n. See ARAB, 2. Streetcar (strēt kär), n. A tramway-car which runs in a city or town. Street-door (strēt dōr), n. The door of a house or other building which opens upon a street.

Street-orderly (strēt'or-dér-li), n. One who cleans the streets; a scavenger. Street-sweeper (strēt'swep-ér), n. One who or that which sweeps the streets; specifically, a machine provided with long brushes and scrapers, and drawn by horses, for removing dust, mud, &c., from the streets. Street-walker (strēt'wak-ėr), n. 1. A commou prostitute: from her walking the streets at night.-2 An idler.

The

Street - walking (strēt'wak-ing), n. practice of a street-walker; public prostitution.

Street-ward (strēt'ward), n. Formerly, an officer who had the care of the streets. Streetward (strēt'wérd), a. Adjoining the street; looking out on the street. 'Their little streetward sitting-room.' Tennyson, Streetway (strēt'wa), n. The open space

of a street.

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Strelitz (strel'its), n. [Rus. stricliétz, an archer, a shooter, strield, an arrow.] A soldier of the ancient Muscovite guards, abolished by Peter the Great. Strelitzia (stre-litʼzi-a), n. [Named by Aiton in honour of the queen of George III., from the house of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.] A genus of plants, nat. order Musaceæ, growing in Cape Colony, having rigid glaucous leaves, and singularly irregular and gorgeous flowers of a yellow, blue, or white colour. Streme (strēm), v.i. To stream; to flow. Chancer.

Streme, n A stream; a ray of the sun. Chaucer.

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Stremma (strem'ma), n. [Gr., a twist, a wrench, a strain, from strepho, to twist, to turn] In pathol. a strain or sprain of the parts about a joint.

Strenet (stren), n. [O.E. stren, strend, A. Sax. strýnd, stock, race, generation, tribe, strýnan, streônan, to beget, procreate, breed.] 1. Race; offspring. 2. Descent; lineage. Spenser. See STRAIN. Strengest, a. superl. Strongest. Chaucer. Strength (strength), n. [A. Sax. strengthu, strength, from strang, strong; comp. length and long. See STRONG.] 1. That property, attribute, or quality of an animal body by which it is enabled to move itself or other bodies. The strength of animals is the muscular force or energy which they are capable of exerting; as, not to have strength enough to lift the arm or to walk. In order to compare the effects produced by different animals, or the same animal under diferent circumstances, it is usual to estimate the force required to raise or transport 1 lb. through 1 foot of space in 1 minute of time, which force is called the dynamic unit. Hence, if an animal, as a horse, for example, is capable of raising 33,000 lbs. 1 foot high in a minute, he must exert a force 33,000 times greater than that required to raise 1 lb. through the same space in the same time. Of the different modes of estimating human strength the most practically useful is the observation of the average effect produced daily by a labourer who continues his exertions for a number of successive days, as in transporting materials in a wheel-barrow, carrying or dragging a load, working a pump, turning a winch, rowing a boat, &c.-2. The quality of bodies by which they sustain the application of force without breaking or yielding; solidity or toughness; as, the strength of a bone; the strength of a beam; the strength of a wall; the strength of a rope. The conditions which determine the strength of solid bodies, and their power to resist forces tending to produce fracture, are found by experiment. A force acting on solid bodies may tend to separate its parts in different ways. Thus a body may be torn asunder by a stretching or tensile force or direct pull applied in the direction of its fibres, as in the case of ropes, &c.; or it may be broken across by a transverse strain, crushed by a pressure exerted in the direction of its length, twisted, shorn across, &c.-3. Power or vigour of any kind; ability to do or bear; capacity for exertion, whether physical, intellectual, or moral; as, strength of mind, memory, or judgment; strength of evidence, argument, or persuasion; strength of feeling, affection, and the like.

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5. One who or that which is regarded as embodying force, strength, or firmness; that on which confidence or reliance is placed; support; security. My only strength and stay. Milton.

God is our refuge and strength. Ps. xlvi. 1. 6. Force or power in expressing meaning by words; vigour of style; nervous diction; as, a writer of great strength. The strength consists in the full and forcible exhibition of ideas, by which a sensible or deep impression is made on the mind of a hearer or reader.

And praise the easy vigour of a line. Where Denham's strength and Waller's sweetness join. Fope. 7. Vividness; intensity: brightness; clearness; brilliance; as, strength of colour or light. His countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength. Rev. 1, 16.

8. Intensity or degree of the distinguishing or essential element or constituent; the quality of producing sensible effects on other bodies; potency: said of liquors and the like; as, the strength of wine or spirits; the strength of a potion or a poison; the strength of an acid. 9. That quality which tends to secure results; the effective power in an institution or what is established; legal or moral force; the quality of binding, influencing, or constraining; as, the strength of social or legal obligations; the strength of law; the strength of public opinion or custom.-10. Force as

STREPEROUS

measured or stated in figures; amount or numbers of any body, as of an army, fleet, or the like. Of what strength are they a-foot?' Shak. To descry the strength of the enemy. Shak.-11. Force proceeding from motion and proportioned to it; vehemence; impetuosity; as, the strength of a current of air or water.-12. Fortification; fortress; stronghold. Fenced in by certain strengths.' B. Jonson.

This inaccessible high strength, the seat
Of Deity supreme, us dispossessed,
He trusted to have seized.
Milton.

13. In the fine arts, boldness of conception or treatment. 'Caracci's strength, Correggio's softer line.' Pope. -On or upon the strength of, in reliance upon the value of; on the faith of; as, to do something on the strength of another's promise. The allies, after a successful summer, are too apt, upon the strength of it, to neglect preparation for the ensuing campaign.' Addison. -SYN. Force, power, robustness, toughness, stoutness, brawniness, lustiness, firmness, solidity, puissance, efficiency, energy, vehe

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(c) To make greater; to add intensity to. To strengthen that impatience.' Shak. (d) To cause to increase in power or security. Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, With powerful policy strengthen themselves. Shak. SYN. To invigorate, confirm, establish, fortify, animate, encourage, intensify, heighten. Strengthen (strength'en), v.i. To grow strong or stronger.

The young disease that must subdue at length. Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength. Pope.

Strengthener (strength'en-èr), n. One who or that which strengthens; one who or that which increases strength, physical or moral; specifically, in med. something which, taken into the system, increases vital energy and strength of action.

Strengthful (strength ful), a. Abounding in strength; strong. Marston. Strengthfulness (strength'ful-nes). n. The state or quality of being strengthful or strong; fulness of strength.

Strengthless (strength'les), a. Wanting strength, in any sense of the word; destitute of power, potency, efficacy,&c. Two strengthless doves. Shak. Liquor.. strengthless or insipid.' Boyle.

Strengthner (strength'n-êr), n. Same as Strengthener.

Strengthy (strength'i), a. Having strength;

strong.

Strenuity (stre-nū'i-ti),n. Same as Strenu

ousness.

Strenuous (stren'ū-us), a. [L. strenuus, vigorous, strenuous; allied to Gr. strēnēs, strong, hard, and perhaps to E. strong.] 1. Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; bold; earnest; valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous opposer of African slavery; a strenuous defender of his country. A man who was a strenuous royalist till after the battle of Naseby.' Macaulay.

This convention met with strenuous opposition in France. Hallam.

2. Necessitating vigour or energy; accompanied by labour or exertion.

Nations grown corrupt Love bondage more than liberty; Bondage with ease than strenuous liberty. Milton. Strenuously (stren'ū-us-li), adv. In a strenuous manner; with eager and pressing zeal; ardently; boldly; vigorously; actively. Strenuousness (stren'ù-us-nes), n. The state or quality of being strenuous; eagerness; earnestness; active zeal; ardour in pursuit of an object or in opposition to a

measure.

Strepe, v.t. To strip. Chaucer.

Strepent (strep'ent), a. [L. strepens, strepentis, ppr. of strepo, to make a noise.] Noisy; loud. The strepent horn.' Shenstone. [Rare.]

Streperous (strep'èr- us), a. [L. strepo 1 Loud: boisterous. 'A streperous eruption." Sir T. Browne. [Rare.]

STREPHON

Strephon (stre'fon), n. The name of a shepherd in Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia in love with a shepherdess named Chloe. Hence, sometimes applied as a generic epithet to a sentimental or languishing lover. 'Turn their attention away while Strephon and Chloe were billing and cooing.' Thackeray. Strepitoso (strep-i-to'so). [It., noisy.] In music, a term denoting that the part to which it is prefixed is to be performed in an impetuous and boisterous style. Strepsicere (strep'si-ser), n. A member of the Strepsicere.

Strepsicerez (strep-si-serẽ-ẽ), npl. [Gr. strepho, strepso, to twist, and keras, a horn.] A subdivision of the Bovidae or hollowhorned ruminants, characterized by horns generally subangular, with a more or less distinct ridge or keel on the front angle, and twisting in a direction contrary to those of the sheep. The genus Strepsiceros is the type. The species are Asiatic and African. Strepsiceros (strep-sis'ē-ros), n. [See above.] A genus of hollow-horned ruminants, the type of the subdivision Strepsicerea (which see). The S. koodoo or koodoo is the bestknown species. See KOODOO. Strepsipter (strep-sip'tèr), n. An insect of the order Strepsiptera. Strepsiptera (strep-sip'tèr-a), n. pl. [Gr. strepho, strepso, to twist, and pteron, a wing.] A small order of parasitic insects, having the front pair of wings in the form of twisted filaments, the posterior pair fan-shaped,

a

Strepsiptera.-a, Stylops Dalii. b, Do. magnified. c, Pseudelytra. d, Double antennæ.

whence the name Rhipiptera also given to the order. The females are apterous, and never leave the abdomen of the wasp or bee to which they are attached. Naturalists now very generally regard the Strepsiptera as an anomalous and degraded group of parasitic coleoptera.

Strepsipteran (strep-sip'tér-an), n. Same as Strepsipter.

Strepsipterous (strep-sip'tér-us), a. Of or belonging to the Strepsiptera.

Strepsirhina (strep-si-ri'na), n. pl. [Gr. strepho, strepsō, to twist, and rhis, rhinos, the nose.] A section of Quadrumana in Owen's system, characterized by the nostrils being curved or twisted, whilst the second digit of the hind limb has a claw. This section is often called Prosimiæ, and it includes several families, of which the aye-ayes, loris, and true lemurs are the most important. It is chiefly referrible to Madagascar as its geographical centre, but it spreads westwards into Africa and eastwards into the Indian Archipelago. In many works the Galeopithecus is also placed in this section. Streptospondylus (strep-to-spon'dil-us), n. [Gr. streptos, turned back or reversed, and spondylos, vertebra.] A fossil crocodilian reptile the vertebræ of which have a ball-andsocket articulation in a position the reverse of the ordinary type, whence the name. occurs in the Wealden of Sussex and the Isle of Wight.

It

Stress (stres), n. [O. Fr. estrecer, estrecier, Mod. Fr. étrecir, to straiten, to narrow, from a hypothetical L. L. form strictiare, from L. strictus, pp. of stringo,strictum, to draw tight, to compress. Distress is from the same verb, with prefix dis. (See also STRAIN.) In the sense of distress it is simply an abbrev. of that word.] 1. Constraining, urging, or impelling force; constraining power or influence; pressure; urgency; violence. stress of weather driven.' Dryden.

'By

Shall they, who by the stress of grinding toil
Wrest from the unwilling earth his luxuries,
Perish for crime?
Shelley.

2. Effort or exertion made; strain.
Though the faculties of the mind are improved by
exercise, yet they must not be put to a stress beyond
their strength.
Locke.

3. Weight, importance, or influence, imputed or ascribed; important part. This, on which the great stress of the business depends. Locke.

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Consider how great a stress he laid upon this duty and how earnestly he recommended it. Atterbury.

4. In mech. force exerted in any direction or manner between contiguous bodies or parts of bodies, and taking specific names according to its direction or mode of action; as, (a) tensile stress, tending to draw or pull the parts of a body asunder; (b) compressive stress, tending to crush a body; (c) transverse or lateral stress, tending to bend it and break it across, the force being applied laterally, and acting with leverage; (d) torsional stress, tending to twist it asunder, the force acting with leverage; and (e) shearing stress, tending to cut it through.-5. Accent; emphasis; as, the stress on a particular syllable or word.-6.† Distress. 'Sad herself of his heavy stress. Spenser.-7. In Scots law, (a) the act of distraining; distress. (b) An ancient mode of taking up indictments for circuit courts.

Stress (stres), v.t. 1. To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties. 'If the magistrate be so stressed that he cannot protect those that are pious and peaceable.' Waterhouse. [Rare.]-2. To subject to stress or force. 'Those portions of ice which are most stressed.' Prof. Everett.

Stretch (strech), v. t. [O. E. strecche, a softened form of old streke, Sc. or Northern E. streek, streik, A. Sax. streccan, D. strekken, G. strecken, Dan. sträkke, to draw straight, to stretch. Straight is a derivative, and strake, streak, strike, stroke, string, strong are more or less closely connected, as is L. stringo, to draw tight.] 1. To draw out; to extend in length; as, to stretch a cord or rope between two points; often to draw tight; to make tense.-2. To extend in any direction; to spread; to expand; as, to stretch cloth; to stretch the wings; to stretch one's self. What more likely to stretch forth the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, than infinite power? Abp. Tillotson. 3. To reach out; to put forth; to hold out. Stretch thine hand unto the poor. Ecclus. vii. 32. 4. To strain by the exercise of force; to apply stress or effort to; to extend or distend forcibly. (Groans) did stretch his leathern coat almost to bursting.' Shak. 'Stretch thy chest.' Shak.

The ox hath stretched his yoke in vain. Shak. 5. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to stretch one's credit. They take up, one day, the most violent and stretched prerogative. Burke.

-To stretch a point. Same as To strain a point. (See under STRAIN, v.t.) Sir W. Scott.

Stretch (strech), v. i. 1. To extend; to reach; to be continuous over a distance; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both; to spread; as, a line that stretches between two points; a lake stretches over a hundred miles. 2. To be extended or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic substances; to attain greater length.

The inner membrane. . . because it would stretch and yield, remained unbroken. Boyle.

3. To sally beyond the truth; to exaggerate; as, a man who is apt to stretch has less credit than others. [Colloq.]

What an allay do we find to the credit of the most probable event, that is reported by one who uses to stretch) Dr. H. More.

4. Naut. to sail under a great spread of canvas. In this it differs from stand, which implies no press of sail; as, we were standing to the east when we saw a ship stretching to the southward.-5. To make violent efforts in running.-To stretch out, to give a long pull in rowing. Dickens. --Stretch out! an order to a boat's crew to pull strong. Stretch (strech), n. 1. The act of stretching or the state of being stretched; reach; effort; struggle; strain. A great and sudden stretch or contortion.' Ray. Often in the phrase on or upon the stretch.

Those put lawful authority upon the stretch to the abuse of power, under colour of prerogative. Sir R. L'Estrange. I had to watch signals all the way, one every two miles, so that me and my stoker were on the stretch all the time, doing two things at once-attending to Dickens. the engine and looking out." Similarly at or on a stretch, at one effort; at one time. Could not entertain the child long on a stretch.' Lord Lytton.-2. The extent to which anything may be stretched; hence, the utmost extent or reach of meaning, power, or the like. The utmost stretch that nature can.' Granville.

At all their stretch her little wings she spread.
Dryden.

STRIA

Quotations in their utmost stretch can signify no more than that Luther lay under severe agonies of mind. Atterbury.

3. A continued surface; an extended portion; as, a great stretch of grassy land; a stretch of mountainous country.-4. Naut. the reach or extent of progress on one tack; a tack.-5. Course; direction; as, the stretch of seams of coal.

Stretcher (strech'èr), n. 1. One who or that which stretches or expands; specifically, (a) an instrument for expanding gloves. (b) An expanding last for distending boots or shoes. (c) A frame for expanding a canvas for painting. (d) One of the rods in an umbrella attached at one end to one of the ribs, and at the other to the tube sliding upon the handle. 2. In masonry, a brick or stone laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall. It is thus distinguished from a header, which is laid lengthwise across the thickness of the wall, so that its small head or end is seen in the external face of the wall.-3. In carp. a tie-timber in a frame.-4. Naut. a narrow piece of plank placed across a boat for the rowers to set their feet against; also, a cross piece placed between a boat's sides to keep them apart when hoisted up and griped.-5. A flat board on which corpses are stretched or laid out previously to coffining.-6. A litter or frame for carrying sick, wounded, or dead persons; also, a wooden frame on which violent persons are strapped in order to transport them from one place to another.

The senseless body was lifted and carried into the nearest chemist's shop, and thence borne on a stretcher to the hospital.

Mrs. Riddell.

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Stretta (stret'tä), n. [It.] In music, a coda or final passage taken in quicker time than the preceding movements. Stretto (stret'to), n. [It., from L. strictus, narrow, strait, from stringo, to draw tight.] In music, the special passage in a figure in which the whole of the parts, or as many as possible, take up the subject at as short an interval of time as possible. Stretto (stret'to), a. In music, a term which signifies that the movement to which it is prefixed is to be performed in a quick, concise manner: opposed to largo. Strew (stro or stro), v.t. pret. strewed; pp. strewed or strewn; ppr. strewing. [A. Sax. streôwian, stredwian, strewian, to strew, to scatter; Goth. straujan, D. strooijen, G. streuen, Icel. strá, Dan. & Sw. stro; same root as straw, star, and also as L. sterno, stratum (whence E. stratum), Gr. strónymi, Skr. stri, to spread out, to strew. This verb is also written strow or straw, but the last form is obsolete.] 1. To scatter; to spread by scattering: always applied to dry substances separable into parts or particles; as, to strew seed in beds; to strew sand on or over a floor; to strew flowers over a grave. 2. To cover by scattering or being scattered over. The snow which does the top of Pindus strew.' Spenser. Every stone that strews the ground.' Dickens-3. To scatter, cast, or throw loosely apart. And strew'd his mangled limbs about the field." Dryden.-4. To spread abroad; to give cur'I have strew'd it in the common rency to. ear. Shak. She may strew dangerous conjectures.' Shak. Strewing (stro'ing or strō'ing), n. 1. The act of scattering or spreading over. -2. Anything strewed or fit to be strewed.

The herbs that have on them the cold dew o' the night

Shak. Are strewings fitt'st for graves. Strewment (ströment), n. Anything scattered in decoration. Shak. Stria (stri'a), n. pl. Striæ (stri'ē). [L.] 1. A technical term for a slight superficial furrow or a fine thread-like line or streak seen on the surface of a shell, mineral, plant, or other object, longitudinal, transverse, or oblique. 2. In arch. a fillet between the channels or flutes of columns, pilasters, and the like. 3. In med. a large purple spot, like the mark produced by the stroke of a whip, appearing under the skin in certain malignant fevers.

STRIATE

Striate, Striated (stri'ät, strī'ât-ed), a. [L. striatus, pp. of strio, to streak, from stria, a streak.] 1. Marked with striæ; marked or scored with superficial or very slender lines; marked with fine parallel lines.-2. In the fine arts, disposed in ornamental lines, parallel or wavy.-3. Having a thread-like form. Ray-Striated fibre, in anat. the muscular fibre that ministers to the animal functions. See NON-STRIATED. Striate (stri'at), v. t. pret. & pp. striated; ppr. striating. To mark with striæ. Striated longitudinally.' Owen.

Striation (stri-a'shon), n. The state of being striated, or marked with fine parallel lines. Specifically, (a) in anat. and physiol. the grooved appearance of cell walls caused by the deposition of lamellæ or layers of dif ferent refractive powers on the inner side of the cell membrane. (b) In geol. the grooving or channelling of rock surface by masses of ice having stones frozen into their under surfaces passing over them. Striature (stri'at-úr), n. Disposition of strim; striation.

Stricht (strik), n. [L. strix, a screech-owl.] A bird of ill omen. Spenser. Stricken (strik'n), pp. of strike: generally used as an adjective. 1. Struck; smitten; as, the stricken deer. See STRIKE.

When I first saw her I was presently stricken (with love). Sir P. Sidney.

2. Advanced; worn; far gone.

Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in
Gen. xviii. 11.

age.

3. Whole; entire: said of an hour as marked by the striking of the clock.

He persevered for a stricken hour in such a torrent of unnecessary tattle. Sir W. Scott.

Strickle (strik'l), n.

[From strike.] 1. A strike; an instrument to strike grain to a level with the measure.-2. An instrument for whetting scythes.-3. An instrument used in moulding pipes.

Strickler, Strickless (strik'lêr, strik ́les), n.
A strickle or strike. [Local.]
Strict (strikt), a. [L. strictus, pp. of stringo,
to draw tight, compress; whence also strain,
stress.] 1. Strained; drawn close; tight.
"To strain her in a strict embrace. Dry-
den. With most strict ligature.' Arbuth
not.-2. Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict or
lax fibre. 3. Exact; accurate; careful;
rigorously nice. He observed strict silence.'
Macaulay.

And fall into deception unaware,
Not keeping striciest watch.

Milton.

4. Regulated by exact rules; observing exact rules; rigorous; severe; as, to be strict in observing the Sabbath. 'Fate inextricable or strict necessity.' Milton.

If a strict hand be kept over children from the be ginning, they will in that age be tractable. Locke. 5. Positive; definite as to terms; stringent; as, a strict injunction to do something.6. Rigidly interpreted; confined; limited; not with latitude; as, to understand words in a strict sense. -Strict settlement, in law, a settlement by which land is settled to the parent for life, and after his death to his

first and other sons in tail, trustees being interposed to preserve the contingent remainders.-SYN. Exact, accurate, nice, close, rigorous, severe, stringent. Strictly (strikt'li), adv.

In a strict manner; as, (a) exactly; with nice or rigorous accuracy. Not only water, strictly so called, but the whole mass of liquid bodies.' T. Burnet. (b) Positively; definitely. Charge him strictly not to proceed.' Dryden. (c) Rigorously; severely; without remission or indulgence.

Examine thyself strictly, whether thou didst not best at first. Bacon.

Strictness (strikt'nes), n. The state or quality of being strict; as, (a) exactness in the observance of rules, laws, rites, and the like; rigorous accuracy; nice regularity or precision.

I could not grant too much or distrust too little, to men that pretended singular piety and religious Gauden.

strictness.

(b) Rigour; severity; stringency.

These commissioners proceeded with such strict. mess and severity as did much obscure the king's mercy. Bacon.

Stricture (strik'tür), n. [Fr.; L. strictura, from stringo, strictum, to draw tight. See STRICT.] 1. Strictness. 'A man of stricture and firm abstinence.' Shak.-2. A stroke; a glance; a touch. Sir M. Hale.3. A touch of sharp criticism; critical re

225

mark; censure; as, to pass strictures on one's conduct.

Thus have I past through all your letter, and given myself the liberty of these strictures by way of reflection on all and every passage. Hammond.

4. In med. a morbid contraction of some mucous canal or duct of the body, as the œsophagus, intestines, urethra, vagina, &c. Strictured (strik'türd), a. Affected with stricture; as, a strictured duct. Stride (strid), v.i. pret. strode; pp. stridden; ppr. striding. [A. Sax. stridan, pret stråd, pp. striden, to stride, to walk, bestridan, to bestride; L.G. striden; comp. Dan. stritte, to straddle; also G. streiten, to contend.] 1. To walk with long steps. 'Hell trembled as he strode.' Milton.

Mars in the middle of the shining shield

Is grav'd, and strides along the field. Dryden. 2. To stand with the feet far apart; to straddle.

Stride (strid), v. t. 1. To pass over at a step; as, to stride a ditch.-2. To sit astride on; to bestride; to ride upon. 'Striding the

blast.'

Shak.

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2. The space measured by the legs far apart; the ground covered by a long step; hence, a short distance.

Betwixt them both was but a little stride,

That did the house of richesse from hell-mouth divide. Spenser. Strident (stri'dent), a. [L. stridens, stridentis, ppr. of strideo, to creak.] Creaking; harsh; grating.

Brava! brava! old Steyne's strident voice was heard roaring over all the rest. Thackeray. Stridor (stri'dor), n. [L. See STRIDENT.] A harsh creaking noise or a crack. Stridor dentium [L], grinding of the teeth; a common symptom during sleep in children affected with worms or other intestinal irritation. It occurs also in fevers as a symptom of irritation of the brain. Stridulate (strid'ù-lāt), v.i. [See STRIDULOUS.] To make a small, harsh, creaking noise, as some insects.

Stridulation (strid-u-la'shon), n. The act of making a small, harsh, creaking noise; specifically, the power possessed by certain male insects of producing a shrill grating noise by friction between a serrated part of the body and a hard part, with the view of attracting the females.

Stridulator (strid'ū-lā-tor), n. That which stridulates or makes a harsh creaking noise. Darwin.

Stridulatory (strid'ū-la-to-ri), a. Harsh and creaking; stridulous. Darwin.

Stridulous (strid'ú-lus), a. [L. stridulus, from strideo, to creak, to rattle.] Making a small harsh sound or a creaking; having a thin squeaky sound.

A thin thread of water trickling through a leaden tube yields a stridulous and plaintive sound compared with the full volume of sound corresponding to the full volume of water. De Quincey.

Strife (strif), n. [O.E. stryf, striif, strife, trouble, apparently the direct descendant of A. Sax. strith, strife, contest, Icel. strith, affliction, calamity, war, strife, the th being changed to ƒ by the influence of strive, O. Fr. estriver, to strive, estrif, strife, which itself, however, is probably from the Icelandic or Norse. See STRIVE, and also STIFF for similar interchange of sounds.] 1. The act of striving or doing one's best; earnest attempt or endeavour. With strife to please you. Shak.-2. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts; emulation. 'Weep with equal strife who should weep Shak.

most.

Thus gods contended, noble strife, Who most should ease the wants of life. Congreve. 3. Contention in anger or enmity; discord; contest; combat; quarrel or war.

Twenty of them fought in this black strife. Shak. These vows thus granted, raised a strife above, Betwixt the god of war and queen of love. Dryden. 4. Opposition: contrariety; contrast. Shak. 5. That which is contended against; occasion of contest. Spenser. Strifeful (strif'ful), a. Full of strife; contentious; discordant.

Spenser. The ape was strifeful, and ambitious. Striga (strï'ga), n. pl. Strigæ (strī′jē). [L] 1. In bot. a straight, hair-like scale, consti

STRIKE

tuting a species of pubescence in plants. 2. In arch. the fluting of a column. Strigidæ (strij'i-de), n. pl. [Gr. strix, strigos, an owl, and eidos, likeness.] A family of nocturnal birds of prey, comprehending the owls.

Strigil (strij'il), n. [L. strigilis, a strigil, from stringo, to draw tight, to graze, to scrape.] An instrument of metal, ivory, or horn, used by the ancients for scraping the skin at the bath.

Strigilose (strij'il-ōs), a. [Dim. of strigose.] In bot. set with stiff, slender bristles. Strigmentt (strig'ment), n. [L. strigmentum, from stringo, to draw tight, to graze.] Scraping; that which is scraped off. "The strigments and sudoriferous adhesions from men's hands.' Sir T. Browne. Strigocephalus (stri-go-sef'al-us), n. [Gr. strix, strigos, an owl, and kephale, the head. ] A genus of fossil brachiopoda, from the Devonian strata of Plymouth, the Eifel, &c. Strigops (stri'gops), n. [Gr. strix, strigos, an owl, and ops, the eye, countenance.] A curious genus of birds of the parrot family, so called from its having some resemblance to an owl. One species (S. habroptylus), called the kakapo, is known, of a greenish and mottled hue. It is a native of New Zealand. See KAKAPO.

Strigose, Strigous (stri'gōs, stri'gus), a. In bot. having striga; hispid; a strigous leaf is one set with stiff lanceolate bristles.

Strike (strik), v.t. pret. struck; pp. struck, stricken (but the latter is now commonly an adjective); ppr. striking. Strook, an old past participle, is wholly obsolete, as also strucken in English, though in common use in Scotland. [The literal meaning is to draw a stroke or streak upon; A. Sax. strica, a stroke or line, a prick; strican, to go rapidly in a straight course; ástrican, to strike, to smite; D. strijken, to sweep, to rub, to spread over, to stroke; G.streichen, Icel. strykja, to stroke, to flog. See also STRETCH, STRIP.] 1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an instrument; to smite; to give a blow to, as with the hand, a stick, a whip, a ball, or an arrow; as, an arrow struck the shield; a ball strikes a ship between wind and water. Often with down, off, up, &c. See phrases below. Similarly to strike a person dead, to kill him with a blow or blows.

The servants did strike him with the palms of their
hands.
Mark xiv. 65.
He at Philippi kept

His sword e'en like a dancer, while I struck
The lean and wrinkled Cassius.
Shak.

2. To give, deal, or inflict: with blow or similar word as object. 'Him that struck more blows for Rome.' Shak.

Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. Byron.

3. To dash; to knock; to throw with a quick motion: with the instrument as object; as, to strike one's foot against a stone. Struck his hand upon his breast.' Shak.

They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts. Ex. xii. 7.

4. To produce by a blow or blows; as, to strike fire; to strike a light.-5. To stamp with a stroke; to impress; hence, to mint; to coin; as, to strike coin at the mint; to strike sovereigns.

This is given as the reason for not striking silver
Brougham.

money.

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8. To make to disappear; to erase; to efface; to blot: with out, away, &c.; as, to strike out an item in an account.

That thou didst love her, strikes some scores away From the great compt. Shak.

9. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; as, a tree strikes its root deep.-10. To punish; to afflict: as smite is also used.

To punish the just is not good, nor to strike princes for equity. Prov. xvii. 26.

11. To cause to sound; to notify by sound; as, the clock strikes twelve; hence, to begin to beat, as a drum; to begin to sing or play, as a song or tune: often with up. 'Strike up the drums.' Shak. Strike a free march to Troy.' Shak.

That heaven and earth may strike their sounds to-
gether
Applauding our approach.
Shak.

ch, chain: ch, Sc. loch; g. go; j, job;

n, Fr. ton; ng, sing;

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