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SELFLESS

Selfless (self'les), a. Having no regard to self; unselfish.

Lo, now, what hearts have men! they never mount

As high as woman in her selfiess mood. Tennyson. Selflessness (self'les-nes), n. Freedom from selfishness.

Self-life (self'lif), n. Life in one's self; a living solely for one's own gratification or advantage.

Self-like (self'lik), a. Exactly similar; corresponding.

Till Strephon's plaining voice him nearer drew,
Where, by his words, his self-like case he knew,
Sir P. Sidney.

Self-limited (self'lim-it-ed), a. In pathol.
a term applied to a disease which appears
to run a definite course, but is little modi-
fied by treatment, as small-pox.
Self-love (self'luv), n. The love of one's
own person or happiness; an instinctive
principle in the human mind which impels
every rational creature to preserve his life,
and promote his own happiness.

And while self-love each jealous writer rules, Contending wits become the sport of fools. Pope. Not only is the phrase self-love used as synonymous with the desire of happiness, but it is often confounded with the word selfishness, which certainly, in strict propriety, denotes a very different disposi tion of mind. D. Stewart.

So long as self-love does not degenerate into selfishness it is quite compatible with true benevolence. Fleming.

As to difference between self-love and selfishness see also SELFISHNESS. Self-loving (self'luv-ing), a. Loving one's self. Iz. Walton.

Self-luminous (self-lü'min-us), a. Luminous of itself; possessing in itself the property of emitting light; thus, the sun, fixed stars, flames of all kinds, bodies which shine by being heated or rubbed, are self-luminous. Self-made (self'mad), a. Made by one's self; specifically, having risen in the world by one's own exertions; as, a self-made man. Self-mastery (self-mas'ter-i), n. Mastery of one's self; self-command; self-control. Self-mate (self'mät), n. A mate for one's

self. Shak.

Self-mettlet (self'met-1), n. One's own flery temper or mettle; inherent courage. Anger is like

A full hot horse, who, being allow'd his way, Self-mettle tires him. Shak. Self-motion (self-mö'shon), n. Motion given by inherent powers, without external impulse; spontaneous motion.

Matter is not endued with self-motion. Cheyne. Self-moved (self-mövd'), a. Moved by inherent power without the aid of external

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Self-pollution (self-pol-lu'shon), n. as Self-abuse, 2. Self-possessed (self'poz-zest), a. Composed; not disturbed. Neither self-possess'd nor startled.' Tennyson.

Self-possession (self-poz-zesh'on), n. The possession of one's powers; presence of mind; calmness; self-command. Self-praise (self'práz), n. The praise of one's self; self-applause; as, self-praise is no commendation.

Self-praise is sometimes no fault. IV. Broome. Self-preference (self-pref'èr-ens), n. Preference of one's self to others. Self-preservation (self'prez-ér-vā"shon), n The preservation of one's self from destruction or injury.

The desire of existence is a natural affection of the soul; it is self-preservation in the highest and truest meaning. Bentley.

Self-preserving (self-pre-zêrv'ing), a. Preserving one's self.

Self-pride (self'prid), n. Pride in one's own character, abilities, or reputation; selfesteem. Colton. Self-profit (self'pro-fit), n. One's own profit, gain, or advantage; self-interest. Unbiassed by self-profit.' Tennyson. Self-propagating (self-prop'a-gat-ing), a. Propagating by one's self or itself. Self-registering (self-rej'is-tér-ing), a. Registering automatically; an epithet applied to any instrument so contrived as to record its own indications of phenomena, whether continuously or at stated times, or at the maxima or minima of variations; as, a self-registering barometer, thermometer, or the like.

Self-regulated (self-reg'u-lât-ed), a. Regulated by one's self or itself.

Self-regulative (self-reg'u-lât-iv), a. Tending or serving to regulate one's self or itself. Whewell.

Self-reliance (self-re-li'ans), n. Reliance on one's own powers.

Self-reliant (self-re-li'ant), a. Relying on one's self; trusting to one's own powers.

impulse. Self-moved with weary wings.' Self-relying (self-rê-li'ing), a. Depending Pope.

Self-movent (self-möv'ent), a. Same as Self-moving.

Body cannot be self-existent, because it is not selfN. Grew.

movent.

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Confidence as opposed to modesty, and distinguished from decent assurance, proceeds from selfopinion, occasioned by ignorance and flattery. Jeremy Collier. Self-opinioned (self-o-pin'yund),a. Valuing one's own opinion highly. A bold selfopinioned physician.' South. Self-originating (self-o-rij'i-nāt-ing), a. Originating in, produced by, beginning with, or springing from one's self or itself. Self-partiality (self-pär-shal'i-ti), n. partiality by which a man overrates his own worth when compared with others. Lord Kames.

That

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on one's self.

The

Self-renunciation (self'rē-nun-si-ā”shon), n. The act of renouncing one's own rights or claims; self-abnegation. Self-repellency (self-re-pel'en-si), n. inherent power of repulsion in a body. Self-repelling (self-re-pel'ing), a. Repelling by its own inherent power. Self-repetition (self'rep-e-ti"shon), n. The act of repeating one's own words or deeds; the saying or doing of what one has already

said or done.

The act of reproaching or condemning one's self; the reproach or censure of one's own conscience.

Self-reproach (self-re-prōch'), n.

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Self-reproached (self-re-prōcht'), a. proached by one's own conscience. Self-reproaching (self-re-prōch'ing), a. Reproaching one's self. Self-reproachingly (self-re-prōch'ing-li), adv. By reproaching one's self. Self-reproof (self-re-pröf'), n. The reproof of one's self; the reproof of conscience. Self-reproved (self-re-prövd), a. Reproved by consciousness or one's own sense of guilt. Self-reproving (self-ré-pröv'ing), a. proving by consciousness. Self-reproving (self-re-pröv'ing), n. proof of one's own conscience; self-reproach. Shak

Re

Re

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Self-repugnant (self-re-pug'nant), a. pugnant to itself; self-contradictory; inconsistent.

A single tyrant may be found to adopt as inconsistent and self-repugnant a set of principles, as twenty could agree upon. Brougham. Self-repulsive (self-re-pul'siv), a. Repulsive in or by one's self or itself. Self-respect (self-re-spekt'), n. Respect for one's self or one's own character. Self-restrained (self-ré-stränd′), a. strained by itself or by one's own power of

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SELF-SUFFICIENT

will; not controlled by external force or authority.

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Power, self-restrained, the people best obey. Dryden. Self-restraint (self-re-strånt'),n Restraint or control imposed on one's self; self-command; self-control.

Self-reverence (self-rev'er-ens), n.

Rever

ence or due respect for one's own character, dignity, or the like.

Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, These three alone lead life to sovereign power. Tennyson.

Self-reverent (self-rev'er-ent), a Having reverence or due respect for one's self. *Self-reverent each, and reverencing each.' Tennyson.

Self-righteous (self-rit'yus), a. Righteous

in one's own esteem. Self-righteousness (self-rit'yus-nes), n. Reliance on one's own supposed righteousness; righteousness, the merits of which a person attributes to himself; false or pharisaical righteousness.

Self-rolled (self'rōld), a. Coiled on itself. In labyrinth of many a round self-rolled." Milton.

Self-ruined (self-rö’ind), a. Ruined by one's own conduct.

Self-sacrifice (self-sak'ri-fis), n. Sacrifice of one's self or of self-interest.

Wordsworth.

Give unto me, made lowly wise, The spirit of self-sacrifice. Self-sacrificing (self-sak'ri-fis-ing), a. Yielding up one's own interest, feelings, &c.; sacrificing one's self. Self-same (self'såm), a. [Self here is the adjective, same, very.] The very same; identical.

And his servant was healed in the self-same hour. Mat. viii. 13. The self-same moment I could pray. Coleridge. Self-satisfied (self-sat'is-fid), a. Satisfied with one's self.

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For that the church all sacred rites to the self-slain denies. J. Baillie.

Self-slaughter (self-sla'tér), n. The slaugh

ter of one's self. Shak Self-slaughtered (self-sla'tèrd), a. Slaughtered or killed by one's self. Shak. Self-styled (self'stild), a. Called or styled by one's self; pretended; would-be. Those self-styled our lords.' Tennyson. Self-subdued (self-sub-dùd'), a. Subdued by one's own power or means. Shak. Self-substantial (self-sub-stan'shal), a. Composed of one's own substance. Feedest thy life's flame with self-substantial fuel' Shak. [Rare.]

Self-subversive (self-sub-vér'siv), a. Overturning or subverting itself. Self-sufficience (self-suf-fl'shens), n. Same as Self-sufficiency.

Self-sufficiency (self-suf-fi'shen-si), n. The state or quality of being self-sufficient: (a) inherent fitness for all ends or purposes; independence of others; capability of working out one's own ends. The self-sufficiency of the Godhead.' Bentley. (b) An overweening opinion of one's own endowments or worth; excessive confidence in one's own competence or sufficiency.

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SELF-SUSTAINED

strength, ability, or endowments; haughty; overbearing.

This is not to be done in a rash and self-sufficient manner; but with an humble dependence on divine Watts. grace.

Self-sustained (self'sus-tänd), a. Sustained
by one's self.

Self-taught (self'tat), a. Taught by one's
self; as, a self-taught genius.
Self-thinking (self thingk-ing), a.

Thinking for one's self; forming one's own opinions irrespective of others.

Our self-thinking inhabitants agreed in their raMrs. S. C. Hall. tional estimate of the new family. Self-tormenting (self-tor-ment'ing),a. Tormenting one's self or itself. ing sin. Crashaw.

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2. To be sold; as, corn sells at a good price.
Few writings sell which are not filled with great
Addison.

names.

To sell out, (a) to sell one's commission in
the army and retire from the service. (b) To
dispose of all one's shares in a company.
Sell (sel), ". An imposition; a cheat; a
deception; a trick successfully played at
another's expense. [Slang.]
Sellanders, Sellenders (sel'lan-dérz, sel-
len-dérz), n. [Fr. solandres. Comp. malan-
ders.] A skin disease in a horse's hough or
pastern owing to a want of cleanliness.
Sella Turcica (sel'la tur'si-ka), n.
named from its supposed resemblance to a
Turkish saddle.] A cavity in the sphenoid
bone, containing the pituitary gland, and
surrounded by the four clinoid processes.
Selle,+ n. A cell. Chaucer.
Selle,+ n. A sill; a door-sill or threshold.
Chaucer.

[So

SEMENCINE

similare, simulare, to make like, from simi-
lis, like. Root same as that of E. same.]
1. Similarity; resemblance; hence, mere
High words that
show or make-believe.

bore semblance of worth.' Milton.-2. Ex-
ternal figure or appearance; exterior; show;
form.

Their semblance kind, and mild their gestures were.
Fairfax

He made his Masque what it ought to be, essentially lyrical, and dramatic only in semblance. Macaulay. 3. A form or figure representing something; likeness; image.

No more than wax shall be accounted evil
Wherein is stamp'd the semblance of a devil. Shak
Show; figure;

Semblant (sem'blant), n. •Self-torment

Self-tormentor (self-tor-ment'ér), n. who torments himself.

Self-torture (self-tortur), n.

One

Pain or tor

ture inflicted on one's self; as, the self-tor

ture of the heathen.

Self-trust (self'trust), n. one's self; self-reliance.

Trust or faith in
Shak

Self-view (self'vú), n. 1. A view of one's self or of one's own actions and character. 2 Regard or care for one's personal interests. Self-violence (self-vi'o-lens), n.

to one's self.

Young.

Self-will (self' wil), n. obstinacy.

Sellet (sel), n. [Written also Sell (which
see).] 1. A seat; a settle; a throne.
Many a yeoman, bold and free,
Revell'd as merrily and well

As those that sat in lordly selle. Sir W. Scott.
2. A saddle.
Seller (sel'èr), n.
Violence

One's own will;

In their anger they slew a man, and in their self-will they digged down a wall.

Self-willed (self' wild), a.

Gen. xlix. 6.
Governed by

one's own will; not yielding to the will or wishes of others; not accommodating or compliant; obstinate.

Presumptuous are they, self-willed. Self-worship (self-wêrship), n. izing of one's self.

2 Pet. ii. 10.

The idol

Self-worshipper (self-wer'ship-ér), n. One

who idolizes himself.

Self-wrong (self'rong), n. Wrong done by a person to himself.

But lest myself be guilty of self-wrong

I'll stop mine cars against the mermaid's song. Shak. Selion (sel'i-on), n. [L.L. selio, selionis; Fr. sillon, a ridge, a furrow.] A ridge of land rising between two furrows, of a breadth sometimes greater, sometimes less. Sell+ (sel), n. [Also selle, from Fr. selle, L. sella, a seat, a saddle.] 1. A saddle.

What mighty warrior that mote be Who rode in golden sell with single speare. Spenser. Some commentators on Shakspere think that the well-known passage in Macbeth, act i, scene 7,

I have no spur

To prick the sides of muy intent, but only
Vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself
And fails on the other,

should read, Vaulting ambition which o'er-
leaps its sell.'-2. A throne; a seat.

A tyrant proud frowned from his lofty sell. Fairfax. Sell (sel), v.t. pret. & pp. sold; ppr. selling. [A. Sax. sellan, syllan, to give, to deliver up; LG sellen, Icel. selja, to sell, to deliver; Goth saljan, to offer, to sacrifice. The original meaning would seem to have been to give or transfer in a solemn manner.] 1. To transfer, as property, or the exclusive right of possession, to another for an equivalent; to give up for a consideration; to dispose of for something else, especially for money. It is correlative to buy, as one party buys what the other sells, and is now usually distinguished from exchange or barter, in which une commodity is given for another; whereas in selling the consideration is generally money or its representative in current

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We could not but laugh quietly at the complete success of the Rajah's scheme; we were, to use a vulgar W. H. Russell. parase, regularly sold,

-To sell one's life dearly, to cause great loss
to those who take one's life; to do great in-
jury to the enemy before one is killed-To
sell one up, to sell a debtor's goods to pay his
creditors

Sell (sel), v 1. To have commerce; to prac-
Lise selling.

I will bay with you, sell with you; but I will not eat with you.

Shak

One who sells; a vender.
To things of sale a seller's praise belongs. Shak.
Selters-water (selt'èrz-wa-tér), n. A highly-
prized medicinal mineral water found at
Nieder-Selters in the valley of the Lahn,
Nassau, Germany. It contains chloride of
sodium, carbonates of magnesium, sodium,
and calcium, and a large quantity of free
carbonic acid. Called less correctly Seltzer-
water.

Seltzogene (selt ́zō-jēn), n.
gene.

Same as Gazo

See SELVEDGE.
Selvage (sel'vāj), n.
Naut. a skein or
hank of rope-yarn wound round with yarns
Selvagee (sel-va-jë), n.
or marline, used for stoppers, straps, &c.
Selvet (selv), a. Self; same; very. Chaucer.
Selvedge (sel'vej), n. [Self and edge; lit. an
edge formed of the stuff itself, in opposition
to one sewed on. Comp. D. zelfkant, zelfegge,
zelfeinde, L G. selfkant, selfende, G. selbende,
lit. self-edge, self-end.] 1. The edge of cloth
where it is closed by complicating the
threads; a woven border or border of close
work on a fabric; list.

Meditation is like the selvedge, which keeps the cloth
Echard.
from ravelling.

2. Naut. same as Selvagee.-3. The edge-plate
of a lock through which the bolt shoots.
Selvedged, Selvaged (sel'vejd, sel'vājd), a.
Having a selvedge.

Selves (selvz), pl. of self. Our past selves.'
Locke.

Sely + (seli), a. Same as Seely.
Selyness (se ́li-nes), n. [From sely or seely,
prosperous.] Happiness. Chaucer.
Semaphore (sem'a-för), n. [Gr. sẽma, a
sign, and pherō, to bear.] A kind of tele-
graph or apparatus for conveying informa-
tion by signals visible at a distance, such as
oscillating arms or flags by daylight and lan-
terns at night. Many kinds of semaphores
were in use before the invention of the elec-
tric telegraph, and a simple form is still
employed on railways to regulate traffic.-
Semaphore plant, a name given to Desmo-
dium gyrans, from the peculiar movements
of its leaves. See DESMODIUM.
Semaphoric, Semaphorical (sem-a-forʻik,
sem-a-for'ik-al), a. Relating to a semaphore
or to semaphores; telegraphic.
Semaphorically

One who

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monly prefixed to a point of law (not necessary to be decided in the case) which has not been directly settled, but on which the court indicates its opinion.

Semé (sem'a), a. [Fr., sown.] In her. a term employed to describe a field or charge powdered or strewed over with figures,

as stars, billets, crosses, &c. It is also called Powdered.

[Gr. Semecarpus (se-më-kär'pus), n. A semeion, a mark, and karpos, fruit.] small genus of Asiatic and Australian trees, nat. order Anacardiacea, so named from the remarkable property possessed by the juice of the fruit, whence it is commonly called marking nut. They have alternate, simple, leathery leaves, and terminal or lateral panicles of small white flowers. S. Anacardium has long been known for the corrosive resinous juice contained in the nut. This juice is at first of a pale milk colour, but when the fruit is perfectly ripe it is of a pure black colour, and very acrid. It is employed in medicine by the natives of India and to mark all kinds of cotton cloth. The bark is astringent, and yields various shades of a brown dye. A soft, tasteless, brownish-coloured gum exudes from the bark. See MALACCA. [Gr. Semeiography (se-mi-og'ra-fi), n. semeion, a mark, a sign, and graphō, to write. ] The doctrine of signs; specifically. in pathol. a description of the marks or symptoms of diseases.

Semeiological (semi-o-loj'ik-al), a. Relating to semeiology or the doctrine of signs; specifically, pertaining to the symptoms of diseases.

[Gr. sẽ. Semeiology (se-mi-ol'o-ji), n. meion, a mark, a sign, and logos, discourse.] The doctrine of signs: semeiotics. Semeiotic (se-mi-ot'ik), a. Relating to semeiotics; pertaining to signs; specifically, relating to the symptoms of diseases; symp

(sem-a-for 'ik - al- li),
adv. By means of a semaphore.
Semaphorist (se-maf'or-ist), n.
has charge of a semaphore.
tomatic.
[Gr. sēma,
Sematology (se-ma-tol'o-ji), n.
sématos, a sign, and logos, discourse.] The
doctrine of signs, particularly of verbal signs,
in the operations of thinking and reasoning;
the science of language as expressed by signs.
Smart. [Rare.]

Semblable † (sem'bla-bl), a. [Fr.] Like;
similar; resembling.

It is a wonderful thing to see the semblable coher-
Shak.
ence of his men's spirits and his.
Semblablet (sem'bla-bl), n. Likeness; repre-
sentation; that which is like or represents.
His semblable is his mirror.

Shak.

His semblable, yea, himself Timon disdains. Shak. Semblably + (sem'bla-bli), adv. In a similar manner; similarly.

A gallant knight he was, his name was Blunt; Semblably furnish'd like the king himself. Shak. Semblance (sem'blans), n. [Fr. semblance, from sembler, to seem, to appear, from L. TH, then; th, thin; ng, sing;

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j, job; h, Fr. ton:

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Semelyhede, n. Seemliness; comeliness.
Romaunt of the Rose.

Semen (se'men), n. [L., from root of sero,
to sow.] 1. The seed or prolific fluid of male
animals; the secretion of a testicle; sperm.
2. The seed of plants, or the matured ovule.-
Semen contra. See SEMENCINE.
A strong aro-
Semencine (së'men-sin), n.
matic, bitter drug, which has long been in
It con-
much repute as an anthelmintic.
sists of the dried flower-buds of a number

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SEMESE

of species of Artemisia. Called also Satonici Semen, Semen Contra, Wormseed, &c. Semese (sem-es'), a. [L. semi, half, and esus, eaten, from edo, esum, to eat.] Halfeaten. [Rare.]

No; they're sons of gyps, and that kind of thing, who feed on the semese fragments of the high table. Farrar. Semester (se-mes'ter), n. [L. semestris, half-yearly-sex, six, and mensis, month.] A period or term of six months. Semi (semi). [L. semi, Gr. hemi.] A prefix signifying half; half of; in part; partially. The compounds are generally of very obvious meaning if the latter parts be known, and we give only a certain number of them be

low.

Semi-acid (sem'i-as-id), n. and a. Half-acid; sub-acid.

Semi-amplexicaul (sem'i-am-plek”si-kal),

a. [L. seini, half, amplector, amplexus, to embrace, and caulis, stem] Partially amplexicaul. In bot. embracing the stem half around, as a leaf.

Semi-angle (sem'i-ang-gl), n. The half of a given or measuring angle.

Semi-annual (sem-i-an'nu-al), a. Halfyearly.

Semi-annular (sem-i-an'nu-lér), a. [L. semi, half, and annulus, a ring.] Having the figure of half a ring; forming a semicircle. N. Grew.

Semi-Arian (sem-i-a'ri-an), n. [See ARIAN.] In eccles. hist. a branch of the Arians, who in appearance condemned the errors of Arius but acquiesced in some of his principles, disguising them under more moderate terms. They did not acknowledge the Son to be consubstantial with the Father, that is, of the same substance, but admitted him to be of a like substance with the Father, not by nature, but by a peculiar privilege. Semi-Arian (sem-i-a'ri-an), a. Pertaining to Semi-Arianism.

Semi-Arianism (sem-i-ä'ri-an-izm), n. The

doctrines or tenets of the Semi-Arians. Semi-attached (sem'i-at-tacht"),a. Partially attached or united; partially bound by affection, interest, or special preference of any kind.

We would have been semi-attached as it were. We would have locked up that room in either heart where the skeleton was, and said nothing about it.

Thackeray. -Semi-attached house, one of two houses joined together, but both standing apart from others.

Semi-barbarian (sem'i-bär-bā "ri-an), a. Half savage; partially civilized. Semi-barbarian (sem'i-bär-ba"ri-an), n. One who is but partially civilized. Semi-barbaric (sem'i-bär-bar'ik), a. barbarous; partly civilized; as, semi-barbaric display.

Half

Semi-barbarism (sem-i-bär bär-izm), n. The state or quality of being semi-barbarous or half civilized.

Semi-barbarous (sem-i-bar'ba-rus), a. Half civilized; semi-barbarian; semi-barbaric.

It

Semibreve.

Semibreve (sem'i-brěv), n. In music, a note of half the duration or time of the breve. The semibreve is the measure note by which all others are now regulated. is equivalent in time to two minims, or four crotchets, or eight quavers, or sixteen semiquavers, or thirty-two demi-semiquavers. Semibrief (sem'i-bréf), n. Same as Semibreve.

Semi-bull (sem'i-bul), n. Eccles. a bull issued by a pope between the time of his election and that of his coronation. A semibull has only an impression on one side of the seal. After the consecration the name of the pope and date are stamped on the reverse, thus constituting a double bull Semi-calcined (sem-i-kal'sind), a. Half calcined; as, semi-calcined iron. Semi-castrate (sem-i-kas'trāt), v.t. deprive of one testicle. Semi-castration (sem'i-kas-tra"shon), n. Half castration; deprivation of one testicle. Sir T. Browne. Semi-chorus (sem-i-kō'rus), n. A chorus, usually short, or part of a chorus, performed by a few singers.

To

Semicircle (sem'i-sér-kl), n. 1. The half of a circle; the part of a circle comprehended between its diameter and half of its circumference. 2. An instrument for measuring angles; a graphometer.-3. Any body in the form of a half circle.

Semicircled (sem'i-sèr-kld), a. Same as

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Semicircular. 'A semicircled farthingale.'
Shak.

Semicircular (sem-i-sêr'ku-lér), a. Having
the form of a half circle.- Semicircular
canals, in anat. the name given, from their
figure, to three canals belonging to the organ
of hearing, situated in the petrous portion
of the temporal bone, and opening into the
vestibule.

Semi-circumference (sem'i-sér-kum"fèr-
ens), n. Half the circumference.
Semicirque (sem'i-sérk), n. A semicircle; a
semicircular hollow. The semicirque of
wooded hills.' Fraser's Mag.

Upon a semicirque of turf-clad ground,
The hidden nook discovered to our view
Wordsworth.
A mass of rock.

Semicolon (sem'i-kō-lon), n. In gram. and
punctuation, the point (;), the mark of a
pause to be observed in reading or speak-
ing, of less duration than the colon, and
more than that of the comma. It is used
to distinguish the conjunct members of a

sentence.

Semi-column (sem'i-kol-um), n. A half columm.

Im

Semi-columnar (sem'i-ko-lum"nér),a. Like a half column; flat on one side and round on the other: a botanical term, applied to a stem, leaf, or petiole. Semi-conscious (sem-i-kon'shus), a. perfectly conscious. De Quincey. Semicopet (sem'i-kōp), n. An ancient clerical garment, being a half or short cloak. Chaucer.

Semi-crystalline (sem-i-kris'tal-in),a. Half or imperfectly crystallized. Semicubical (sem-i-küb'ik-al), a. In conic sections, applied to a species of parabola defined by this property, that the cubes of the ordinates are proportional to the squares of the corresponding abscissas. This curve is the evolute of the common parabola. Semicubium, Semicupium (sem-i-ku'bium, sem-i-ku'pi-um), n. [L.L., from semi, half, and cupa, a tun, a cask.] A half-bath, or one that covers only the lower extremities and hips. [Rare.]] Semicylinder (sem-i-sil'in-dêr), n. cylinder. Semi-cylindric, Semi-cylindrical (sem'isi-lindrik, sem'i-si-lin"drik-al), a. Halfcylindrical. Semi-cylindrical leaf, in bot. one that is elongated, flat on one side, round on the other.

Half a

Semi- demi-semiquaver (sem'i-dem-isem'i-kwa-vér), n. In music, a note of half the duration of a demi-semiquaver; the sixty-fourth part of a semibreve.

In

In

Semi-detached (sem'i-de-tacht"), a. Partly separated: applied to one of two houses which are detached from other buildings, and joined together by a single party-wall; as, a semi-detached villa. Semi-diameter (sem'i-di-am"et-ér), n. Half a diameter; a radius. Semi-diapason (sem'i-di-a-pā ̋zon), n. music, an imperfect octave, or an octave diminished by a lesser semitone. Semi-diapente (sem'i-di-a-pen"tē), n. music, an imperfect or diminished fifth. Semi-diaphaneity (sem'i-di-a-fa-nē"i-ti), n. Half or imperfect transparency. Boyle. Semi-diaphanous (sem'i-di-af''an-us), a. Half or imperfectly transparent. 'A semiWoodward. diaphanous grey.' Semi-diatessaron (sem'i-di-a-tes"sa-ron), n. In music, an imperfect or diminished fourth. Semi-ditone (sem'i-di-tön), n. In music, a minor third.

Semi-diurnal (sem'i-di-érnal), a. 1. Pertaining to or accomplished in half a day or twelve hours; continuing half a day.-2. Pertaining to or accomplished in six hours.Semi-diurnal arc, in astron. the arc described by a heavenly body in half the time between its rising and setting. Semi-dome (sem'i-dōm), n. Half a dome, especially as formed by a vertical section. Semi-double (sem-i-dubl), n. An inferior or secondary ecclesiastical festival, ranking next above a simple feast or bare commemoration. Rev. F. G. Lee.

Semi-double (sem-i-du'bl), a. In bot. having the outermost stamens converted into petals while the inner ones remain perfect: said of a flower.

A mixture of Semi-fable (sem'i-fa-bl), n. truth and fable; a narrative partly fabulous and partly true. De Quincey. [Rare.] Half-bent. Semi-flexed (sem'i-flekst), a. Semi-floscular (sem-i-flos'ku-lèr), a. Same as Semi-flosculous.

SEMINARY

Semi-flosculous, Semi-flosculose (sem-i-
flos'ku-lus, sem-i-flos'kü-los), a. [Semi, and
L. flosculus, a little flower.] In bot. having
the corolla split and turned to one side, as
in the ligule of composites.
Semi-fluid (sem-i-flu'id), a. Imperfectly
fluid.

Semi-formed (sem'i-förmd), a. Half-formed;
imperfectly formed; as, a semi-formed crys-
tal.

Semi-horal (sem-i-hō'ral), a. Half-hourly. Semi-ligneous (sem-i-lig'ně-us), a. Half or partially ligneous or woody. In bot. applied to a stem which is woody at the base and herbaceous at the top, as the common rue, sage, and thyme.

Semi-liquid (sem-i-lik'wid), a. Half-liquid; semi-fluid.

The

'A semi

Semi-liquidity (sem'i-lik-wid"i-ti), n. state of being semi-liquid; partial liquidity. Semilor (sem'i-lor), n. [Prefix semi, half, and Fr. l'or, gold.] An alloy, consisting of five parts of copper and one of zinc, used for manufacturing cheap jewelry, &c. Semilunar (sem-i-lü'ner), a. [Fr. sémilunaire L. semi, half, and luna, the moon. ] Resembling in form a half-moon. lunar ridge.' N. Grew.-Semilunar cartilages, in anat. two fibro-cartilages which exist between the condyles of the os femoris and the articulate surfaces of the tibia. Semilunar ganglia, in anat. the ganglia formed by the great sympathetic nerve on its entrance into the abdomen, from which nerves are sent to all the viscera.-Semilunar notch, in anat. an indentation in the form of a half-moon between the coracoid process and the superior border of the scapula. Semilunar valves, in anat. the three valves at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and aorta: so named from their half-moon shape.

In anat.

Semilunary, Semilunate (sem-i-lū'na-ri), sem-i-lu'nat), a. Semilunar. A semilunary form.' Sir T. Herbert. Semi-membranous (sem-i-mem'bra-nus), a. Half or partially membranous. applied to a muscle of the thigh, from the long flat membrane-like tendon at its upper part. It serves to bend the leg. Semi-menstrual (sem-i-men'stro-al), a. [L. semi, half, and menstrualis, monthly. Halfmonthly; specifically, applied to an inequality of the tide which goes through its changes every half-month.

Semi-metal (sem'i-met-al), n. In old chem. a metal that is not malleable, as bismuth, arsenic, nickel, cobalt, antimony, manganese, &c.

Per

Semi-metallic (sem'i-me-tal"ik), a. taining to a semi-metal; partially metallic in character.

Semi-minim (sem'i-min-im), n. In music, a half minim or crotchet.

Semi-mute (sem'i-müt), a. Applied to a person who, owing to losing the sense of hearing, has lost also to a great extent the faculty of speech, or who, owing to congenital deafness, has never perfectly acquired that faculty.

Semi-mute (sem'i-mût), n. A semi-mute

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-Seminal leaf, the same as Seed-leaf. Seminalt (sem'in-al),n. Seminal state. "The seminals of other iniquities.' Sir T. Browne. The state of Seminality (sem-i-nal'i-ti), N. being seminal, the power of being produced. Sir T. Browne. Seminarian, Seminarist (sem-i-na'ri-an, sem'in-a-rist), n. A member of a seminary; specifically, an English Roman Catholie priest educated in a foreign seminary. Seminarists now come from Rome to pervert souls. Sheldon. Seminary (sem'i-na-ri), n. [Fr. séminaire; L. seminarium, from semen, seminis, seed, from root of sero, satum, to sow.] 1. A seed-plot; ground where seed is sown for producing plants for transplantation; a nursery; as, to transplant trees from a seminary. Mortimer.-2.+ The place or original stock whence anything is brought.

This stratum, being the seminary or promptuary, that furnishes forth matter for the formation and increment of animal and vegetable bodies. Woodward.

SEMINARY

3. A place of education; any school, academy, college, or university in which young persons are instructed in the several branches of learning which may qualify them for their future employments.-4. A seminary priest; a Roman Catholic priest educated In a seminary; a seminarist.

A while agone, they made me, yea me, to mistake an honest zealous pursuivant for a seminary.

B. Fonson. Seminary (sem'i-na-ri), a. 1. Seminal; belonging to seed. Seminary vessels.' Dr. John Smith.-2. Trained or educated in a foreign seminary: said of a Roman Catholic priest. All jesuits, seminary priests, and other priests.' Hallam

Seminatet (sem'i-nāt), v.t. pret. & pp. seminated; ppr. seminating. [L. semino, seminatum, to BOW. See SEMEN.] To sow; to spread; to propagate. Doctors, who first seminated learning. Waterhouse. Semination (sem-i-na'shon), n. [L. seminatio, seminationis, from semino. See SEMEN.] 1. The act of sowing; the act of disseminating. Evelyn.-2. In bot. the natural dispersion of seeds; the process of seeding. The seeds of plants are dispersed in various ways. Some are heavy enough to fall directly to the ground; others are furnished with a pappus or down, by means of which they are dispersed by the wind; while others are contained in elastic capsules, which, bursting open with considerable force, scatter the seeds.

Semined (se'mind), a. Thick covered, as with seeds. Her garments blue, and semined with stars.' B. Jonson,

Seminiferous (sem-i-nif'èr-us), a. [L. semen, seminis, seed, and fero, to produce.] Seedbearing: producing seed.

Seminific, Seminifical (sem-i-nif'ik, sem-inif'ik-al), a [L. semen, seminis, seed, and facio, to make.] Forming or producing

seed or semen. Seminification (semʼin-if-i-kā"shon), n. Propagation from the seed or seminal parts. Sir M. Hale. [Rare.]

Seminole (semi-nol), n. and a. [Amer. Indian, wild, reckless] One of, or belonging to, a tribe of American Indians, originally a vagrant offshoot from the Creeks. They gave great trouble to the settlers in Georgia and Florida, and after a tedious war the remains of the tribe were removed to the Indian territory beyond the Mississippi. Semi-nude (sem'i-nud), a. Partially nude; half naked.

Semi-nymph (sem'i-nimf), n. In entom, the nymph of insects which undergo a slight change only in passing to a perfect state. Semiography (sé-mi-og'ra-fì), n. Same as Semeiography.

Semiological (sé’mi-õ-loj”ik-al), a. Same as Semeiological.

Semiology (se-mi-ol'o-ji), n. [Gr. sẽmeion, a sign, and logos, discourse.] Same as Semeiotica.

Semi-opacoust (sem'i-o-på"kus), a. Semiopaque. Boyle.

Semi-opal (sem-i-o'pal), n. A variety of opal not possessing opalescence. Semi-opaque (sem'i-o-pāk"), a. Half transparent only; half opaque. Semi-orbicular (sem'i-or-bik”ú-lér),a. Having the shape of a half orb or sphere. Semi-ordinate (sem-i-or'din-át), n. In conic sections, see ORDINATE. Semiotic (se-mi-ot'ik), a. Same as Semeiotic. Semiotics (se-mi-ot'iks), n. See SEMEIOTICS.

Semi-palmate, Semi-palmated (sem-ipal'mat, sem-i-pal'mät-ed), a. In zool. having the feet webbed only partly down the

toes.

In pros. con

Semi-parabola (sem'i-pa-rab'ō-la), n. In math a curve of such a nature that the powers of its ordinates are to each other as the next lower powers of its abscissas. Semiped (sem'i-ped), n. [Semi, and L pes, pedis, a foot. In pros. a half-foot. Semipedal (sem-i-pe'dal), a. taining a half-foot. Semi-Pelagian (sem'i-pe-la"ji-an), n. In eccles hist a follower of John Cassianus, a monk who, about the year 430, modified the doctrines of Pelagius, by maintaining that grace was necessary to salvation, but that, on the other hand, our natural faculties were sufficient for the commencement of repentance and amendment; that Christ died for all men; that his grace was equally offered to all men; that man was born free, and therefore capable of receiving its influences or resisting them.

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Par

Semi-Pelagian (sem'i-pē-lā”ji-an), a. Pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians or their tenets. Semi-Pelagianism (sem'i-pe-lā"ji-an-izm), N. The doctrines or tenets of the SemiPelagians. Semi-pellucid (sem'i-pel-lü"sid), a. tially pellucid; imperfectly transparent; as, a semi-pellucid gem. Semi-plantigrade (sem-i-planʼti-gråd), a. In zool. applied to certain families of mammals, as the Viverrida or civets, and the Mustelidae or weasels, in which a portion of the sole of the hind-feet at least is applied to the ground in walking. Semi-quadrate, Semi-quartile (sem'ikwod-rat, sem'i-kwar-til), n. [L. semi, and quadratus, quadrate, or quartus, fourth.] In astrol. an aspect of two planets when distant from each other the half of a quadrant, or 45 degrees.

Semiquaver (sem'i-kwa-ver), n. In music, a note of half the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the semibreve. Semiquaver

Semiquavers.

(sem'i-kwa-vér), v.t. To sound or sing in, or as in, semiquavers.

With wire and catgut he concludes the day, Quav'ring and semiquav'ring care away. Cowper. Semi-Quietist (sem-i-kwi'et-ist), n. One of

a sect of mystics who, while maintaining with the Quietists that the most perfect state of the soul is passive contemplation, yet maintains the incompatibility of this state with any external sinful or sensual action.

Semiquintile (sem'i-kwin-til), n. In astrol. an aspect of two planets when distant from each other half of the quintile, or 36 degrees. Semi-recondite (sem-i-rek'on-dit), a. Halfhidden or concealed; specifically, in zool. applied to the head of an insect half concealed within the shield of the thorax. Semi-septate (sem-i-sep'tat), a. In bot. halfpartitioned; having a dissepiment which does not project into the cavity to which it belongs sufficiently to cut it off into two separate cells.

Semi-sextile (sem'i-seks-til), n. In astrol. an aspect of two planets when they are distant from each other the half of a sextile, or 30 degrees.

Semi-smile (sem'i-smil), n. A half laugh; a forced grin. A doleful and doubtful semismile of welcome.' Lord Lytton. Semisoun, tn. A half-sound; a low or broken tone. Chaucer.

Semi-spheric, Semi-spherical (sem-i-sfer'ik, sem-i-sfer'ik-al), a. "Having the figure of a half sphere.

Semi-spinal (sem'i-spi-nal), a. In anat. applied to two muscles connected with the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebræ.

Semi-steel (sem'i-stel), n. A name given in the United States to puddled steel. Semi-tangent (sem'i-tan-jent), n. In math. the tangent of half an arc. Semite (sem'it), n. A descendant of Shem; one of the Semitic race. See under SEMITIC. Written also Shemite.

In

Semite (sem'it), a. Of or belonging to Shem or his descendants. Written also Shemite. Semitendinose (sem-i-ten'din-öz), a. anat. applied to a muscle situated obliquely along the back part of the thigh. It assists in bending the leg, and at the same time draws it a little inwards. Semitertian (sem-i-tér'shi-an), a. In med. applied to a fever possessing both the characters of the tertian and quotidian intermittent. Dunglison.

Semitertian (sem-i-tér'shi-an), n. A semitertian fever.

Semitic (se-mit'ik), a. Relating to Shem or his reputed descendants; pertaining to the Hebrew race or any of those kindred to it, as the Arabians, the ancient Phoenicians, and the Assyrians. Semitic or Shemitic languages, an important group or family of languages distinguished by triliteral verbal roots and vowel inflection. It comprises three branches-Northern, Aramæan, Aramaic or Chaldean; Central or Canaanitish; and Southern or Arabic. These have been subdivided as follows:-(1)Aramaan, including Eastern and Western Aramæan; the Eastern embraces the Assyrian, the Babylonian, from which several dialects originated, as the Chaldaic, the Syro-Chaldaic; and the Samaritan. The Western Aramæan includes the Syriac dialect, the Palmyrene, and the

SEMPSTRESS

Sabian idiom, a corrupted Syriac dialect. (2) Canaanitish comprises the Phoenician language, with its dialect the Punic or Carthaginian, and the Hebrew with the Rabbinic dialect. (3) Arabic proper, from which originated the Ethiopian or Abyssinian. Semitism (sem'it-izm), n. A Semitic idiom or word; the adoption of what is peculiarly Semitic.

Semitone (sem'i-tōn), n. In music, half a tone; an interval of sound, as between mi and fa in the diatonic scale, which is only half the distance of the interval between ut (do) and re, or sol and la. A semitone, strictly speaking, is not half a tone, as there are three kinds of semitones-greater, lesser, and natural.

Semitonic (sem-i-ton'ik), a. Pertaining to a semitone; consisting of a semitone or of semitones.

Semi-transept (sem'i-tran-sept), n. The half of a transept or cross aisle. Semi-transparency (sem'i-trans-på"ren-si), n. Imperfect transparency; partial opaque.

ness.

Semi-transparent (sem'i-trans-på"rent), a. Half or imperfectly transparent. Semi-vitrification (sem-i-vit'ri-fl-kā"shon), N. 1. The state of being imperfectly vitrified.-2. A substance imperfectly vitrified. Semi-vitrified (sem-i-vit'ri-fid), a. Half or imperfectly vitrified; partially converted into glass.

Semi-vocal (sem'i-võ-kal), a. Pertaining to a semi-vowel; half-vocal; imperfectly sounding.

Semi-vowel (sem'i-vou-el), n. A half-vowel; a sound partaking of the nature of both a Vowel and a consonant; an articulation which is accompanied with an imperfect sound, which may be continued at pleasure, as the sounds of l, m, r. Also, the sign representing such a sound. Semmit (sem'mit), n.

[Perhaps a contr. of Fr. chemisette] An undershirt, generally woollen. [Scotch.]

Semnopithecus (sem'nō-pi-thē"kus), n. [Gr. semnos, august, venerable, and pithekos, an ape.] A genus of catarhine or Old World apes, having long slender tails, well-developed canine teeth, and tuberculate molars. One of the most familiar species, S. Entellus, the sacred monkey of the Hindus, is of a grayish or grayish-brown colour, with black hands, feet, and face. All the species are natives of Asia and Asiatic islands. Semola, Semolella (sem'o-la, sem-ō-lellä), n. Same as Semolina. Semolina (sem-o-li'na), n. [It. semolino.] A name given to the large hard grains retained in the bolting-machine after the fine flour has been passed through it. It is of various degrees of fineness, and is often made intentionally in considerable quantities, being a favourite food in France, and to some extent used in Britain for making puddings. See MANNA-CROUP. Semoule (sa-möl), n. [Fr.] Same as Semolina.

Sempervirent (sem-per-vi'rent), a. (L. semper, always, and virens, virentis, flourishing] Always fresh; evergreen. Sempervive (seni'pèr-viv), n. The houseleek. Bacon. See SEMPERVIVUM. Sempervivum (sem-per-vi'vum), n. [L.,from semper, always, and vivus, living.] A genus of plants which includes the house-leek. See HOUSE-LEEK.

Sempiternal (sem-pi-tèr'nal), a. [Fr. sempiternel; L. sempiternus-semper, always, and eternus, eternal.] 1. Eternal in futurity; everlasting; endless; having beginning, but no end.

Those, though they suppose the world not to be eternal, a parte ante,' are not contented to suppose it to be sempiternal, or eternal, 'a parte post,' Sir M. Hale. 2. Eternal; everlasting; without beginning or end.

Sempiternity (sem-pi-tér'ni-ti), n. [L. semSee SEMPITERNAL.] piternitas. Future duration without end. The future eternity or sempiternity of the world.' Sir M. Hale. Semple (sem'pl), a. Simple; low-born; of mean birth: opposed to gentle. [Scotch.] Sempre (sem'pra). [It] In music, always or throughout. Sempster (semp'stér), n. A seamster (which

see).

He supposed that Walton had given up his busiBoswell. ness as a linen-draper and sempster. Sempstress (semp'stres), n. [A. Sax. seamestre, a sempstress, with term. -ess.] A woman who lives by needle-work. Swift.

SEMPSTRESSY

Sempstressy (semp'stres-i), n. See SEAM

STRESSY.

Semuncia (se-mun'si-a), n. [L. semi, half, and uncia, the twelfth part of an as.] A small Roman coin of the weight of four drachms, being the twenty-fourth part of the Roman pound.

Sent (sen), adv. Since.

Senary (sen'a-ri), a. (L. senarius, from seni, six each, from sex, six.] Of six; belonging to six; containing six.

Senate (sen'at), n. [Fr. sénat, from L. senatus, from senex, senis, old, aged; Gr. henos, Skr. sanas, old.] 1. An assembly or council of citizens invested with a share in the government of a state; as, (a) originally, in ancient Rome, a body of elderly citizens appointed or elected from among the nobles of the state, and having supreme legislative power. The number of senators during the best period of the Roman republic was 300. (b) The upper or less numerous branch of a legislature in various countries, as in France, in the United States, in most of the separate states of the Union, and in some Swiss cantons. Hence, (c) in general, a legislative body; a state council; the legislative department of a government. The crown, the senate, and the bench.' A. Fonblanque.2. The governing body of the University of Cambridge. It is divided into two houses, named regents and non-regents. The former consists of Masters of Arts of less than five years' standing, and doctors of less than two, and is called the upper house or white-hood house, from its members wearing hoods lined with white silk. All other masters and doctors who keep their names on the college books are non-regents, and compose the lower house or black-hood house, from its members wearing black hoods.

Senate-chamber (sen'ät-cham-bẻr), n. A chamber or hall in which a senate assembles.

Senate-house (sen'at-hous), n. A house in which a senate meets, or a place of public council. Shak.

Senator (sen'at-or), n. 1. A member of a senate. In Scotland the lords of session are called senators of the college of justice. 2. In old English law, a member of the king's council; a king's councillor. Burrill. Senatorial (sen-a-to'ri-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a senate; becoming a senator; as, senatorial robes; senatorial eloquence.

Go on, brave youths, till, in some future age, Whips shall become the senatorial badge. T. Wharton, 2. In the United States, entitled to elect a senator; as, a senatorial district. Senatorially (sen-a-to'ri-al-li), adv. In a senatorial manner; in a way becoming a senator; with dignity or solemnity.

The mother was cheerful; the father senatorially grave. A. Drummond.

Senatorian (sen-a-to'ri-an), a. Same as Senatorial.

Propose your schemes, ye senatorian band, Whose ways and means support the sinking land. Johnson. Senatorioust (sen-a-tō'ri-us), a. Senatorial. Senatorship (sen'at-or-ship), n. The office or dignity of a senator. Richard Carew. Senatus (se-na'tus), n. [L] A senate; a governing body in certain universities.Senatus academicus, one of the governing bodies in Scotch universities, consisting of the principal and professors, and charged with the superintendence and regulation of discipline, the administration of the university property and revenues, subject to the control and review of the university court, and the conferring of degrees through the chancellor or vice-chancellor.-Senatus consultum, a decree of the ancient Roman senate, pronounced on some question or point of law.

Sencet (sens), n. Sense; feeling; sympathy. Spenser

Send (send), v. t. pret. & pp. sent; ppr. sending. [A. Sax. sendan, to send, pret. ic sende, I sent; O. Fris., Icel. senda, Dan. sende, D. zenden, G. senden, Goth. sandjan, to send, lit. to make to go; Goth. sinthan, to go, from sinths, A. Sax. sith, a path; cog. Skr. sadh, to go.] 1. To cause to go or pass from one place to another; to despatch.

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3. To impel; to propel; to throw; to cast; to hurl; as, this gun sends a ball 2000 yards. In his right hand he held a trembling dart Whose fellow he before had sent apart. Spenser. 4. To commission, authorize, or direct to go and act.

I have not sent these prophets, yet they ran. Jer. xxii. 21. 5. To cause to take place; to cause to come; to bestow; to inflict.

He... sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. Mat. v. 45The Lord shall send upon thee cursing, vexation, and rebuke. Deut. xxviii. 20. 'God send him well.'

6. To cause to be. Shak.

Send her victorious,

Happy and glorious. National Anthem.

7. Before certain verbs of motion, to cause to do the act indicated by the principal verb. It always, however, implies impulsion or propulsion; as, to send one packing.

He flung him out into the open air with a violence which sent him staggering several yards. Warren. Shall we be at once split asunder into innumerable fragments, and sent "drifting through indefinite space. Warren.

The royal troops instantly fired such a volley of musketry as sent the rebel horse flying in all direcMacaulay.

tions.

-To send forth or out, (a) to produce; to put or bring forth; as, a tree sends forth branches. (b) To emit; as, flowers send forth their fragrance. Send (send), v. i.

1. To despatch a message;

to despatch an agent or messenger for some purpose.

See ye how this son of a murderer hath sent to take away mine head? 2 Ki. vi. 32.

2. Naut. to pitch precipitately into the hollow or interval between two waves: with sended as pret.

She sended forward heavily and sickly on the long swell. She never rose to the opposite heave of the sea again. Mich. Scott. -To send for, to request or require by message to come or be brought; as, to send for a physician; to send for a coach. Send (send), n. The motion of the waves, or the impetus given by their motion. Sendal (sen'dal), n. [Ó. Fr. and Sp. cendal, sendal; L. L. cendalum, usually derived from Gr. sindon, a fine Indian cloth, from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name of the river Indus, whence the name India is derived.] A light thin stuff of silk or thread.

Sails of silk and ropes of sendal,

Such as glean in ancient lore. Longfellow. Sender (send'èr), n. One that sends. Shak. Senebiera (sen'e-bi-ē"ra), n. [In honour of John de Senebier, of Geneva, a vegetable physiologist.] A genus of plants, nat. order Cruciferæ; sometimes called Coronopus. S. Coronopus (common wart-cress) is a native of Europe and North America, and was formerly eaten as a salad. S. didyma is a native of Great Britain, growing on waste ground near the sea. S. nilotica is eaten as a salad in Egypt. They are insignificant weeds with prostrate diffuse stems, finely divided leaves, and small white flowers. Seneca (sen'ē-ka), n. See SENEGA. Seneca-oil (sen'ē-ka-oil), n. A name for petroleum or naphtha, from its having originally been collected and sold by the Seneca Indians.

Seneca-root (sen'ē-ka-röt), n. See SENEGA. Senecio (se-ne'shi-o), n. [From L. senex, an old man; the receptacle is naked and resembles a bald head.] A genus of plants, known by the common names of groundsel and ragwort. See GROUNDSEL, RAGWORT. Senectitude (sē-nek'ti-tūd), n. [L. senectus. old age, from senex, old.] Old age. Senectitude, weary of its toils. H. Miller. [Rare.] Senega, Seneka (sen'é-ga, sen'ē-ka), n. A drug consisting of the root of a plant called also senega, seneca, and rattlesnake-root, of the genus Polygala, the P. Senega, a native of the United States. The drug is said to have been used as an antidote to the effects of the bite of the rattlesnake. It is now almost exclusively used in cough mixtures, being similar in its effects to squill. See POLYGALA.

Senegal (sen'e-gal). See GUM-SENEGAL Senescence (sé-nes'sens), n. [L. senesco, from senex, old.] The state of growing old; decay by time.

The earth and all things will continue in the state wherein they now are, without the least senescence or decay. Woodward. Senescent (se-nes'sent).a. Beginning to grow old. 'Now as the night was senescent.' E. A. Poe.

SENNA

Seneschal (sen'es-shal), n. [Fr. sénéchal, O. Fr. seneschal, L. L. senescallus, senescalcus, O.G. senescalh-sene, old = L. senex, and scale, scalh, a servant (seen also in mar shal).] An officer in the houses of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintendence of feasts and domestic ceremonies; a steward. In some instances the seneschal was an officer who had the dispensing of justice.

Seneschal is a word rarely used except by persons who affect a kind of refinement of style, which they think is attained by using words of exotic growth rather than words the natural growth of their own soil. In poetry and romance writing it is sometimes used for a principal officer in the household of distinguished persons, when it is thought that the word steward would be too familiar. Penny Cyclopedia. Seneschalship (sen'es-shal-ship), n.

office of seneschal.

The

Senge, v.t. To singe. Chaucer. Sengreen (sen'grên), n. [G. singrün, a plant, as periwinkle-sin, a root, signifying strength, force, duration, and grün, green.] A plant, the house-leek, of the genus Sempervivum. Senile (se'nil), a. [L. senilis, from senex, old. See SENATE.] Pertaining to old age; proceeding from age; especially pertaining to or proceeding from the weaknesses usually accompanying old age; as, senile garrulity; senile drivel. 'Senile maturity of judgment. Boyle.

Loss of colour of the hair may be accidental, premature, or senile. Copland.

The state of being

Senility (se-nil'i-ti), n. senile; old age. Boswell. Senior (se'ni-ér), a. [L. senior, compar of senex, old.] 1. More advanced in age; older; elder: when following a personal name, as John Smith, senior (usually contracted senr. or sen.), it denotes the eldest of two persons in one family or community of that name. 2. Higher or more advanced in rank, office, or the like; as, a senior pastor, officer, member of parliament, &c.Senior wrangler. See WRANGLER. Senior (se'ni-ér), n. 1. A person who is older than another; one more advanced in life.

He (Pope) died in May, 1744, about a year and a half before his friend Swift, who, more than twenty years his senior, had naturally anticipated that he should be the first to depart. Craik,

2. One that is older in office, or whose first entrance upon an office was anterior to that of another; one prior or superior in rank or office.-3. A student in the fourth year of the curriculum in American colleges; also, one in the third year in certain professional seminaries.-4. An aged person; one of the oldest inhabitants. A senior of the place replies.' Dryden.

Seniority (se-ni-or'i-ti), n. 1. State of being senior; superior age; priority of birth; as, he is the elder brother, and entitled to the place by seniority. 2. Priority or superiority in rank or office; as, the seniority of a pastor or an officer.-3. An assembly or court consisting of the senior fellows of a college.

The dons were not slow to hear of what had happened, and they regarded the matter in so serious a light, that they summoned a seniority for its immediate investigation.

Farrar.

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Senna (sen'na), n. [Ar. sena, senna.] The leaves of various species of Cassia, the best of which are natives of the East. The British Pharmacopoeia recognizes two kinds of senna, the Alexandrian and the Tinnevelly. Alexandrian senna (Senna Alexandrina) consists of the lance-shaped leaflets of C. lanceolata and the obovate ones of C. obovata, carefully freed from the flowers, pods, and leaf-stalks. It is grown in Nubia and Upper Egypt, and imported in large bales from Alexandria. It is liable to be adulterated by an admixture of the leaves, flowers, and fruit of the argel (Solenostemma Argel). Tinnevelly or East Indian senna (Senna Indica) is a very fine kind, and consists of the large lance-shaped leaflets of C.elongata. The leaflets of C. obovata are from their shape called also blunt-leaved senna, and from their place of export Aleppo senna. The true senna leaves are distinctly ribbed and thin, and generally pointed, and are readily distinguished from the leaves of argel by their unequally oblique base and

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