SHOEING-HORN dense the pores, and for driving sprigs, pegs, &c., and with a wide, thin, rounding peen used in pressing out the creases incident to the crimping of the leather. Shoeing-horn, Shoe-horn (shö'ing-horn, sho'horn), n. 1. A curved piece of polished horn (now also of sheet-metal) used to facilitate the entrance of the foot into a tight shoe.-2. Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; anything used as a medium; hence, a dangler on young ladies, encouraged merely to draw on other admirers. Most of our fine young ladies . . . retain in their service as great a number as they can of supernumer ary insignificant fellows, which they use like whifflers, and commonly call shoeing-horns. Addison. 3. An incitement to drinking; something to draw on another glass or pot. A slip of bacon . Shall serve as a shoeing-horn to draw on two pots of ale. Bp. Still Shoe-knife (shö'nif), n. A knife with a thin blade fixed by a tang in a wooden handle, used by shoemakers for cutting and paring leather. Shoe-latchet (shö'lach-et), n. Boyle. A shoe-tie. Leather for shoes. Shoeless (sho'les), a. Destitute of shoes. Caltrops very much incommoded the shoeless Moors. Addison. Shoemaker (shö'māk-ér), n. Properly, a maker of shoes, though this name is often applied to every one connected with the calling, as the person who makes boots or any other article in the trade, and also to the employing party as well as the employed. Shoemaking (shö’mák-ing), n. The trade of making shoes. Shoe-pack (shö'pak), n. A moccasin made of tanned leather, with the black side in. Shoe-peg (sho'peg), n. A small pointed peg or slip of wood used to fasten the upper to the sole, and the outer and inner sole together. Pegs of compressed leather and metal rivets are also used for this purpose. Shoer (sho'er), n. One that furnishes or puts on shoes; as, a shoer of horses. Shoe-shave (shö'shav), n. An instrument on the principle of a spokeshave for trimming the soles of boots and shoes. Shoe-stirrup (sho'stèr-rup), n. A stirrup having a foot-rest shaped like a shoe. Shoe-stone (shö'stōn), n. A whetstone for a shoe-knife. Shoe-strap (sho'strap), n. A strap attached to a shoe for fastening it to the foot. Shoe-stretcher (sho'strech-ér), n. pansible last made in two or more pieces for distending shoes. An ex Shoe-string (shö'string), n. A string used to fasten the shoe to the foot. Shoe-tie (sho'ti), n. A ribbon or string for fastening the two sides of the shoe together. Chaucer. Shofe, pret. Shoved; thrust. Shog (shog), n. [A word originating partly in jog, partly in shock.] A sudden shake; a shock; concussion. Dryden; Bentley. Shog (shog), v.t. To shake; to agitate. Shog (shog), v.i. To move off; to be gone; to jog. Come, prithee, let us shog off, And browse an hour or two. Beau. & Fl Shogging (shogʻing), n. Concussion. Shoggle (shog'l), v.t. [Freq. of shog; comp. joggle.] To shake; to joggle. [Provincial.] Shogun (sho'gun), n. The proper name of the major-domos of the imperial palace and generalissimos of Japan, who formerly usurped the governing power. Also called Tycoon. See TYCOON. Shola (shō'la), n. See SOLA. Shole (shōl), n. [See SHOAL] A throng; a crowd; a shoal. Shole, a. [See SHOAL] Shallow. Spenser. Shole (shōl), n. Naut. a piece of plank placed under the soles of standards, or under the heels of shores, in docks or on slips where there are no groundways, in order to enable them to sustain the weight required without sinking. Also, a piece of plank fixed under anything by way of protection, as a piece put on the lower end of a rudder, which, in case of the ship's striking the ground, may be knocked off without injury to the rudder. Shonde, n. [A. Sax. sceond. See SHEND.] Harm; injury. Chaucer. Shone (shon), pret. & pp. of shine. Shoo (sho), interj. [Comp. G. scheuchen, to scare.] Begone! off! away! used in scaring away fowls and other animals. Also written Shough, Shue. 66 Shook (shuk), pret. & pp. of shake. Shook (shuk), n. [A form of shock, a pile of sheaves (which see).] A set of staves and headings sufficient for one hogshead, barrel, and the like, prepared for use and bound up in a compact form for convenience of transport. Boards for boxes, prepared or fitted for use and packed in the same way, bear the same name. Shook (shuk), v. t. To pack in shooks. Shool (shül), e.t. To shovel. [Scotch.] Shool (shul), n. A shovel. [Scotch.] Shoon (shun), old pl. of shoe (which see). Shoot (shot), v. t. pret. & pp. shot; ppr. shooting (the participle shotten is obsolete). [A. Sax. sceotan, to shoot, rush, dart; Icel. skjóta, to shoot (a weapon), to push, to shove; Dan. skyde, to shoot, to push, to sprout; so also D. schieten, G. schiessen, to shoot, dart, &c. Shut is a closely allied form.] 1. To let fly or cause to be driven with force; to propel, as from a bow or firearm: followed by a word denoting the missile as an object; as, to shoot an arrow, a ball, or the like. 'A fine volley of words, and quickly shot off.' Shak. This murderous shaft that's shot Shak. 2. To discharge, causing a missile or charge to be driven forth; to let off; to fire off: with the weapon as an object, and followed generally by off. 'Examples, which like a warning-piece must be shot off to frighten others." Dryden.-3. To strike with anything shot; to hit, wound, or kill with a missile discharged from a weapon: with the person or thing struck as the object. 'Love's bow shoots buck and doe.' Shak. 'Shoot folly as it flies." Pope.-4. To send out or forth with a sudden or violent motion; to discharge, propel, expel, or empty out with rapidity or violence. A pit into which the dead-carts had nightly shot corpses by scores.' Macaulay. Open waste spaces, where rubbish is shot without let or hindrance.' W. H. Russell. Mr. Weller wheeled his master nimbly to the green hill, shot him dexterously out by the side of the bas ket. Dickens. 5. To drive or cast with the hand in working. 'An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle.' B. Jonson-6. To push or thrust forward; to dart forth; to protrude. All they that see me laugh me to scorn; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head. Ps. xxii. 7. Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden. 7. To put forth or extend by way of vegetable growth. Ezek. xxxi. 14; Mark iv. 32. 8. To variegate, as by sprinkling or intermingling different colours; to give a chang ing colour to; to colour in spots or patches; to streak. The tangled watercourses slept, Shot over with purple and green and yellow. 9. To pass rapidly through, under, or over; as, to shoot a rapid or a bridge. She shoots the Stygian sound.' Dryden. 'Shooting Niagara. Carlyle.-10. In carp. to plane straight or fit by planing. Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or pared with a chisel.' Moxon.-To be shot of, to get quit of; to be released from. [Colloq.] Are you not glad to be shot of him? Sir W. Scott. -I'll be shot, a mild euphemistic form of oath. I'll be shot if it an't very curious. Dickens. Shoot (shöt), v. i. 1. To perform the act of discharging a missile from an engine or instrument; to fire; as, to shoot at a target or mark. The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him. Gen. xlix. 23. 2. To be emitted; to dart forth; to rush or move along rapidly; to dart along. 'And certain stars shot madly from their spheres.' Shak. There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. 3. To be felt as if darting through one; as, shooting pains. Thy words shoot through my heart. Addison. 4. To be affected with sharp darting pains. These preachers make His head to shoot and ache. Herbert. 5. To sprout; to germinate; to put forth buds or shoots. 'Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth." Bacon. -6. To increase in growth; to grow taller or larger. The monarch oak, the patriarch of the trees, Shoots rising up, and spreads by slow degrees. Dryden. SHOP 7. To make progress; to advance. Delightful task, to rear the tender thought. To teach the young idea how to shoot. Thomson. 8. To take instantaneous and solid shape. If the menstruum be overcharged metals will shoot into crystals. Baron. 9. To push or be pushed out; to stretch; to project; to jut. Its dominions shoot out into several branches through the breaks of the mountains. Addison. -To shoot ahead, to move swiftly away in front; to outstrip competitors in running, sailing, swimming, or the like. Shoot (shot), n. 1. The act of one who or that which shoots; the discharge of a missile; a shot. Shak. The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot. Bacon. The spindle of the shuttle contains enough weft for several shoots or throws. English Encyc. 2. A young branch which shoots out from the main stock; hence, an annual growth, as the annual layer of growth on the shell of an oyster.-3. A young swine. [In this sense written also Shote, Shoat.]-4. The thrust of an arch.-5. In mining, a vein running parallel to the strata in which it occurs. 6. A kind of sloping trough for conveying coal, grain, &c., into a particular receptacle. 7. A place for shooting rubbish into. These (refuse bricks) they usually carry to the shoots. Mayhew. 8. A weft thread in a woven fabric. The patentee throws in a thick shoot or weft of woollen or cotton. Ure. Shoot (shöt), n. [Fr. chute, but the form has been modified by the verb to shoot] Same as Chute. Shooter (shot'ér), n. 1. One that shoots; an archer; a gunner.-2. An implement for shooting; a gun; as, a pea-shooter; a sixshooter.-3. A shooting-star. Herbert. [Rare.] Shooting (shot'ing), p. and a. Pertaining to one who or that which shoots; especially, pertaining to or connected with the killing of game by firearms; as, a shooting license; the shooting season. Shooting (shot'ing), n. 1. The act of one who shoots; the act or practice of discharging firearms; especially, the act or practice of killing game with firearms; as, to be fond of shooting and fishing.-2. A right to shoot game over a certain district. 3. A district or defined tract of ground over which game is shot.-4. Sensation of a quick glancing pain. I fancy we shall have some rain by the shooting of my corns. Goldsmith. 5. In carp, the operation of planing the edge of a board straight. Shooting-board (shötʼing-bōrd), n. A board or planed metallic slab with a race on which an object is held while its edge is squared or reduced by a side-plane. It is used by carpenters and joiners, and also by stereotypers in trimming the edges of stereotype plates. Shooting-box (shöt'ing-boks), n. A house for the accommodation of a sportsman during the shooting season. Shooting-coat (shot'ing-kōt), n. The name given by tailors to a variety of coat supposed to be suitable for sportsmen. Shooting-gallery (shöt'ing-gal-lė-ri), n. A place covered in for the practice of shooting; a covered shooting range. Shooting-jacket (shöt'ing-jak-et),n. A name given by tailors to a kind of jacket supposed to be suitable for shooting purposes. Shooting-star (shöt'ing-star), n. A meteor in a state of incandescence seen suddenly darting along some part of the sky. See AEROLITE, METEOR, 2, and METEORIC. Shooting-stick (shot'ing-stik), n. An implement used by printers for tightening or loosening the coins that wedge up the pages in a chase. It is in the shape of a wedge about 1 inch broad and 9 inches long, and is made of hardwood or iron. Shooty (shöt'i), a. Of equal growth or size; coming up regularly in the rows, as potatoes. [Local.] Shop (shop), n. [A. Sax. sceoppa, a treasury, a storehouse; O.D. schop, L.G. schupp, G. schoppen, schuppen, a shed, booth, &c.] 1. A building or apartment, generally with a frontage to the street or roadway, and in which goods are sold by retail.-2. A building in which workmen or operatives carry on their occupation; as, a joiner's shop; an engine shop; a workshop.-3. One's business or profession: generally used in connection with a person whose mind is of a limited range and SHOP confined to his own calling. 'The shop sits heavy on him.' Dickens. [Colloq.] He thinks he has a soul beyond the shop. Cornhill Mag. 67 2. In law, the space between ordinary highwater mark and low-water mark; foreshore. In the Roman law, the shore included the land as high up as the largest wave extended in winter. Burrill. -To talk shop, to speak of one's calling or I will bring these two moles, these blind ones aboard him, if he thinks it fit to shore them again. Shak. Nor till the late age was it ever known that any one served seven years to a smith or tailor, that he should commence doctor or divine from the shop board or the anvil. South. Shop-book (shop'buk), n. A book in which Shope, pret. of shape. Shaped; framed. Shop-girl (shop'gêrl), n. A girl employed in a shop. Shopkeeper (shop'kep-ér), n. 1. One who keeps a shop for the retail sale of goods; a trader who sells goods in a shop or by retail, in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells by wholesale; a tradesman. To found a great empire for the sole purpose of raising up a people of customers may at first sight appear a project only for a nation of shopkeepers Ad. Smith. 2 An article that has been long on hand in a shop; as, that bonnet is an old shopkeeper. [Familiar.] Shopkeeping (shop'kep-ing), n. The business of keeping a shop. Shoplifter (shoplift-ér), n. One who steals anything in a shop or purloins goods from a shop; particularly, one who under pretence of buying goods takes occasion to steal Swift. Shoplifting (shoplift-ing), n. Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of anything from a shop. Shoplike (shop'lik), a. Low; vulgar. 'Be she never so shoplike or meretricious.' B. Jonson Shop-maid (shop'mad), n. A young woman who attends in a shop. Shopman (shop'man), n. 1. A petty trader; a shopkeeper. The shopman sells, and by destruction lives. 2. One who serves in a shop. Dryden. Shopocracy (shop-ok'ra-si), n. The body of shopkeepers [Humorous.] Shopper (shop'èr), n. One who shops; one who frequents shops. Shoppish (shop'ish), a. Having the habits and manners of a shopman. Shoppy (shop'i), a. 1. Pertaining to a shop or shops; abounding with shops; as, a shoppy neighbourhood.-2. A term applied to a person full of nothing but his own calling or profession. Mrs. Gaskell. [Colloq. in both senses.] Shop-shift (shop'shift), n. The shift or trick of a shopkeeper; deception. 'There's a shop-shift! plague on 'em. B. Jonson. Shop-walker (shop'wak-ér), n. An attendant or overseer in a large shop who walks in front of the counter attending to customers, directing them to the proper department for the goods they need, seeing that they are served, and the like. Shop-woman (shop'wu-man), n. A woman who serves in a shop. Shop-worn (shop'worn), a. Somewhat worn or damaged by being kept long in a shop. Shorage (shoraj), n. Duty paid for goods brought on shore. Shore (shor), pret. of shear. This heard Geraint, and grasping at his sword, Shore through the swarthy neck. Tennyson. Shore (shōr), n. [A. Sax. score, the shore, from sceran, sciran, to shear, to divide; O.D. schoore, schoor. The shore is therefore the line at which the sea is divided from the land. See SHEAR.] 1. The coast or land adjacent to a great body of water, as an ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river. 'The fruitful shore of muddy Nile.' SpenBer. The dreadful shore of Styx.' Shak. When loud surges lash the sounding shore.' Pope. And two such shores to two such streams made one, Two such controlling bounds shall you be, kings, To these two princes, if you marry them. Shak. Shore (shōr), n. A sewer (which see). Shore (shōr), n. [D. and L.G. schore, schoor, Icel. skortha, a prop, a shore. The word may have meant originally a piece or length of timber, and is thus from A. Sax. sceran, to shear, and akin to shore, the beach.] A prop; a piece of timber or iron for the temporary support of something. As touching props and shores to support vines, the best (as we have said) are those of the oke or olive Holland. tree. Especially, (a) a prop or oblique timber acting as a strut on the side of a building, as when it is in danger of falling, or when alterations are being made on the lower part of it, the upper end of the shore resting against that part of the wall on which there is the greatest stress. (b) In shipbuilding, (1) a prop fixed under a ship's side or bottom to support her on the stocks, or when laid on the blocks on the slip. (2) A timber temporarily placed beneath a beam to afford additional support to the deck when taking in the lower masts. See also the articles DOG-SHORE, SKEG-SHORE, and SPUR. -Dead shore, an upright piece fixed in a wall that has been cut or broken through to support the superstructure during the alterations being made on the building. Shore (shōr), v.t. pret. & pp. shored; ppr. shoring. To support by a post or shore; to prop: usually with up; as, to shore up a building. The most of his allies rather leaned upon him than shored him up. Wotton. Shore (shōr), v.t. To threaten; to offer. [Scotch.] Burns. A panegyric rhyme, I ween, Even as I was he shored me. Shorea (shō're-a), n. [Perhaps from some person of the name of Shore.] A small genus of Indian plants, nat. order Dipteraces. One species (S. robusta) is a lofty and ornamental tree with entire leaves and axillary and terminal panicles of very sweet yellow flowers, which are succeeded by shuttlecock-like fruits, the shape of which is caused by the ultimate enlargement of the sepals into erect leafy wings surmounting the fruit. It yields the timber called in India saul or sal, which is employed in the North-west Provinces Fruit of Shorea robusta. in all government works, house timbers, gun-carriages, &c. The wood is of a uniform light-brown colour, close-grained and strong. The tree exudes a resin called by the natives ral or dhoona. See SAL. Shoreage (shōr'āj), n. Same as Shorage. shore. SHORT Shorn (shorn), pp. of shear. 1. Cut off; as, a lock of wool shorn.-2. Having the hair or wool cut off; as, a shorn lamb.-3. Deprived; as, a prince shorn of his honours. Royalty ....not shorn of its dignity.' Quart. Rev. Nor appeared Less than archangel ruined, and the excess Short (short), a. [A. Sax. sceort, scort, short, from the stem of shear, to cut off; O.H.G. scurz, short, cut off; Icel. skorta, to be short of, to lack, hence skort, participle, used in such phrases as to be short, to fall short.] 1. Not long; not having great length or linear extension; as, a short distance; a short flight; a short piece of timber. The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it. Is. xxviii. 20. 2. Not extended in time; not of long duration. The triumphing of the wicked is short. Job xx. 5. 3. Not up to a fixed or certain standard; not reaching a certain point; limited in quantity; insufficient; inadequate; scanty: deficient; defective; as, a short supply of provisions; short allowance of money or food; short weight or measure. 'Praise too short.' Shak. It's not to put off bad money, or to give short measure or light weight. Ferrold. 4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; not possessed of a reasonable or usual quantity or amount: only used predicatively, and often with of; as, we have not got our quantity, we are still short; to be short of money or means. 'Short of succours, and in deep despair.' Dryden. 5. Not far in the future; not distant in time; near at hand. 'Sore offended that his departure should be so short.' Spenser. He commanded those who were appointed to atClarendon. tend him to be ready by a short day." 6. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not far-reaching or comprehensive; contracted; narrow; not tenacious; as, a short memory. Since their own short understandings reach no further than the present.' Rowe.-7.Curt; brief; abrupt; pointed; sharp; petulant; severe; uncivil; as, a short answer. I will be bitter with him, and passing short. Shak. 8. Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, the paste is light and short. His flesh is not firm, but short and tasteless. Iz. Walton. 9. Brittle; friable; as, iron is made coldshort, that is, brittle when cold, by the presence of phosphorus, and hot-short or redshort by the presence of sulphur.-10. Not prolonged in sound; as, a short vowel or syllable; the o-sound is long in coat and short in cot.-11. Unmixed with water; undiluted, as spirits; neat. [Slang.] Come, Jack, let us have a drop of something short. Trollope. 12. Followed by of, and used predicatively in comparative statements: (a) less than; below; inferior to; as, his escape was nothing short of a miracle. Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them to war. Landor. (b) Inadequate to; not equal to. Immoderate praises the foolish over thinks short of his mistress, though they reach far beyond the heavens. Sir P. Sidney. -At short sight, a term used with reference to a bill which is payable soon after being presented to the acceptor or payer.-Short allowance, less than the usual or regular quantity served out, as the allowance to sailors or soldiers during a protracted voyage, march, siege, or the like, when the stock of provisions is getting low, with no prospect of a speedy fresh supply. In the royal navy officers and men are paid the nominal value of the provisions so stopped, such sum being called short allowance money.-Short is used in the formation of numerous self-explaining compounds, as short-armed, short-eared, short-legged, short-tailed, &c. Short (short), adv. In a short manner; not long; limitedly; briefly; abruptly; suddenly; as, to stop short; to run short; to turn short. -To come short, to be unable to fulfil, as a command, demand, hope, expectation, or the like; to be unable to reach, as a certain necessary point or standard; to fail in; to be deficient in: generally followed by of. For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23. To attain The highth and depth of Thy eternal ways All human thoughts come short. Milton. SHORT -To fall short, (a) to be inadequate or insufficient; as, provisions fall short; money falls short. (b) To be not equal to; to be unable to do or accomplish. He fell much short of what I had attained to.' Newton. Their practice fell short of their knowledge.' South.-To sell short, in stock-broking, to sell for future delivery what the seller does not at the time possess, but hopes to buy at a lower rate.-To stop short, (a) to stop suddenly or abruptly; to arrest one's self at once. 'As one condemned to leap a precipice... stops short.' Dryden. (b) Not to reach the extent or importance of; not to go so far as intended or wished; not to reach the point indicated. 'Opposition which stopped short of open rebellion.' Macaulay.-To take short, to take to task suddenly; to check abruptly; to reprimand; to answer curtly or uncivilly: sometimes with up.-To turn short, to turn on the spot occupied; to turn without making a compass; to turn round abruptly. For turning short he struck with all his might.' Dryden. Short (short), n. 1. A summary account; as, the short of the matter. The short on't is, 'tis indifferent to your humble Dryden. servant whatever your party says. 2. In pros. a short syllable; as, mind your longs and shorts. [School slang.]—In short, in few words; briefly; to sum up in few words. In short, she makes a man of him at sixteen, and a Sir R. L'Estrange. boy all his life after. -The long and the short, a brief summing up in decisive, precise, or explicit terms. The short and the long is, our play is preferred.' Shak. Short (short), v.t. 1. To shorten. -2.† To make the time appear short to; to amuse; to divert: used reflexively. Furth I fure. . . to schort me on the sandis. Sir D. Lindsay. Short (short), v.i. To fail; to decrease. His sight wasteth, his wytte mynysheth, his lyf shorteth. The book of Good Manners, 1486. Shortage (short'āj), n. Amount short or deficient; often an amount by which a sum of money is deficient. Short-billed (short'bild), a. Having a short bill or beak; brevirostrate; as, short-billed birds. Short-bread (short bred), n. Same as Shortcake. HavShort-breathed (short bretht), a. ing short breath or quick respiration. Arbuthnot. Short-cake (short'kák), n. A sweet and very brittle cake, in which butter or lard has been mixed with the flour. Short-clothes (short'klōтHz), n. pl. Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of breeches coming down to the knees, and long stockings. Shortcoming (short'kum-ing), n. 1. A failing of the usual produce, quantity, or amount, as of a crop.-2. A failure of full performance, as of duty. Short-dated (short'dat-ed),a. Having little The course of thy short-dated time to run. life.' Sandys. Drawn in Short-drawn (short'dran), a. without filling the lungs; imperfectly inspired; as, short-drawn breath. Shorten (short'n), v. t. [From short.] 1. To make short in measure, extent, or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.-2. To abridge; to lessen; to make to appear short; as, to shorten labour or work. We shorten'd days to moments by love's art. Suckling. 3. To curtail; as, to shorten the hair by clipping.-4. To contract; to lessen; to diminish in extent or amount; as, to shorten sail; to shorten an allowance of provisions.-5. To confine; to restrain. Here where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain. Dryden. 6. To lop; to deprive. 'Spoil'd of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears." Dryden.-7. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter or lard. Shorten (short'n), v. i. 1. To become short or shorter. "The shortening day.' Swift.2. To contract; as, a cord shortens by being wet; a metallic rod shortens by cold. Shortener (short'n-êr), n. One who or that which shortens. Shortening (short'n-ing), n. 1. The act of making short.-2. Something used in cookery to make paste short or friable, as butter or lard. 68 Shorthand (short'hand), n. A general term for any system of contracted writing; a method of writing by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols for words; stenography. SHOT tends; myopia; near-sightedness. (b) Defective or limited intellectual sight; inability to see far into futurity or into things deep or abstruse. Short-spoken (short'spo-kn), a. In shorthand skilled, where little marks comprise Whole words, a sentence in a letter lies. Short-handed (short'hand-ed), a. Not having the necessary or regular number of hands, servants, or assistants. Short-head (short'hed), n. A sailor's term for a sucking whale under one year old, which is very fat and yields above thirty barrels of blubber. Simmonds. Short-horn (short'horn), n. One of a breed of oxen, having the horns shorter than in almost any other variety. The breed originated in the beginning of this century in the valley of the Tees, but is now spread over all the richly pastured districts of Britain. The cattle are easily fattened, and the flesh is of excellent quality, but for dairy purposes they are inferior to some other breeds. The word is often used adjectively; as, the shorthorn breed. Short-horned (short'hornd), a. Having short horns; as, the short-horned breed of cattle. Short-jointed (short'joint-ed), a. 1. Having short intervals between the joints: said of plants.-2. Having a short pastern: said of a horse. Short-laid (short'lad), a. A term in ropemaking for short-twisted. Not living or Short-lived (short livd), a. lasting long; being of short continuance: as, a short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived passion. Short-lived pride.' Shak. Suit lightly won, and short-lived pain, For monarchs seldom sigh in vain. Sir W. Scott. Shortly (short'li), adv. In a short or brief time or manner; as, (a) quickly; soon. 'Did Shak. return to be shortly murdered.' The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon, (b) In few words; briefly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose. Shortness (short'nes), n. The quality of being short; as, (a) want of length or extent in space or time; little length or little duration; as, the shortness of a journey or of distance; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of life. Bacon. I'd make a journey twice as far, to enjoy A second night of such sweet shortness. Shak. They move strongest in a right line, which is caused by the shortness of the distance. (b) Fewness of words; brevity; conciseness. The necessity of shortness causeth men to cut off impertinent discourses, and to comprise much matter in a few words. Hooker. (c) Want of reach or the power of retention; as, the shortness of the memory. (d) Deflciency; imperfection; limited extent; poverty; as, the shortness of our reason. Short-rib (short'rib), n. One of the lower ribs; a rib shorter than the others, below the sternum; a false rib. Wiseman. Shorts (shorts), n. pl. 1. The bran and coarse part of meal, in mixture.-2. A term in rope-making for the toppings and tailings of hemp, which are dressed for bolt-ropes and whale lines. The term is also employed to denote the distinction between the long hemp used in making staple-ropes and inferior hemp.-3. Small clothes; breeches. 'A little emphatic man, with a bald head and drab shorts.' Dickens. [Colloq.] Short-shipped (short'shipt), a. 1. Put on board ship in deficient quantity.-2. Shut out from a ship accidentally or for want of room. Short-sight (short'sīt), n. Near-sighted- Short-sighted men see remote objects best in old age. 2. Not able to look far into futurity; not The foolish and short-sighted die with fear 3. Proceeding from or characterized by a want of foresight; as, a short-sighted policy. Short-sightedness (short'sit-ed-nes), n. The state or quality of being short-sighted: (a) A defect in vision, consisting in the inability to see things at a distance or at the distance to which the sight ordinarily ex Cunning is a sort of short-sightedness. Addison. Speaking in a short or quick-tempered manner; sharp in address. Having Short-waisted (short'wast-ed), a. a short waist or body: said of a person, a dress, or a ship. Short-winded (short'wind-ed), a. Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick respiration, as dyspnoic and asthmatic per sons. He sure means brevity in breath, short-winded. Shak Short-witted (short'wit-ed), a. Having little wit; not wise; of scanty intellect or judgment. Piety doth not require at our hands that we should be either short-witted or beggarly. Sir M. Hale. Shory (shōr'i), a. Lying near the shore or coast. [Rare.] Those shory parts are generally but some fathoms deep. T. Burnet. Shot (shot), n. [Both Shot and Shots are used as the plural.] [From shoot (which see); A. Sax. gescot, an arrow.] 1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other missile weapon. He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to Clarendon. be made at the king's army. Here once the embattled farmers stood A bow-shot from her bower-eaves Keep you in the rear of your affection, Shak A 6. Anything emitted, cast, or thrown forth. 'Shots of rain.' Ray.-7. In Scotland, among fishermen, the whole sweep of nets thrown out at one time; also, the number of fish caught in one haul of the nets8. One who shoots; a shooter; a marksman; as, he is the best shot in the company. Shak.: little, lean, old, chapt, bald shot. used as a collective noun. 'A guard of chosen shot.' Shak.-9. An inferior animal taken out of a drove of cattle or flock of sheep; also, a young hog. See SHOTE.10. In weaving, a single thread of weft carried through the warp at one run of the shuttle.-11. In blasting, a charge of powder or other explosive in a blast-hole, usually fired by a slow match.-Shot of a cable (naut.), the splicing of two cables together, or the whole length of two cables thus united. A shot in the locker, money in the pocket or at one's disposal. [Colloq.] My wife shall travel like a lady. As long as there's a shot in the locker she shall want for nothing. Thackeray. Shot (shot), v.t. pret. & pp. shotted; ppr. shotting. To load with shot over a car The tangled water-courses slept, Shot, pp. of shette. Shut. Chaucer. Shot (shot), n. [A corruption of scot (which see)] A reckoning, or a person's share of a reckoning; charge; share of expenses, as of a tavern-bill. I'll to the alehouse with you presently; where for one shot of fivepence thou shalt have five thousand welcomes. Shak. As the fund of our pleasure, let us each pay his shot. B. Jonson, Shot-anchor (shot'ang-ker), n. A sheet anchor. Shot-belted (shot'belt-ed), a. Wearing a shot-belt. Shot-cartridge (shot kär-trij), n. A cartridge for use in a fowling-piece, &c., containing small shot instead of a bullet. Shot-clog (shot'klog), n. A person who was a mere clog on a company, but tolerated because he paid the shot for the rest. Keep your distance, and be not made a shot-cleg any more. B. Jonson. Shote (shōt), n. 1. [A. Sax. sceôta, a shooting or darting fish, from sceotan, to shoot.] A fish resembling the trout. Rich. Carew.2. A young hog; a pig partially grown; a shoat, shoot, or shot. (Provincial English.] Shoter+ (shot'ér), n. A shooter. Shot-free (shot'frē), a. 1. Free from shot or charge; exempted from any share of expense; scot-free. Though I could 'scape shot-free in London, I fear the shot here. Shak. 2. Not injured or not to be injured by shot. "He that believes himself to be shot-free, and so will run among the hail of a battle. Feltham.-3. Unpunished; uninjured; scotfree. Shot-garland (shot'gär-land), n. Naut. a frame to contain shot secured to the coamings and ledges round the hatchway of a vessel Shot-gauge (shot'gāj), n. An instrument for testing cannon projectiles. Shot-gauges are of two kinds ring gauges and cylinder gauges. Two sizes of the first kind are employed for each calibre. The shot or shell must pass through the larger but not through the smaller. It is afterwards rolled through the cylinder gauge, any jamming or sticking in which causes the rejection of the projectile. Shot-glass (shot'glas), n. In weaving, same as Cloth-procer. Shot-gun (shot'gun), n. A light, smoothbored gun, especially designed for firing shot at short range; a fowling-piece. Shot-hole (shot'hōl), n. A hole made by a shot or bullet discharged. Shot-locker (shot'lok-ér), n. A strongly constructed compartment in a vessel's hold for containing shot. Shot-metal (shot'met-al), n. An alloy of lead 56 parts, and arsenic 1, used for making small shot. Shot-plug (shot'plug), n. A tapered cone of wood driven into a shot-hole in a vessel's side to prevent leakage. Shot-pouch (shot'pouch), n. A pouch for carrying small shot. It is usually made of leather, the mouthpiece being provided with a measure having an adjustable cut-off to determine the quantity of the charge. Shot-proof (shot' prof), a. Proof against shot; incapable of being damaged by shot. Shot-prop (shot'prop), n. A wooden prop or plug covered with hemp to stop a shothole in a ship's side. Shot-rack (shot'rak), n. A wooden rack in which a certain quantity of shot is kept. Shot-silk (shot'silk), n. A silk stuff whose warp and weft threads are of different colours so as to exhibit changeable tints under varying circumstances of light. Shotte, n An arrow; a dart. Chaucer. Shotted (shot'ed), p. and a. 1. Loaded with 69 shot over a cartridge: said of cannon. 2. Having a shot attached. The serge cap and shotted chain of any galley-slave.' Dickens. Shottent (shot'n), a. [Pp. of shoot.] 1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a shotten herring. If manhood, good manhood, be not forgot upon the face of the earth, then am I a shotten herring. Shak. 2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a bone.-Shotten milk, a local term for sour, curdled milk. Shot-tower (shot'tou-ér), n. A lofty tower for making shot by pouring melted lead through a colander from the summit, which forms into globules, cools and hardens as it falls, and is received into water or other liquid. Shot-window (shot'win-do), n. 1. A small window, chiefly filled with a board that opens and shuts. [Scotch.] Go to the shot-window instantly and see how many there are of them. Shoughs, water-rugs, and demi-wolves, are clept All by the name of dogs. Shak. Shough (shö), interj. [See SHOO.] Begone; away: a cry used to scare away fowls, &c. Shough, shough! up to your coop, peahen. Beau. & Fl Should (shud). The pret. of shall. SHALL. See Shoulder (shōl'dér), n. [O.E. shulder, Sc. shouther, A. Sax. sculdor, Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra, D. schouder, G. schulter, the shoulder, the shoulder-blade; from root of shield, and signifying lit. a broad shield-like bone; comp. the other names shield-bone, bladebone, shoulder-blade, and also Sc. spaul, O. Fr. espaule (Fr. épaule), a shoulder, from L. spatula, from spatha, a broad wooden instrument.] 1. The joint by which the arm of a human being or the foreleg of a quadruped is connected with the body; or in man, the projection formed by the bones called scapulæ or shoulder-blades, which extend from the basis of the neck in a hori zontal direction; the bones and muscles of this part together.-2. The upper joint of the foreleg of an animal cut for the market; as, a shoulder of mutton.-Shoulder-of-mutton sail, a triangular sail, so called from the peculiarity of its form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. The upper corner is sometimes converted into a gaff top-sail, which can be lowered behind the other part of the sail when required to diminish the Boat with Shoulder-of-mutton Sail. quantity of sail aloft.-3. pl. The part of the human body on which the head stands; the upper part of the back; the part on which it is most easy to carry burdens. Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Shak. I'll take that burden from your back, Or, lay on that shall make your shoulders crack. Shak. Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden. Hence-4. pl. Used as typical of sustaining power; the emblem of supporting strength. Weak shoulders overborne with burthening grief.' Shak.-5. That which resembles a human shoulder; a prominent or projecting part; a declination or slope; as, the shoulder of a hill. Jasper was coming over the shoulder of the HerHogg. mon-Law. More especially, a projection on an object to oppose or limit motion or form an abutment; a horizontal or rectangular projection from SHOUT the body of a thing; as, (a) the butting-ring on the axle of a vehicle. (6) The contraction of a lamp-chimney just above the level of the wick. (c) In carpentry, the square end of an object at the point where the tenon commences, as of a spoke, the stile of a door, &c. (d) In printing, the projection at the top of the shank of a type beyond the face of the letter. (e) In archery, the broad part of an arrow-head.-6. In fort. the angle of a bastion included between the face and flank.-7. In the leather trade, a name given to tanned or curried hides and kips, and also to English and foreign offal.-The cold shoulder, the act of receiving without cordiality, especially one with whom we have been on better terms; a cold reception; as, to give a person the cold shoulder.-To put one's shoulder to the wheel, to assist in bearing a burden or overcoming a difficulty; to exert one's self; to give effective help; to work personally.-Shoulder to shoulder, a phrase expressive of united action and muShoulder (shōl'dér), v. t. 1. To push or thrust tual co-operation and support. with the shoulder; to push with violence. Around her numberless the rabble flow'd Should ring each other, crowding for a view. Rowe. 2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a basket.-3. Milit. to carry vertically at the side of the body and resting against the hollow of the shoulder; as, to shoulder arms; to shoulder a musket, &c. 'Shoulder'd his crutch and showed how fields were won.' Goldsmith. Shoulder (shōl'dèr), v.i. To push forward, as with the shoulder foremost; to force one's way as through a crowd. 'We shouldered through the swarm.' Tennyson. Shoulder-belt (shōl'dér-belt), n. A belt that passes across the shoulder. Shoulder-blade (shōl'dér-blad), n. bone of the shoulder, or blade-bone, broad and triangular, covering the hind part of the ribs: called by anatomists scapula and omoplate. I fear, sir, my shoulder-blade is out. The Shak. Shoulder-block (shōl'der-blok), n. Naut. a large single block having a projection on the shell to prevent the rope that is rove through it from becoming jammed between the block and the yard. Shoulder-bone (shōl'der-bōn), n. The scapula; the shoulderblade. To see how the bear tore out his shoulder-bone.' Shoulder-block. Shak. Shoulder-clapper (shōl'derklap-ér), n. One that claps another on the shoulder, as in familiarity or to arrest him; a bailiff. A black friend, a shoulder-clapper, one that countermands The passages of alleys. Shak. Shouldered (shōl'dèrd), a. Having shoulders. Thighed and shouldered like the billows; footed like their stealing foam.' Ruskin. Shoulder-knot (shōl'dér-not), n. An ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder; an epaulet. knots. Before they were a month in town, great shoulderknots came up; straight, all the world was shoulder. Swift. Shoulder-pegged (shōl'der-pegd), a. Applied to horses that are gourdy, stiff, and almost without motion. Shoulder-pitch (shōl'der-pich), n. The process which terminates the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with the clavicle; the acromion. Cotgrave. Shoulder-shotten (shōl'dêr-shot-n), a. Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. 'Swayed in the back and shoulder-shotten.' Shak. Shoulder-slip (shōl'dėr-slip), n. Dislocation of the shoulder or of the humerus. The horse will take so much care of himself as to come off with only a strain or a shoulder-slip. Swift. Shoulder-splayed (shöl'der-splād), a. Applied to a horse when he has given his shoulders such a violent shock as to dislocate the shoulder-joint. Shoulder-strap (shōl'der-strap), n. A strap worn on or over the shoulder, either to support the dress or for ornament, or as a badge of distinction. Shoulder-wrench (shōl'der-rensh), n. A wrench in the shoulder. Shout (shout), v. i. [Perhaps a softened form of scout, or onomatopoetic; comp. shoo! and hoot.] To utter a sudden and " SHOUT loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or exaltation, to animate soldiers in an onset, to draw the attention of some one at a distance, or the like. When ye hear the sound of the trumpet, all the people shall shout with a great shout. vi. 5. -To shout at, to deride or revile with shouts. That man would be shouted at that should forth in his great-grandsire's suit, though not rent, not discoloured. Bp Hall. Shout (shout), n. A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or animated courage, &c. Applause and universal shout.' Shak. The Rhodians seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision. Knolles. Shout (shout), v.t. To utter with a shout: sometimes with out; as, he shouted out his name. Shouter (shout'èr), n. One that shouts. Dryden. Shouther (shuтH'èr), n. Shoulder. [Scotch.] Shouting (shout'ing), n. The act of shouting; a loud outcry expressive of joy or animation. 2 Sam. vi. 15. Shove (shuv), v. t. pret. & pp. shoved; ppr. shoving. [A. Sax. sceôfan, scûfan, O. Fris. skuva, Icel. skifa, D. schuiven, O. H. G. and Goth. skiuban, G. schieben, to shove. From this stem comes shovel.] 1. To drive along by the direct application of strength without a sudden impulse; particularly, to push so as to make a body slide or move along the surface of another body, either by the hand or by an instrument; as, to shove a bottle along a table; to shove a table along the floor; to shove a boat into the water. 'Shoving back this earth on which I sit.' Dryden. on. The hand could pluck her back that shoved her 2. To push aside; to press against; to jostle. He used to shove and elbow his fellow-servants to get near his mistress. Arbuthnot. -To shove away, to push to a distance; to thrust off. Shove away the worthy bidden guest.' Milton.-To shove by, to push away; to delay or to reject. Offence's gilded hand may shove by justice.' Shak.-To shove off, to thrust or push away; to cause to move from shore by pushing with poles or oars; as, to shove off a boat.-To shove down, to overthrow by pushing. A strong man was going to shove down St. Paul's cupola. Arbuthnot. Shove (shuv), v. i. 1. To push or drive forward; to urge a course.-2. To push off; to move in a boat by means of a pole or oar which reaches to the bottom of the water: often with off or from. He grasped the oar, Received his guest on board, and shoved from shore. Garth. Shove (shuv), n. 1. The act of shoving, pushing, or pressing by strength without a sudden impulse; a push. I rested two minutes and then gave the boat an other shove. 2. The central woody portion of the stem of flax; the boon. Shove board (shuv'bōrd), n. A sort of game played by pushing or shoving pieces of money along a board with the view of reaching certain marks; also, the board on which the game was played. At one time it was played with silver groats, hence the old name shore-groat. Called also Shovelboard, Shuffle-board. Shove - groat (shuv'grōt), No. See SHOVE BOARD. Quoit him down, Bardolph, like a shove-great shilling. Shak. Shovel (shuv'el), n. [From shove; A. Sax. sceoft, scofl, D. schoffel, L.G. schufel, Dan. skovl, G. schaufel, a shovel. See also SCOOP.] An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow blade with a handle, used for taking up and removing a quantity of loose substances together, as coals, sand, loose earth, gravel, corn, money, &c. The construction of shovels is necessarily very much varied to adapt them for their particular purposes. A fire shovel is an utensil for taking up coals, cinders, or ashes. The barn shovel, for lifting and removing grain, has the blade generally of wood. Shovel (shuv'el), v. t. pret. & pp. shovelled; ppr. shovelling. 1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a 70 heap or into a cart, or out of a pit.-2. To gather in great quantities. Ducks shovel them up as they swim along the waters. Derham. -To shovel up, (a) to throw up with a shovel. (b) To cover up with earth with a spade or shovel. Oh! who would fight and march and countermarch, Be shot for sixpence in a battle-field, And shovell'd up into a bloody trench! Tennyson. Shovelard (shuv'el-ärd), n. Same as Shoveller, 2. Shovel-board (shuv'el-bōrd), n. 1. A kind of game more common formerly than now; shove-board (which see). 2. A favourite game aboard ship played by shoving with a cue wooden discs so that they shall rest in one of nine squares chalked on the deck. Shovelful (shuv'el-ful), n. As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel. Shovel - hat (shuv'el-hat), n. A hat with a broad brim turned up at the sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, worn by clergymen of the Church of England. Walking, as became a beneficed priest, under the canopy of a shovel-hat.' C. Bronté. Shoveller (shuv'el-er), n. 1.One who shovels. 2. A species of duck (Spatula or Rhynchas pis clypeata), remarkable for the length and terminal expansion of the bill. It is a winter visitant to the British Isles, is about 20 inches in length, and has beautifully marked plumage. Show (sho), v.t. pret. showed; pp. shown or showed; ppr. showing. It is also written Shew, Shewed, Shewn. [A. Sax. scedwian, D. schouwen, Dan. skue, G. schauen, Goth. scavjan, to view, look at, inspect, &c.; supposed to be from a root skaw or skav, which appears without the s in L. caveo, to take care, cautus, E. cautious.] 1. To exhibit or present to the view; to place in sight; to display. Go thy way, show thyself to the priest. Mat. viii, 4. To show him all earth's kingdoms and their glory. 2. To let be seen; to disclose; to discover; not to conceal. All the more it seeks to hide itself, The bigger bulk it shows. Shak. 3. To communicate; to reveal; to make known; to disclose. I was afraid, and durst not show you mine opinion. To show thee what shall come in future days. Milton. 4. To prove; to manifest; to make apparent or clear by evidence, reasoning, &c.; to explain; as, to show a person's error. His eye, which scornfully glisters like fire, 5. To inform; to teach; to instruct. 6. To point out to, as a guide; hence, to guide or usher; to conduct; as, to show a person into a room. Thou shalt show them the way in which they must walk. Ex. xviii. 20. Come, good sir, will you show me to this house? Shak 7. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favour or mercy on any person. To show justice. Shak. Felix, willing to show the Jews a pleasure.' Acts xxiv. 27. That mercy I to others show, That mercy show to me. Pope. 8. To explain; to make clear; to interpret; to expound. 'Interpreting of dreams, and showing of hard sentences.' Dan. v. 12. 9. To indicate; to point out. Why stand we longer shivering under fears, That show no end but death? Milton. -To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim. 1 Pet. ii. 9.-To show off, to set off; to exhibit in an ostentatious manner; as, to show off one's accomplishments.-To show up, (a) to show the way up or to an audience of some one; as, show up that gentleman, sir. (b) To expose; to hold up to animadversion, to ridicule, or to contempt; as, the power which public journalists have of showing up private individuals ought not to be recklessly exercised. [Colloq.] Show (sho), v.i. 1. To appear; to become visible. The fire i' the flint I envy none their pageantry and show. Young. 4. An object attracting notice; an aspect. Throng our large temples with the shows of peace, And not our streets with war. Shak The city itself makes the noblest show of any in the world. Addison. 5. A sight or spectacle; an exhibition; a play; specifically, that which is shown for money; as, a travelling show; a flower-show; a cattle-show. Tragic shows.' Shak. Some delightful ostentation, or show, or pageant, or antique, or firework. Shak 6. Semblance; likeness. 'In show plebeian angel militant.' Milton.-7. Speciousness; plausibility; pretext; hypocritical pretence. For a show make long prayers." Luke xx. 47. But a short exile must for show precede. Dryden. 8. A mucous discharge, streaked with blood, which takes place one, two, or three days before a woman falls into labour.-A show of hands, a raising of hands, as a means of indicating the sentiments of a meeting upon some proposition. Show-bill (sho'bil), n. A placard or other advertisement, usually printed, containing announcements of goods for sale. Show-box (shō'boks), n. A box containing some object or objects of curiosity, carried round as a show. Show-bread (shō'bred),n. Among the Jews, bread of exhibition; the loaves of bread which the priest of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and changed every Sabbath. The loaves were twelve in number, and represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priest only. Written also Shew-bread. Showcard (shō'kärd), n. A tradesman's card making an announcement; a card on which patterns are exhibited in a shop. Show-case (shō'kās), n. A case or box, with plates of glass on the top or front, within which delicate or valuable articles are placed for exhibition. Shower (sho ́ér), n. 1. One who shows or exhibits.-2. That which shows, as a mirror. Wickliffe. Shower (shou'èr), n. [O.E. shoure, schoure, A. Sax. scur, Icel. skúr, Sw. skur, O. H. G. scûr, a shower, a tempest; G. schauer, a shower, a shuddering fit; Goth. skiuran, to move or drive violently; L.G. schuur, a passing fit of illness; Sc. shower, a throe, as in childbirth. The root-meaning may be in Goth skiuran, to move violently, hence a tempest, a throe, a shudder.] 1. A fall of rain of short or not very great duration: this is its regular meaning when used alone, but we may also say a shower of snow. Fall on me like a silent dew, Or like those maiden showers, Herrick. |