SURVEYING

The act of determining the boundaries and area of a portion of the earth's surface by means of measurements taken on the spot; the art of determining the form, area, surface contour, &c., of any portion of the earth's surface, and delineating the same on a map or plan. -Land surveying, where the object to be attained is the determination of the area,

Surveying (ser-vā'ing), n.

shape, &c., of a tract of land, usually of no very great extent.-Marine or hydrographical surveying consists in determining the forms of coasts and harbours, the positions and distances of objects on the shore, of islands, rocks, and shoals, the entrances of rivers, the depth of water, nature of the bottom, &c.-Military surveying. See RECONNAISSANCE.-Mining surveying may be either for the purpose of determining the situation and position of the shafts, galleries, and underground excavations of a mine already in existence; or for determining the proper positions for the shafts, galleries, &c., of a mine yet to be opened.Plane surveying, where no account is taken of the curvature of the earth, in opposition to geodetic surveying.-Railway surveying, where the object is to ascertain the best line of communication, whether by railways, common roads, or canals, between two given points; it also includes all surveys for the construction of aqueducts for supplying water to towns, &c.-Topographical surveying, the determination not only of the directions and lengths of the principal lines of a tract to be surveyed, but also of the undulations of the surface, the directions and locations of its water-courses, and all the accidents, whether natural or artificial, that distinguish it from the level plain.-Those extensive operations which have for their object the determination of the latitude and longitude of places, and the length of terrestrial arcs in different latitudes, also fall under the general term surveying, though they are frequently called trigonometrical surveys, or geodetic operations, and the science itself geodesy.

Surveyor (sér-valer), n. 1. An overseer; one placed to superintend others. Shak.-2. One that views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of roads and bridges; a surveyor of shipping; surveyors of ordnance.-3. One who measures land, or practises the art of surveying. Surveyor-general (ser-vä'ĕr-jen”èr-al), n. 1. A principal surveyor; as, the surveyorgeneral of the king's manors, or of woods and parks in England.-2. The chief surveyor of lands; as, the surveyor-general of the United States, or of a particular state. [United States.]

Surveyorship (ser-vä'èr-ship), n. The office of a surveyor.

Surviewt (ser-vu), v. t. To survey. Spenser. Surviewt (ser'vu), n. Survey. Surviset (ser-viz), v.t. [Fr. sur=L. super, over, above, and viser, to look.] To look over; to supervise. B. Jonson. Survival (sér-viv'al), n. [See SURVIVE.] 1. The act of surviving or outliving; a living beyond the life of another person; the outliving of any thing or event.-2. In archool. any habit, usage, or belief remaining from ancient times whose origin is often unknown or imperfectly known; the continued existence of some custom, or the like, which has lost the special significance and importance that formerly belonged to it; thus the habit of wearing finger-rings may be said to be a survival from less civilized times; so the bonfires still kindled at certain times in some parts are a survival from sun or fire worship.-Survival of the fittest. See Natural Selection under SELECTION. Survivance, Survivancy (ser-viv'ans, sérviv'an-si), n. Survivorship. Burnet. [Rare.] Survive (ser-viv'), v.t. pret. & pp. survived; ppr. surviving. [Fr. survivre, L. supervivo -super, over, beyond, and vivo, to live.] 1. To outlive; to live beyond the life of; as, the wife survives her husband, or a husband survives his wife.

I'll assure her of

Her widowhood, be it that she survive me,

In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak. 2. To outlive anything else; to live beyond any event; as, many men survive their usefulness or the regular exercise of their rea

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Yea, though I die, the scandal will survive. Shak. Try pleasure,

Which when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all the conquerors. Sir F. Denham. A surviving; Survivency (sér-viv'en-si), n. survivorship. [Rare.] Surviver (ser-viv'èr), n. One who survives or outlives; a survivor.

Surviving (sér-viv'ing), p. and a. Remaining alive; yet living; as, surviving friends or relatives.

Survivor (ser-viv'èr), n. 1. One who lives after the death of another, or after some event or time.

Death is what man should wish. But, oh! what fate Shall on thy wife, thy sad survivor, wait. Rowe.

The survivors might well apprehend that they had escaped the shot and the sword only to perish by famine. Macaulay.

2. In law, the longer liver of two joint tenants, or of any two persons who have a joint interest in anything.

Survivorship (sér-viv'er-ship), n. 1. The state of outliving another, or of living after some event or time; survival.

We are now going into the country together, with only one hope for making this life agreeable, sur vivorship. Steele.

2. In law, the right of a joint tenant or other person who has a joint interest in an estate to take the whole estate upon the death of the other. When there are more than two joint tenants the whole estate remains to the last survivor by right of survivorship. -Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of one age has of outliving a person of a different age. Thus, according to the Carlisle tables of mortality, the chance of survivorship for two persons aged twentyfive and sixty-five are eighty-nine and eleven respectively, or about eight to one that the younger will survive the older.

Surya (sör'ya), n. In Hindu myth. the god

of the sun.

Sus (sus), n. [L.] A genus of pachydermatous animals, which includes the domestic hog. See SUIDE.

Susceptibility (sus-sep'ti-bil"i-ti), n. 1. The state or quality of being susceptible; espe cially, the capability of receiving impressions or change, or of being influenced or affected; sensitiveness.-2. Capacity for feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility.

His character seems full of susceptibility; perhaps too much so for its natural vigour. His novels, accordingly... verge towards the sentimental.

Carlyle.

SYN. Capability, sensibility, feeling, emotion. Susceptible (sus-sep'ti-bl), a. [Fr. susceptible, from L. suscipio, susceptum-sus for subs, a form of sub, under, and capio, to take.] 1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; as, a body susceptible of colour or of alteration; a body susceptible of pain. It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of an eternal day.

Young.

2. Capable of emotional impression; readily impressed; impressible; sensitive. The jealousy of a vain and susceptible child.' Ld. Lytton.

Susceptibleness (sus-sep'ti-bl-nes), n. Susceptibility.

Susceptibly (sus-sep'ti-bli), adv. In a susceptible manner.

Susception † (sus-sep'shon), n. The act of taking.

They confessed their sins to John in the susception of baptism. Fer. Taylor. Susceptive (sus-sep'tiv), a. Capable of admitting; readily admitting; susceptible. 'The more susceptive of good impressions.' Barrow.

Susceptiveness (sus-sep'tiv-nes), n. Quality of being susceptive; susceptibility. Susceptivity (sus-sep-tiv'i-ti), n. Capacity of admitting; susceptibility.

Nor can we have any idea of matter, which does not imply a natural discerptibility, and susceptivity Wollaston. of various shapes and modifications. Susceptor (sus-sep'tor), n. [L] One who undertakes; a godfather. Dr. Puller. Suscipiency (sus-sip'i-en-si), n. Reception; admission.

Suscipient (sus-sip'i-ent), a. Receiving; admitting. Barrow.

Suscipient (sus-sip'i-ent), n. One who takes or admits; one that receives.

The sacraments and ceremonies of the Gospel operate not without the concurrent actions, and moral influences of the suscipient. Fer. Taylor. The Suscitability (sus'sit-a-bil'i-ti), n. state or quality of being readily roused, raised, or excited; excitability. B. Jonson.

SUSPECTEDLY

Suslik (Spermophilus citillus).

with white. It is found in Bohemia, and as far north as Siberia, and has a particular taste for flesh, not sparing even its own species. It is named also the earless marmot.

Suspect (sus-pekt), v.t. [L. suspicio, suspectum-sus for subs, a form of sub, under, and specio, to look, to look at. See SPECIES.] 1. To imagine to exist; to have a vague or slight opinion of the existence of, often on weak evidence or on no evidence at all; to mistrust.

I am surprised with an uncouth fear:

A chilling sweat o'erruns my trembling joints;
My heart suspects more than mine eyes can see.
Shak.

From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton. 2. To imagine to be guilty, but upon slight evidence or without proof; as, we often suspect a person who is innocent of the crime.

I do suspect thee very grievously. Shak. 3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust.

I cannot forbear a story which is so well attested, that I have no manner of reason to suspect the truth. Addison.

4. To respect; to esteem. Not suspecting the dignity of an ambassador, nor of his country.' North. [A Latinism.]-SYN. To mistrust, distrust, surmise, doubt. Suspect (sus-pekt), v.i. To imagine guilt, danger, or the like.

But, oh! what damned minutes tells he o'er Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strongly loves. Shak. Suspect (sus-pekt'), a. 1. Doubtful; uncertain. Glanville.-2. Suspected. Chaucer. What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton. 1.+ Suspicion. Suspect (sus-pekt'), n. And draw within the compass of suspect Th' unviolated honour of your wife.

Shak

2. † Something suspicious; something causing suspicion. And lastly that the novelty, though it be not rejected, yet be held for a suspect. Bacon.-3. A suspected person; one suspected of a crime, offence, or the like.

Whose case in no sort I do forejudge, being ignorant of the secrets of the cause, but take him as the law takes him, hitherto for a suspect.

Arth. Wilson. Suspecta (sus-pek'ta), n. pl. [L. pp. pl. neut. of suspicio, suspectum, to suspect.] One of the three sections into which the colubrine snakes are divided according as they are venomous or otherwise, the other two being Innocua and Venenosa. In this section there are canaliculated fangs placed in front of the superior maxilla with smaller solid teeth in front of them. The Suspecta comprise certain unimportant snakes, partly aquatic and partly terrestrial in their habits, and all belonging to the Old World. Suspectable (sus-pekt'a-bl), a. Liable to be suspected. [Rare.]

It is an old remark, that he who labours hard to clear himself of a crime he is not charged with, renders himself suspectable.

Quot. from newspaper by Nares. Suspectant, Spectant (sus-pekt'ant, spekt'ant), a. In her. looking upwards, the rose bendways. Suspectedly (sus-pekt'ed-li), adv. In a suspected manner; so as to excite suspicion; so as to be suspected. Jer. Taylor.

SUSPECTEDNESS

Suspectedness (sus-pekt'ed-nes), n. State of being suspected or doubted. Suspecter (sus-pekt'èr), n. One who suspects. A base suspecter of a virgin's honour. Beau. & Fl

Suspectful (sus-pekt'ful), a. 1. Apt to suspect or mistrust.-2. Exciting suspicion. "The dangerous and suspectful translations of the apostate Aquila. Milton. Suspection t (sus-pek'shon), n. Suspicion. Suspectless (sus-pekt'les), a. 1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. Eighty of them being assembled and suspectless of harm.' Sir T. Herbert.-2. Not suspected; not mistrusted.

Suspectless have I travelled all the town through, And in this merchant's shape won much acquaintance. Beau. & Fl Suspend (sus-pend'), v. t. [L. suspendo-sus, from subs, collateral form of sub, under, and pendo, to hang, to cause to hang down] 1. To canse to hang; to make to depend from anything; to hang; as, to suspend a ball by a thread; to suspend a body by a cord or by hooks.-2. To make to depend

on.

God hath ... suspended the promise of eternal life upon this condition, that without obedience and holiness of life no man shall ever see the Lord.

Tillotson.

3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding; to interrupt; to stay; to delay.

If it shall please you to suspend your indignation against my brother till you can derive from him better testimony of his intent, you shall run a certain course. Shak. The guard nor fights nor flies; their fate so near At once suspends their courage and their fear. Sir F. Denham. 4. To hold in a state undetermined; as, to suspend one's judgment or opinion.

A man may suspend his choice from being determined for or against the thing proposed, till he has examined whether it be really of a nature to make him happy or no. Locke.

5. To debar, usually for a time, from any privilege, from the execution of an office, or from the enjoyment of income.

Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood, for ceremonies which are acknowledged indifferent. B. Sanderson.

6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to suspend the Habeas Corpus Act.-Suspended animation, a temporary cessation of animation; especially, asphyxia.-Suspended cadence, in music, an interrupted cadence. See CADENCE.-Suspended note, in music, a note continued from one chord to another to which it does not properly belong, and to a proper interval of which it must eventually give way. See SUSPENSION. SYN. To hang, interrupt, intermit, stay, delay, hinder, debar. Suspend (sus-pend'), v.i. To cease from operation; to desist from active employment; specifically, to stop payment, or be unable to meet one's engagements. uspender (sus-pend'ér), n. 1. One that suspends.-2. One of the two straps worn for holding up trousers, &c.; one of a pair of braces.

Suspensation (sus-pen-sa'shon), n. A temporary cessation.

Suspense (sus-pens), n. [From L. suspensus, suspended. See SUSPEND.] 1. The state of having the mind or thoughts suspended; especially, a state of uncertainty, usually with more or less apprehension or anxiety; indetermination; indecision.

Suspense in news is torture, speak them out. Milton. Long and sharp was the suspense. Day after day the folks of Cloveruook would call to know the best or the worst. D. Ferrold.

2. Cessation for a time; stop. 'A cool suspense from pleasure or from pain.' Pope.3. In law, suspension; a temporary cessation of a man's right, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent.-Suspense account, in bookkeeping, an account in which sums received or disbursed are temporarily entered, until their proper place in the books is determined. Suspense (sus-pens), a. 1. Held or lifted up; suspended. The great light of day. suspense in heaven.' Milton.-2. Held in doubt or expectation.-3. Expressing or proceeding from suspense or doubt. 'Looks suspense. Milton.

Suspensibility (sus-pen'si-bil”i-ti), n. The capacity of being suspended or sustained from sinking; as, the suspensibility of indurated clay in water. Suspensible (sus-pen'si-bl), a. being suspended or held from sinking.

Capable of

272

Suspension (sus-pen'shon), n. [L. suspensio, suspensionis. See SUSPEND.] 1. The act of suspending, hanging up, or of causing to hang by being attached to something above. 2. The act of holding over, delaying, interrupting, ceasing, or stopping for a time; the state of being delayed, interrupted, &c.; as with reference (a) to labour, study, pain, and the like; as, a suspension of hostilities. (b) To decision, determination, and the like; as, to plead for a suspension of judgment or opinion until fresh evidence is brought forward. (c) To the payment of claims; as, the suspension of a bank or commercial house. (d) To punishment or sentence of punishment. (e) To the holding of office, power, prerogative, and the like; as, the suspension of an officer or of a clergyman. (To the action, operation, or execution of law, or the like; as, the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act.-3. In rhet. a keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations. -4. In law, the temporary stop of a man's right, as when a seignory, rent, or other profit out of land, by reason of the unity of possession of the seignory, rent, &c., and of the land out of which they issue, lies dormant for a time.-5. In Scots law, a process in the supreme civil or criminal court, by which execution or diligence on a sentence or decree is stayed until the judgment of the supreme court is obtained on the point.-6. In music, the holding or prolongation of a note or tone in any chord which follows, by which a discord is frequently produced. The first appearance of the note to be suspended is termed its preparation (a, in example); its

Suspension (1) from above; (2) from below. presence as a discord, its percussion (b); its removal to a note of concord or rest in key, or some legitimate sound of sequence, its resolution (c). Percussion usually occurs in the strong accent of a bar. When the suspension is from above, as at (1), a descent is necessary for its resolution; when from below, as at (2), the resolution is by ascent. 7. The state of solid bodies, the particles of which are held undissolved in a fluid and may be separated from it again by filtration. -Points of suspension, in mech. the points, as in the axis of a beam or balance, at which the weights act, or from which they are suspended.-Suspension bridge. See BRIDGE. -Suspension railway, a railway in which the body of the carriage is suspended from an elevated track or tracks on which the wheels run. - Suspension of arms, a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of the contending parties, as for burying the dead, making proposals for surrender or for peace, &c. -Suspension and interdict, in Scots law, a judicial remedy competent in the bill chamber of the Court of Session, where the object is to stop or interdict some act or to prevent some encroachment on property or possession, or in general to stay any unlawful proceeding. The remedy is applied for by a note of suspension and interdict. See INTERDICT. Pleas in suspension, in law, those pleas which show some matter of temporary incapacity to proceed with the action or suit.-SYN. Delay, interruption, intermission, stop, withholding.

Suspensive (sus-pens'iv), a. Tending to suspend or to keep in suspense; uncertain; doubtful. 'Psyche in suspensive thoughts awhile doth hover.' Beaumont.Suspensive conditions, in Scots law, conditions precedent, or conditions without the purification of which the contract cannot be completed.

Suspensor (sus-pens'or), n. Something which suspends; as, (a) in surg. a bag attached to a strap or belt, used to support the scrotum, as in hernia, &c. (b) In bot. a cellular cord by which the embryo of some plants is suspended from the foramen or opening of the seed. (c) The longitudinal ligament of the liver.

Suspensory (sus-pen'so-ri), a. 1. Suspended; hanging; depending. 2. That suspends; suspending; as, a suspensory muscle.

SUSSEX MARBLE

Suspensory (sus-pen'so-ri), n. See SUSPEN

SOR.

Suspicable † (sus'pi-ka-bl), a. [L. suspicabilis, from suspicor, to suspect. See SUSPECT.] That may be suspected; liable to suspicion. Suspicable principles and . . . extravagant objects.' Dr. H. More. Suspicion (sus-pi'shon), n. [L. suspicio, suspicionis. See SUSPECT.] 1. The act of suspecting; the feeling of one who suspects; the sentiment or passion which is excited by signs of evil, danger, or the like, without sufficient proof; the imagination of the existence of something, especially something wrong, without or with slight proof. Suspicion always haunts the guilty mind; The thief doth fear each bush an officer. Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by twilight. Bacon.

Shak

And oft, though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps
At wisdom's gate, and to simplicity
Resigns her charge, while goodness thinks no ill
Where no ill seems.
Milton.
Without the

2. Regard; consideration.
suspicion of expected reward.' Milton.-
SYN. Jealousy, distrust, mistrust, doubt,

fear.

Suspiciont (sus-pi'shon), v.t. To regard with suspicion; to suspect; to mistrust; to doubt. South.

Suspicious (sus-pish'us), a. [L. suspiciosus. See SUSPICION.] 1. Inclined to suspect; apt to imagine without proof.

Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious, and no man can love the person he suspects. South

2. Indicating suspicion or fear.

A wise man will find us to be rogues by our faces; we have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenSwift.

ance.

3. Liable to cause suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; as, an author of suspicious innovations; a person met under suspicious circumstances.

I spy a black, suspicious, threat'ning cloud. Shak. 4. Entertaining suspicion; cherishing suspicion; distrustful: with of before the object.

Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other. Pope. SYN. Distrustful, mistrustful, jealous, doubtful, dubious, questionable. Suspiciously (sus-pish'us-li), adv. 1. In a suspicious manner; with suspicion.-2. So as to excite suspicion. Suspiciousness (sus-pish'us-nes), n. The state or quality of being suspicious; as, (a) the being liable to suspicion or liable to be suspected; as, the suspiciousness of a man's appearance, of his weapons, or of his actions. (b) The quality or state of being apt to suspect; as, the suspiciousness of a man's temper or mind.

Suspiciousness is as great an enemy to wisdom as too much credulity, it doing oftentimes as hurtful wrongs to friends. Fuller. Suspiral (sus-pir'al), n. [See SUSPIRE.] 1. A breathing-hole; a vent or ventiduct.

2. A spring of water passing underground toward a cistern or conduit. [Rare in both senses.]

Suspiration (sus-pir-a'shon), n. [L. suspiratio, suspirationis. See SUSPIRE.] The act of sighing or fetching a long and deep breath; a sigh. Windy suspiration of forced breath." Shak.

Suspire (sus-pir'), v. i. [L. suspiro, to breathe out, to sigh-sus for subs, collateral form of sub, under, and spiro, to breathe (whence expire, inspire, respire, &c.).] 1. To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh. Shak.-2.† To breathe.

Did he suspire,

That light and weightless down perforce must move. Shak. Suspire (sus-pir'), n. A deep breath; a sigh.

Or if you cannot spare one sad suspire

It does not bid you laugh them to their graves. Massinger. Suspired + (sus-pird'), a. Earnestly longed for; ardently wished or desired.

O glorious morning, wherein was born the expecta tion of nations; and wherein the long suspired Re deemer of the world did, as his prophets had cried, rend the heavens, and come down in the vesture of Wotton. humanity!

SUSTAIN

mottled with green and yellow. It bears a high polish, and is extensively used for architectural and ornamental purposes. Sustain (sus-tän'), v.t. [O.Fr. sustenir, so8tenir (Mod. Fr. soutenir), from L. sustineosus for subs, a collateral form of sub, under, and teneo, to hold (whence contain, retain, &c.)] 1. To bear up; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load. The prop that doth sustain my house." Shak.

To crush the pillars that the pile sustain.' Dryden.-2. To hold suspended; to keep from falling; as, a rope sustains a weight. 3. To keep from sinking in despondence; to support

If he have no comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world he is of all creatures the most miserable. Tillotson. 4. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain a family or an army; food insufficient to sustain life.-5. To support in any condition by aid; to vindicate, comfort, assist, or relieve. His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain.' Dryden.-6. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up against; as, able to sustain a shock.-7. To suffer; to have to submit to; to bear; to undergo.

Shak

You shall sustain more new disgraces. 8. To allow to proceed before a court; to hold as well based; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit.-9. To establish by evidence; to bear out; to prove; to confirm; to make good; to corroborate; as, such facts sustain the statement; the evidence is not sufficient to sustain the charge.-10. In music, to give the full length or time value to; to continue, as the sound of notes through their whole length.-SYN. To bear, support, uphold, prop, subsist, nourish, assist, relieve, suffer, undergo, endure. Sustain (sus-tan), n. That which upholds. My sustain was the Lord." Milton. Sustainable (sus-tán'a-bl), a. Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is not sustainable.

Sustained (sus-tänd'), p. and a. Kept up to one pitch or level, especially a high pitch. 'The sustained melody of his verse.' Craik. 'Sustained thought.' Edin. Rev.

No other means can be devised of making the councils consistent and sustained. Brougham.

-Sustained note or tone, in music, a note prolonged through several bars while other parts are ascending or descending. It differs from organ or pedal point only in its occurring in the upper or middle parts,organ-point being in the bass.

Sustainer (sus-tán'ér), n. One who or that which sustains; as, (a) a supporter, maintainer, or upholder. The first founder, sustainer, and continuer thereof. Dr. H. More. (b) A sufferer. Hast a sustainer been of much affliction." Chapman. Sustainment (sus-tan'ment), n. The act of sustaining; support. Hunting, which was their only sustainment.' Milton. Sustenance (sus'ten-ans), n. [O. Fr. susten ance. See SUSTAIN.] 1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of life. For the sustenance of our bodies many kinds of food.' Hooker.-2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; as, to refuse to take any sustenance. 'Gained for her a scanty sustenance. Tennyson.

Sustentaclet (sus-ten'ta-kl), n. [L. sustentaculum.] Support; sustenance. Dr.

H. More.

As

Sustentation (sus-ten-tá'shon), n. [L. sustentatio, sustentationis, from sustento, to hold up, intens. of sustineo. See SUSTAIN.] 1. Support; preservation from falling. cent and sustentation aloft.' Boyle.-2. Use of food. Sir T. Browne.-3. Maintenance; support of life. Means of life and sustentation. Bacon.-Sustentation fund, a central fund collected from each congregation belonging to the Free Church of Scotland, from which each clergyman in possession of a cure is paid an equal sum annually. Suster, n. Sister. Chaucer. Susurration (sü-sér-ra'shon), n.

[L. su

surratio, susurrationis, from susurro, to whisper.] A whispering; a soft murmur. Howell.

Susurrous (sũ-surʼrus), a. [L. susurrus, a whisper.] Whispering; full of sounds resembling whispers; rustling.

High up on the same end of the wall there were eyes peering through, and a gentle, susurrous whispering. W. H. Russell.

ch, chain;

273

Susurrus (su-surʼrus), n. [L] A soft, humming, murmuring, sound; a whisper.

All the halls will be overflowing and buzzing with the matin susurrus of courtiers. De Quincey. Sutile (sü'til), a. [L. sutilis, from suo, sutum, to sew.] Done by stitching. •The fame of her needle work, the sutile pictures,' mentioned by Johnson.' Boswell. Sutler (sut'lèr), n. [O. D. soeteler, D. zoetelaar, à sutler, from soetelen, to perform menial offices or dirty work. Allied to G. sudler, a dabbler, a scullion, from sudeln, to splash or puddle about, to soil, to do dirty work.] A person who follows an army and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, or the like.

Sutling (sut'ling), a. Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler. Sutor (su'tor), n. A syrup made by the Indians of the river Gila, in the United States (Arizona), from the fruit of the Cactus pittahaya.

Sutra (sö'tra), n. [Skr., a thread, a string. The sutras are leaves held together by strings passed through holes in them.] The name given to certain collections or books of aphorisms in Sanskrit literature, forming the Vedangas, or six members of the Veda. See VEDANGA.

Suttee (sut-te), n. [Skr. sati, from sat, good, pure; properly, a chaste and virtuous wife.] i. A Hindu widow who immolates herself on the funeral pile, either with the body of her husband, or separately, if he died at a distance.-2. The voluntary self-immolation of Hindu widows on the funeral pile of their husbands. The origin of this horrid custom is uncertain. It is not absolutely commanded in the sacred books of the Hindus, but they speak of it as highly meritorious, and the means of obtaining eternal beatitude. The practice is now abolished in British India, and is all but extinct in the native states. Sutteeism (sut-te'izm), n. The practice of self-immolation among Hindu widows. Suttle (sut'l), n. In com, a term applied to weight when the tare has been deducted and the tret has yet to be allowed. Sutural (sü-tü'ral), a. 1. Relating to a suture or seam.-2. In bot, taking place at a suture; as, the sutural dehiscence of a peri

carp.

Suturate (sü'tûr-ät), v.t. To join or unite by a suture; to sew or knit together.

Six several bones... suturated among themselves.' Dr. John Smith.

Suture (sü'tür), n. [L. sutura, from suo, to sew.] 1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are joined, united, or sewed together so as to form a seam, or something resembling a seam.2. In surg. the uniting of the lips or edges of a wound by stitching.3. In anat. the seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull, or the peculiar articulation or connection of those bones; as, the coronal suture; the sagittal suture. 4. In bot. the seam of a dehiscent pericarp where the valves unite. 5. In entom, the

ds

line at which the elytra vs, Ventral Suture. meet, and are sometimes ds, Dorsal Suture. confluent.-6. In conch. the

line of junction in the whorls of spiral shells, or that line by which two parts join or fit into each other.

Sutured (sü'türd),a. Having sutures; united. Suversed (sû'verst). n. A mathematical term applied to the supplement of a versed sine, or the difference of a versed sine from the diameter of the circle. See SINE. Suwarrow-nut (su-war'ô-nut), n. The large flat fruit of a tree of the genus Caryocar, the C. nuciferum, nat. order Rhizobolacea. Written also Saouari- and Souari-nut. See CARYOCAR.

Suzerain (sü'ze-răn), n. [Fr., formed from prefix sus, above, over, L. sursum, on type of souverain, from L. super, above.] A feudal lord or baron; a lord paramount. Suzerainty (sû'ze-ran-ti), n. [Fr. suzerainté, from suzerain, a lord paramount.] The office or dignity of a suzerain; paramount authority or command.

When Philip Augustus began his reign his dominions were much less extensive than those of the English king, over whom his suzerainty was merely Brougham.

nominal.

I hold my kingdom of God and the sword, and will acknowledge no suzerainty beyond that. E. A. Freeman.

Swa,t adv. [A. Sax.] So. Chaucer. ng, sing;

SWAGE

Swab (swob), n. [Same word as Sw. swabb, swab, a swab; kindred forms are D. zwabber, G. schwabber, Dan. svabre, a swab, a mop; probably from a verb signifying to splash or dash among water; comp. Prov. E. swab, to splash; G. schwabbeln, schwappeln, to splash; perhaps from the root of sweep (which see).] 1. A mop for cleaning floors, ships' decks, and the like.-2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle for cleansing the mouth of the sick, or for giving them nourishment. 3. In founding, a small tapering tuft of hemp, charged with water, for touching up the edges of moulds.-4. A cleaner or sponge for the bore of a cannon.-5.† A cod or pod, as of beans, pease, and the like.-6. An epaulet, being humorously compared to a swab or mop. [Colloq.]

Swab (swob), v.t. pret. & pp. swabbed; ppr. swabbing. To apply a swab to; to clean with a swab or mop; to wipe when wet or after washing; as, to swab the deck of a ship. Swabber (swob'ér), n. One who uses a swab to clean a floor or deck; on board of ships of war, an inferior officer, whose business is to see that the ship is kept clean. Swad (swod), n. [Perhaps a sort of hybrid form based upon squash (peascod) and cod. As to similarity in meanings, comp. squash. In meaning 4 a form of squad.] A pod, as of beans or pease. [Local]-2. A short fat person.-3. A silly or coarse fellow; a country bumpkin.

There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but lower than yourself. B. Fonson. 4. A lump, mass, or bunch; also, a crowd; a swaddle (swod'l), v. t. pret. & pp. swaddled; squad. [Vulgar.] ppr. swaddling. (O.E. swadil, swadel, swathele, to bind, from A. Sax. swathil, swethel, a swaddling-band; same origin as swathe, swath. See SWATHE.] 1. To bind, as with a bandage; to bind tight with clothes; to swathe: used generally of infants; as, to swaddle a child.

They swaddled me up in my night-gown with long pieces of linen till they had wrapped me in about a hundred yards of swathe. Addison.

Swaddle (swod'l), n. A cloth or band bound 2. To beat; to cudgel. Beau. & Fl tight round the body of an infant. Put to bed in all my swaddles. Addison. Swaddleband (swod'l-band), n. Same as Swaddling-band. Massinger. Swaddler (swod'lèr), n. A contemptuous epithet applied by Roman Catholics in Ireland to Protestants, especially to the more evangelical and active sects, as the Methodists.

Swaddling-band, Swaddling cloth (swod'ling-band, swod'ling-kloth), n. A band or cloth wrapped round an infant. Job xxxviii. 9; Luke ii. 7. Swaddling-clout (swod'ling-klout), n. A swaddling-band. Spenser.

Swag (swag), v.i. (A form allied to swing, sway, and perhaps influenced to some extent by sag and wag; comp. Icel. svegja, to make to sway; sveigja, to sway; G. schwanken, to sway; hence swagger.] 1. To sink down by its weight; to lean; to sag. N. Grew.-2. To move as something heavy and pendent; to sway.

Swag (swag), n. 1. An unequal hobbling motion. [Local.]-2. A large quantity; a lot; hence, plundered property; booty. [Slang.]

Swag-bellied (swagbel-lid), a. Having a prominent overhanging belly.

Your Dane, your German, and your swag-bellied Hollander are nothing to your English. Shak. Swag-belly (swagʻbel-li), n. 1. A prominent or projecting belly; a swag-bellied person.

Great overgrown dignitaries and rectors, with rubicund noses and gouty ancles, or broad bloated faces, dragging along great swag-bellies; the emblems of sloth and indigestion. Smollett.

2. A large tumour developed in the abdomen, and which is neither fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison

Swage (swaj), v.t. [An abbrev. of assuage (which see).] To ease; to soften; to mitigate.

Apt words have power to swage
The tumours of a troubled mind.

Milton.

SWAGE

Swage (swaj), v.t. To shape by means of a swage; to fashion by hammering in a groove or mould, having the required shape. Swagger (swag'er), v.i. [A freq. from swag (which see). Comp. Swiss schwaggeln, to stroll about.] 1. To boast or brag noisily; to bluster; to bully; to hector. A rascal that swaggered with me last night (that is tried to bully me).' Shak.

Drunk? squabble? swagger! and discourse fustian with one's own shadow? O thou invisible spirit of wine! Shak.

It was something to swagger about when they were together after their second bottle of claret. Disraeli.

2. To strut with a defiant or insolent air; to strut with an obtrusive affectation of superiority; as, he went swaggering down the street.

Swagger (swag'èr), v.t. To influence by blustering or threats; to bully; as, to swagger one out of countenance. Swift. Swagger (swag'èr), n. A piece of bluster: boastfulness, bravado, or insolence in manner; an insolent strut. An impudent swagger.' Marryat.

He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped Irving. forth to receive us. One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful noisy fellow. Shak. Swaggy (swagi), a. [From swag.] Sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight. His swaggy and prominent belly.' Sir T. Browne. Swain (swan), n. [A. Sax. swein, swan, a herdsman, a swain; Icel. sveinn, a boy, a youth, a servant; O. Sax. swen, Dan. svend, a journeyman; probably allied in origin to son.] 1. A young man dwelling in the country; a country servant employed in husbandry; a rustic.

Swaggerer (swag'èr-èr), n.

Behold the cot! where thrives the industrious swain. Crabbe.

Hence-2. A country gallant; a lover or sweetheart generally: in poetry and picturesque prose.

Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope. SYN. Countryman, peasant, hind, clown, rustic.

Swainish (swan'ish), a. Rustic; boorish.

An ungentle and swainish breast.' Milton. Swainmote, Sweinmote (swän'möt, swin'một), n. [Swain, and mote, meeting.] An old English forest court, held before the verderors as judges, the swains or freeholders within the forest constituting the jury. Its principal jurisdiction was to inquire into the oppressions and grievances committed by the officers of the forest. Swaip (swap), v.i. [Form of sweep.] To walk proudly; to sweep. [Local.] Swal, pret. of swell. Swelled. Swale (swal), n 1. A shade or shady spot. 2. A valley; a low place; a moor.-3. [See SWEAL] A gutter in a candle. [Provincial English in all senses.]

Swale (swal), v.i. To waste; to consume. See SWEAL

Swale (swal), v.t. [See SWEAL] To dress, as a hog for bacon, by singeing or burning off his hair. [Provincial English.] Swallet (swal'et), n. [Possibly from swell; comp. G. schwall, a swell of the sea, a billow, from schwellen, to swell.] In tin mining, water breaking in upon the miners at their work.

Swallow (swollo), n. [A. Sax. swalewe, swealwe, D. zwaluw, Icel. and Sw. svala, Dan. svale, O.H.G. sualawa, Mod. G. schwalbe, swallow.] A common name of a number of insessorial birds of the fissirostral section of the order, several species of which are wellknown in this country. They are remarkable for their dense plumage, extreme length of wing, and velocity of flight, while their feet and legs are comparatively weak. Their food consists of insects, which they catch in the air, and thus they pass more of their time upon the wing than most other birds. Their bill is short and very broad at the base, so that the gape is remarkably wide. They are found almost all over the world. In temperate climates the swallows are migratory birds, marking the arrival of spring by their coming, and giving notice that summer is over by their departure to warmer regions. The common species in Britain are the chimney swallow (Hirundo rustica), the house-martin (H. urbica), and the sand-martin (H. riparia). The chimney swallow has the tail very deeply forked, the two outside feathers being far longer than any of the others. It is about 8 inches in length. The upper parts and a broad

274

SWAN

authors affirm to be found in the stomachs of young swallows. Swallow-tail (swol'lo-tal), n. 1. A plant, a species of willow. The shining willow they call swallow-tail.' Bacon.-2. In joinery, the same as Dove-tail.-3. In fort. an outwork composed of two redans, and called also Queue d'Hyronde. See REDAN.-4. A swallow-tailed coat. Lord Lytton.-5. The points of a burgee.

Swallow-tailed (swollo-tald), a. 1. Of the form of a swallow's tail; having tapering or pointed skirts; as, a swallow-tailed coat. 2. In joinery, dove-tailed. -Swallow-tailed butterfly, swallow-tailed moth, names given to the Papilio machaon, a large and beautiful species of butterflies; and to the Durapteryx Sambucaria, a common British moth: so called because in both insects the hinder wings are prolonged to form pointed tails or projections.-Swallow-tailed hawk, a species of hawk, Nauclerus furcatus, found in the Southern States of America. Swallow-wort (swol'lo-wèrt), n. The English name of various species of plants of the genus Asclepias, nat. order Asclepiadacea; also, a name given to the common celandine (Chelidonium majus).

Swamp (swomp), n. [Closely akin to sump, Swam (swam), pret. of swim. a pond, and also to A. Sax. swamm, Dan. and Sw. svamp, Icel. svöppr, G. schwamm, a sponge; from root of swim.] A piece of spongy land; low ground saturated with water; soft wet ground which may have a growth of certain kinds of trees, but is unfit for agricultural or pastoral purposes, being thus distinguished from bog or marsh, though often used as synonymous with those words, as also with fen and morass. Swamp (swomp), v.t. 1. To plunge, whelm. or sink in a swamp, or as in a swamp.-2. To plunge into inextricable difficulties. 'Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory.' Sir W. Hamilton.. 3. Naut. to overset, sink, or cause to become filled, as a boat, in water: to whelm. Swamp-cabbage (swomp'kab-baj), n. Same as Skunk-cabbage. Swamp-hare (swomp'hår), n. Same as

Water-rabbit.

Swamp-hickory (swomp'hik-o-ri), n. See HICKORY.

Swamp-locust Tree (swomplo-kust trē), n. A thorny leguminous tree (Gleditschia monosperma) inhabiting the Southern States of America. Called also Water-locust. Swamp-oak (swomp'ok), n. A species of oak (Quercus bicolor) common on low ground in Canada and the United States. Swamp-ore (swomp'or), n. Same as Bog Iron-ore (which see).

Swamp-pink (swomp'pingk), n. The popular name of the wild honey-suckle (Azalea viscosa). [United States.] Swamp-sassafras (swomp-sas'sa-fras), n. See SASSAFRAS. Swamp-wood (swomp'wyd). See ROPEᏴᎪᎡᏦ .

Swampy (swomp'i), a. Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.

Swan (swon), n. [A. Sax. swan; common to the Teutonic languages: D. zwaan, Icel svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane, O.G. suan, suano, G. schwan; probably from same root as Skr. svan, L sono, to sound. See SOUND.] A natatorial bird of the genus Cygnus and family Anatidae. They are found upon rivers and small pools of fresh water, rather than

SWAN-DOWN

The species which inhabit or visit Britain are the mute or tame swan (Cygnus olor), the wild swan or hooper (C. ferus), and the Bewick swan (C. Bewickii). The black swan (C. atratus) is an Australian species, about

Black Swan (Cygnus atratus).

the size of the tame swan. Like the white swan, it is frequently kept as an ornament in parks in this country. Other species are the Polish swan (C. inimitabilis), the American swan (C. americanus), the trumpeter swan (C. buccinator), also an American form, and the black-necked swan (C. nigricollis) of South America. In England the swan is said to be a bird-royal, in which no subject can have property, save by special permission of the crown. A mark or badge was granted to those who enjoyed this right, and the ceremony of swan-upping, swanhopping, or swan-marking is yet annually

carried out on the Thames on behalf of the crown, of the University of Oxford, and several of the London companies or guilds. The swan-marks are made upon the upper mandible with a knife or other sharp instrument.

Swan-down (swon'doun), n. Same as Swansdown.

Swan-flower (swon'flou-ér), n. A name given to orchids of the genus Cycnoches, in allusion to the column, which is long and gracefully curved, like the neck of a swan. Swang (swang), n. [A form of swamp (which see)] A piece of low land or green sward liable to be covered with water; also, a swamp or bog. [Provincial English.] Swanherd (swon'hérd), n. One who tends

swans.

No person having swans could appoint a swanherd without the king's swanherd's license. Yarrell.

Swanhopping (swon'hop-ing), n. [A corruption of swan-upping.] See under SWAN. T. Hook

Swank (swangk), a. [Allied to G. schwank, pliant, flexible, supple.] Thin; slender; pliant, agile. [Scotch.] Swankie, Swanky (swangk'i), n. An active or clever young fellow. Skinner. [Scotch.] Swanking (swangk'ing), a. Supple; active. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Swan-like (swonlik), a. Resembling a swan. 'A swan-like end.' Shak. Swan-mark (swon'märk), n. A mark indicating the ownership of a swan.

The swan-mark, called by Sir Edward Coke, cigninota, was cut in the skin of the beak of the swan with a sharp knife or other instrument. Yarrell. Swan-neck (swon'nek), n. The end of a pipe curved or arched like the neck of a

Swan

Swannery (swon'èr-i), n. A place where swans are bred and reared.

Swanpan (swan'pan), n. Same as Shwanрап.

Swans-down (swonz'doun), n. 1. The down of the swan.-2. A fine, soft, thick woollen cloth; also, a thick cotton cloth with a soft pile or nap on one side.

Swan-shot (swon'shot), n. A large kind of shot used for swan-shooting.

I made hiro take the two fowling-pieces, which we always carried, and loaded them with large swanthat, as big as small pistol-bullets. Defoe.

Swanskin (swon'skin), n. 1. The skin of a swan with the feathers on.-2. A kind of fine twilled flannel; also, a kind of woollen blanketing used by letterpress printers and engravers

Swap (swop), adv. [Comp. G. schwapp, a blow, also as interj. slap! smack! perhaps from sound of a hasty blow or smack.] Hastily; at a snatch; with hasty violence. [Provincial English.]

275

Swap (swop), v.t. pret. & pp. swapped; ppr. swapping. [Allied probably to sweep and swoop; comp. G. schwappen, to strike, to swap. The sense of barter may come from the habit of striking hands on a bargain. Comp. to strike a bargain. See SWAP, adv.] 1. To strike with a sweeping stroke; to knock down. [Old and provincial.]2. To swop; to barter; to exchange. [Colloq.] Swap (swop), v.i. 1. To fall completely down.-2. To ply the wings with a sweeping noise.-3. To swop.

Swap (swop), n. 1. A blow; a stroke. Beau. & Fl. [Old and provincial.]-2. A barter; an exchange. Sir W. Scott. [Colloq.] Swape (swap), n. [Collateral form of sweep, swipe.] 1. A machine for raising water, consisting of a bucket hung to the end of a counterpoised lever; a sweep or swipe. 2. A sconce or light-holder.-3. A pumphandle.-4. A long oar; a sweep. Swappet (swap). v.t. and i. To swap; to throw down; to strike off. Chaucer. Sward (sward), n. [A. Sax. sweard, O.D. swaerde, Mod. D. zwoord, Dan. svær, Icel. svördr, G. schwarte, all signifying the skin of bacon, and then sward or surface of the earth.] 1. A skin; a covering. Halliwell. [Provincial English.]-Sward pork, bacon cured in large flitches. Halliwell.-2. The grassy surface of land; turf; that part of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, forming a kind of mat. When covered with green grass it is called green-sward. Sward (sward), v.t. To produce sward on; to cover with sward. Mortimer.

Sward-cutter (sward'kut-ér), n. 1. A form of plough for turning over grass lands.-2. A lawn-mower.

Swarded (sward'ed), a. Covered with sward.

'The swarded lea.' J. Baillie. Swardy (sward'i), a. Covered with sward or grass; as, swardy land. Sware (swar), old pret. of swear.

Cophetua sware a royal oath:

This beggar maid shall be my queen!' Tennyson. Swarf (swarf), v.i. [Akin to swerve (which see).] To faint; to swoon. Sir W. Scott. Swarf (swärf), n. Stupor; a fainting fit; a swoon. [Scotch.]

Swarf (swärf), n. 1. Iron-filings. E. H. Knight; Simmonds.-2. The grit worn away from grindstones used in grinding cutlery wet. Halliwell. [Provincial English.] Swarf-moneyt (swarf'mun-i), n. In feudal law, money paid in lieu of the service of castleward.

Swarm (swarm), n. [A. Sax. swearm, a swarm; Icel. svarmr, a tumult; O. H. G. swarm, Mod. G. schwarm, noisy revelry, a swarm, schwärmen, to buzz, to riot, to swarm, Bavar. schwurm, confusion in the head, throng, swarm. The root meaning is seen in G. schwirren, to whirr, to whizz, to chirp, &c.; Skr. svar, to sound. See the verb, also SWEAR] 1. A large number or body of small animals or insects, particularly when moving in a confused mass. 'A swarm of flies in vintage time.' Milton.2. Especially, the cluster or great number of honey-bees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; or a like body of bees united and settled permanently in a hive.-3. A great number or multitude; particularly, a multitude of people in motion: used sometimes of inanimate objects. This swarm of fair advantages.' Shak.

Her men,

Seeing the mighty swarm about their walls, Left her and fled. Tennyson. SYN. Multitude, crowd, throng, cluster. Swarm (swarm), v.i. [A. Sax. swearmian, L.G. swarmen, G. schwärmen, Dan. svärme, Sw. svärma, to swarm, to rove, to wander, to revel. See the noun.] 1. To collect and depart from a hive by flight in a body, as bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.-2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to congregate or throng in multitudes; to crowd together with confused movements. In crowds around the swarming people join. Dryden. O, what a multitude of thoughts at once Awaken'd in me swarm. Milton.

3. To be crowded; to be overrun; to be thronged with a multitude of animals in motion; to abound; to be filled with a number or crowd of objects. 'Swarming with caterpillars.' Shak.

Every place swarms with soldiers. Spenser. 4. To breed multitudes.

Not so thick swarm'd once the soil Bedropt with blood of Gorgon. Milton.

SWASH

Swarmt (swarm), v.t. To crowd or throng. To swarm us round about.' Sackville. Swarm (swarm), v. i. [Perhaps akin to swerve, but more probably to squirm, which may either be derived from this or the origin of this. See SQUIRM.] To climb a tree, pole, or the like by embracing it with the arms and legs, and scrambling; to shin.

At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it. Coxe. Swarming (swarming), n. 1. The act of coming off in swarms as bees.-2. In bot. a method of reproduction observed in some of the Confervaceæ and Desmidiaceæ, in which the granules constituting the green matter become detached from each other and move about in their cells; then the external membrane swells and bursts, and the granules issue forth into the water to become new plants.

Swart, Swarth (swart, swarth), a. [A. Sax. swart, sweart; common to all the Teutonic tongues; Goth. svarts, O. Sax. 0. Fris. and L.G. swart, Icel. svartr, G. schwarz, D. zwart -black, dark. Grimm allies swart with L. surdus, deaf, dull, indistinct, as if the original meaning is of a colour not to be perceived.] Being of a dark hue; moderately black; swarthy: said especially of the skin. 'A nation strange with visage swart.' Spenser. 'Lame, foolish, crooked, swart.' Shak. 'Your swarth Cimmerian.' Shak. Swart (swart), v.t. To make tawny. Sir T. Browne.

Swart-back (swart'bak), n. The great blackbacked gull (Larus marinus). [Scotch.] Swarth (swärth), n. An apparition of a person about to die; called in Scotland a wraith. [Provincial English.]

These apparitions are called fetches, and in Cumberland swarths. Grose.

Swarth (swarth), n. 1. The sward.

Groans are heard on the mountain swarth. Hogg. 2. The swath; one of the bands or ridges of grass, hay, &c., produced by mowing with the scythe.

An affectioned ass, that cons state without book and utters it by great swarths. Shak. Swarthily (swarth'i-li), adv. With a swarthy hue.

Swarthiness, Swarthness (swarth'i-nes, swarth'nes), n. The state of being swarthy; tawniness; a dusky or dark complexion. Swarthy (swarth'i), a. [From swarth, swart. See SWART.] Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny or black; as, the Moors, Spaniards, and Italians are more swarthy than the French, Germans, and English. 'A 'Hard coils of swarthy Ethiope.' Shak. cordage, swarthy fishing-nets.' Tennyson. Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. Addison.

Swarthyt (swarth'i), v.t. To blacken; to make swarthy.

Now will I and my man John swarthy our faces over as if that country's heat had made 'em so. Cowley. Swartiness (swart'i-nes), n. The state of being swart or swarthy; a tawny colour. Swartish (swart'ish), a. Somewhat swart, dark, or tawny.

Swartness (swart'nes), n. Swarthiness. Sir W. Scott.

Swart-star (swart'stär), n. The Dog-star: so called because it appears in the heat of summer which darkens or makes swart the complexion.

Shades, and wanton winds, and gushing brooks, On whose fresh lap the swart-star sparely looks. Milton.

Swartyt (swart'i), a. Swarthy; tawny. Shak.;

Burton.

Swartzia (swart'zi-a), n. [In honour of Olof Swartz, M.D., a long time resident in the West Indies, and author of a work on the botany of these islands.] A genus of leguminous trees, the species of which are natives of South America and the West India Islands. They are mostly large forest trees yielding a hard durable timber having simple or pinnate leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers. The S. tomentosa is a high thick tree growing in Guiana. It has a fine reddish-coloured wood, which becomes black by age, and is considered very indestructible. The bark is very bitter, and is used as a medicine in Guiana.

Swarve (swarv), v.i. To swerve; to incline to one side. Spenser; Sir W. Scott. [Old English and Scotch.]

Swash (swosh), n. [Probably from sound of splashing water; comp. Sw. swassa, to bluster, to bully, to swagger. Akin swish.] 1. A blustering noise; a vapouring. [Slang.]