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BALDRIB

Baldrib (bald'rib), n. 1. A piece cut from the side of a pig lower down than the sparerib, and consisting of a rib with flesh devoid of fat on it. Baldrib, griskin, chine, or chop.' South. Hence-2 Fig. a lean, lanky person. T. Middleton. [Rare.]

Ballooning. [add] The operation of inflating shares or stock by publishing fictitions favourable reports or the like. [Stock exchange slang.]

[Latin

Balneography (bal-ne-og'ra-fi), n. balneum, a bath, and Gr. graphe, a description.] A description of baths. Dunglison.

Balneology (bal-nē-oľ′o-ji), n. [L. balneum, a bath, and Gr. logos, a discourse.] A treatise on baths or bathing; the branch of knowledge relating to baths and bathing. Dunglison.

Balneotherapia, Balneotherapy (bal'něo-ther-a-pi"a, bal'ne-o-ther" a-pi), n. [L. balneum, a bath, and Gr. therapeia, medical treatment.] The treatment of disease by baths. Dunglison.

Banality (ba-nal'i-ti), n. [Fr. banalité.] The state of being banal, trite, or stale; commonplaceness; vulgarity or triviality in expression.

Bandore (ban-dōr), n. A widow's veil for covering the head and face. Prior.

Banjore (ban'jōr), n. Same as Banjo. Miss Edgeworth.

The

Bankless (bangk'les), a. Without banks or limits. 'The bankless sea. Davies. Barbados-nut (bar-ba'dóz-nut), n. physic-nut, a product of Curcas purgans (Jatropha Curcas). See CURCAS. Barbaresque (bar-bär-esk'), a. Characteristic of barbarians; barbarous. De Quincey. [Rare]

Baric (barik), a. [Gr. barys, heavy.] Pertaining or relating to weight, more especially the weight of the atmosphere as measured by the barometer. Barken (bark'en), a. Consisting or made of

bark.

Barken knots.' Whittier. [Rare.] Barnaby-bright (bärʼna-bi-brīt), n. The day of St. Barnabas the Apostle, the 11th of June, which in old style was the day of the summer solstice, or as put by the old rhyme: 'Barnaby-bright, the longest day and the shortest night."

The steward... adjourned the court to Barnaby-bright that they might have day enough before them. Addison.

Barometry (ba-rom'et-ri), n. The art or operation of conducting barometrical measurements, experiments, observations, or the like.

A scrap of parchment hung by geometry,
(A great refinement in barometry),

Can, like the stars, foretell the weather. Swift. Barrel-vault (bar'el-valt), n. The simplest form of vault, having a semicircular roof. See VAULT

Barycentric (bar-i-sen'trik), a. [Gr. barys, heavy, and kentron, centre.] Of, pertaining, or relating to the centre of gravity.Barycentric calculus, an application to geometry of the mechanical theory of the centre of gravity, executed in two distinct ways, according as metrical or descriptive geometrical properties are to be investigated. Basaltoid (ba-salt'oid), a. [Basalt, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] Allied in appearance or nature to basalt; resembling basalt. Base-burner (bās bērn-èr), n. A base-burning surface or stove. See BASE-BURNING. Basihyal (ba-si-hi'al), a. In anat. relating to or connected with the body or basal portion of the hyoid bone. Basioccipital (ba'si-ok-sip'i-tal),a. In anat. pertaining to or connected with the base of the occipital bone.

Basipetal (ba-sip'e-tal), a. [L. basis, a base, and peto, to seek.] Tending to the centre. Specifically, in bot. a term applied to a leaf in which the axis appears first, and on its sides the lobes and leaflets spring from above downwards, the base being developed after the tip.

Basisphenoid (bã-si-sfe'noid), a. In anat. pertaining to or connected with the base or posterior portion of the sphenoid bone. Basket-beagle (bas'ket-be-gl), n. A beagle used in hunting a hare that was slipped from a basket to be coursed. Gray-headed sportsmen, who had sunk from fox-hounds to basket-beagles and coursing.' Sir W. Scott. Basket-hare (basket-hår), n. A captive hare slipped from a basket to be coursed in the absence of other game. Bastard-bar (bas'térd-bar), n. In her. same as Baston, 3.

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dow of the Perpendicular style, abated, or only half the width of those below. Batrachophidia (batʼra-ko-fid"i-a), n. pl. [Gr. batrachos, a frog, and ophis, a serpent.] Same as Ophiomorpha.

Bay-ice (ba'is), n. Ice recently formed on the ocean.

Bay-leaf (bālēf), n. The leaf of the sweet-bay or laurel-tree (Laurus nobilis). These leaves are aromatic, are reputed stimulant and narcotic, and are used in medicine, cookery, and confectionery. Bay-mahogany (ba'ma-hog-an-i), n. Same as Bay-wood.

Bay-wood (ba'wud), n. That variety of mahogany exported from Honduras. It is softer and less finely marked than the variety known as Spanish mahogany, but is the largest and most abundant kind. See MAHOGANY.

Beading, n. [add.] A preparation added to weak spirituous liquors to cause them to carry a bead, and to hang in pearly drops about the sides of the bottle or glass when poured out or shaken, it being a popular notion that spirit is strong in proportion as it shows such globules. A very small quantity of oil of vitriol or oil of almonds mixed with rectified spirit is often used for this purpose.

Beak-head (bēk'hed), n. An ornament resembling the head and beak of a bird, used

Beak-head Moulding, Etton Church, Yorkshire.

as an enrichment of mouldings in Norman architecture.

Beamily (bem'i-li), adv. In a beamy or beaming manner; radiantly. A bright halo, shining beamily.' Keats.

Beaujolais (bo-zhō-lā), n. A variety of light red Burgundy wine.

Beauty-sleep (bù'ti-slēp), n. The sleep taken before midnight, and popularly regarded as the most refreshing portion of the night's repose.

An embe

A medical man, who may be called up at any moment, must make sure of his beauty-sleep. Kingsley. Beblotch (be-bloch'), v.t. To cover with blots or blotches, as of ink. Southey. Bebooted (be - böt'ed), p. and a. phatic form of Booted. Couriers... strapped and bebooted.' Carlyle. Becoronet (bé-ko'rō-net), v. t. To adorn, as with a coronet; to coronet. Carlyle. Becurse (bé-kérs'), v.t. To shower curses C. Reade.

on.

Bediadem (bé-di′a-dem), v.t. To crown or adorn with a diadem. Carlyle. Bedizenment (be-diz'n-ment), n. The act of bedizening; the state of being bedizened; | that which bedizens. 'The bedizenment of the great spirit's sanctuary with skulls.' Kingsley. Strong Dames of the Market with oak-branches, tricolor bedizenment.' Carlyle. Bee-nettle (be'net-1), n. A species of hemp-nettle; Galeopsis versicolor. GALEOPSIS.

See

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Befrill (be - fril'), v. t.
with a frill or frills.
haired mother, befrilled
cleanliness.' George Eliot.

Befrizz (bé-friz), v.t. To curl the hair of; to frizz.Befrizzed and bepowdered courtiers. Contemp. Rev.

Befuddle (bē - fud ́1), v.t. To stupefy or muddle with liquor; to make stupidly

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Beglare (bē-glår), v.t. To glare at or on. [A humorous coinage.]

So that a bystander without beholding Mrs. Wilfer at all must have known at whom she was glaring by seeing her refracted from the countenance of the Dickens. beglared one.

Begroan (bē - grōn'), v.t. To receive with groans; to assail with groans, as a mark of disapprobation.

Patriot Brissot, beshouted this day by the patriot galleries, shall find himself begroaned by them, on account of his limited patriotism. Carlyle. Behave, v. [add.] This word, when used intransitively and reflexively, has sometimes, in colloquial language, a good sense, having the force of to behave well, to conduct one's self well, the modifying adverb being implied; as, the boy will get his holidays if he behaves; behave yourselves and you will be duly rewarded.

Behithert (be-hiTH'èr), prep. On this side of. Two miles behither Clifden.' Evelyn. Beige (bázh), n. [Fr.] A light woollen fabric, made of wool of the natural colour, that is, neither dyed nor bleached. Bejuco (ba-ho'ko), n. [American Spanish.] A slender, reed-like, twining plant of Central America.

The serpent-like bejuco winds his spiral fold on fold Round the tall and stately ceiba till it withers in his Whittier.

bold.

Belletristic (bel-let-ris'tik), a. Pertaining or relating to belles-lettres. Bell-punch (bel'punsh), n. A small punch fitted to the jaws of a pincers-shaped instrument, combined with a little bell which sounds when the punch makes a perforation. Such punches are generally used to cancel tickets, as in tramway cars, &c., as a check on the conductors, the ringing of the bell indicating to the passenger that his ticket has been properly punched, and that the blank cut has passed into a receptacle in the instrument from which the blanks are taken and counted by an official of the company. Other forms of bell-punches are in use, as a combined tell-tale and bell, the ringing of which indicates to an official at some distance that the instrument has been duly pressed. See TELL-TALE, 2 (ƒ).

Bemeet (be-met'), v.t. To meet.

Shak.

Our very loving sister, well bemet. Bemitre (bē-mi'tèr), v.t. To adorn with a mitre. Carlyle.

Bemouth (be-mouTH'), v.t. To utter with an affected, big, swelling voice; to mouth. 'In Miltonic blank bemouthed.' Southey. Bemurmur (bë-mér mér), v. t. 1. Tomurmur round. Bemurmured now by the hoarseflowing Danube.' Carlyle.-2. To greet with murmurs, as of discontent or the like. So fare the eloquent of France, bemurmured, beshouted. Carlyle. Bemuzzle (bē-muz'l), v.t. To put a muzzle on; to muzzle. Carlyle. Bene (bën), n. [A. Sax. bên, a prayer. ] A prayer; a request; an entreaty. Wordsworth. [Provincial English.] Benjamin, n. [add] A kind of topcoat or overcoat worn by men. Benthamism (ben'tham-izm), n. That doctrine of ethics or of social and political economy taught by Jeremy Bentham, the sum of which may be thus stated:- The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the end of all true moral action. Nature having placed mankind under the government of two sovereign masters, Pleasure and Pain, it is for them alone to point out

BENTHAMITE

what we ought to do. This doctrine is the foundation of Utilitarianism (which see). Benthamite (ben'tham - it), n. One who holds or favours the doctrine of Benthamism. Bepommel (bè-pum'mel), v.t. To pommel or beat soundly; to give a good drubbing to. Bepommelled and stoned by irreproach able ladies of the straitest sect of the Pharisees.' Thackeray.

Berascal (be-ras'kal), v.t. To call or address by the opprobrious term rascal. Fielding. Beriband, Beribbon (be- rib' and, berib'on), v. t. To adorn or deck with a rib. bon or ribbons. Rouged and beribboned.' Miss Burney. Nut-brown maids bediz

ened and beribanded.' Carlyle. Berthage (bèrth ́áj), n. A charge made on vessels occupying a berth in a dock or harbour.

Bescour (bē-skour), v.t. To scour over; to

overrun.

France too is bescoured by a devil's pack, the bay. ing of which... still sounds in the mind's ear. Carlyle. Beseechingness (be-sech'ing-nes), n. The state or quality of being beseeching or earnestly solicitous; entreaty. George Eliot. Beshout (be-shout'), v.t. To greet or receive with shouts. Carlyle.

Besing (be-sing'), v.t. To praise or celebrate in song. 'The Charter which has been so

much besung.' Dickens. Bespeech (bě-spech'), v.t. To annoy or torment by much speech-making. Carlyle. Bespout (be-spout'), v.t. To annoy or harass with much loud, empty speaking. Carlyle. Bespy (be-spi'), v.t. To subject to espionage; to set spies upon. 'His own friends of the people bespied, beheaded.' Carlyle. Bestiarian (bes-ti-a'ri-an), n. [L. bestia, a beast: the word was suggested by humanitarian] One who takes an interest in the kind treatment of beasts: the term has been applied to those persons who oppose vivisection, and was invented by Darwin. Bestrap (be-strap'), v.t. To confine with a strap or straps.

The young lion's whelp has to grow up all be strapped, bemuzzled. Carlyle.

Betweenity (bẻ - twẽn'i-ti), n. The state or quality of being between; intermediate condition; that which occupies an intermediate space, place, or position. • To rejoin heads, tails, and betweenities.' Southey.

The house is not Gothic, but of that betweenity that intervened when Gothic declined and Palladian was creeping in. H. Walpole. Bewhisker (bē-whis'kėr), v.t. To furnish with whiskers; to put whiskers on. 'She who bewhiskered St. Bridget.' Striplings bewhiskered with burnt cork.' Irving.

Sterne.

Bewing (be- wing'), v. t. To give or add wings to. 'An angel throng bewinged.

Poe.

Bi-. An old form of the Anglo-Saxon prefix now usually written be; as, bifore, biforn before; bigan = began; biheste-behest; biside, bisyde beside; bitweene-between; &c. Chaucer.

Biblicality (bib-li-kal'i-ti), n.

Something relating to, connected with, or contained in the Bible. Carlyle. Bibliolater (bib-li-ol'a - têr), n. Same as Bibliolatrist. 'The mistaken zeal of bibliolaters.' Huxley.

Bicavitary (bi-kav'i-ta-ri), a. [L. prefix bi-, two, twice, and E. cavity.] Consisting of or possessing two cavities."

Bicentenary (bi-sen'te-na-ri), n. [L. prefix bi-, two, twice, and E. centenary.] 1. That which consists of or comprehends two hundred; the space of two hundred years.— 2. The commemoration of any event that happened two hundred years before, as the birth of a great man.

Bicentenary (bi-sen'te-na-ri), a. Relating to or consisting of two hundred; relating to two hundred years; as, a bicentenary celebration.

Bicentennial (bi-sen-ten'ni-al), a. [L. prefix bi-, two, twice, and E. centennial.] 1. Consisting of or lasting two hundred years; as, a bicentennial period.-2. Occurring every two hundred years.

Biconvex (bi-kon'veks), a. [Prefix bi-, two, twice, and convex.] Convex on both sides; double convex, as a lens. See LENS. Bicornet (bi-korn'), n. One of two monstrous beasts (the other being Chichevache -which see) mentioned in an old satirical poem alluded to by Chaucer in the Clerk's Tale. Bicorne is represented as feeding on patient husbands, while Chichevache feeds

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on patient wives, and the point of the satire consists in representing the former as being fat and pampered with a superfluity of food, while the latter is very lean, owing to the scarcity of her diet. Bicycling (bi'sik-ling), n. The art or prac

tice of managing or travelling on a bicycle. Biddable (bid'a-bl), a. Obedient to a bidding or command; willing to do what is bidden; complying.

She is exceedingly attentive and useful; indeed I never saw a more biddable woman. Dickens.

Bileve, v. [A. Sax. belifan-be, and lifan, to stay behind; comp. D. blijven, G. bleiben.] To stay behind; to remain. Chaucer. Biliteral (bi-lit'èr-al), n. A word, root, or syllable formed of two letters. A. H. Sayce. Billy (bil'li), n. 1. Same as Slubbing-billy. 2. Stolen metal of any kind. [Slang.]-3 A small metal bludgeon that may be carried in the pocket. [Slang.] Bimetallism (bi-metal-izm), n. That system of coinage which recognizes coins of two metals, as silver and gold, as legal tender to any amount, or in other words, the concurrent use of coins of two metals as a circulating medium at a fixed relative value.

This coinage was superseded by the bimetallic (gold and silver) coinage of Croesus, and bimetallism was the rule in Asia down to Alexander's time in the fixed ratio of one to thirteen and a half between the two metals. Academy. Bimetallist (bi-met'al-ist), n. One who favours bimetallism or a currency of two metals.

Among the advocates of a double currency on the Continent have been many eminent economists. Yet an Englishman might almost as well avow himself a protectionist as a bimetallist. Academy.

Bin (bin), v.t. To put into or store in a bin; as, to bin liquor.

Binaural (bi-nar‍al), a. [L. binus, double, and auris, the ear.] 1. Having two ears. 2. Pertaining to both ears; fitted for being simultaneously used by two ears; as, a binaural stethoscope, which has two connected tubes capped by small ear-pieces. Bindweb (bind'web), n. In anat. the connective tissue uniting the gray cellular with the white fibrous matter of the brain and spinal cord; neuroglia.

Bioblast (bio-blast), n. [Gr. bios, life, and blastos, a germ.] In biol. a minute mass of transparent, amorphous protoplasm having formative power

Biodynamic (bi'ō-di-nam"ik), a. [Gr. bios, life, and dynamis, force.] Pertaining or relating to vital force, power, or energy. Biogenesist, Biogenist (bi-ō-jen'e-sist, bioj'e-nist), n. One who favours the theory of biogenesis.

Biogeny (bi-oj'e-ni), n. Same as Biogenesis.

Huxley.

Biographee (bi-og'ra-fe"), n. One whose life has been written; the subject of a biography.

There is too much of the biographer in it (Foster's Life of Dickens), and not enough of the biographee. Athenaum.

Biomagnetic (bi'ō-mag-net”ik), a. Pertaining or relating to biomagnetism. Biomagnetism (bi-o-mag'net-izm), n. [Gr. bios, life, and E. magnetism.] Same as Animal Magnetism. See under MAGNETISM. Biometry (bi-om'et-ri), n. [Gr. bios, life, and metron, a measure.] The measurement of life; specifically, the calculation of the probable duration of human life. Bioplastic (bi-ō-plas'tik), a. Same as Bioplasmic. Biramous (bi-ra'mus), a. [L. prefix bi, two, twice, and ramus, a branch.] Possessing or consisting of two branches; dividing into two branches, as the limbs of cirripedes. H. A. Nicholson.

Birch (bérch), v.t. To beat or punish with a

birch rod.

Hood.

There I was birched, there I was bred, There like a little Adam fed From Learning's woeful tree. Bird-baiting (bèrd'bat-ing), n. The catching of birds with clap-nets. Fielding. Biscacha (bis-ka'cha), n. Same as Viscacha. Bishop. [add.] One of the pieces in the game of chess, having its upper section carved into the shape of a mitre.

Bishopship (bish'up-ship), n. Same as Bishopdom. Milton,

Bitheism (bi'thé-izm), n. [L. prefix bi, two, twice, and E. theism.] A belief in the existence of two Gods.

Bitter (bit'ter), v. t. To make bitter; to give a bitter taste to.

Would not horse-aloes bitter it (beer) as well?
Dr. Wolcot.

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BOTTLE-BELLIED

Bizcacha (bis-kä'cha). n. Same as Viscacha. Black-back (blak'bak), n. The great blackbacked gull (Larus marinus). Kingsley. Black-heart (blak'hart), n. A species of cherry of many varieties, so called from the fruit being heart-shaped and having a skin nearly black.

The unnetted black-hearts ripen dark,

All thine, against the garden wall. Тенкусок. Blastide (blas'tid), n. (Gr. blastos, a germ, and eidos, resemblance.] In biol. a minute clear space on the segments of the fecundated ovum of an organism, which is the primary indication of the cytoblast or nucleus.

Blastogenesis (blas-to-jen'e-sis), n. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and genesis, generation] lu biol. reproduction by gemmation or budding Blastomere (blas'to-mër), n. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and meros, a portion.] In biol a portion of fecundated protoplasm which divides from other parts of the ovum after impregnation, and may remain united as a single cell-aggregate, or some or all of which may become separate organisms. Blastosphere (blas'to-sfer), n. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and E. sphere.] In biol. the hollow globe or sphere originating from the forma tion of blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated ovum.

Blastostyle (blas'to-stil), n. [Gr. blastos, a germ, and stylos, a column.] A term applied by Prof. Allman to certain columnshaped zooids in the Hydrozoa which are destined to produce generative buds. Blepharis (blef'ar-is), n. [Gr. blepharis, an eyelash, referring to the long filaments proceeding from the fins] A genus of fishes allied to the mackerel and the dory, and including the hair-finned dory (B. erinitus, a fish found on the Atlantic shores of North America.

Same as Bloak.

Blondness (blond'nes), n. The state of being Bloke (blok), n.

blond; fairness. With this infantine blondness showing so much ready self-possessed grace.' George Eliot.

Bloodguiltless (blud'gilt-les), a. Free from the guilt or crime of shedding blood, or murder. Walpole.

Bloused (bloust), p. and a. Wearing a blouse. A bloused and bearded FrenchBlowing (blo'ing), n. Same as Bloren. On man or two.' Kingsley. a lark with black-eyed Sal (his blowing)" Byron.

Blustery (blus'tèr-i), a. Blustering: blus terous; raging; noisy. A hollow, blustery, pusillanimous, and unsound one (charac ter). Carlyle.

Bock-beer, Bock-bier (bok'bër), n. [Gr. Boart (bört), n. Same as Bort. bock-bier, buck or goat beer, so called, it is said, from making its consumers prance and tumble about like a buck or a goat.] A double strong variety of lager-beer, darker in colour than the ordinary kinds, less bitter in taste, and considerably more intoxicating. Bomarea (bo-ma'rē-a), n. A genus of amaryllidaceous twining plants, natives of South America. See SALSILLA.

Bond. [add] The state of being deposited or placed in a bonded warehouse or store, as, tea and wine still in bond. Bone-cave (bōn'kāv), n. A cave in which are found bones of extinct animals, sometimes together with the bones of man or other traces of his contemporaneous exist

ence.

Bone-glue (bōn'glü), n. An inferior kind of

glue obtained from bones. Boobyism (böʻbi-izm), n. The state or quality of being a booby; stupidity; foolishness

Lamentable ignorance and boobyism on the stage of a private theatre.' Dickens. Booking-clerk (buk'ing-klärk), n. The clerk or official who supplies passengers with tickets at a booking-office. Bookwright (buk'rit), n. A writer of books. an author: a term of slight contem Kingsley.

Boot-stocking (böt'stok-ing), n. A large stocking which covers the leg like a jackboot. His boot-stockings coming high abore the knees.' Southey.

Boroglyceride (1ỏ-rô-gli‘sẻ-rid), n An antiseptic compound introduced by Prof. Barff, consisting of 92 parts of glycerine to 62 parts of boracic acid, to which is added, when used to preserve meat, oysters, milk, eggs, &c., about fifty times its weight in water.

Bottle-bellied (bot'l-bel-lid), a Having a belly shaped like a bottle; having a sweil

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Bouleversement (böl-vers-man), n. [Fr.] The act of overthrowing or overturning; the state of being overthrown or overturned; overthrow; overturn; subversion; hence, generally, convulsion or confusion." Bowstring-bridge (bō'string-brij), n. Same as Tension-bridge.

Box, n. [add] The phrase to be in the wrong box has, it seems, a respectable antiquity.

If you will hear how St. Augustine expoundeth that place, you shall perceive that you are in a Řidley (1554). wrong box.

I perceive that you and I are in a wrong box. F. Udall (1588). Boycott (boikot), v. t. [From Captain Boycott, an Irish landlord, the first prominent victim of the system.] To combine in refusing to work to, to buy or sell with, or in general to give assistance to, or have dealings with, on account of difference of opinion or the like in social and political matters: a word introduced under the auspices of the Land League in Ireland in 1880.

Boycotting was not only used to punish evicting landlords and agents, tenants guilty of paying rent, and tradesmen who ventured to hold dealings with those against whom the League had pronounced its anathema; but the League was now strong enough to use this means as an instrument of extending its organization and filling its coffers. Shopkeepers who refused to join and subscribe received reason to believe that they would be deprived of their custom: recalcitrant farmers found themselves without a market for their crops and cattle.

Annual Register (1880). Brass. [add.] 1. In its colloquial and slang senses the use of the word is by no means modern; namely, (a) money.

We should scorn each bribing varlet's brass.
Bp. Hall.

(b) Impudence; shamelessness.

She in her defence made him appear such a rogue that the chief justice wondered he had the brass to appear in a court of justice. Roger North.

2. pl. The brass musical instruments in a band or orchestra.

1. A paBread-basket (bred'bas-ket), n. pier mâché or metal tray used for holding bread at table.-2. The stomach. [Slang.]

Another came up to second him, but I let drive at the mark, made the soup-maigre rumble in his breadbasket, and laid him sprawling. Foote.

Breadwinner (bred'win'èr), n. One who works for the support of himself or of himself and a family; a member of that section of the community whose earnings support both themselves and the women and children.

Breech-block (brech'blok), n. A movable piece at the breech of a breech-loading gun which is withdrawn for the insertion of the charge and closed before firing to receive the impact of the recoil. E. H. Knight. Breech-pin, Breech-screw (brech'pin, brech'skrö), n. A plug screwed into the rear end of the barrel of a breech-loading firearm forming the bottom of the charge chamber. E. H. Knight.

Breech-sight (brèch'sit), n. The graduated sight at the breech of a gun, which, in conjunction with the front sight, serves to aim the gun at an object. E. H. Knight. Briar-root (bri'ér-röt), n. [The first part of this word is a corruption of Fr. bruyère, heath.] The root of the white heath, a shrub often growing to a large size. The roots are gathered extensively in the south of France and in Corsica for the purpose of being made into the tobacco-pipes now so much used under the name of briar-root pipes.

Bric-a-brac (brik-a-brak), n. [Fr. According to Littré based on the phrase de bric et de broc, by hook or by crook, bric being an old word meaning a kind of trap for catching birds, &c., and broc, a pitcher or jug. Bric-a-brac would therefore be literally objects collected by hook or crook.] A collection of objects having a certain interest or value from their rarity, antiquity, or the like, as old furniture, plate, china, curiosities; articles of vertu.

Two things only jarred on his eye in his hurried glance round the room; there was too much bric-àbrac, and too many flowers. H. Kingsley.

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Without a bridge; not capable of being spanned as by a bridge. 'Bridgeless tide.' Southey.

Bridgeless (brij'les), a.

Bristol Milk. A mixed beverage of which sherry is the chief ingredient. Plenty of brave wine, and above all Bristol milk.' Pepys. 'A rich beverage made of the best Spanish wine, and celebrated over the whole kingdom as Bristol milk.' Macaulay. Broach-turner (brōch'tér-nèr), n. A menial whose occupation it is to turn a broach; a turnspit.

Dishwasher and broach-turner, loon! to me
Thou smellest all of kitchen as before.

Tennyson. Bronzify (bronz'i-fï), v.t. To represent in a bronze figure or statue; to cast in bronze. St. Michael descending upon the Fiend has been caught and bronzified just as he lighted on the castle Thackeray. of St. Angelo. Broom (bröm), v. t. To sweep, or clear away, as with a broom. The poor old workpeople brooming away the fallen leaves.' Thack

eray.

Brumous (brö'mus), a. [L. bruma, the winter season.] Pertaining or relating to winter; hence, foggy; misty; dull and sunless; as, a brumous climate.

Brushman (brush'man), n. A painter.

How difficult in artists to allow

To brother brushmen even a grain of merit! Dr. Wolcot. Brusquerie (brüsk-rē). [Fr.] Same as Brusk

ness.

Dorothea looked straight before her, and spoke with cold brusquerie. George Eliot. Bubble and Squeak. A dish consisting of fried beef and cabbage: probably so called from the sounds made during frying. Sometimes also used contemptuously for something specious, deceptive, worthless.

Rank and title! bubble and squeak! No! not half so good as bubble and squeak; English beef and good cabbage. But foreign rank and title; foreign cabbage and beef! foreign bubble and foreign squeak. Ld. Lytton.

Buccinatory (buk'sin-a-to-ri), a. Of or pertaining to the buccinator or trumpeter's muscle. The buccinatory muscles along

his cheeks.' Sterne. Bull-dog. [add.] 1. A cant name for a pistol: compare Barker.

'I have always a brace of bull-dogs about me.' So saying, he exhibited a very handsome, highly finished, and richly mounted pair of pistols. Sir W. Scott.

2. A bailiff.

I sent for a couple of bull-dogs, and arrested him. Farquhar. Bulldoze (bul'dōz), v.t. 1. To administer a dozen strokes of a bull whip or cowhide to, a mode of summary punishment in some parts of the United States, where the action of the law was considered too slack or dilatory.-2. To intimidate at elections, as negroes by the whites, to influence their votes; hence, to exercise political influence on in any way. [Recent American political slang.] One who bullBulldozer (bul'dōz-ér), n.

dozes. Burlap (bérlap), n. A coarse, heavy, textile fabric of jute, flax, manilla, or hemp used for bags or wrappers. A superior quality is sometimes manufactured and made into curtains.

Burnet-saxifrage (ber'net-sakʼsi-frāj), n. Pimpinella Saxifraga. See PIMPINELLA. One who burrows; Burrower (bu'ro-ér), n. specifically, an animal, such as the rabbit, which excavates and inhabits burrows or holes in the earth; a burrowing animal. Butch (buch), v.t. To butcher. [Rare.]

Take thy huge offal and white liver hence, Or in a twinkling of this true blue steel I shall be butching thee from nape to rump. Sir H. Taylor. More than Butter-weight (but'èr-wat), n. full weight; a larger or more liberal allowance than is usual or stipulated for: from an old local custom of allowing 18 to 22 oz. to the pound of butter. Swift. Butthorn (but'thorn), n. [The first part of the word is probably the but of halibut, the second part from its spiny surface.] A kind of star-fish, Asterias aurantiaca. See STARFISH.

Buyable (bi'a-bl), a. Capable of being bought or of being obtained for money.

The spiritual fire which is in that man. buyable nor saleable.

is not

Carlyle. By-product (bi'prod-ukt), n. A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product or material; as, wood-tar is obtained as a by-product in the destructive distillation of wood for the manufacture of wood-vinegar or wood-spirit.

CANSTICK

C.

Cabinet (kab'in-et), a. Confidential; secret; private. In accordance with this sense the term cabinet council was long in general use before it became specifically applied in politics.

Massinger.

Hudibras.

Those are cabinet councils. And not to be communicated. Others still gape t' anticipate The cabinet designs of Fate. Cacao-butter (ka-kä'ō-but-ér), n. The oil expressed from the seeds of the chocolatetree (Theobroma Cacao). See CACAO. Cacodoxy (kak'o-dok-sí), n. [Gr. kakos, bad, and doxa, doctrine. ] A false or wrong opinion or opinions; erroneous doctrine, especially in matters of religion; heresy. Cacogastric (kak'ō-gas-trik), a. (Gr. kakos, bad, and gaster, the stomach.] Pertaining to a disordered stomach or dyspepsia; dyspeptic. The woes that chequer this imperfect cacogastric state of existence.' Carlyle. Cadre (kä-dr), n. [Fr., from L. quadrum, a square.] A list of the commissioned and non-commissioned officers of a regiment forming the staff; the skeleton of a regiment; the staff.

Cæsarism (së'zèr-izm), n. A system of government resembling that of a Caesar or emperor; despotic sway exercised by one who has been put in power by the popular will; imperialism.

Calf. [add.] Also, calf-skin leather; as, a book bound in calf.

Calf-love (käf'luv), n. A youthful, romantic passion or affection, as opposed to a serious, lasting attachment or love.

It's a girl's fancy, just, a kind o' calf love; let it go by. Mrs. Gaskell. Same as Caliginosity (ka-lij’i-nos”i-ti), n. Caliginousness.

I dare not ask the oracles; I prefer a cheerful caliginosity, as Sir Thomas Browne might say. George Eliot. Calorescence (kal-o-res'ens), n. [L. calor, heat.] In physics, the transmutation of heat rays into others of higher refrangibility; a peculiar transmutation of the invisible calorific rays, observable beyond the red rays of the spectrum of solar and electric light, into visible luminous rays, by passing them through a solution of iodine in bisulphide of carbon, which intercepts the luminous rays and transmits the calorific. The latter, when brought to a focus, produce a heat strong enough to ignite combustible substances, and to heat up metals to incandescence; the less refrangible calorific rays being converted into rays of higher refrangibility, whereby they become luminous. Calotte (ka-lot'), n. [Fr.] A skull-cap; especially, a skull-cap worn by ecclesiastics. Calotypist (kal'o-tip-ist), n. One who takes photographs by the calotype process: in the extract used loosely and equivalent to photographer.

I imprint her fast

Browning.

On the void at last, As the sun does whom he will By the calotypist's skill, Camestres (ka-mes'trēz), n. In logic, a mnemonic word designating a syllogism of the second figure, having a universal affirmative major premiss, a universal negative minor, and a universal negative conclusion. Campaign (kam-pan'), v.t. To employ in campaigns. 'An old soldier. . . who had been campaigned, and worn out to death in the service." Sterne. The wood of Candlewood (kan'dl-wud), n.

a West Indian resinous tree, Amyris balsamifera. Called also Rhodeswood. Cannabin (kan'na-bin), n. A poisonous resin extracted from hemp, by exhausting the bruised plant (Cannabis indica) with alcohol. To this resin are due the narcotic effects of hashish or bhang. See BHANG. Cannibal, n. [add.] An animal that eats the flesh of members of its own or kindred species.

Darwin. One who

They (worms) are cannibals, for the two halves of a dead worm placed in two of the pots were dragged into the burrows and gnawed. Canoeist, Canoist (ka-no'ist), n. practises the paddling of a canoe; one skilled in the management of a canoe. Canstickt (kan'stik), n. A candlestick. Shak.

CANTABANK

Cantabank (kan'ta-bangk), n. [L. cantare, freq. of cano, to sing, and It. banco, a bench. Comp. MOUNTEBANK.] A singer on a stage or platform; hence, a common ballad-singer: in contempt. [Rare.]

He was no tavern cantabank that made it. But a Squire minstrel of your Highness' court. Sir H. Taylor. Caper-spurge (ka'per-spèrj), n. See SPURGE Capital (kap'i-tal), v.t. To furnish or crown with a capital, as a pillar or column. The white column capitalled with gilding.' Charlotte Bronte.

Capitalism (kap'i-tal-izm), n. The state of having capital or property; possession of capital.

The sense of capitalism sobered and dignified Paul de Florac. Thackeray. Carburet (kärbü-ret), v.t. To combine with carbon or a compound of it; specifically, to saturate, as inflammable vapour, by passing it through or over a liquid hydrocarbon, for the purpose of intensifying the illuminating power. E. H. Knight. Carburetor (kar'bu-ret-ér), n. An apparatus of various forms by which coal-gas, hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a liquid hydrocarbon, to confer or intensify illuminating power. E. H. Knight. Carburize (kärbū-riz), v.t. Same as Carburet, in Supp.

Carder (kärd'èr), n. One of an association of Irish rebels, so termed because they punished their victims by driving a wool or flax card into their backs and then dragging it down along the spine. Miss Edgeworth. This shall a Carder, that a White-boy be; Ferocious leaders of atrocious bands. Hood. Cardophagi (kär-dof'a-ji), n. pl. [Gr. kardos, a thistle, and phago, to eat.] Eaters of thistles; hence, donkeys.

Kick and abuse him, you who have never brayed; but bear with him all honest fellow cardophagi; long-eared messmates, recognize a brother donkey! Thackeray

That

Carina, n. [add. ] In zool. a prominent median ridge or keel in the sternum of all existing birds except the Cursores. Carnage (kür'naj), v.t. To strew or cover with carnage or slaughtered bodies. carnaged plain.' Southey. Carnarie, Carnary (kar'na-ri), n. [L. caro, carnis, flesh.] A bone-house attached to a church or burial place; charnel-house. Carnatet (kär'nat), a. Invested with or embodied in flesh: same as the modern Incarnate, which word, however, is used in the extract as if the in- were privative.

I fear nothing... that devil carnate or incarnate can fairly do against a virtue so established. Richardson.

Carpenter (kärpen-tér), v.i. To do carpenter's work; to practise carpentry.

He varnished, he carpentered, he glued. Miss Austin. Mr. Grimwig plants, fishes, and carpenters with great ardour. Dickens.

Carriage-company (kar'rij-kum-pa-ni), n. People who keep their carriages; those wealthy people who pay visits, &c., in their own carriages.

There is no phrase more elegant and to my taste than that in which people are described as 'seeing a great deal of carriage-company. Thackeray.

Carriaged (kar'rijd), a. Behaved; mannered. See CARRIAGE, n. 5. A fine lady... very well carriaged and mighty discreet.' Pepys. Castellar (kas-tel'ér), a. Belonging or pertaining to a castle. "Ancient castellar dungeons. Walpole.

Casting, n. [add.] Same as Worm-cast.

I resolved... to weigh all the castings thrown up within a given time in a measured space, instead of ascertaining the rate at which objects left on the surface were buried by worms. Darwin.

Castle. [add] Formerly a term applied to a kind of helmet. Some commentators have unnecessarily given casque or helmet as the equivalent of castle in the following passage:

Which of your hands hath not defended Rome, And reared aloft the bloody battle-axe, Writing destruction on the enemy's castle! Shak. Castrate (kas'trat), n. One who has been castrated, gelded, or emasculated; a eunuch. Casualism (kazh'ú-al-izm), n. The doctrine that all things exist or that all events happen by chance, that is, with an efficient, intelligent cause, and without design. Casualist (kazh'u-al-ist), n. One who believes in the doctrine of casualism. Cataclysmist (kat'a-kliz-mist), n. One who believes that many important geological phenomena are due to cataclysms.

694

Catapultier (kat'a-pul-ter), n. One who manages or discharges missiles from a catapult. C. Reade.

The state of being

Catastrophism (ka-tas'tro-fizm), n. The theory or doctrine that geological changes are due to catastrophes or sudden, violent physical causes, rather than to continuous and uniform processes. Cathood (kat hud), n. a cat. Decidedly my kitten should never attain to cathood. Southey. Cat-thyme (kat'tim), n. Teucrium Marum, a plant belonging to the Labiatæ, one of the germanders, formerly used in medicine. Caulker (kak'èr), n. [Perhaps so called from being regarded as keeping all tight, keeping out the wet.] A dram; a glass or other small quantity of spirits. [Slang.] No? Tak' a drap o' Kingsley.

Take a caulker 1 kindness yet for auld langsyne. Causationism (ka-za'shon-izm), n. Same as Law of Universal Causation. See under CAUSATION. Causationist (ka-za'shon-ist), n. One who believes in causationism or in the operation of the law of causation.

Causeuse (kō-zéz), n. [Fr., from causer, to converse.] A small sofa or settee for seating two persons.

Cavo-rilievo (ka'vo-ré-le-a'vo), n. [It.] In sculp. a kind of relief in which the highest

Cavo-rilievo-Wall-sculpture, Great Temple of
Philoe, Egypt.

surface is only level with the plane of the original stone. Sculpture of this kind is much employed in the decoration of the walls of Egyptian temples.

Ceiba (sa-e'ba or tha-e'ba), n. [Sp.] The silkCeladon (sel'a-don), n. cotton tree (Bombax Ceiba). See BOMBAX. A soft, pale, seagreen colour, so called from the name of the hero of the romance Astrée, popular in PorceFrance in the Louis XIV. epoch. lain beautiful with celadon.' Longfellow. Celluloid (sel'lu-loid), n. [From cellulose, and Gr. eidos, resemblance.] An artificial substance, chiefly composed of cellulose or vegetable fibrine, and much used as a substitute for ivory, bone, coral, &c., in the manufacture of piano-keys, buttons, billiardballs, shirt cuffs, &c. The cellulose is first reduced by acids to pyroxyline, camphor is then added, and the mixture is subjected to immense hydraulic pressure. The compound may then be moulded by heat and pressure to any desired shape, and it becomes hard, elastic, and capable of taking on a fine finish. Cenogamy (se-nog'a-mi), n. Same as Coenog. amy.

Cental (sen'tal), a. [L. centum, a hundred.] Pertaining to or consisting of a hundred; reckoning or proceeding by the hundred. Centrifugence (sen-trif ü-jens), n. The tendency to fly off from the centre; centrifugal force or tendency. Emerson. Centumvirate. [add.] A body of a hundred men. Finding food and raiment all that term for a centumvirate of the profession.' Sterne.

Cephalotripsy (sef'a-lo-trip-si), n. In obstetrics, the act or practice of operating with the cephalotribe; the operation of crushing the head of the foetus in the womb to facilitate delivery. Dunglison.

Cerebralism (ser'e-bral-izm), n. In psychol. the theory or doctrine that all mental operations arise from the activity of the cerebrum or brain.

Cerebralist (ser'e-bral-ist), n. One who holds the doctrine or theory of cerebralism. Chalcidida (kal-sid'i-dė), n. pl. (Gr. chalkis, a kind of lizard, and eidos, resemblance.] A

CHORAL

family of lizards, with long, snake-like bodies, but having minute fore and hind limbs present; the scales are rectangular, and arranged in transverse bands which do not overlap All the members of the group are American. H. A. Nicholson. Chalcopyrite (kal-ko-pirit), n. [Gr. kalkos, copper, and pyrites, from pyr, fire.] Yellow or copper pyrites. See under PYRITES Chancery. [add.] A pugilistic term for the position of an opponent's head when it is under one's arm, so that it may be held and pommelled severely, the victim meanwhile being unable to retaliate effectively; hence, sometimes figuratively used of an awkward fix or predicament Change. [add.]-To put the change on, to trick; to mislead; to deceive; to humbug I have put the change upon her that she may be otherwise employed. Congres You cannot put the change on me so easy as you think, for I have lived among the quick-stirring spirits of the age too long to swallow chaff for grain.

Sir IV. Scott.

Chaplet (chap'let), v.t. To crown or adorn with a chaplet. His forehead chapleted green with wreathy hop.' Browning. Chapter, v.t. [add] To divide or arrange into chapters, as a literary composition. Chattiness (chat'ti-nes), n. The quality or state of being chatty; talkativeness. Chauvinist (sho'vin-ist), n. A person imbued with chauvinisme; a chauvin. Chauvinistic (shō-vin-ist'ik), a. Pertaining to or characterized by chauvinisme; fanatically devoted to any cause.

Cheeper (chep'êr), n. One who or that which cheeps, as a young chicken; specifically, among sportsmen, the young of the grouse and some other game birds.

Cheese, n. [add.] The inflated appearance of a gown or petticoat resulting from whirling round and making a low curtsey; hence, a low curtsey.

What more reasonable thing could she do than amuse herself with making cheeses! that is, whirling round... until the petticoat is inflated like a balloon and then sinking into a curtsey. De Quincy.

She and her sister both made these cheeses in compliment to the new-comer, and with much stately agility. Thackeray.

Chemico-electric (kem'i-kō-é-lek"trik), a. Pertaining or relating to electricity resulting from chemical action; galvanism; also, pertaining to chemical action resulting from electricity.

Chemosmosis (kem-os-mo'sis), n. [From chem- in chemistry, and osmosis] Chemical action acting through an intervening membrane, as parchment, paper, &c. Chemosmotic (kem-os-mot'ik), a. Pertaining or relating to chemosmosis. Childkind (child' kind), n. [Child and kind, on type of mankind, womankind. ] Children generally. All mankind, womankind, and childkind.' Carlyle. Chinkers (chingk'èrz), n. pl. Coin; money. [Slang.]

Are men like us to be entrapped and sold And see no money down, Sir Hurly-Burly? So let us see your chinkers. Sir H. Taylor. Chirographosophic (ki'ro-graf'o-sof ik), n. [Gr. cheir, the hand, graphó, to write, and sophos, wise.] An expert in chirography; a judge of handwriting. Kingsley. [Rare.] Chirotony (ki-rot'o-ni), n. [Gr. cheir, the hand, and teino, to hold out.] Imposition of hands in ordaining priests. Chivalresque (shival-resk), a. [Fr. chee. aleresque.] Pertaining to chivalry; chivalrous. Some warrior in a chivalresque romance. Miss Burney. Chloralism (klo'ral-izm), n. In med. a morbid state of the system arising from the incautious or habitual use of chloral. Chorogryl (ke'ro-gril), n. (Gr. choires, a hog, and gryllos, a pig.) A name of the Hyrax syriacus or rock-rabbit. Choropotamus (ker-o-pot'a-mus), n. [Gr. choiros, a hog, and potamos, a river. ] A genus of fossil ungulate quadrupeds of the group Suidæ, remains of which have been found in the gypsum beds of Montmartre, near Paris.

Chokey (chok'i), a. 1. Same as Choky.2. Inclined to choke; having a choking sensation in the throat. [Colloq.]

The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather chokey. T. Hughes. Choral, a. [add.]-Choral service, a church service of song: said to be partly choral when only canticles, hymns, &c., are chanted or sung, and wholly choral when, in addition to these, the versicles, responses, &c., are chanted or sung.

[graphic]

CHRISTDOM

Christdom (kris'dum), n. The rule or service of Christ, whose service is perfect freedom. [Rare.]

They know the grief of men without its wisdom; They sink in man's despair without its calm; Are slaves, without the liberty in Christdom. E. B. Browning. Chromatism (krō'ma-tizm), n. 1. Chromatic aberration. See ABERRATION, 3.-2. Same as Chromism.

Chromophotography (krō'mō-fō-tog'ra-fi), n. The art or process of producing coloured photographic pictures. See CHROMATYPE. Chromotypography (krō'mo-ti-pog'ra-fi), n. Typography in colours, the art of printing with type in various colours. Chromoxylography (krō'mō-zi-log"ra-fi), n. The art or process of producing wood engravings in various colours. Chrysaniline (kris-an'i-lin), n. [Gr. chrysos, gold, and E. aniline.] (C20 H17 N3.) A beautiful yellow colouring matter obtained as a secondary product in the preparation of rosaniline, and considered a splendid dye for silk and wool. Called also Aniline Yellow. Chrysophyll (kris'ō-fil), n. [Gr. chrysos, gold, and phyllon, a leaf.] The bright golden yellow colouring matter of plants; xanthophyll.

Chthonophagia, Chthonophagy (thon-ōfa'ji-a, tho-nof'a-ji), n. [Gr.chthon, chthonos, Dirt-eating; earth, and phago, to eat. ] cachexia Africana. See DIRT-EATING. Ciclatoun, n. Same as Siclatoun. Chaucer. Circumnutate (sér-kum-nü'tāt), v. i. [L. circum, round, and nuto, freq. from nuo, to nod.] To nod or turn round; specifically, in bot. to move round in a more or less cir cular or elliptical path: said of the stem and other organs of a plant. See CIRCUMNUTATION.

It will be shown that apparently every growing part of every plant is continually circumnutating, though often on a small scale. Darwin.

Circumnutation (sér'kum-nu-tā"shon), n. A nodding or inclining round about; specifically, in bot. the continuous motion of every part or organ of every plant, in which it describes irregular elliptical or oval figures; as, for instance, the apex of a stem, after pointing in one direction commonly moves back to the opposite side, not, however, returning along the same line. While describing such figures, the apex often travels in a zigzag line, or makes small subordinate loops or triangles.

On the whole, we may at present conclude that increased growth first on one side, and then on the other, is a secondary effect, and that the increased turgescence of the cells, together with the extensi bility of their walls is the primary cause of the movement of circumnutation. Darwin.

Cirque-couchant (sirk-kö'shant), a. [Fr. cirque, a circus, and couchant, lying.] Lying coiled up. [Rare.]

Keats.

He found a palpitating snake, Bright, and cirque-couchant in a dusky brake. Citizenry (sit'i-zen-ri), n. The inhabitants of a city, as opposed to country people, or to the military, &c.; townspeople.

No Spanish soldiery nor citizenry, showed the least disposition to join him. Carlyle.

Citron, n. [add.] Same as Citron-water. 'Drinking citron with his Grace.' Miscellanies by Swift, Pope, and Arbuthnot. Clam (klam), n. The state or quality of having or conveying a cold, moist, viscous feeling; clamminess. Corruption, and the clam of death.' Carlyle.

Clap-stick (klap'stik), n. A kind of wooden rattle or clapper used in raising an alarm or the like.

He was not disturbed... by the watchmen's rappers or clap-sticks. Southey. Clastic (klas'tik), a. [Gr. klastos, broken.] Relating to what may be taken to pieces; as, clastic anatomy, the art of putting together or taking apart the pieces of a manikin. Clergy, n. [add.] Persons connected with the clerical profession or the religious orders.

I found the clergy in general persons of moderate minds and decorous manners; I include the seculars and regulars of both sexes. Burke.

Clergywoman (kler'ji-wu-man), n. A woman connected with the clergy or belonging to a clergyman's family.

From the clergywomen of Windham down to the charwomen the question was discussed. Mrs. Oliphant. Cleruchial (klē-rö’ki-al), a. [Gr. klerouchia -klēros, a lot, and echo, to have.] Pertaining to a kind of colonial land settlement

695

(called a klerouchia) in ancient Greece, by which a number of citizens obtained an allotment of land in a foreign country while still retaining all the privileges of citizens in their own state, where they might continue to reside. Bp. Thirlwall.

Clod, n. [add.] A bait used in fishing for eels, and consisting of a bunch of lobworms strung on to stout worsted. See CLOD-FISHING in Supp.

Clod-fishing (klod'fish-ing), n. A method of catching eels by means of a clod or bait of lobworms strung on worsted. The fisher allows this bait to sink to the bottom of the stream, and when he feels an eel tugging he raises the bait without a jerk from the water, and if successful he will find the eel has its teeth so entangled in the worsted as to be unable to let go.

Clodhopping (klod'hop-ing), a. Like a clodhopper; loutish; boorish; heavy treading, as one accustomed to walking on ploughed land.

What a mercy you are shod with velvet, Jane! a clodhopping messenger would never do at this juncCharlotte Bronte.

ture.

Close-time (klōs'tim), n. A certain season of the year during which it is unlawful for any person to catch or kill winged game and certain kinds of fish.

He had shot. some young wild-ducks, as, though close-time was then unknown, the broods of grouse were yet too young for the sportsman. Sir W. Scott. They came on a wicked old gentleman breaking the laws of his country, and catching perch in closetime out of a punt. H. Kingsley. Closure, n. [add.] Specifically, the bringing or putting an end to a debate so as to proceed immediately to vote on a question or measure in a deliberative assembly, as a parliament, by the decision of a competent authority, as the president, or by a majority of votes of the members themselves. Called also Clôture, of which French word it is a translation.

Clôture (klő-tür), n. [Fr.] Same as Closure, which see above.

Clyfaking (kli'fāk-ing), n. Pocket-picking. H. Kingsley. [Slang.]

Coadjust (kō-ad-just'), v.t. To adjust mutually or reciprocally; to fit to each other. Owen.

Coalised (kō-a-lizd'), p. and a. Joined by a coalition; allied. Rash coalised kings.' Carlyle. (Rare.]

Coal-oil (köl'oil), n. Same as Petroleum. Coal-scuttle, n. [add.]-Coal-scuttle bonnet, a woman's bonnet shaped like a coal-scuttle, and usually projecting far before the face. 'Miss Snevellici glancing from the depths of her coal-scuttle bonnet.' Dickens. Coastal (kōst'al), a. Of or pertaining to a coast or shore.

Coat, n. [add. ] An exaction levied by Charles I. on the pretext of providing clothing for the army: more usually called Coatmoney. See CONDUCT in Supp. Cob-house (kob'hous), n. A house built of cob, that is of a compost of puddled clay and straw, or of straw, lime, and earth. 'A narrow street of cob-houses whitewashed and thatched.' H. Kingsley. Cob-wall (kob'wal), n. A wall built up solid of cob. See COB-HOUSE above. Cock, n. [add.] A familiar form of address or appellation, preceded usually by old, and used much in the same way as chap, fellow, boy, &c.

He has drawn blood of him yet; well done, old cock! Massinger. He was an honest old cock, and loved his pipe and a tankard of cider, as well as the best of us. Graves. -That cock won't fight, that plan will not do, that story will not tell.

I tried to see the arms on the carriage, but there were none; so that cock wouldn't fight. Kingsley. Cock-bread (kok'bred), n. A kind of stimulating food given to game-cocks.

You feed us with cock-bread, and arm us with steel spurs that we may mangle and kill each other for your sport. Southey. Cœnogamy (sẽ-nog'a-mi), n. [Gr. koinos, common, and gamos, marriage.] The state of having husbands or wives in common; a community of husbands or wives, such as exists among certain primitive tribes. Coinless (koin'les), a. Having no coin or money; moneyless; penniless.Coinless bards.' Wm. Combe. Colibri (ko-le’brë), n. [Said to be the Carib name.] A name given to various species of humming-birds. Collaborate (kol-lab'ō-rāt), v.i. To work jointly or together.

CONDOTTIERE

Collective (kol-lektiv), a. [add.]-Collective note, in diplomacy, a note or official communication signed by the representatives of several governments. Collectivity (kol-lek-tiv'i-ti), n. Same as Collectiveness. John Morley.

Collegian (kol-lēji-an ), n. [add.] An inmate of a debtor's prison.

It became a not unusual circumstance for letters to be put under his door at night enclosing half-a-crown for the Father of the Marshalsea, with the Dickens. compliments of a collegian taking leave.' Collocutory (kol-lok'ü-to-ri), a. Pertaining to or having the form of a colloquy or conversation; colloquial.

We proceed to give our imitation, which is of the Amæbean or collocutory kind. Antijacobin. Colocola (kol-o-kō'la), n. A ferocious tigercat of Central America (Felis or Leopardus ferox). It equals or surpasses the ocelots in size, and is a terrible enemy to the animals among which it lives, especially the monkeys.

Columnal (ko-lum'nal), a. Same as Colum

nar.

Crag overhanging, nor columnal rock Cast its dark outline there. Southey. Comedietta (ko-mē'di-et"ta), n. A dramatic composition of the comedy class, but not so much elaborated as a regular comedy, and generally consisting of one or at most two acts.

Comfortativet (kum'fért-at-iv),a. Tending to promote comfort; capable of making comfortable. Comfortative and holesome too.' Udall. Comfortativet (kum'fèrt-at-iv), n. That which gives or ministers to comfort.

The two hundred crowns in gold. as a cordial and comfortative I carry next my heart. Jarvis. Commercialism (kom-mèr'shal-izm), n. The doctrines, tenets, or practices of com. merce or of commercial men. The buycheap-and-sell-dear commercialism in which he had been brought up.' Kingsley. Commode (kom-mōd'), a. [Fr. commode, commodious, accommodating, kind.] Accommodating; obliging. 'Am I not very commode to you.' Cibber. Commodely (kom-mōdli), adv. niently.

Conve

It will fall in very commodely between my parties. H. Walpole. Commorant (kom'mo-rant), n. A resident. All my time that I was a commorant in Cambridge.' Bp. Hacket. Commote (kom-mõt'), v.t. [See COMMOTION.] To commove; to disturb; to stir up. Hawthorn. Compesce (kom-pes'), v.t. [L. compesco, to fasten together, to confine.] To hold in check; to restrain; to curb. Carlyle. Compositous (kom-poz'i-tus), a. In bot. belonging to the order Composite; composite. Darwin.

Compulse (kom-puls'), v.t. To compel; to constrain; to oblige. Some are beaten and compulsed.' Latimer.

She rends her woes, shivers them in compulsed ab horrence. Charlotte Bronte. Comradery (kom'rād-ri), n. The state or feeling of being a comrade; companionship; fellowship.

Comtism (końt'izm), n. The philosophical system founded by Auguste Comte; positivism. See Positive Philosophy, under POSI

TIVE.

Comtist (kont'ist), n. A disciple of Comte; a positivist. [Also used as an adjective.] Concedence (kon sēd'ens), n. The act of conceding; concession. A mutual concedence.' Richardson. Concerned (kon-sèrnd'), p. and a. [add] Confused with drink; slightly intoxicated. 'Not that I know his Reverence was ever concern'd to my knowledge.' Swift. 'A little as you see concerned with liquor.' Sir H. Taylor. Concessible (kon-ses'i-bl), a. Capable of being conceded or granted. 'One of the most concessible postulations in nature.' Sterne. Concretianism (kon-krē'shan-izm), n. [L. con, together, and cresco, cretum, to grow.] The belief that the soul was generated at the same time as, and grows along with, the body.

Concutient (kon-ku'shi-ent), a. [See CONCUSSION.] Coming suddenly into collision; meeting together with violence. 'Meet in combat like two concutient cannon-balls.' Thackeray.

Condottiere (kon-dot'i-a"rå), n. pl. Condottieri (kon-dot'i-ă"rē). [It] One of the

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