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Wladimir, vla'dē-mēr (Rus.)
Woburn, wo'bern (Eng.)
Wodnian, võd'nē-an (Aust.)
Wohlau, vo'lou (Prus.)
Woking, wo'king (Eng.)
Wokingham, wo'king-ham (Eng.)
Wolborough, wol'bu-ru (Eng.)
Wolfenbüttel, võl'fen-but-tel (Ger.)
Wolfratshausen, vol fräts-houz-en(Ger.)
Wolga, võlga (Rus.) r.

Wollaston, wollas-ton (N. Am.)
Wollerau, võl'le-rou (Switz.)
Wollin, võl'lén (Prus.)

Wollishofen, võl'lès-hōf-en (Switz.)
Wollomba, wol-lom'ba (Austral.) r.
Wollongong, wol-lon-gōng' (Austral.)
Wolstanton, wul-stan'ton (Eng.)
Woluwe, vo-lu'vā (Bel.)

Wolverhampton, wyl-vér-hamp'ton (Eng.)

Wolverley, wul'vér-li (Eng.)
Wolverton, wul'vér-ton (Eng.)
Wombwell, wom'bel (Eng.)
Woodstock, wud'stok (Eng.)

Wooler, wul'êr (Eng.)

Woollya, wöllyä (S. Am.)
Woolwich, wul'ich (Eng.)

Woonsocket, wön-sok'et (U. S.)

Woosue, wo-su-a' (China)

Wootton Basset, wö'ten bas'set (Eng.)
Worcester, wös'ter (Eng.)

Workington, wèrk'ing-ton (Eng.)
Worksop, werk'sop (Eng.)

Wormeldingen, vor-mel'ding-en (Neth.)
Wormhoudt, võrm-ho' (Fr.)
Worms, vōrmz (Ger.)

Worsborough, wêrs'bu-ru (Eng.)

Worsley, wêrs'lē (Eng.)

Wörth, veurt (Ger.)

Worthing, wer'THing (Eng.)

Wortley, wêrt'li (Eng.)

Woudrichem, vou'dre-chem (Neth.)

Wouw, vouv (Neth.)

Woznesensk, voz-nā-sānsk' (Rus.)

Wrangell Land, rang'gel land (Arc. Oc.)

Wrekin, rek'in (Eng.)

Wrexham, reks'am (Eng.)

Writtle, rit'tl (Eng)

Wrockwardine, rok-war'din (Eng.)

Wulur, wu-lör' (Ind.) 7.

Wunsiedel, vönʼzě-del (Ger.)

Wunzendake, wun'zen-dä-kä (Jap.) mt. Wurda, wur'da (Ind.)

Würtemberg, vùr'tem-berg (Ger.)

Würzburg, vürts'borg (Ger.)

Wurzen, vör'tsen (Ger.)

Wustani, wus-ta'ně (Eg.)

Wusterhausen, vös'ter-houz-en (Prus.)

Wyandot, wi'an-dot (U. S.)

Wyborg, ve'borg (Rus.)

Wycombe, wi'kom (Eng.)

Wye, wi (Eng.) r.

Wyenbash, ve'an-bash (Rus.)

Wyk, wük (Den.)

Wymondham or Wyndham, wi'mond

ham or wind'am (Eng.)

Wynaad, wi-näd' (Ind.)
Wynegunga, win-gun'gä (Ind.) r.
Wyoming, wi-o'ming (U. S.)
Wyre, wir (Eng.) r.

Wyvis, Ben, ben wi'vis (Scot.) mt.

X.

(For most Spanish names in X see under J.)

Xalapa, cha-lä'pä (Mex.)

Xamiltepec, cha-mel'te-pek (Mex.) Xauten, ksän'ten (Ger.)

Xarayes, sha-ra'yas (Braz.) dist.

Xativa, cha-të'va (Sp.)

Xavier, San, sản chave-ār (S. Am.)

Xenia, ze'ni-a (U. S.)

Xenil, che-nel' (Sp.)

Xeres, cher-es' (Sp.)

Xingu, shen'go (Braz.) r.

Xulla, ksöllä (East. Arch.) isls.

Y.

Yablonoi, yab-lõ-nõ′ē (Sib.) mts. Yadkin, yad'kin (U. S.)

Fäte, fär, fat, fall; j, job; y, yes;

MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

me, met, hér, golden; TH, then; th, thin;

Yaguache, yä-gwä'che (Ecuad.)
Yaila, yi'lä (Rus.) mt.
Yakima, yak'i-ma (U. S.)
Yakutsk, ya-kötsk' (Sib.)
Yamina, ya-me'na (Af.)
Yana, ya'nä (Sib.) r.
Yanoan, ya-nä'on (Ind.)
Yandaboo, yän-da-bö' (Bur.)
Yangtse-kiang,yang-tse-ké-ang(China)
Yanina, yan'i-na (Albania)
Yaoori, ya-o'ré (Cent. Af.)
Yapura, ya-pu-rä' (S. Am.) r.
Yaqui, ya-ke' (Mex.; Hayti)
Yaracui, ya-rä-kwe' (Venez.)
Yarkand, yar'känd (As.) r.
Yarmouth, yar'muth (Eng.)
Yaroslaf, ya-rō-släf' (Rus.)

Yarra Yarra, yar'rä yärʼra (Austral.) r.
Yarriba, yar're-bä (W. Af.)

Yarrow, yar'rō (Scot.)
Yavapai, yav'a-pi (U. S.)
Yavari, ya-va-re' (S. Am.) r.

Yazoo, ya-zo (U. S.)

Ybicui, e-be-kwế' (Úrug.)

Yça, e'sa (Peru)

Yeadon, ye'don (Eng.)
Yeddo or Yedo, yed'o (Jap.)
Yellala, yel-la'la (Af.) falls
Yemen, yem'en (Ar.)

Yeni Bazar, ya'nē ba-zär' (Bosnia)
Yenidge, ya'ně-je (Tur.)

Yenikalé, ya-nē-kä'lā (Rus.) st. and ft.
Yenisei, ye-ne-să'ē (Sib.) r.

Yeniseisk, ya-nē-sa'ēsk (Sib.)

Yeou, ya-o' (Cent. Af.) r.

Yeovil, yo'vil (Eng.)

[blocks in formation]

Yetholm, yet'um (Scot.)

Yezd, yezd (Per.)

Yezdikhast, yez-de-käst' (Per.)

Ylopango, e-lo-pan'go (Cent. Am.) 7.
Yokohama, yō-kō-ha'mä (Jap.)

Yola, yo'la (Cent. Af.)

Yonkers, yongkérz (Ú. S.)

Yoomadung, yo'ma-dung (Ind.) mts.
Yori, yo'rě (Rus.) r.

Yosemite, yō-sem'i-te (U. S.)
Youghall, ya hal or yal (Ir.)
Youghiogheny, yö-hō-ga'ni (U. S.) r.
Ypane, e-pa'ne (S. Am.) r.

Ypres (French) or Ypern (Flemish),
e'per, i'pern (Bel.)
Ypsilanti, ip-si-lan'ti (U. S.)
Yrieix, St., san-të-ré-à' (Fr.)
Yser, e-sar' (Fr.) r.

Yssel, is'sel (Neth.) r.

Ysselmond, is'sel-mond (Neth.)

Yssengeaux, és-son-go' (Fr.)

Ystad, u'städ (Swe.)

Ystwith, ist'with (Wales) r.

Ythan, ith'an (Scot.) r.

Yucatan, yo-ka-tan' (Mex)

Yukari Sobla, yö-kä're sō'hila (Rus.)

Yukon, yu'kon (N. Am.) r.
Yunnan, yun-nan' (China)
Yunquera, yön-ke'rä (Sp.)
Yuritala, yö-re-tälä (Rus.)
Yuthia, yö-thya' (Burm.)
Yuzgat, yöz'gat (Tur.)

Yverdon, e-var-dön' (Switz.)
Yvetot, év-to' (Fr.)
Yvorne, é-vorn' (Switz.)

[blocks in formation]

Zagazig, zä-ga-zēg′ (Eg.)
Zagora, za'go-ra (Tur.)
Zahringen, tsa'ring en (Ger.)

Zalamea, tha-la-mea (Sp.)

Zalankoi, za-lan'kō-è (Rus.)

Zalathna, zo-lot'no (Transyl.)

Zaleszcyki, zä-lash-ché'kë (Aust. Gal.) Zambezi or Zambesi, zam-bé'zi (Af.)

r.

Zamora, thä-mō'rä (Sp.); să-mo'ra (Mex.)

Zancara, than-kä'rä (Sp.) r.
Zanguebar, zan-gå-bar” (Af.)
Zanskar, zäns-kär (As.)
Zante, zän'tā (Gr.) isl.

Zanzibar, zan-zē-bar (Af.)

Zapatosa, sa-pa-to'sa (Col. )7.

Zara, tsa'rä; Ital. pron. dza'ra (Dalmat.)

Zarafshan, za-räf'shän” (Sib.)

Zarskoe-Selo, tsar'sko-a-sa-lo" (Rus.)

Zaruma, sä-ro'mä (S. Am.)

Zbarasz, zba'räsh (Aust. Gal.)

Zea, zē'a (Gr.) isl.

Zebayer, za-ba'yar (Red Sea) isls.

Zebid, za-bed' (Ar.)`

Zeeland, za lant (Neth.)

Zehdenick, tsa'de-nek (Prus.)

Zehree, zech-re' (Belooch.)

Zeijst, za ist (Neth.)

Zeila, za'la (Af.)

Zeitun, za'ton (Gr.) g.

Zelaya, se-la'ya (Mex.)

Zellerfeld, tsal'ler-felt (Ger.)

Zelline, tsál-lē'nå (It.) r.

Zempelburg, tsam'pel-börg (Prus.)

Zemplin, zem-plen' (Hung.)

Zenjan, zan-jan' (Per.)

Zerafshan, ze-räf'shan" (Sib.) r.

Zerbst, tsårbst (Ger.)

Zernagora. See Zrnagora.

Zevenaar, zá've-när (Neth.)

Zevenhuizen, za-ven-hoiz'en (Neth.)

Zeyla, za'la (Af.)

Zezere, za-za'ră (Port.) r.

Zibello, tse-bāl'lō (It.)

Ziegenhain, tse'gen-hin (Ger.)

Zillerthal, tseller-tal (Tyrol.)

Zimmerwald, tsem'mer-valt (Switz.)
Zips, zeps (Hung.)

Zirez, zerts (Hung.)

Zirknitz, tserk'nēts (Aust.)

Zizers, tse'tserz (Switz.)

Zlatousk, zla-tosk' (Rus.)

Złoczow, zlō'chov (Aust. Gal.)

Znaim, tsnim (Aust.)

Zoest, zöst (Neth.)

Zofingen, tso'fing-en (Switz)

Zondereinde, zon'der-in-de (S. Af.)

mts.

Zonnebeke, zōn-nā-bā kā (Bel.)

Zonzonate, sōn-so-nä'te (Cent. Am.)

Zorita, thō-ré'ta (Sp.)

Zouga, zö'ga (S. Af.) r.

Zrnagora, cher-nag'ō-ra (Eur.)

Zsambek, zham'bek (Hung.)

Zubia, La, la tho'bë-a (Sp.)
Zug, tsög (Switz.)

Zuider-Zee, zoi'der-ză (Neth.)
Zuidlaren, zoid'la-ren (Neth.)
Zujar, thö-chär' (Sp.)
Zulia, sole-a (Venez.)

Züllichau, tsül'le-chou (Prus.)

Zülpich, tsul'pěch (Prus.)

Zululand, zo'lö-land (S. Af.)

Zundert, Groot, gröt zun'dert (Neth.)

Zurgena, thör-che'na (Sp.)

Zürich, tsû'rech (Switz.)

Zuruma, zu-röʻma (Braz.) r.

Zutphen, zut'fen (Neth.)

Zuyder-Zee, zoi'der-ză (Neth.)

Zvornik, zvôr'něk (Tur.)

Zwarte Berg, zvär'te-berg (S. Af) mt.

Zwartesluis, zvär'te-slois (Neth.)

Zweibrücken, tsvi'brük-en (Ger.)

Zweisimmen, tsvi'sêm-men (Switz.)

Zwellendam, zvel'len-dam (S. Af.)

Zwickau, tsvēk ́kou (Ger.)

Zwijndrecht, zvin'drecht (Neth.)

Zwittau, tsvet'tou (Aust.)
Zwittawa, zvēt-ta'vä (Aust.)

Zwolle, zvolle (Neth.)

Zwyndrecht, zvin'drecht (Bel.)

Zydaczow, ze-dach'ov (Aust.)
Zyghur, zi-gur' (Ind.)
Zyria, zëri-a (Gr.) mt.

Zytomir, zhet-o-mēr (Rus.)

oil, pound; ch, chain; g. go ǹ, on. German, ch, nacht

FOREIGN WORDS

WHICH FREQUENTLY FORM PARTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES,

WITH EXAMPLES OF THEIR USE.

Å (Sw.), river, as in Torneå.

Aa (Dan. and D.), river, as Groote Aa, great river (Holland).

Ab or Aub (Per.), water; as Doab, two rivers; Punjaub, five rivers.

Abad (Per., Hind., &c.), house, town; as Akbarabad, town of Akbar; Hyderabad, town of Hyder.

Abbas (Per), father; Abbasabad, paternal town or abode.

Aber (Celt.), mouth of a river; Aberdeen, town at the mouth of the Dee; Aberavon, mouth of the Avon.

Adel (G.), noble; Adelsberg, noble's mountain; Adelsheim, noble's home.

Agoa (Pg), Agua (Sp), water; Agoa Fria, cold water; Aguas Calientes, warm waters. Ain (Ar.), a spring; Ain Moosa, spring of Moses.

Ak (Turk.), white; Ak-Serai, white palace; Ak-su, white river.

Al, El (Ar.), the or a; Alcantara, the bridge; Alcazar, the palace.

Allah (Ar.), God; Allahabad, town of God. Alp, Alb (Celt.), an elevated place; Alpnach, high waters.

Alsó (Hung), lower, opposite of Felsö, upper; Alsó Lendva.

Alt (G.), old; Altdorf (or Altorf), old village; Altenkirchen, old churches. Alta, Alto (Sp., It., Pg.), high; Tierra Alta, high land (Sp.).

Ard (Celt.), high, height; Ardglass, green height; Ardnamurchan, height of the great headland.

Arl, Adler (G.), eagle; Arlberg, Adlerberg, eagle's mountain.

Arroyo (Sp.), rivulet; Arroyo de Puerco, rivulet of the hog.

Au, Aue (G), meadow; Reichenau, rich meadow; Goldene Aue, golden meadow. Aven, Avon (Celt.), flowing water; Avonmore, great water; Strathaven, valley of the river.

Bab (Ar., Chal.), gate, court; Bab-el-Mandeb, gate of tears.

Baba (Turk.), father; Babadagh, father mountain.

Bach (G.), brook, rivulet; Erlenbach, alder brook; Fischbach, fish brook; Schwarzenbach, black or dark brook.

Bad (G.), bath; Baden, the baths; Carlsbad, Charles's bath.

Bahia (Sp., Pg.), bay: Bahia de Todos or Santos, bay of all saints.

Bahr (Ar.), sea, river; Bahr Lut, sea of Lot, the Dead Sea; Bahr-el-Abiad, the white river (White Nile).

Bal or Bally (Celt.), town; Ballinderry, town of the oak wood; Ballyclare, town on the plain; Ballachulish, town on the strait. Banya (Hung), a mine; Banya-Nagy, great mine; Banya-Felsö, upper mine. Bar (Hind.), country; Malabar, mountainous country.

Bazar, Basar (Turk.), market town; NoviBazar or Yeni-Bazar, new market town. Beau, Bel (Fr.), beautiful; Beaulieu, beautiful place; Belmont, beautiful mountain. Bela, Bielo (Rus.), white; Belgrade, white town; Bielaya, white stream. Beled, Bilad (Ar.), country, town; Biledulgerid, country of dates. Bello, Bella (It., Sp., and Pg.), beautiful; Portobello, beautiful port.

Ben (Celt.), hill; Ben More, the great hill; Ben Cruachan, the cone-shaped mountain; Ben Macdhui, mountain of the black sow. Bender (Turk., Per.), port; Bender-Abbaz (Persia).

Berg (G.), hill, mountain; Carlsberg, Charles's hill; Konigsberg, king's hill; Schwarzenberg, black hill.

Beth (Heb.), house; Bethel, house of God; Bethhoron, house of the hollows; Bethlehem, house of bread.

Bhúm, Bhoom (Hind.), land, country; Birbhúm, land of heroes.

Bir (Ar.), well; Bir-es-Seba, well of seven

Bischof (G.), bishop; Bischofsheim, bishop's
home; Bischofzell, bishop's cell.
Blanc, Blanche (Fr.), white; Mont Blanc;
Dent Blanche, white tooth (mountain peak).
Blanco (Sp.), white; Cabo Blanco, white

cape.

Bocca (It.), Boca (Sp., Pg.), mouth; Boca Chica, little mouth.

Borg (Sw., Dan.), castle; Aalborg, eel town; Frederiksborg.

Bosch (D.), wood; Hertogenbosch, duke's wood (Bois-le-duc).

Bouroun or Bournu (Turk.), cape; NaratBourun, cape of firs.

Bruck, Brück (G.), bridge; Innsbrück, the bridge over the Inn; Zweibrücken, the two bridges.

Brugg (Swiss), bridge; Glattbrugg Brunn, Brunnen (G.), well; Schönbrunn, beautiful well.

Bueno, Buena (Sp.), good; Buenos Ayres, fine airs; Buena Vista, fine view; Buenaventura, good luck.

Burg (G.), castle, fortified place; Rothenburg, red castle; Augsburg, castle of Augustus. By (Dan.), town; Sundby, town on the sound; | Ashby, ash town; Kirkby, church town.

Caer, Car (Celt.), fortified place, fortified

town; Caer-Caradoc, fort of Caradoc or Caractacus; Carnarvon, fort in Arvon. Casa (Sp.), house; Casas-Grandes, the great houses.

Cerro (Sp.), mountain-peak, rugged hill; Cerro de Pasco.

Chang and Chung (Chinese), middle; Changchoo-foo; Chang-chuen.

Chow (Chinese), island, second-class city; Hang-chow.

Cidade (Pg.), city; Cidade do Recife, city of the reef.

Cima (It.), mountain-peak; Cima Nove, new peak.

Citta (It.), city, town; Citta-di-Castello, town of the castle.

Ciudad (Sp.), city; Ciudad Real, royal city; Ciudad-Rodrigo, city of Roderick.

Civita (It.), town; Civita Vecchia, old town. Col (Fr.), pass, elevated pass; Col de Géant, giant's pass.

Croce (It.), cross; Santa Croce, the holy cross. Croix (Fr.), cross; Sainte Croix, the holy

cross.

Cruz (Sp.), cross; Vera Cruz, the true cross;
Santa Cruz, the holy cross.
Cumbre (Sp.), mountain peak; Cumbres Al-
tas, the high peaks.

Czerna, Czerny, Cherni (Slav.), black; Czernagora, the black mountain (= Montenegro); Czernamore, the Black Sea.

Dagh, Tagh (Per., Turk.), mountain or mountain-range; Babadagh, father mountain. Dal (Dan., Sw.), valley, dale; Dal Elf, valley river.

Dam (D.), dam; Amsterdam, the dam of the Amstel; Rotterdam, dam of the Rotte. Daria, Darya (Per.), sea, river; Amu Darya, Sir Darya

Diva, Din (Hind.), island; the Maldives, Laccadives.

Dun (Celt.), fort; Dundee, the fort on the Tay.

Eisen (G), iron; Eisenberg, iron mountain;
Eisenstadt, iron town.

El, Al (Ar.), the or a; El Kantara, the bridge.
See Al. (El is also Spanish for the.)
Elf (Sw), river; Göta-Elf; Dal-Elf, river of
the dale.

Eski (Turk), old; Eski-Hissar, old castle;
Eski-Stambul, old Constantinople.

Feld (G), field; Feldkirch, field church;
Hirschfeld, field of the stag.
Fels, Felsen (G.), rock; Drachenfels, dragon

rock.

Felso (Hung), upper; opposite of Alsó, lower; Felsö Lendva.

Fjeld or Field (Dan.), Fjäll (Sw.), mountain, mountains, as the Drovrefjeld, the Fille

Foo (Chinese), first-class city; Tse-nan-foo. Frey, Frei (G.), free; Freiburg, free castle or town.

Fried, Frieden (G.), peace; Friedland, land of peace.

Fürst (G.), prince; Fürstenwalde, prince's wood.

Gamla (Sw.), old; Gamla Karleby, old Charlestown.

Garh, Gurh, Ghur (Hind.), castle; Futtehgurh, fort of victory.

Gawa (Japanese), river; Sakada-gawa; Sin

ano-gawa.

Gebirge (G), mountains; Riesengebirge, giant mountains.

Ghaut, Ghát (Hind.), a mountain pass, also a landing-place or flight of steps on the side of a river.

Giri (Hind.), mountains; Nilgiri (Neilgherry), blue mountains.

Gora (Slav.), mountain; Czernagora, black mountain (= Montenegro).

Gorod, Grad (Slav.), town; Novgorod, new town.

Graf, Grafen (G.), count; Grafenberg, count's hill.

Grande (Sp., It., Pg.), great; Rio Grande, great river.

Groote (D.), great; Groote Aa, great river. Gross (G.), great; Gross-Glogau; Gross-Biberan.

Gunong (Malay), mountain; Gunong Tebur; Gunong Api.

Hafen (G.), Havn (Dan.), port; Bremerhafen, port of Bremen; Kjobenhavn, merchant's haven (Copenhagen).

Hai (Chi.), sea; Whang-hai, Hoang-hai, yellow sea.

Ham, Hamn (Sw.), port; Carlshamn, Charles's haven.

Haus (G.), house; Neuhaus, new house; Oberhausen, upper houses.

Havn (Dan.), port. See Hafen, Ham.
Hegy (Hung.), mountain; Hegy-allya.
Heilige, Heiligen (G.), holy, saint; Heiligen-
stadt, holy town.

Heim (G), home (=E. -ham); Bischofsheim, bishop's home.

Hinter (G.), hinder, lying behind; Hinter Rhein, the name of a head-water of the Rhine.

Hissar (Turk.), castle; Ak-Hissar, white castle; Kara-Hissar, black castle.

Ho (Chinese), river, canal; Hoang-ho, yellow river; Pei-ho, white river. Hoang (Chinese), yellow; Hoang-ho, yellow river; Hoang-choo, yellow town. Hoch (G.), high; Hochkirch, high church; Hochberg, high mountain.

Hof (G.), court, farm, estate; Hof-wyl. Hohe (G), height; Hohenzollern, the height of the Zoller family.

Holm (Sw., Dan.), small island; Bornholm, island of Burgundians.

Hondo, Honda (Sp.), deep; Rio Hondo, deep river.

Île, Isle (Fr.), island; Belleisle, beautiful island; Lisle (l'isle), the island. Inver (Celt.), mouth of a river; Inverness, mouth of the Ness.

Irmak (Turk.), river; Kizil-Irmak, red river (the ancient Halys).

Isola (It.), Isla (Sp.), Ilha (Pg.), island; Isola Bella, beautiful island; Ilha Grande, great island.

Jebel, Djebel (Ar.), mountain; Jebel Moosa, mount of Moses, the modern Arabic name of Mt. Sinai; Gibraltar, corrupted from Jebel al Tarik, mount of Tarik. Jeni (Turk), new. See Yeni. Jezireh (Ar.), island; Al Jezireh, the name of the region between the Euphrates and Tigris.

Kafir (Ar.), infidel; Kafiristan, land of in

FOREIGN WORDS IN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.

Kaiser (G), emperor; Kaiserstuhl, emper-
or's chair or throne; Kaiserstadt, emperor's
town.

Kale (Turk.), castle; Yeni-kale, new castle;
Kale Dagh, castle hill.
Kand, Khand, Kund (Hind.), land, country;
Khokand, land of mountains; Bundelkhand.
Kara (Turk.), black; Kara-Su, black river;
Kara-Hissar, black fortress.

Kiang (Chinese), river; Yang-tse-kiang, son
of the sea river; Ta-kiang, great river; Pe-
kiang, north river.

Kil (Celt.), cell, church; Kilpatrick, church

or cell of St. Patrick; Kilkenny, church of
St Kenny; Kildare, church of the oaks.
Kin (Celt.), head, upper part; Kinloch, head
of the loch.

King (Chinese), town; Pe-king, northern city;
Nan-king, southern city.

Kio, Kei (Japanese), town; Tokio, same as
Yedo.

Kirche (G.), church; Kirchdorf, church vil-
lage; Kirchberg, church mountain; Fünf-
kirchen, five churches.

Kis (Hung.), little; Kis-barath; Kis-ber.
Kizil, Kysyl (Turk), red; Kizil-Irmak, red
river; Kizil Kum, red sand (desert south-
east of the Aral Sea).

Klein (G.), little; Klein-Glogau, as distin-
guished from Gross-Glogau.

Koh, Kuh (Per.), mountain; Hindu-koh, In-
dian mountain.

Kol, Kul (Tart.), lake; Kara Kul, black lake;
Issikol or Issikul.

König (G.), king; Königsberg, king's moun-
tain.

Kopf (G.), head; Schneekopf, snow-head, snow-capped mountain.

Köping (Dan., Sw.), market-town; Nyköping, new market-town.

Krasnoe (Rus.), pretty; Krasnoe-selo, pretty village.

Krasnoi (Rus.), red; Krasnoiarsk, town of the red cliff.

Kreis (G), circle, district forming an administrative division.

Lago (It., Sp., Pg.), lake; Lago Maggiore, the greater lake.

Laguna (It., Sp.), marsh, lagoon.

Langen, Lange (G.), long; Langenberg, long

mountain.

Lauter (G.), clear; Lauterbrunnen, clear
fountains.

Levante (It.), east, eastern region; hence the
Levant.

Licht (G.), light; Lichtenstein, clear stone or
rock.

Lieu (Fr.), place; Beaulieu, fine place.

Maha (Hind.), great; Mahanadi, Mahanuddy, great river.

Mark (G.), boundary, march; Markdorf, boundary village.

Mark (Scand.), territory; Lappmark, terri-
tory of the Lapps.

Markt (G.), market; Neumarkt, new market;
Markt Oberhausen.

Mavros, Mavron, Mavro (Gr ), black; Mavron
Oros, black mountain; Mavropotamos,
black river.

Meer (G.), sea; Schwarzes Meer, the Black
Sea.

Meer (D.), lake; Borkumer Meer, lake of
Borkum; Sneeker Meer, lake of Sneek.
Mer (Fr.), sea; Mer Morte, the Dead Sea.
Mezo, Mesö (Hung.), field; Mezo-Cereny, &c.
Mittel (G.), middle; Mittelwalde, middle
wood, &c.

Mond, Monde (D.). mouth; Dendermonde,
town at the mouth of the Dender.
More (Celt.), great; Glen More, the great glen;
Ben More, the great mountain.
Mühl (G.), mill; Altmühl, the old mill;
Mühlhausen, mill-houses.

Mund (G.), mouth; Warnemünde, town at
the mouth of the Warnow.
Münster (G.), monastery, minster; Münster-
berg, minster mountain.

Nagor, Nagar, Nuggur (Hind.), town; Ahmed-
nagar, town of Ahmed.

Nagy (Hung), great; Nagy-Varad, same as
Grosswardein.

Nahr (Ar.), river; Nahr el Asy, the Orontes
(in Syria).

Nan (Chinese), southern; Nan-king, southern
city (opposite of Pe-king).

Negro (It., Sp., Pg.), black; Rio Negro, black
river; Negro-Cerro, black mountain.
Neu (G.), new; Neuhaus, new house; Neu-
brunn, new fountain.

Nevado or Nevada (Sp.), snowy; Sierra Ne-
vada, snowy chain of mountains.

Nieder (G.), lower; Niederbronn, lower well;
Niederlande, the Netherlands.
Nieuw, Nieu (D.), new; Nieuwpoort, Nieu-
port, new port.
Nijnei, Nizhnei (Rus.), lower; Nijnei-Nov-
gorod.

Nor (Mong.), lake; Koko Nor; Lob Nor.
Nov, Novoi, Novaia (Rus.), new; Novgorod,
new town; Novoi-Cherkask; Novaia Semlia
(Nova Zembla).

Nuevo, Nueva (Sp.), new; Villa Nueva, new
town.

Ny (Sw.), new; Nyborg, new town; Nyköp-
Nuovo, Nuova (It.), new.
ing, new market.

Ö, Oe, be (Dan., Sw.), island; Sandö, sand
island; Samsö, Lessö.

6(Hung), old; 6-Becse.

Ober (G.), upper; Oberkirch, upper church;
Ober Glogau.

Ola, Oola (Mongolian), mountain; Bogdo-
Oola, holy mountain.

Oost (D.), east; Oostburg, east town; Oost-
winkel, east angle or bend.

Ost, Oster, Ester (G.), east; Oesterreich,
eastern empire, Austria.

Ostrog (Rus.), fortress, as the town Ostrog in
Volhynia.

Oud, Oude (D.), old; Oudenbosch, old wood;
Oudewater, old water.

Ozero (Rus.), lake; Bielozersk, town on Lake
Bielo.

Patam (Hind.), town; Seringapatam, town of
Sriringa or Vishnu.

Pe (Chinese), north, northern; Peking, the
northern city.

Pei (Chinese), white; Pei-ho, the white river.
Pico (Sp., Pg.), mountain-peak; Pico de Tene-
rife, Peak of Teneriffe.

Piz (Rumonsh), mountain-peak;
Sp. pico.

=

It. pizzo,

Pol, Poli, Polis, Ple (Gr., Rus., Turk), town;
Sevastopol, city of Augustus; Tripoli, the
three cities; Nicopolis, city of victory;
Constantinople, city of Constantine.
Pont (Fr.), Ponte (It. and Pg.), Puente (Sp.),
bridge; Pont-du-Château, bridge of the
Poor, Pore, Pur (Hind.), town; Cawnpoor,
castle; Ponte-San-Pietro, St. Peter's bridge.
city of the khan or chieftain; Jeypoor, Jy-
poor, city of victory.

Porto (It., Pg.), harbour; Portobello, beauti-
ful harbour.

Potamos, Potamo (Gr.), river; Mavropotamo,
black river.

Puebla (Sp.), village, town; Puebla Nueva,
new village or town.

Puerto (Sp.), harbour; Puerto Rico, rich port,
Porto Rico.

Pulo (Malay), island; Pulo Penang, Areca
Island, Penang or Prince of Wales' Island.

Quebrada (Sp.), ravine, gorge.

Ras (Ar.), cape, promontory; Ras-el-had,
cape of danger; Ras-el-Abiad, white cape.
Reich (G.), kingdom, monarchy, dominion;
Oesterreich, Austria.

Rio (Sp., Pg.), river; Rio Grande, great river;
Rio Negro, black river; Entre Rios, pro-
vince lying between the rivers.
Roth (G.), red; Rothwasser, red water; Roth-
enburg, red castle; Rothenthurm, red
tower.

Rud, Rood (Per.), river; Heri-rud, Kash-rud,
Keshef-rud.

Saki, Misaki (Japanese), cape; Idsumo-saki;
Kona-saki.

Salinas (Sp.), salt lakes or pools.

Salz (G.), salt; Salzburg, salt castle, castle on
the Salza or salt stream.

San, Santo, or Santa (Sp., Pg., It.), saint;
San-Juan, San-Miguel, Santo-Domingo,
Santa-Rosa.

Schnee (G.), snow; Schneekopf, snow-head,
snow-capped mountain.

Schwarz (G.), black; Schwarzwald, the Black
Forest.

See (G.), lake; Bodensee, the Lake of Con-
stance; Thunersee, the Lake of Thun.
Serai, Sarai (Turk.), palace; Ak-Serai, white
palace; Baktchi-serai, palace of the gar-
dens.

Serra (Pg.), Sierra (Sp.), mountain range;
Sierra Nevada, snowy range; Sierra Mo-
rena, black range.

Shan (Chinese), mountain; Thian-Shan, moun-
tains of heaven.

Shehr (Turk., Per.), city, house; Eski-Shehr,
old city.

Si (Chinese), west; Si-Hai, western sea.

Sima (Japanese), island; Tsu-Sima, Tanega
Sima, &c.

Sk (Rus.), town; Irkutsk, town on the Irkut;
Tobolsk, town on the Tobol.

Ski, Skoi, Skoe, Skaia (Rus.), cape; Chukot-
skoi, Kromskaia.

Snee (Dan., Sw.), snow; Sneehætten, Sne-
hätta, snow-hat, snow-capped mountain.
Sneeuw (D.), snow; Sneeuwbergen, snowy
mountains.

Söder (Sw.), south; Söderhamn, south haven.
Stadt (G.), Stad (Dan., Sw., and D.), town,
Friedrichstadt, Frederikstad, Frederick's

town.

Stan (Per.), country; Afghanistan, land of the Afghans; Hindustan, land of the Hindus.

Stanitza (Rus.), village, place of encampment.

Stein (G.), stone, rock; Ehrenbreitstein,
broad stone of honour; Lahnstein, stone
of the Lahn.

Stor (Sw.), great; Stor A, the great river;
Stor Skar, great island.

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Su or Soo (Turk.), lake, river; Ak-su, white river; Kara-su, black water.

Sul (Pg.), south; Rio Grande do Sul, grand
river of the south.

Szent (Hung.), saint; Szent-Benedek, Saint
Benedict.

Sziget (Hung.), island, island town, town at
the confluence of rivers.

Ta, Tai (Chinese), great; Ta-Kiang, great river,

a name of the Yang-tse; Tai-Hu, great lake. Tag or Tagh (Turk., Per.), mountain; AgriTagh, a name of Mount Ararat. Dagh is another form of this word.

Tanjong (Malay), cape, point; Tanjong Datu, and other capes in Borneo.

Tau (Turk.), mountain; Koshtan-Tau, one of the peaks of Caucasus.

Tell (Ar.), hill; Tell-el-Kebir, great hill; Tell-
es-Safieh; Tell-Hamar, &c.

Terra (Pg., It.), Tierra (Sp.), earth, land;
Terra or Tierra del Fuego, land of fire;
Tierra Caliente, hot country.

Thal (G.), valley; Rheinthal, valley of the
Rhine; Langenthal, long valley.
Thian (Chinese), heaven; Thian-Shan, moun-
tains of heaven.

Unter (G.), under, lower; Unterwalden, Uj (Hung), new; Uj-Becse or Turkisch-Becse. under or below the woods; Unter Ammergau.

Ust (Rus.), mouth; Ust-Ischma, town at the mouth of the Ischma.

Val (It.), valley; Val d'Arno, valley of the
Arno.

Valle (Sp., It., Pg.), valley; Valle Hermoso,
beautiful valley; Rio del Valle, river of
the valley.

Vecchio, Vecchia (It.), old; Porto Vecchio, Var, Város (Hung.), fortress, town; Temesvar, castle or fortress on the river Temes. old port; Civita Vecchia, old city.

Veld (D.), field; Roggeveld, field or plain of

rye.

Veliki (Rus.), great; Veliki-Luki.
Verkhni, Verchne (Rus.), upper; Verkhni-
Kamtschatsk.

Villa (It., Sp., Pg.), town; Villa Nova, Villa
Nuova, new town.

Ville (Fr.), town; Villeneuve, new town, Ab-
beville, abbot's town.

Vorder (G.), in front; Vorderrhein, one of the
head-waters of the Rhine.

Wady (Ar.), valley, a valley with a river in
it, a river; Wady Moosa, valley of Moses;
Wad-el-Kebir, great river (hence Guadal
quivir).

Wald (G.), forest; Schwarzwald, the Black
Forest.

Weiler (G.), village; Badenweiler, village of
baths.

Weiss (G.), white; Weisskirch, white church;
Weissenburg, white castle.

Wiese (G.), meadow; Wiesenthal, meadow
valley.

Fusi-Yama,

Yama (Japanese), mountain;
the great mountain.
Yeni (Turk.), new; Yeni-Bazar (= Novibazar),
new market.

Zee (D.), sea; Zuider Zee, the south sea (as
distinguished from the North Sea or Ger-
man Ocean).

Zuid (D.), south; Zuidland, south land.
Zwart, Zwarte (D.), black; Zwarte-berg the
black mountain.

WORDS, PHRASES, NOTEWORTHY NOTEWORTHY SAYINGS,

AND COLLOQUIAL EXPRESSIONS,

FROM THE LATIN, THE GREEK, AND MODERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, MET WITH IN

CURRENT ENGLISH.

à bas. [Fr.] Down, down with.

Ab extra. [L] From without.

Ab incunabilis. [L.] From the cradle.

Ab initio. [L] From the beginning.

à bon chat, bon rat. [Fr.] To a good cat, a good rat; well attacked and defended; tit for tat; a Rowland for an Oliver.

à bon marché. [Fr.] Cheap; a good bargain. Ab origine. [L.] From the origin or beginning.

Ab ovo. [L.] From the egg; from the beginning.

Ab ovo usque ad mala. [L.] From the egg to the apples (as in Roman banquets); from first to last; from beginning to end. à bras ouverts. [Fr.] With open arms. Absence d'esprit. [Fr.] Absence of mind. Absens hæres non erit. [L.] The absent one will not be the heir; out of sight out of mind.

Absit invidia. [L.] Let there be no ill-will; envy apart.

Ab uno disce omnes. [L] From one specimen judge of all the rest; from a single instance infer the whole.

Ab urbe condita. [L.] From the building of the city; i.e. Rome.

A capite ad calcem. [L.] From head to heel. à chaque saint sa chandelle. [Fr.] To each saint his candle; honour where honour is due.

à cheval. [Fr] On horseback.

à compte. [Fr] On account; in part payment.

à couvert. [Fr.] Under cover; protected; sheltered.

A cruce salus. [L.] Salvation from the cross. Ad arbitrium. [L] At pleasure.

Ad calendas Græcas. [L] At the Greek calends; i.e. never, as the Greeks had no calends.

Ad captandum vulgus. [L.] To attract or please the rabble.

A Deo et rege. [L] From God and the king. Ad eundem gradum. [L.] To the same rank or degree.

à deux mains. [Fr.] For two hands; twohanded; having a double office or employment.

Ad extremum. [L.] To the extreme; at last. Ad finem. [L] To the end.

Ad gustum. [L.] To one's taste.

Ad hominem. [L.] To the man; to an individual's interests or passions; personal. A die. [L] From that day.

Adieu, la voiture; adieu, la boutique. [Fr.] Farewell, carriage; farewell, shop: it's all

over.

Ad infinitum. [L] To infinity.

Ad interim. [L.] In the meanwhile. Ad internecionem. [L.] To extermination. à discrétion. [Fr.] At discretion; unrestricted.

Ad libitum. [L] At pleasure.

Ad modum. [L.] After the manner of.
Ad nauseam. [L.] To disgust or satiety.
Ad patres. [L] Gathered to his fathers; dead.
Ad referendum. [L.] For further considera-
tion.

Ad rem. [L] To the purpose; to the point.
à droite. [Fr] To the right.
Adscriptus gleba. [L.] Attached to the soil.
Adsum. [L.] I am present; here!

Ad summum. [L.] To the highest point or amount.

Ad unguem. [L.] To the nail; to a nicety; exactly; perfectly.

Ad unum omnes. [L.] All to a man.
Ad utrumque paratus. [L.] Prepared for
either case.

Ad valorem. [L.] According to the value.
Ad vitam aut culpam. [L.] For life or fault;
i.e. till some misconduct be proved.
Ad vivum. [Lo the life.

Egrescit majo1 [L] It becomes worse from themore Ocedies used. Equabiducialso, ater. [L.] Equably and dilige fortit L.] Foo

Equo ide.

i an equable mind.

Ære perennius. [L.] More lasting than brass; everlasting.

Etatis suæ. [L.] Of his or her age.
Affaire d'amour. [Fr.] A love affair.
Affaire d'honneur. [Fr.] An affair of honour;
a duel.

Affaire du cœur. [Fr.] An affair of the heart. à fin. [Fr] To the end or object.

à fond. [Fr.] To the bottom; thoroughly. A fortiori. [L.] With stronger reason.

à gauche. [Fr.] To the left.

à genoux. [Fr.] On the knees.

Age quod agis. [L.] Attend to what you are about.

Agnus Dei. [L.] The Lamb of God.

à grands frais. [Fr.] At great expense. à haute voix. [Fr.] Aloud.

à huis clos. [Fr.] With closed doors; secretly. Aide toi, et le Ciel t'aidera. [Fr.] Help yourself, and Heaven will help you.

à l'abandon. [Fr.] Disregarded; left uncared for.

à la belle étoile. [Fr.] Under the stars; in the open air.

à la bonne heure. [Fr.] Well timed; in good

or favourable time.

à l'abri. [Fr.] Under shelter.

à la campagne. [Fr.] In the country. à la dérobée. [Fr.] By stealth.

à la Française. [Fr.] After the French mode.

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à la mode. [Fr.] According to the custom or fashion.

à la Tartuffe. [Fr.] Like Tartuffe, the hero of a celebrated comedy by Molière; hypocritically.

à l'envi. [Fr] Emulously.

Alere flammam. [L.] To feed the flame.
Alfresco. [It.] In the open air; cool.

à l'improviste. [Fr.] On a sudden; unawares.
Allez-vous-en. [Fr.] Away with you.
Allons. [Fr] Let us go; come on; come.
Al piu. [It] At most.

Alter ego. [L.] Another self.

Alter idem. [L] Another exactly similar. Alter ipse amicus. [L] A friend is another self. Alterum tantum. [L.] As much more.

à main armée. [Fr.] With force of arms. A maximis ad minima. [L.] From the greatest to the least.

âme de boue. [Fr.] A soul of mud; a baseminded creature.

Amende honorable. [Fr.] Satisfactory apology; reparation.

à merveille. [Fr.] To a wonder; marvellously. Amicus humani generis. [L.] A friend of humanity.

Amicus usque ad aras. [L.] A friend even to
the altar; ie. to the last extremity.
Ami de cour. [Fr.] A false friend; one not
to be depended on.

Amor patriæ. [L.] Love of country.
Amour propre. [Fr.] Self-love; vanity.
Ancien régime. [Fr.] The ancient or former
order of things.

Anguis in herba. [L.] A snake in the grass. Animo et fide. [L] By or with courage and faith.

Anno ætatis suæ. [L.] In the year of his or

her age.

Anno Christi. [L.] In the year of Christ.
Anno Domini. [L.] In the year of our Lord.
Anno mundi. [L.] In the year of the world.
Anno urbis condita. [L] In the year from
the time the city (Rome) was built.
Annus mirabilis. [L.] Year of wonders; won-
derful year.

Ante bellum. [L.] Before the war.
Ante lucem. [L.] Before light.
Ante meridiem. [L.] Before noon.

à outrance. [Fr.] To the utmost; to extremities; without sparing.

à pas de géant. [Fr.] With a giant's stride. à perte de vue. [Fr.] Till beyond one's view; out of sight.

à peu près. [Fr.] Nearly.

à pied. [Fr.] On foot.

à point. [Fr.] To a point; just in time; exactly right.

A posse ad esse. [L.] From possibility to reality.

A prima vista. [It.] At first sight.

à propos de bottes. [Fr.] Apropos to boots; without reason; foreign to the subject or purpose applied to any absurd collocation of ideas or subjects.

à propos de rien. [Fr] Apropos to nothing; without a motive; for nothing at all. Aqua vitæ. [L.] Water of life; brandy; alcohol.

Arbiter elegantiarum. [L] A judge or supreme authority in matters of taste. Arcana cœlestia. [L.] Secrets of Heaven. Arcana imperii. [L.] State secrets; the mysteries of government.

Ardentia verba. [L.] Words that burn; glowing language.

Argent comptant. [Fr.] Ready money. Argumentum ad crumenam. [L.] An argu

ment to the purse; an appeal to interest. Argumentum ad hominem. [L] An argument to the individual man; ie. to his interests and prejudices.

Argumentum ad ignorantiam. [L.] An argugument founded on an adversary's ignor

ance.

Argumentum ad invidiam. [L.] An argument appealing to low passions. Argumentum ad judicium. [L.] Argument appealing to the judgment.

Argumentum ad verecundiam. [L] Argument appealing to modesty. Argumentum baculinum. [L.] The argument of the cudgel; appeal to force. Ariston metron. [Gr.] The middle course is the best; the golden mean.

Arrière pensée. [Fr.] Hidden thought; mental reservation.

Ars est celare artem. [L.] It is true art to conceal art.

Ars longa, vita brevis. [L.] Art is long, life is short.

Artium magister. [L] Master of Arts. Asinus ad lyram. [L] An ass at the lyre; an awkward fellow.

à tort et à travers. [Fr.] At random; without consideration.

At spes non fracta. [L.] But hope is not yet crushed or dispelled.

Au bout de son Latin. [Fr.] At the end of his Latin; to the extent of his knowledge. Au contraire. [Fr.] On the contrary. Au courant. [Fr.] Fully acquainted with matters.

Au désespoir. [Fr.] In despair.

Audi alterem partem. [L.] Hear the other side. Au fait. [Fr.] Well acquainted with; expert. Au pis aller. [Fr.] At the worst.

Aurea mediocritas. [L.] The golden or happy

mean.

Au reste. [Fr.] As for the rest.

Au revoir. [Fr.] Adieu until we meet again. Aussitôt dit, aussitôt fait. [Fr.] No sooner said than done.

Autant d'hommes, autant d'avis. [Fr.] So many men, so many minds.

Aut Cæsar aut nullus. [L] Either Cæsar or nobody.

Aut vincere aut mori. [L] Either to conquer or to die; death or victory. Aux armes. [Fr.] To arms.

Auxilium ab alto. [L.] Help from on high. Avant propos. [Fr.] Preliminary matter; preface.

A verbis ad verbera. [L.] From words to blows. Avito viret honore. [L.] He flourishes upon ancestral honours.

à volonté. [Fr.] At pleasure.

A vostra salute. [It]

à votre santé. [Fr.]

A vuestra salud. [Sp.])

To your health.

Bas bleu. [Fr.] A blue-stocking; a literary

woman.

Beata memoriæ. [L.] Of blessed memory. Beaux esprits. [Fr.] Men of wit; gay spirits. Bel esprit. [Fr.] A person of wit or genius; a brilliant mind.

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Bella! horrida bella! [L] Wars! horrid wars! Bellum internecinum. [L.] A war of extermination.

Bene orasse est bene studuisse. [L.] To have prayed well is to have studied well. Ben trovato. [It.] Well invented. Bête noire. [Fr.] A black beast; a bugbear. Bis dat qui cito dat. [L.] He gives double who gives quickly or seasonably. Bis peccare in bello non licet. [L.] To blunder twice in war is unallowable.

Bis pueri senes. [L.] Old men are twice boys. Bon ami. [Fr] Good friend.

Bon gré, mal gré. [Fr.] With good or ill grace; willing or unwilling.

Bon jour. [Fr.] Good day; good morning.
Bonne et belle. [Fr.] Good and handsome.
Bonne foi. [Fr.] Good faith.

Bon soir. [Fr.] Good evening.

Breveté. [Fr.] Patented.

Brevi manu. [L.] With a short hand; off

hand; extemporaneously.

Brutum fulmen. [L] A harmless thunderbolt.

Cadit quæstio. [L] The question falls; there is no further discussion.

Caca est invidia. [L] Envy is blind.
Cætera desunt. [L.] The rest is wanting.
Cæteris paribus. [L.] Other things being
equal.

Candida Pax. [L.] White-robed Peace. Cantate Domino. [L.] Sing to the Lord. Carpe diem. [L.] Enjoy the present day; embrace the opportunity; improve time. Casus belli. [L.] That which causes or justifies war.

Causa sine qua non. [L.] An indispensable cause or condition.

Cedant arma toga. [L.] Let arms yield to the gown; let military authority yield to the civil power.

Ce n'est que le premier pas qui coûte. [Fr.] It is only the first step that is difficult. Centum. [L] A hundred.

C'est à dire. [Fr.] That is to say.

C'est une autre chose. [Fr.] That's quite another thing.

Ceteris paribus. [L] Other things being equal. Chacun à son goût. [Fr.] Every one to his taste.

Chacun tire de son côte. [Fr.] Every one inclines to his own side.

Chapelle ardente. [Fr.] The room where a
dead body lies in state.
Chemin de fer. [Fr.] Iron road; a railway.
Chère amie. [Fr.] A dear (female) friend; a

mistress.

Che sarà, sarà. [It.] Whatever will be, will be.

Cheval de bataille. [Fr.] A war-horse; main dependence or support.

Chi tace confessa. [It.] He who keeps silence confesses.

Ci git. [Fr.] Here lies.

Circuitus verborum. [L.] A circumlocution. Circulus in probando. [L.] A circle in the

proof; using the conclusion as one of the arguments.

Clarior e tenebris. [L.] Brighter from obscurity.

Clarum et venerabile nomen. [L.] An illustrious and venerable name.

Calebs quid agam? [L.] Being a bachelor, what shall I do?

Cogito, ergo sum. [L.] I think, therefore I exist.

Comitas inter gentes. [L.] Politeness between nations.

Comme il faut. [Fr] As it should be. Commune bonum. [L.] A common good. Communibus annis. [L] On the annual average.

Communi consensu. [L.] By common consent. Compagnon de voyage. [Fr.] A travelling companion.

Compte rendu. [Fr.] An account rendered; a report.

Con amore. [It.] With love; very earnestly. Concours. [Fr.] Competition; contest, as for a prize.

Con diligenza. [It] With diligence.

Conditio sine qua non. [L.] A necessary condition.

Con dolore. [It.] With grief.
Conjunctis viribus. [L] With united powers.
Conquiescat in pace. [L.] May he or she rest
in peace.

Conseil de famille. [Fr.] A family consultation.

Conseil d'état. [Fr.] A council of state; a privy-council.

Consensus facit legem. [L.] Consent makes the law.

Consilio et animis. [L] By wisdom and

FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES.

Consilio et prudentia. [L.] By wisdom and prudence.

Constantia et virtute. [L.] By constancy and virtue.

Consuetudo pro lege servatur. [L.] Custom is held or observed as a law.

Contra bonos mores. [L.] Against good man

ners.

Copia verborum. [L] Rich supply of words. Coram nobis. [L] Before us; in our presence. Coram non judice. [L] Not before the proper judge.

Cordon sanitaire. [Fr.] A line of guards to prevent the spreading of contagion or pestilence.

Coup. [Fr.] A stroke.-Coup d'essai, a first attempt.-Coup d'état, a sudden decisive blow in politics; a stroke of policy. -Coup de grace, a finishing stroke.-Coup de main, a sudden attack or enterprise.-Coup de maître, a master-stroke. Coup d'œil, a rapid glance of the eye.-Coup de pied, a kick. Coup de plume, a literary attack.Coup de soleil, sunstroke.-Coup de théâtre, a theatrical effect.

Courage sans peur. [Fr.] Courage without fear.

Coûte qu'il coûte. [Fr.] Let it cost what it may.

Credat Judæus Apella. [L.] Let Apella, the superstitious Jew, believe it. Crede quod habes, et habes. [L.] Believe that you have it, and you have it. Credo quia absurdum. [L] I believe because it is absurd.

Crescit eundo. [L] It increases by going. Crescit sub pondere virtus. [L] Virtue increases under an imposed burden or weight. Crux criticorum. [L] The puzzle of critics. Crux mathematicorum. [L] The puzzle of mathematicians.

Crux medicorum. [L] The puzzle of physicians.

Cucullus non facit monachum. [L.] The cowl does not make the friar.

Cui Fortuna ipsa cedit. [L.] To whom Fortune herself yields.

Culpam poena premit comes. [L.] Punishment follows hard upon crime.

Cum grano salis. [L.] With a grain of salt; with some allowance.

Cum privilegio. [L.] With privilege. Curiosa felicitas. [L.] Nice felicity of expression; a felicitous tact.

Currente calamo. [L.] With a running or rapid pen.

Da locum melioribus. [L.] Give place to your betters.

Dame d'honneur. [Fr.] Maid of honour. Damnant quod non intelligunt. [L.] They condemn what they do not comprehend. Dare pondus fumo. [L] To give weight to smoke; to give importance to trifles. Data et accepta. [L] Expenditures and receipts.

Date obolum Belisario. [L.] Give a copper to Belisarius.

Davus sum, non Edipus. [L.] I am Davus, not Edipus; I am no conjurer, I cannot solve the question.

De bon augure. [Fr.] Of good omen. De bonne grace. [Fr.] With good grace; willingly.

Deceptio visus. [L.] An optical illusion. Decori decus addit avito. [L.] He adds honours to ancestral honours.

De die in diem. [L.] From day to day.
Dégagé, [Fr.] Free; easy; unconstrained.
De gaieté de cœur. [Fr.] Sportively.
De gustibus non est disputandum. [L.] There
is no disputing about tastes.
Dei gratia. [L.] By the grace of God.
De jure. [L] From the law; by right.
Delenda est Carthago. [L.] Carthage must
be blotted out, or destroyed.

De mal en pis. [Fr.] From bad to worse.
De minimis non curatur. [L.] No notice is
taken of trifles.

De mortuis nil nisi bonum. [L.] Say nothing but good of the dead.

De nihilo nihil fit. [L.] Of nothing nothing is made.

De novo. [L.] Anew.

Deo adjuvante, non timendum. [L.] God
assisting, nothing is to be feared.
Deo date. [L.] Give to God.
Deo duce. [L] God for my leader.
Deo favente. [L.] With God's favour.
Deo gratias. [L.] Thanks to God.
Deo juvante. [L] With God's help.
Deo monente. [L] God giving warning.
Deo, non fortuna. [L.] From God, not fortune.
Deo volente. [L.] God willing; by God's will.
De profundis. [L.] Out of the depths.

Desagrément. [Fr.] Something disagreeable. Desipere in loco. [L] To jest at the proper time.

Desunt cætera. [L.] The remainder is wanting. Dieu est toujours pour les plus gros bataillons, [Fr.] God is always on the side of the largest battalions; the largest army has the best chance of victory.

Dieu et mon droit. [Fr.] God and my right.
Dieu vous garde. [Fr.] God protect you.
Dii majorum gentium. [L.] The gods of the
superior class; the twelve superior gods.
Dii penates. [L.] Household gods.
Di salto. [It.] By steps or leaps.
Disjecta membra. [L] Scattered remains.
Docendo dicimus. [L] We learn by teaching.
Dolce far niente. [It.] Sweet doing-nothing;
sweet idleness.

Dominus vobiscum. [L.] The Lord be with you. Domus et placens uxor. [L] A house and pleasing wife.

Dorer la pilule. [Fr.] To gild the pill. Dulce Domum. [L.] Sweet homeward! from the song sung by the students of Winchester College at the close of the term. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. [L] It is sweet and glorious to die for one's country.

Dum spiro, spero. [L.] While I breathe I hope. Dum tacent, clamant. [L.] While they are silent, they cry out.

Dum vivimus, vivamus. [L] While we live, let us live.

Durante vita. [L] During life.

Edition de luxe. [Fr.] A splendid and expensive edition of a book.

Eflamma cibum petere. [L.] To get food out of the fire; to live by desperate means. Ego et rex meus. [L.] I and my king. Eheu! fugaces labuntur anni. [L.] Alas! the fleeting years glide by.

Elapso tempore. [L.] The time having elapsed.
En ami. [Fr.] As a friend.

En arrière. [Fr.] In the rear; behind; back.
En attendant. [Fr.] In the meantime.
En avant. [Fr.] Forward.

En badinant. [Fr.] In sport: in jest.
En cueros or En cueros vivos. [Sp.1 Stark
naked; without clothing.

En déshabillé. [Fr.] In undress.

En Dieu est mà fiance. [Fr.] In God is my trust.

En Dieu est tout. [Fr.] In God is all.

En effet. [Fr.] In effect; substantially; really. En famille. [Fr.] With one's family; in a do

mestic state.

Enfant gâté. [Fr.] A spoiled child.
Enfants perdus. [Fr.] Lost children; in milit.
a forlorn hope.

Enfant trouvé. [Fr.] A foundling.
Enfin. [Fr.] In short; at last; finally.
En grande tenue. [Fr.] In full dress.
En plein jour. [Fr.] In broad day.
En queue. [Fr.] In the rear; behind.
En rapport. [Fr.] In harmony; in agreement;
in relation.

En règle. [Fr.] According to rules; in order.
En revanche. [Fr.] In requital; in return.
En route. [Fr.] On the way.

En suite. [Fr. In company; in a set.
Entente cordiale. [Fr.] Cordial understand-
ing, especially between two states.
Entourage. [Fr.] Surroundings; adjuncts.
Entre deux feux. [Fr.] Between two fires,
Entre deux vins. [Fr.] Between two wines;
neither drunk nor sober; half-drunk.
Entre nous. [Fr.] Between ourselves.
En vérité. [Fr.] In truth; verily.
Eo animo. [L.] With that design.
Eo nomine. [L.] By that name.

E pluribus unum. [L.] One out of many; one composed of many.

Epulis accumbere divum. [L.] To sit at the feast of the gods or the great.

E re nata. [L. According to the exigency. Errare est humanum. [L] To err is human. Esprit de corps. [Fr.] The animating spirit of a collective body, as a regiment, one of the learned professions, or the like. Esse quam videri. [L] To be rather than to

seem.

Est modus in rebus. [L.] There is a medium in all things.

Esto quod esse videris. [L.] Be what you seem to be.

Et cætera, Et cetera. [L.] And the rest Et hoc or Et id genus one. [L.] And everything of the sort.

Et sequentes, Et sequentia. [L] And those that follow.

Et sic de cæteris. [L.] And so
Et sic de similibus. [L.] And
Et tu, Brute! [L.] And thou
Eventus stultorum magister. [

the rest. the like. rutus! Is must

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