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XIPHODON

segment of the sternum, corresponding to the xiphoid cartilage of human anatomy. Xiphodon (zif'o-don), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and odous, odontos, a tooth.] A genus of fossil mammals, closely allied to Anoplotherium, of which two species have been ascertained.

Xiphoid (zif'oid), a. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and eidos, likeness.] Shaped like or resembling a sword; ensiform.-Xiphoid or ensiform cartilage, in anat. a small cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast-bone. Xiphoidian (zi-foid'i-an), a. Of or pertaining to the xiphoid cartilage. Xiphophyllous (zif-of'i-lus), a. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and phyllon, a leaf.] In bot, having ensiform leaves.

Xiphosura (zif-o-su'ra), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and oura, a tail.] An order of crustaceans, so called from the long sword-like appendage with which the body terminates. They are represented solely by the Limuli or king-crabs. See KING-CRAB. Xiphoteuthis (zif-o-tu'this), n. [Gr. xiphos, a sword, and teuthis, a squid.] A genus of Belemnites, characterized by a very long, narrow,deep-chambered phragmacone. Only a single species is known from the lias. See BELEMNITIDE.

Xylanthrax (zi-lanʼthraks), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and anthrax, coal.] Woodcoal; boveycoal.

Xylene (zīlēn), n. In chem. see XYLOL. Xylidine (zili-din), n. Same as Xyloidine. Xylite (zi'lit), n. [Gr. xylon, wood.] The name given to ligniform asbestos, mountain wood, or rock-wood.

Xylobalsamum (zi-lō-bal'sa-mum), n. 1. The wood of the balsam-tree.-2. A balsam obtained by decoction of the twigs and leaves of the Amyris gileadensis in water. Xylobius (zi-lō'bi-us), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and bios, life.] A genus of fossil insects, supposed to be myriapods of the order Chilognatha, discovered in trunks of Sigillaria, one of the most characteristic trees of the carboniferous age.

Xylocarp (zi'lō-kärp), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and karpos, fruit.] In bot a hard and woody fruit. Xylocarpous (zi-ló-kär'pus), a. [Gr. xylon, wood, and karpos, fruit.] Having fruit which becomes hard or woody. Xylocopa (zi-lok'o-pa), n. [Gr. xylos, wood, and kope, a cutting, incision.] The carpenter-bee, a genus of hymenopterous insects with sharp-pointed mandibles which bore holes in wood. It is an extensive genus. See CARPENTER-BEE.

Xylograph (zi'ló-graf), n. [See XYLOGRAPHY. An engraving on wood, or an impression from such an engraving.

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Xylographer (zi-logʻra-fér), n. One who engraves on wood.

Xylographic, Xylographical (zi-lō-graf'ik, zi-lo-graf'ik-al), a. Relating to xylography.

Xylography (zi-logʻra-fi), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and graphs, to engrave.] 1. Wood engraving; the act or art of cutting figures or designs in wood.-2. A name given to a process of decorative painting on wood. A selected pattern or design is drawn on wood which is then engraved, or the design is reproduced in zinc by the ordinary method. An electrotype cast is taken from the woodcut or zinc plate, and smooth surfaces of wood are printed from the electrotype, under a regulated pressure, with pigments prepared for the purpose. The colour penetrates the wood, leaving no outside film, and after being French polished or covered with a fluid enamel the wood may be washed, scrubbed, or even sand-papered without destroying the pattern. Ure. Xyloid (zi'loid), a. [Gr. xylon, wood, and eidos, form.] Having the nature of wood; resembling wood.

Xyloidine (zi-loi'din), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and eidos, resemblance.] (CHNO,.) An explosive compound produced by the action of strong nitric acid upon starch or woody fibre. Called also Xylidine.

Xylol, Xylole (zi'lōl), n. (C§H10) A hydrocarbon,analogous to benzol and toluol, found among the oils separated from crude woodspirit by the addition of water. Called also Xylene.

Xylophaga (zi-lof'a-ga), n. pl. [Gr. xylon, wood, and phago, I eat.] A group of coleopterous insects noted for their habit of excavating wood. They resemble the weevils, but are distinguished from them by the absence of a proboscis. Xylophagan (zi-lof ́a-gan), n. An insect of the group Xylophaga.

Xylophagidae (zi-lo-faj'i-dē), n. pl. A family of Diptera or flies, the members of which have the antennæ ten-jointed, and are furnished with a long ovipositor. The larva is cylindrical, and has a scaly plate on the tail, the head ending in an acute point. They are very destructive to wood. Xylophagous (zi-lof'a-gus), a. (Gr. xylon, wood, and phagō, to eat.] Eating or feeding on wood.

Xylophagus (zi-lofa-gus), n. The typical genus of the family Xylophagidæ. Xylophilan (zi-lof'i-lan), n. An insect belonging to the Xylophili

Xylophili (zi-lof'i-li), n. pl. [Gr. xylon, wood, and philes, to love.] A tribe of gigantic coleopterous insects, which live on decayed

YACHT-CLUB

wood. They chiefly inhabit tropical coun

tries.

Xylophilous (zi-lof'i-lus), a. Growing upon or living in wood.

Xylophylla (zi-lof′il-a), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and phyllon, a leaf.] A genus of Euphorbiaceæ, or, as some regard it, a section of Phyllanthus, consisting of shrubs without leaves, but whose branches are flattened out and leaf-like, bearing the flowers in tufts in the notches of the margin. They are natives of the West Indies, and are named from the singular appearance of their leaf-like branches.

Xylopia (zi-lō'pi-a), n. [Said to be contracted for Xylopieria, from Gr. xylon, wood, and pikros, bitter.] A genus of plants, nat. order Anonaces. The species are trees or shrubs, natives chiefly of South America. X. aromatica is known by the name of African pepper. The fruit of X. grandiflora is a valuable remedy for fevers in Brazil. wood of all is bitter; hence they are called bitter-woods.

The

Xylopyrography (zi'lō-pi-rogʼra-fi), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, pyr, pyros, fire, and graphō, to write.] The art or process of producing a picture on wood by charring it with a hot iron. Called also Poker-painting. Xyloretine (zi'lō-re-tin), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and rhetině, resin.] A sub-fossil resinous substance, found in connection with the pine-trunks of certain peat-mosses. Xylotile (zi'lō-til), n. [Gr. xylon, wood, and tilos, flock or down.] 1. An opaque, glimmering, light or dark brown or green mineral, of a delicately fibrous texture, consisting chiefly of silica, sesquioxide of iron, magnesia, and water.-2. Same as Parkesine. Xyridaceae (zi-ri-da'sē-ē), n. pl. [Gr. xyris, an iridaceous plant, from xyron, a razor: from shape of its leaves.] A nat. order of monocotyledonous rush-like or sedge-like herbs, the species of which are found over the tropics in both hemispheres. The order comprises two genera, Xyris and Abolboda, to which some botanists add Philydrum. Xyst, Xystos (zist, zis'tos), n. [L. xystus, Gr. xystos, from xyo, to scrape, from its smooth and polished floor.] In anc. arch. a sort of covered portico or open court, of great length in proportion to its width, in which the athlete performed their exercises. Written also Xystus. Xystarch (zis'tärk), n. [Gr. xystos, xyst, and archō, to rule.] Án Athenian officer who presided over the gymnastic exercises of the xystos.

Xyster (zis'tér), n. [Gr. xystër, from xyō, to scrape.] A surgeon's instrument for scraping bones.

Y.

In

Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, was taken from the Latin, the Latin having borrowed it from the Greek Tor upsilon. In the Anglo-Saxon alphabet it was always a vowel, and is believed to have had a sound resembling that of French u or German , this being also the sound which the Greek T is believed to have had. modern English it is both a consonant and a vowel, and seldom or never is the historical representative of A. Sax. y, this being usually represented by i. At the beginning of syllables and followed by a vowel it is a consonant of the palatal class, being formed by bringing the middle of the tongue in contact with the palate, and nearly in the position to which the g hard brings it. Hence it has happened that in a great number of words g has been softened into y, as A. Sax. gear into year, geornian into yearn, dæg into day. As an adjective termination it commonly represents A. Sax. -ig, as in stony =A. Sax. stanig, greedy = A. Sax. grædig, hungry A. Sax. hungrig, many A. Sax. mænig. In some nouns it also represents the term. -ig, as in honey A. Sax. hunig, withy A. Sax. withig. In the term. -ly it stands for ic or ice, as in godly = A. Sax. god-| lic, friendly = A. Sax. freondlic, fully=A. Sax. fullice, hardly A. Sax heardlice, &c. In words of Romance origin the term. -y often represents Fr. ie, L. -ia, as in history, modesty, memory, victory; it also represents

L. -ium, the noun termination, as in study, | remedy, subsidy, &c., or the adjective term. -ius, as in notary, contrary, secondary, &c. In nouns ending in -ty the -ty represents Fr. -té, L. -tas, -tatis, as in vanity, calamity, &c. In the middle and at the end of words y is a vowel, and is precisely the same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in defy, rely, dying; and as i short when unaccented, as in vanity, glory, synonymous. As a consonant this letter bears much the same relation to i (short) as w does to u; thus i short has in certain positions-as in the ia of Christian-a tendency to pass into y. Y is sometimes called the Pythagorean letter, from its Greek original representing, by means of its three limbs, the sacred triad, formed by the duad proceeding from the monad. In chem. Y is the symbol of yttrium.-Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and with a dash over it, Y, for 150.000. Y-. A common prefix in Old English words, as in y-clept, y-clad, &c., representing A.Sax. ge-, which assumed this form by the common weakening of g to y. The meaning of words with this prefix is usually the same as if it were absent. See GE. Ya, adv. Yea; yes. Chaucer. Yacare (yak'a-ră), n. The native name of a Brazilian alligator (Jacare sclerops), having a ridge from eye to eye, fleshy eyelids, and small webs to the feet; the spectacled cayman. Written also Jacare.

The orna

Yacca-wood (yak-a-wöd), n. mental wood of Podocarpus coriacea, a small tree of Jamaica. It is of a pale-brown colour with streaks of hazel-brown, and is much used in the West Indies for cabinet work.

Yacht (yot), n. [O. D. jacht, Mod. D. jagt, a yacht, a chase, hunting, from jagen, to chase, to hunt, to hurry; G. jagen, to hunt; Dan. jage, to hunt, to drive, to hurry.] A light and elegantly fitted up vessel, used either for pleasure trips or racing, or as a vessel of state to convey kings, princes, &c., from one place to another by sea. There are two distinct species of yacht: the mere racer with enormous spars and sails and deeply-ballasted hull, with fine lines, but sacrificing everything to speed; and the elegant, commodious, well-proportioned travelling yacht, often with steam-propelling machinery, fit for a voyage round the world. The yacht navy of Britain comprehends vessels from 3 to about 600 tons.

I sail'd this morning with his majesty in one of his yachts (or pleasure-boats), vessels not known among us till the Dutch E. India Company presented that curious piece to the king. Evelyn.

Yacht (yot), v.i. To sail or cruise in a yacht; as, he spent the summer yachting in the Mediterranean.

Yacht-club (yot'klub), n. A club or union of yacht-owners for racing purposes, &c., acting under a commodore.

YACHTER

Yachter (yot'èr), n. One who commands a yacht; one who sails in a yacht. Yachting (yot'ing), a. Relating to a yacht or yachts; as, a yachting voyage. Yachtsman (yots'man), n. One who keeps or sails a yacht.

Yaf. Gave. Chaucer.

Yaff (yaf), v.i. [Imitative.] To bark like a dog in a passion; to yelp; hence, to talk pertly. [Scotch.]

Yaffe, Yaffingale (yaf'l, yaf'in-gal),n. Local names given to the green woodpecker (Picus viridis) from its cry.

Vows!-I am woodman of the woods,
And hear the garnet-headed yaffingale
Mock them.

Tennyson.

Yager (ya'ger), n. [G. jäger, lit. a huntsman, from jagen, to hunt.] A member of certain regiments of light infantry in the armies of various German states. Such regiments were originally composed of jäger or huntsmen, whence the name. The French chasseur belongs to the same class of soldier.

Yagger (yag'er), n. [D. jager, a huntsman, a driver. See YAGER.] A ranger about the country; a travelling pedlar. Sir W. Scott. [Shetland Islands.]

Yahoo (ya'ho), n. A name given by Swift, in Gulliver's Travels, to a race of brutes, having the form of man and all his degrading passions. They are placed in contrast with the Houyhnhnms, or horses endowed with reason, the whole being designed as a satire on the human race. Hence, a rough, boorish, uncultivated character. A yahoo of a stable-boy.' Graves.

'What sort of fellow is he; a yahoo, I suppose? Not at all, he is a capital fellow, a perfect gentleman.' H. Kingsley.

Yak (yak), n. [Thibetian.] A ruminant mammal of the bovine tribe, the Bos poephagus, or Poephagus grunniens, a small species of ox, with cylindric horns, curving outward, long pendent silky hair fringing its sides, a bushy mane of fine hair, and villous, horselike tail; inhabiting Thibet and the higher plateaus of the Himalayas: called by Pennant and others the grunting ox, from its very peculiar voice, which sounds much like the grunt of a pig: known also as Sarlac, Sarlik. There are several varieties of the yak due to climatic influences, character of habitat, food, and, in the case of domesticated animals, to the kind of work to which they are put, as the noble yak, the ghainorik, the plough-yak. The last is a plebeianlooking animal, and wants the magnificent side tufts of hair characteristic of its free brethren. It is employed in agriculture. The yak is often crossed with other domestic cattle, and a mixed breed obtained. The tail of the yak is in great request for various ornamental purposes, and forms quite an important article of commerce. Dyed red it decorates the caps of the Chinese, and when properly mounted it is used as a flyflapper in India under the name of a chowry.

Yak (Bos porphagus).

Tails are also carried before certain officers of state, their number indicating his rank. Yaksha (yak'sha), n. In Hind. myth, a kind of demigods who attend Kuvera, the god of riches, and guard his treasures. Yald (yäld), a. Same as Yeld. Yald, Yauld (yald), a. [Icel. gildr, stout, brawny, strong, of full size; Sw. and Dan. gld] Supple; active; athletic. [Scotch.] Yam (yam), n. [The Portuguese first saw the plant cultivated in Africa, then in India and Malacca, and brought the name as well as the plant to the West, but from what language it comes is unknown. The yam was imported into America.] A large esculent tuber or root produced by various

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plants of the genus Dioscorea, growing in tropical climates. The common West Indian yam is produced by D. alata, the East In

Yam (Dioscorea globosa).

dian yams are produced by D. globosa, rubella, and purpurea. The D. atro-purpurea grows in Malacca, and produces tubers which, like those of D. purpurea, are of a purple colour.

Yams, when roasted or boiled, form a wholesome, palatable, and nutritious food. They are sometimes of the weight of 30 lbs. See WATER-YAM. Yama (ya'ma), n. In Hind. myth. the god

Yama.

of departed spirits and the appointed judge and punisher of the dead; the embodiment of power without pity, and stern, unbending fate. He is generally represented as crowned and seated on a buffalo, which he guides by the horns. He is four-armed and of austere countenance, In one hand he holds a mace, in another a noose which is used to draw out of the bodies of men the souls which are doomed to appear before his judgment-seat. His garments are of the colour of fire, his skin is of a bluish green. Yamer, Yammer (ya'mêr, yam'mer), v.i. [O.E. yomer, A. Sax. geômerian, to lament, to groan, from geomor, sad, mournful, wretched; comp. G. jammeren, to lament, to wail] To shriek; to yell; to cry aloud; to whimper loudly; to whine. [Scotch.]

The child is doing as well as possible,' said Miss Grizzy; 'to be sure it does yammer constantly, that can't be denied.' Miss Ferrier.

Yank (yangk), v.i. [Probably a nasalized form akin to G. and D. jagen, Dan. jage, to hunt, to chase, to hurry; Icel. jaga, to move to and fro. See YACHT.] [Scotch.] 1. To work cleverly and actively: often with on; as, she yanked on at the work.-2. To speak in a yelping or affected tone; to scold; to nag; as, she yanked at her servant from morning to night.

Yank (yangk), v.t. To give a throwing or jerking motion to; to twitch strongly; to jerk. (Colloq. United States.]

YARD

Yank (yangk), n. 1. A quick, sharp stroke; a buffet; as, he gave him a yank on the head. [Scotch. 1-2. A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. United States.]-3. pl. A kind of leggings. [Provincial.]

Yank (yangk), n. [Contr. of Yankee.] A Yankee. [Vulgar.]

Yankee (yang'ke), n. [A word of uncertain origin. The most common explanation seems also the most plausible, namely, that it is a corrupt pronunciation of English or of Fr. Anglais formerly current among the American Indians. In Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms a statement is quoted to the effect that Yengees or Yenkees was a name originally given by the Massachusetts Indians to the English colonists, and that it was afterwards adopted by the Dutch on the Hudson, who applied the term in contempt to all the people of New England. Bartlett also quotes a statement of Heckwelder (an authority on Indian matters). who affirmed that the Indians applied the term Yengees specially to the New Englanders as contradistinguished from the Virginians or Long Knives, and the English proper or Saggenash. As early as 1713 it is said to have been a common cant word at Cambridge, Mass., in the sense of good or excellent, being probably borrowed by the students from the Indians, to whom a Yankee' article would be synonymous with an excellent one, from the superiority of the white man in mechanical arts.] A cant name for a citizen of New England. During the American Revolution the name was applied to all the insurgents; and during the civil war it was the common designation of the Federal soldiers by the Confederates. In Britain the term is sometimes applied generally to all natives of the United States. Yankee-Doodle (yang-ke-do'dl), n. 1. A famous air, now regarded as American and national. In reality the air is an old English one, called Nankey Doodle, and had some derisive reference to Cromwell. It is said that the brigade under Lord Percy, after the battle of Lexington, marched out of Boston playing this tune in derisive and punning allusion to the name Yankee, and the New Englanders adopted the air in consideration of the fact that they had made the British dance to it. The really national tune of the whole United States, however, is 'Hail, Columbia!'-2. A Yankee. Hot Yankee-doodles.' Moore. [Ludicrous.] Yankeeism (yang ke-izm), n. An idiom or practice of the Yankees.

Yanker Yankie, n. [See YANK, v. i.] [Scotch] 1. A sharp, forward, clever woman.-2. One who speaks or scolds incessantly. Yanolite (yan'o-lit), n. See AXINITE. Yaourt (yourt), n. A fermented liquor or milk-beer, similar to koumis, made by the Turks. Simmonds.

Yap (yap), v.i. [Imitative, like yaff; comp Fr. japper, Pr. japar, to yelp.] To yelp; to bark. Sir R. L'Estrange.

Yap (yap), n. The cry of a dog; a bark; a yelp.

Yapock (yap'ok), n. A handsome opossum inhabiting the rivers of Brazil and Guiana It is aquatic in its habits, bearing a considerable resemblance to a small otter, and differs from other opossums in its dentition, in having no opposable thumb, and, therefore, in being incapable of climbing trees, and in the toes of the hind feet being webbed It is an excellent swimmer, and lives on the fishes which it chases and catches in the rivers. Called also Water-opossum. Yapon (ya'pon or ya'pon), n. Пlex Cassine, a shrub growing in the southern states of America, the leaves of which are used as tea and as medicine. The same name is also given to other species of Ilex. Written also Yaupon.

Yar, Yare (yar, yar), a. Sour; brackish. [Provincial English.]

Yarage (yar'aj), n. [From yare.] Naut. the power of moving or being managed at sea: said of a ship.

To the end that he might, with his light ships, well manned with water-men, turn and environe the galleys of the enemies, the which were heavy of yarage, both for their bignesse, as also for lacke of water-men to row them. North.

Yarb (yärb), n. An herb. Some skill in yarbs as she called her simples. Kingsley. [Provincial English.] Yard (yard), n. [O. E. yerde, gerde, A. Sax gyrd, gird, rarely geard, a rod, a staff, a yard measure; D. garde, a rod, a twig; G. gerte, a switch, a twig; Goth. gazds, a goad,

[graphic]
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YARD

a prick. Cog. with L. hasta, a spear.] 1. The | British and American standard measure of length, equal to 3 feet or 36 inches, the foot being in general made practically the unit. As a cloth measure the yard is divided into 4 quarters 16 nails. (See under MEASURE.) A square yard contains 9 square feet and a cubic yard 27 cubic feet.-2. A pole or rod 3 feet long for measuring a yard.-3. A long cylindrical piece of timber in a ship, having a rounded taper toward each end, and slung crosswise to a mast. All yards are either square or lateen, the former being suspended across the masts at right angles for spreading square sails, the latter obliquely. Yards have sheave-holes near their extremities for the sheets reeving through. Either end of a yard, or rather that part of it which is outside the sheave-hole, is called the yardarm; the quarter of a yard is about halfway between the sheave-hole and the slings. 4. A long piece of timber, as a rafter and the like. Oxford Glossary.-5. The male organ of generation; the penis.-Yard of land. Same as Yard-land (which see). Yard (yärd), n. [A. Sax. geard, an inclosure, a yard, a court, &c.; Icel. garthr, a yard or inclosed space (E. garth); Dan. gaard, a yard, a court, a farm; D. gaard, a garden; O.H.G. garto, Mod. G. garten, a garden; Rus. gorod (as in Novgorod, &c.), a town. same root as L. hortus, a garden, cohors, a cohort (see COURT), Gr. cheir, the hand. Akin garden, and probably gird, to surround. Orchard contains this word.] 1. A small piece of inclosed ground, particularly adjoining a house, whether in front of it, behind it, or around it. -2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a brick-yard, a wood-yard, a tanningyard, a dock-yard, &c.-3. In Scotland, a garden, particularly a kitchen - garden. * Burns.

From

Yard (yürd), v.t. To inclose in a yard; to shut up in a yard, as cattle; as, to yard

COWS.

Yard-arm (yärd'ärm), n. See YARD, 3.Yard-arm and yard-arm, the situation of two ships lying alongside of each other so near that their yard-arms cross or touch. Yard-land (yärd'land),n. A quantity of land in England, different in different counties; a virgate. In some counties it was 15 acres; in others 20 or 24, and even 40 acres. Yard-stick (yard'stik), n. A stick or rod 3 feet in length, used as a measure of cloth, &c.

Yard-wand (yärd'wond), n. A yard-stick. 'His cheating yard-wand.' Tennyson. Yaret (yár), a. [A. Sax. gearu, prepared, ready, yare; akin G. gar, prepared, ready; Icel. gör, gjör, quite: comp. Icel. göra, to do, to make; prov. E. gar, to cause to do. Akin garb, gear.] 1. Ready; quick; dexterous; eager: said of persons, and especially of sailors; as, to be yare at the helm.

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2. Easily wrought; answering quickly to the helm; swift; lively: said of a ship.

The lesser (ship) will come and go, leave and take, and is yare, whereas the other is slow. Raleigh.

Yaret (yar), adv. Briskly; dexterously; yarely. Shak.

Yarely + (yar'li), adv. Readily; dexterously; skilfully. 'Those flower-soft hands that yarely frame the office. Shak. Yark (yark), v.t. Same as Yerk. Yarke (yarkē), n. The native name of different South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia.

Yarn (yärn), n. [A. Sax. gearn, D. garen, Icel. Sw. Dan. and G. garn, yarn. Allied to Gr. chorde, a chord, originally an intestine. (See CHORD.) Comp. G. garn, in sense of one of the stomachs of a ruminant, Icel. görn, pl. garnir, the guts.] 1. Any textile fibre prepared for weaving into cloth. (See THREAD) The various sizes of cotton yarn are numbered according to the number of hanks of 840 yards in the pound; flax and jute according to the number of leas of 300 yards per pound; and woollen and worsted yarn according to the number of skeins of 560 yards per pound.-2. In rope-making, one of the threads of which a rope is composed.-3. A story spun out by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; hence, to spin a long yarn is to tell a long story. [Colloq.]

Yarnen (yärn'n), a. Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. A pair of yarnen stocks.' Turberville.

Yar-nut, n. See YER-NUT.

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Yarpha (yär'fa), n. A kind of peaty soil; a soil in which peat predominates. [Orkney and Shetland.]

We turn pasture into tillage, and barley into aits, and heather into greensward, and the poor yarpha, as the benighted creatures here call their peat-bogs, into baittle grass-land. Sir W. Scott.

Yarr (yár), n. [Perhaps akin in origin to yarrow.] A well-known British and European plant, Spergula arvensis. See SPER

GULA.

Yarr† (yär), v.i. [Imitative.] To growl or snarl, as a dog. Ainsworth.

Yarrish (yar'ish), a. [From yar, sour.] Having a rough, dry taste. [Provincial.] Yarrow (yar'ō), n. [A. Sax. gearwe, Ď. gerw, G. garbe, O. G. garwe, yarrow. According to Skeat from A. Sax gearwian, to prepare, gerwan, to dress, from being used in dressing wounds. Hence allied to yare.] A name given to a British plant, Achillea millefolium. Also known by the name of Milfoil (which see).

Yataghan (yat'a-gan), n. [Turk, yatagan.] A sort of dagger-like sabre, with double-curved blade, about 2 feet long, the handle without a cross-guard, much worn in Mohammedan countries. It is also written A taghan.

Yate (yat), n. [A form of gate, with softening of g to y. See Y.] A gate. land.]

Yataghan.

[North of Eng

Yaud (yad), n. A jade; a yawd. [Old English and Scotch.] See YAWD. Yaul (yal), n. See YAWL.

Yaup (yap), v.i. [O. E. yawlp, a form of See yelp, A. Sax. gealp, a loud sound. YELP.] To yelp; to cry out like a child or a bird. [Scotch.]

Yaup (yap), n. The cry of a bird or of a child. [Scotch.]

Yaup (yap), a. [To be yaup is lit. to be a-gape, with change of g to y.] Hungry. [Scotch.]

Yaupon (ya'pon), n. Same as Yapon. Yave, pret. of yeve. Gave. Chaucer. Yaw (ya), v.i. [Comp. prov. G. gagen, to rock, to move unsteadily; Icel. gagr, bent back] Naut, to steer wild; to deviate from the line of her course in steering: said of a ship.

She steered wild, yawed, and decreased in her rate of sailing. Marryat. Yaw (ya), n. Naut. a temporary deviation of a ship or vessel from the direct line of her course. O, the yaws that she will make! Massinger.

Yaw (ya), v.i. To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane-juice in the sugarworks.

Yawd (yad), n. [Softened form of jade.] A jade; an old horse or mare. [Old English or Scotch.] Written also Yaud. Burns.

Your yawds may take cold and never be good after it. Brome.

Yawl (yal), n. [From D. jol, a yawl, a skiff,
Sw. julle, Dan. jolle, a jolly-boat, a yawl
Jolly in jolly-boat is this word, being taken
direct from the Danish apparently.] 1. A
small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or
six oars; a jolly-boat.-2. The smallest boat
used by fishermen. Written sometimes Yaul.
Yawl (yal), v.i. [Akin to youl, yell.] To
cry out; to howl; to yell.
The pilot.
louder yawls. Quarles. Then yelp'd the
cur and yawl'd the cat.' Tennyson.
Yawn (yan), v.i. [A. Sax. gânian, to yawn,
to gape, to open; Sc. gant, G. gähnen, to
yawn, to gape; akin to A. Sax. ginan, Icel.
gina, to gape; from root seen in Gr. chainō,
L. hio, to gape; G. gans, E. gander, goose.
From same root are chasm, chaos, entering
English from the Greek.] 1. To gape; to
oscitate; to have the mouth open involun-
tarily through drowsiness or dulness.
When a man yawneth he cannot hear so well. Bacon.
The king awoke,

And yawn'd, and rubb'd his face, and spoke.
Tennyson.

2. To gape; to open wide; to stand open: said of the mouth, a chasm, or the like; as, wide yawns the gulf below. This thy yawning mouth. Shak.

Graves yawn and yield your dead. Shak, Heavens open inward, chasms yawn. Tennyson. n, Fr. ton; ng, sing; TH, then; th, thin;

YEA

3. To gape for anything; to express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings.

The chiefest thing at which lay reformers yawn is, that the clergy may, through conformity in condition, Hooker. be poor as the apostles were.

4. To express surprise and bewilderment by gaping.

Methinks it should be now a huge eclipse Of sun and moon, and that the affrighted globe Shak. Should yawn at alteration. Yawn (yan), n. 1. A gaping; an involuntary opening of the mouth from drowsiness; oscitation. Thy everlasting yawn.' Pope. 2. The act of gaping or opening wide.

Sometimes with a mighty yawn, 'tis said, Opens a dismal passage to the dead. Addison. 3. An opening; a chasm. Marston. [Rare.] Yawningly (yan'ing-li), adv. In a yawning manner; with yawns or gapes. Bp. Hall. Yaws (yaz), n. [African yaw, a raspberry.] A disease occurring in America, Africa and the West Indies, and almost entirely confined to the African races. It is characterized by cutaneous tumours, numerous and successive, gradually increasing from specks to the size of a raspberry, one at length growing larger than the rest; core a fungous excrescence; fever slight, and probably irritative merely. It is contagious, and cannot be communicated except by the actual contact of yaw matter to some abraded surface, or by inoculation, which is sometimes effected by flies. It is also called Framboesia, from the French framboise, a raspberry. Ycladt (i-klad'), pp. [Prefix y-, and clad.] Clad; clothed. Her words yclad with wisdom's majesty.' Shak.

Yclept, Ycleped (i-klept'), pp. [A. Sax. ge-clypod, pp. of ge-clypian, to call.] Called; named. [Obsolete, except in humorous writing, or when used in the affectedly ancient style.]

Shak.

Millon.

Judas I am, ycleped Maccabæus. But come thou goddess fair and free In Heaven ycléped Euphrosyne. Ydlet (i'dl), a. Lazy; idle. Spenser. Ydrad (i-drad'), pp. Dreaded. Ye (ye), pron. [A. Sax. gê, ye, nom. pl. corresponding to thú, thou; the genit. was eower, the dat. and acc. eów; so that ye is properly the nom. plural and you the obj.; D. gij, Icel. ier, er, Dan. and Sw. i, G. ihr, Goth. jus, all ye or you (pl.). See You.] Properly the nominative plural of the second person, of which thou is the singular, but in later times also used as an objective after verbs and prepositions. Ye is now used only in the sacred and solemn style; in common discourse and writing you is exclusively used.

But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11.
Loving offenders thus I will excuse ye. Shak.

I thank ye; and be blest for your good comfort. Shak.
A south-west blow on ye
And blister you all o'er.
Shak.

The confusion between ye and you did not exist in Old English. Ye was always used as a nominative, and you as a dative or accusative. In the English Bible the distinction is very carefully observed, but in the dramatists of the Elizabethan period there is a very loose use of the two forms. Dr. Morris. Ye,t adv. Yea; yes. Chaucer. Yea (ya), adv. [A. Sax. ged, yea, indeed; Icel. já, D. Dan. Sw. and G. ja, Goth. ja, jai; allied to Goth. jah, and; L. jam, now; Skr. ya, who.] 1. Yes; ay; a word that expresses affirmation or assent: the opposite of nay; as, will you go? yea. Whilst one says only yea, and t'other nay.' Denham. Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay.

Mat. v. 37

2. It sometimes introduces a subject with the sense of indeed, verily, truly, it is so, or is it so? Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree in the garden! Gen. iii. 1.

Yea, mistress, are you so peremptory? Shak. 3. Used in the same way as nay, intimating that something is to be added by way of intensiveness or amplification; not this alone; not only so but also.

I therein do rejoice; yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18. One that composed your beauties, yea, and one To whom you are but as a form in wax. Shak. 4. Used substantively: (a) in Scrip. denoting certainty, consistency, harmony, and stability.

All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him 2 Cor. i. 20.

are amen.

(b) An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; the equivalent to Ay or Aye. Yea is now used only in the sacred and solemn style. Yea like nay was formerly w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure. See KEY.

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information on matters in regard to which changes are continually taking place.-2. A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England, from the time of Edward II to that of Henry VII., published annually.

There is an example of the rejection of a needless subtlety in the case of our affirmative particles, yea and yes, Hay and no, which were formerly distin-Yearedt guished in use, as the two affirmatives still are in our sister-tongues, the Danish and Swedish. The distinction was that yea and way were answers to ques tions framed in the affirmative; as, Will he got Yea or Nay. But if the question was framed in the negative, Will he not go? the answer was Yes or No. G. P. Marsh.

Yead, Yede + (yēd), v.i. [A false present tense and infinitive formed from the old preterite yode, eode. See YODE.] To go; to proceed.

Then bade the knight this lady yede aloof, And to a hill herself withdraw aside. Spenser. Years yead away and faces fair deflower. Drant. Yea-forsooth (ya-for-söth'), a. Applied to one saying to anything yea and forsooth, which latter was not a phrase of genteel society. A rascally yea-forsooth knave.' Shak.

Yean (yên), v.t. and i. [A. Sax. eânian, edcnian, to bring forth, to become pregnant, from eacen, gravid, teeming, great, lit. increased, being pp. of eacan, to increase, to eke. See EKE, AUGMENT.] To bring forth young, as a goat or sheep; to lamb. Written also Ean. Shak.

Yeanling (yen'ling), n. The young of sheep;
a lamb; an eanling.

Year (yer), n. [O E yeer, yer; A. Sax. gear,
ger; D. jaar, L.G. jör, G. jahr, Goth. jer,
Icel. ár, Dan aar; cog. Slav. jaro, spring;
Zend yûre, a year. Perhaps from root i, to
go, seen in yode, L. eo, ire, to go.) 1. The
period of time during which the earth makes
one complete revolution in its orbit; or it
is the space or period of time which elapses
between the sun's leaving either equinoctial
point, or either tropic, and his return to the
same. This is the tropical or solar year, and
the year in the strict and proper sense of
the word. This period comprehends what
are called the twelve calendar months, and
is usually calculated to commence on 1st
January and to end on 31st December. It
is not quite uniform, but its mean length is
about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 516
seconds. The return of the seasons depends
upon it. In popular usage, however, the
year consists of 365 days, and every fourth
year of 366. See BISSEXTILE, LEAP-YEAR.
Anomalistic year. See under ANOMALISTIC.
-Civil year, the tropical or solar year.
Common year, a year of 365 days, as distin-
guished from leap year.-Ecclesiastical year,
from Advent to Advent.-Gregorian year,
Julian year.
See GREGORIAN, JULIAN,
STYLE-Legal year, in England,commenced
on March 25, though the historical year
began on January 1, a practice which con-
tinued till 1752; hence it was usual between
January 1 and March 25 to date the year
both ways, as 1745-6.-Lunar year, a period
consisting of 12 lunar months. The lunar
astronomical year consists of 12 lunar syn-
odical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 min-

utes, 36 seconds. The common lunar year

consists of 12 lunar civil months, or 354 days. The embolismic or intercalary lunar year consists of 13 lunar civil months, and contains 384 days.-Sabbatical year. See SABBATIC.-Sidereal year. See SIDEREAL.— 2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn. 3. Years, in the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or old age; as, a man in years. His tender years.' Shak

Tennyson.

Myself am struck in years I must confess. Shak. Untouch'd with any shade of years, May those kind eyes for ever dwell! In popular language year is often used for years; as, the horse is ten year old.

And threescore year would make the world away.. Shak.

-A year and day, in law, the lapse of a year with a day added to it, a period which determines a right, or works prescription in many cases. Year, day, and waste, part of the sovereign's prerogative in England, whereby he was entitled to the profits for a year and a day of persons attainted of petty treason or felony, together with the right of wasting the said tenements; afterwards restoring it to the lord of the fee. Abolished by the Felony Act, 1870.-Year of grace, any year of the Christian era. Year-book (yêr'bu̟k), n. 1. A book published every year, each annual issue containing new or additional information; a work published annually and intended to supply fresh

(yerd), a. Numbering years; aged. Both were of best feature, of high race, yeared but to thirty. B. Jonson. Yearlily (yer'li-li), adv. Yearly. The great quaking grass sowen yearlily in many of the London gardens.' T. Johnson. [Rare.] Yearling (yer'ling), n. A young beast one year old or in the second year of his age. Yearling (yerling), a. Being a year old; as, a yearling heifer. Yearly (yer'li), a. 1. Annual; happening, accruing, or coming every year; as, a yearly rent or income.

Five hundred poor I have in yearly pay. Shak. 2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant.-3. Comprehending a year; accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit or revolution of the earth.

Shak.

The yearly course that brings this day about Shall never see it but a holiday. Yearly (yer'li), adv. Annually; once a year; as, blessings yearly bestowed.

Shak.

Yearly will I do this rite. Yearn (yern), v. i. [A. Sax. geornian, geornan, gyrnan, to desire, to beg, to yearn, from georn, desirous, eager, anxious; Icel. gjarn, eager, willing, whence girna, to desire; Goth gairns, desirous, gairnjan, to long for; Dan. gierne, D. gaarne, G. gern, willingly. Skeat regards the word in meaning 2 (the only meaning found in Shakspere) as quite different, taking it from O. E. erme, to grieve, from A. Sax yrman, to grieve, to vex, from earm, poor, wretched (D. Dan. Sw. and G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms). If this is correct the word has evidently been influenced in its form by confusion with yearn, to desire.] 1. To feel mental uneasiness from longing desire, from tenderness, affection, pity, or the like; to be filled with eager longing; to have a wistful feeling. 1 Ki. iii. 26. Swift souls that yearn for light.' Tennyson. Joseph made haste, for his bowels did yearn upon his brother. Gen. xliii. 30. Your mother's heart yearns toward you. Addison. 2. To grieve; to be pained or distressed; to mourn; to sorrow.

Falstaff, he is dead, Shak. And we must yearn therefore. Yearnt (yern), v. t. To pain; to grieve; to

vex.

She laments for it, that it would yearn your heart Shak.

to see it.

YELL

the first, gives out another bud, and in this way the cells undergo exceedingly rapid multiplication. The germs of the yeastplant are supposed to exist in countless multitudes in the atmosphere, from the fact that a saccharine solution which presents no surface to the atmosphere does not ferment, while on its being so exposed fermentation sets in. Fermentation takes place sooner and goes on more rapidly when yeast is added than when the fluid is merely exposed to the atmosphere, beer yeast possessing the property of setting up fermentation in the highest degree. Surface yeast is formed at 65° to 77° Fahr., and its action is rapid and irregular, whereas sediment yeast is formed at 32° to 45°, and its action is slow and quiet. Sediment yeast is reproduced by spores and not by buds. In their chemical relations the two do not appear to differ. Yeast varies in quality according to the nature of the liquid in which it is generated. and yeast merchants distinguish several varieties, which are employed for different purposes according to their energy and activity. Yeast is not only essential to the production of wine from grape juice and other fruit juices, the manufacture of beer, and the preparation of distilled spirits, but it is also the agent in producing the panary fermentation whereby bread is rendered light, porous, and spongy. Beer yeast is employed medicinally as a stimulant in low fevers, and is of great service in cases where, from inflammatory symptoms, wine is inadmissible. - German yeast, common yeast collected, drained, and pressed till nearly dry. It can be so kept for several months, and is much used by bakers — Patent yeast, yeast collected from a wort of malt and hop, and treated similarly to German yeast. – Artificial yeast, a dough of flour and a small quantity of common yeast made into small cakes and dried. Kept free from moisture, it long retains its fermentative property.-2. Spume or foam of water; froth.

They melt into thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. Byren.

Formerly spelled Yest. Now the ship boring the moon with her mainmast, and anon swallowed with yest and froth." Shak Yeast-bitten (yest'bit-n), a. In brewing, too much affected by yeast.

When the process of attenuation becomes so sla-k as not to exceed half a pound in the day, it is prodent to cleanse, otherwise the top-barm might re-ener the body of the beer, and it would become you de bitten. ['re

Yeastiness (yes'ti-nes), n. The state or quality of being yeasty. Yeast-plant (yest'plant), n. The Torula See YEAST. A substiYeast-powder (yest pou-dêr), n. tute for yeast used in leavening bread, consisting of a preparation of soda, phosphates, and other substances in the form of a powder.

It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Shak. cerevisiae. [For earn, to curdle Yearn (yern), v.i. (which see)] To coagulate as milk. [Scotch.] Yearn (yern), v.t. To cause to coagulate or curdle. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Yearnet (yern), v.t. [See EARN.] To earn; to gain; to procure. Spenser. Yearnfult (yern'ful), a. Mournful; distressing.

Yearning (yern'ing), p. and a. Longing;
having longing desire. "The language of
his yearning soul.' Pope.
Yearning (yern'ing), n. The feeling of one
who yearns; a strong feeling of tenderness,
pity, or longing desire. Calamy.
Yearning (yern'ing), n. Rennet. [Scotch.]
Yearningly (yern'ing-li), adv. In a yearning
manner; with yearning.

Yeast (yest), n. [O.E. yeest, A. Sax. gist,
gyst, Icel. jast, jastr, D. gest, gist, M.Ĥ.G.
gest, jest, Mod. G. gäscht, yeast, from a verb
signifying to ferment seen in O. H. G. gesan,
jesan, Mod. G. gähren, gischen, Sw. gasa, to
ferment, to froth. Allied to Gr. zeō, to boil,
zelos, E. zeal.] 1. Barm; ferment; the yel-
lowish substance, having an acid reaction,
produced during the vinous fermentation
of saccharine fluids, rising partly to the sur-
face in the form of a frothy, flocculent,
viscid matter (surface yeast), and partly
falling to the bottom (sediment yeast). Yeast
consists of aggregations of minute cells,
each cell constituting a plant, Torula cere-
visia. The yeast-plant is a fungus, or rather
a particular state of fungus, for there are
many moulds which, under certain condi-
tions, acquire the torula property, that is,
become capable of decomposing sugar. The
cell consists of a cyst composed of cellulose,
inclosing a semi-fluid matter, essentially
identical with protein. When a surface
yeast-cell has attained full size, it gives off
a little bud, which, on attaining the size of

Yeasty (yes'ti), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing yeast; frothy; foamy; Yedding, Yeddynge, n. [Icel geda, to spumy; yesty (which see). ornament; Sc. yed, to fib, to magnify in narration] A song or ballad; properly, the Chaucer. song of a gleeman or minstrel. Yede,tv.i. See YEAD. Yede. Went. Chaucer. Same as Yode. Yeelt (yél), n. Same as Eel. Yefte, n A gift. Chaucer. Yeld (yeld), a. (Icel. geldr, barren, giving no milk; Sw. gall, unfruitful, barren, sterile | Not giving milk; also barren; as, a yeid cow. Called also Yald, Yell. [Scotch]

Holland

Yelde, v.t. To yield; to give; to pay. Chan

cer.

Yeldehall, n. A guildhall. Chaucer.
Yelk (yelk), n. The yellow part of an egg:
the yolk. See YOLK.
Yell (yel), a.
See
Barren; not giving milk
YELD. [Scotch.]
Yell (yel), v.i. [A. Sax. gellan, gyllan, gulan,
to yell, to screech; Icel gellä, gjalla, Dan.
gialle, to yell; Sw. galla, to resound, to
ring; D. gillen, to shriek or scream Q
gellen, to resound; allied to A. Sax galan.
to sing, whence gale in nightingale
cry out with a sharp, disagreeable noise; to
shriek hideously; to cry or scream as with
agony or horror. 'The night raven that
still deadly yells. Spenser.

Poor Puck doth yell, poor Puck doth rost
Drayto

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All the men and women in the hall Rose, when they saw the dead man rise, and 8-1 Yelling as from a spectre. Tonytom

YELL

Yellt (yel), v.t. To utter with a yell.

As if it felt with Scotland, and yell'd out Like syllable of dolour. Yell (yel), n. Shak. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry; a scream or cry of horror, distress, or agony. Yells of mothers, maids, nor babes.' Shak

The filthy by-lane rings to the yell of the trampled Yelling (yel'ing), p. and a. Uttering yells Tennyson. or hideous outcries; shrieking; as, yelling monsters.

Yelling (yel'ing), n. The act or the noise of one who or that which yells. Yellings loud and deep.' Drayton.

Pale spectres, grin around me, And stun me with the yellings of damnation. Yelloch (yel'och), v.i. To yell; to scream; Johnson. to shriek. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Yelloch (yel'och), n. [Scotch.] A shrill cry; a yell. Yellow (yello), a. yellow; D. geel, O.H.G. gelo, Mod. G. gelb, [A. Sax. geolo, geolu, Icel. gulr, Dan. and Sw. guul, yellow; from same root as L. helvus, light or grayish yellow, gold and green being also from same root (the change of r to l is common); hence akin also to Gr. chloe, green herb, chloros, pale green, chole, bile (cog. with E. gall). See GREEN, &c.] Being of a pure bright golden colour, or of a kindred hue; having the colour of that part of the solar spectrum situated between the orange and the green. 'Yellow autumn.' Shak. Fallen into the sear, the yellow leaf.' Shak. Yellow is sometimes used as the colour betokening jealousy, envy, melancholy, &c., a usage no doubt connected with the figurative notions attaching to jaundice, jaundiced, the skin having a yellow hue in jaundice. - Yellow balsam, a species of Balsaminacea (Impatiens Noli-tangere).-Yellow bark. See CALISAYA BARK.-Yellow berries. See AVIGNON-BERRY.-Yellow centaury. Same as Yellow-wort.-Yellow colours. See the noun.-Yellow copperas, a translucent mineral of a yellow colour and pearly lustre, consisting chiefly of sulphuric acid, sesquioxide of iron, and water. Dana. Yellow copper. Yellow coralline, an orange-coloured dye See under PYRITES.formed of sulphuric, carbolic, and oxalic acids.-Yellow dyes. See the noun.- Yellow fibrous tissue, a kind of tissue distinguished by its yellow colour and its great elasticity. It is seen in the ligament of the neck of many quadrupeds. It is also found in the walls of the arteries, to which it gives its peculiar elasticity; and it also forms the vocal cords of the larynx.-Yellow ochre, an earthy pigment coloured by the oxide of iron.-Yellow race, in ethn. includes the Chinese, Japanese, Mongols, Lapps, Esquimaux, &c.-Yellow soap. See under SOAP. -Yellow wall-lichen, a species of lichen, the Pamelia parietina, which grows on trees and walls. It yields a yellow colouring matter, and is used in intermittent fevers.-Yellow water-lily. See NUPHAR.Yellow willow, Salix vitellina, called also Golden osier, a small tree deriving its name from the yellow colour of its branches. It is used for wicker-work. Yellow (yello), n.

colours; a bright golden colour, the type One of the prismatic of which may be found in the field buttercup, which is a pure yellow. United with blue it yields green; with red it produces orange. (See COLOUR.) The principal yellow pigments used in painting are brown pink, chrome yellow, Dutch pink, English pink, Indian yellow, king's-yellow, Naplesyellow, patent-yellow, and weld yellow. The principal yellow dyes are obtained from arnotto, fustic, French berries, fustet, quercitron bark, turmeric, saw-wort, weld, and willow leaves; also from chromate of lead. iron oxide, nitric acid, sulphide of antimony, and sulphide of arsenic. Yellow is used as a symbol of jealousy. See YELLOWNESS. No yellow in't, lest she suspect, as he does, Her children not her husband's. Yellow (yel'lo), v. t. To render yellow. My Shak. papers, yellow'd with their age. Shak. Yellow (yel'lo), v. i. To grow yellow. "The opening valleys and the yellowing plains.' Dyer. Yellow-ammer, n. See YELLOW-HAMMER. Yellow-bird (yel'lo-berd), n. ing bird of the family Fringillidae, common A small singin the United States, the Fringilla or Chrysometris tristis. The summer dress of the male is of a lemon yellow, with the wings, ch, chain; ch, Sc. loch; g, go; j, job;

675

[graphic]

Yellow-legs (yel'lo-legz), n. A grallatorial
Have seen three choleras, two army fevers, and
yellow-jack without end.
Kingsley.
bird of the genus Gambetta (G. flavipes),
family Scolopacidae, distributed along the
eastern coast of America from Maine to
Florida, so called from the colour of its
legs. It is 10 inches long, with a bill 1
inch. It is migratory, leaving the north in
summer. It feeds on fish fry, crustaceans,
Yellow-metal (yel'lo-met-al), n. A sheath-
&c., and in autumn it is fat and much prized
for table.
Yellowness (yel'lo-nes), n. 1. The quality
ing alloy of copper and zinc; Muntz's metal.
of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an
orange.-2. Jealousy. See remark under
the adjective.

Yellow-pine (yel'lo-pin), n.
I will possess him with yellowness Shak.
rican tree of the genus Pinus, P. mitis or
A North Ame-
variabilis. The wood is compact and dur-
able, and is universally employed in the
countries where it grows for domestic pur-
poses. It is also extensively exported to
Britain and elsewhere. In Canada and Nova
Yellow-rattle (yel'lo-rat-1), n. A British
Scotia the name is given to P. resinosa, and
it is also applied to P. australis. See PINE.
Yellow-rocket (yel'lo-rok-et), n.
plant of the genus Rhinanthus, R. crista-
galli. See RHINANTHUS.
plant of the genus Barbarea, the B. vulgaris,
A British
called also Bitter Winter-cress. See WIN-
TER-CRESS.

Yellow-root (yel'lo-röt), n. A plant of the genus Xanthorrhiza, the X. apiifolia. It is a small North American shrub having creeping roots of a yellow colour, stalked pinnate or bipinnate leaves, and small dull purple flowers in axillary branched racemes. The Yellows (yel'lōz), n. 1. An inflammation of bark of the root is intensely bitter, and is used in America as a tonic. the liver, or a kind of jaundice which affects horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowf, Fr. ton; ng, sing; TH, then; th, thin;

ness of the eyes. with the yellows.' Shak.-2. A disease of 'His horse raied peach-trees, little heard of except in AmeYellow-snake (yel'lo-snak), n. rica, where it destroys whole orchards in a few years.-3.† Jealousy. Brome. species of boa, common in Jamaica, the A large Chilabothrus inornatus. It is from 8 to 10 feet long, the head olive-green, the front part of the body covered with numerous black lines, while the hinder part is black, spotted with yellowish olive. Yellow-throat (yel'lo-throt), n. A small North American singing bird of the genus Sylvia (S. Marilandica), a species of warbler.

Yellow-top (yel'lo-top), n.

turnip, from the colour of the skin on the
Yellow-weed (yel'lo-wed), n. The common
A variety of
upper part of the bulb.
name of British plants of the genus Reseda.
See RESEDA.

Yellow-wood (yel'lo-wud), n. 1. Oxleya
xanthoxyla, nat. order Cedrelaces, a timber-
tree growing in Eastern Australia often to
the height of 100 feet. The wood is yellow.
Yellow-wort (yello-wêrt), n. A British
2. Same as Prickle-yellow.
plant of the genus Chlora, C. perfoliata, nat.
order Gentianacea. It is an annual plant,
with a stem about 1 foot high. It is very
glaucous, with perfoliate leaves, and bear-
ing many bright yellow flowers. It grows
on chalky or hilly pastures.
Yellow-wove (yel'lo-wov), n. A wove paper
Yelp (yelp), v. i. [O.E. yelpen, gelpen, A. Sax.
of a yellow colour.
gilpan, only in the sense of to boast; Icel.
gjalpa, to yelp; allied to yell.] 1. To utter a
sharp or shrill bark; to give a sharp, quick
cry, as a dog, either in eagerness or in pain
or fear; to yaup. Yelp'd the cur and yawl'd
the cat.' Tennyson.-2. † To prate; to boast.

Yelp (yelp), n. An eager bark or cry; a sharp
I kepe nought of arms for to yelpe. Chaucer
quick bark or cry caused by fear or pain.
With inward yelp and restless forefoot.'
Tennyson.

Yelping (yelp'ing), p. and a. Barking shrilly
with eagerness, pain, or fear; barking with-
Yeman,t n.
out courage. A yelping kennel of French
curs.' Shak.
Yelt. For Yeldeth. Yieldeth. Chaucer.
feudal retainer. Chaucer.
A yeoman; a commoner; a
Yemanrie, tn. Yeomanry; the rank of
Yenisean (yen'i-se-an), a.
yeomen. Chaucer.
to the Yenisei, the longest river in Siberia;
Of or pertaining
specifically, applied to the dialect spoken
by the people occupying the tract of coun-
try along the middle course of the Yenisei.
Yenite (yen'it), n. [From Jena, the town
in Germany.] A silicate of iron and cal-
cium generally containing manganese: it is
found in large trimetric crystals in the
Yeoman (yo'man), n. pl. Yeomen (yo'men).
island of Elba. It is also called Lievrite.
[O.E. yeman, yoman; not in A. Sax. A word
of doubtful origin. The most probable ety-
mologies are: (1) That it is equivalent to
Fris. gaman, gamon, a villager, a man of a
ga or village-ga=G. gau, Goth. gavi, a dis-
trict. (2) That it is equivalent to yeme-
man, from O.E. yeme, A. Sax. gŷme, care,
attention; also gŷman, to take care of, to pro-
tect, &c., so that the primary sense would
be a person in charge. The combination eo,
common in A. Sax. words, is rare in modern
English. See PEOPLE.] 1. A man of small
estate in land, not ranking as one of the
gentry; a freeholder; a gentleman-farmer;
a farmer or other person living in the coun-
try between the rank of gentleman and hind
or labourer. Not so wealthy as an English
yeoman. Shak. 'Farmers and substantial
yeomen. Locke.-2. One not advanced to
the rank of a gentleman.

He's a mad yeoman that sees his son a gentleman before him. 3. An upper or gentleman servant. 'A jolly Shak. yeoman, marshall of the hall.' Spenser.

The lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe.

4. A name given in courtesy to common soldiers.

Fight, gentlemen of England! fight, bold yeomen. Shak.

5. † An assistant or underling; an under bailiff; a bailiff's assistant. Shak.-6. Naut. a person appointed to assist in attending to the stores of the gunner, the boatswain, or the carpenter in a ship of war.-7.A member

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