See Simperer (sim'pêr-ér), n. One who simpers. Simperingly (sim'pèr-ing-li), adv. In a simpering manner; with a silly smile. Simpiesometer (sim'pi-ez-om"et-ér). SYMPIESOMETER. Simple (sim'pl), a. [Fr. simple, from L. simplex, simple, from a root sa, sam, meaning one or unity (also in sincere and in E. same), and that of plica, a fold.] 1. Single; not complex, consisting of one thing; uncompounded; unmingled; uncombined with anything else; as, a simple substance; a simple idea; a simple sound. Among substances, some are called simple, some compound, whether taken in a philosophical or vulgar sense. Watts. 2. Not given to design, stratagem, or duplicity; undesigning; sincere; harmless. Tradition's simple tongue.' Byron. --3. Artless in manner; unaffected; unconstrained; inartificial; unadorned; plain; as, a simple style of narration; a simple dress. In simple manners all the secret lies. Young. 5. Not distinguished by any excellence; of an average quality; common; plain; humble; lowly. Great floods have flown From simple sources. Shak. Clergy and laity gentle and simple, made the fuel of the same fire. Fuller. 6. Not complex or complicated; as, a machine of simple construction.-7. Unmistakable; clear; intelligible; as, a simple statement.-8. Weak in intellect; not wise or sagacious; silly. The simple believeth every word; but the prudent looketh well to his going. Prov. xiv. 15. I am ashamed that women are so simple To offer war where they should kneel for peace. Shak. 9. In bot. undivided, as a root, stem, or spike; only one on a petiole; as, a simple leaf; only one on a peduncle; as, a simple flower; having only one set of rays, as an umbel; having only one series of leaflets; as, a simple calyx; not plumose or feathered, as a pappus.-10. In chem. applied to a body that has not been decomposed or separated into two or more bodies; elementary. See Elementary substances under ELEMENTARY. 11. In mineral, homogeneous.-Simple contract, simple equation, simple interest, &c. See under the nouns.-SYN. Single, uncompounded, unmingled, unmixed, mere, uncombined, elementary, plain, artless, sincere, harmless, undesigning, frank, open, unaffected, inartificial, unadorned, credulous, silly, foolish, shallow, unwise. Simple (sim'pl), n. 1. Something not mixed or compounded. It is a melancholy of mine own, compounded of many simples, extracted from many objects. Shak. Specifically, a medicinal herb or medicine obtained from an herb; so called because each vegetable was supposed to possess its particular virtue, and therefore to constitute a simple remedy. We walked into a large garden, esteemed for its furniture, one of the fairest, especially for simples and exotics. Evelyn. 2. In the R. Cath. Ch. a feast celebrated with less ceremony than a double or semidouble. See DOUBLE. Simple (sim'pl), v.i. pret. & pp. simpled; ppr. simpling. To gather simples or plants. As simpling on the flowery hills he strayed.' Garth. Simple-hearted (sim'pl-härt-ed),a. Having a simple heart; single-hearted; ingenuous. Shak. 4. Weakly; foolishly. Simulachret (sim'u-la-kér), n. [L. simu lacrum, a likeness, an image.] An image. Sir T. Elyot. Simulart (sim'u-lèr), n. [See SIMULATE.] One who simulates or counterfeits something; one who pretends to be what he is not. Christ calleth the Pharisees hypocrites, that is to say, simulars, and whited sepulchres. Tyndale. For never anything can be amiss When simpleness and duty tender it. 3. Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly. What simpleness is this? Shak. Simpler (sim'pl-ér), n. One that collects simples or medicinal plants; an herbalist; Simulart (sim'u-lér),a. Specious; plausible; a simplist. An English botanist will not have such satisfaction in showing it to a simpler. Barrington. Simplesset (sim'ples), n. [Fr.] Simplicity; silliness. Chaucer; Spenser. Simpleton (sim'pl-ton), n. [From simple, with French term. ton; comp. Fr. simplette, a silly wench.] One who is very simple; a silly person; a person of weak intellect; a trifler; a foolish person. A discredit, as lasting as mercenary scribblers or curious simpletons can make it. Pope. Simplex (sim'pleks), n. [L.] Simple; single. Simpliciant (sim-plish'i-an), n. [O. Fr. simplicien.] An artless, unskilled, or undesigning person; a simpleton. Simplicity (sim-plis'i-ti), n. [Fr. simplicité, L. simplicitas. See SIMPLE.] 1. The state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded; as, the simplicity of metals or of earths. Discoverable in their simplicity and mixture.' Sir T. Browne.-2. The state or quality of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts; as, the simplicity of a machine. We are led to conceive that great machine of the world to have been once in a state of greater sim plicity than it now is. Burnet. 3. Artlessness of mind; freedom from a propensity to cunning or stratagem; freedom from duplicity; sincerity; harmlessness. 'By the simplicity of Venus' doves.' Shak Of manner gentle, of affections mild; In wit a man, simplicity a child. Pope. 4. Freedom from artificial ornament; plainness; as, the simplicity of a dress, of style, of language, &c. Give me a look, give me a face, B. Jonson. 5. Freedom from subtlety or abstruseness; clearness; as, the simplicity of Scriptural doctrines or truth.-6. Weakness of intellect; silliness; folly. Prov. i. 22. How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity. Simplification (sim'pli-fi-kä"shon), n. [Fr. simplification.] The act of simplifying; the act of making simple; the act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex. The simplification of machines renders them more and more perfect, but this simplification of the rudiments of languages renders them more and more imperfect, and less proper for many of the purposes of language. Adam Smith. Simplify (sim'pli-fi), v.t. pret. & pp. simpli fied; ppr. simplifying. [Fr. simplifier, L.L simplificare, from L. simplex, simple, and facio, to make.] To make simple; to bring to greater simplicity; to reduce from the complex state; to show an easier or shorter process for doing or making; to make plain or easy. Philosophers have generally advised men to shun needless occupations, as the certain impediments of a good and happy life; they bid us endeavour to simplify ourselves. Barrow. The collection of duties is drawn to a point, and so far simplified. A. Hamilton. Simplist (sim'pl-ist), n. One skilled in simples or medicinal plants; a simpler. A plant so unlike a rose, it hath been mistaken by some good simplists for amomum. Sir T. Browne. Simplistic (sim-plis'tik), a. Of or pertaining to simples or a simplist. [Rare.] Simplity+ (sim'pli-ti), n. Simplicity. Piers Plowman. Simploce (sim'plō-sē), n. Same as Symploce. Simply (sim'pli), adv. 1. In a simple manner; without art; without subtlety; artlessly; plainly. Subverting worldly strong, and worldly wise feigned; counterfeit. I returned with simular proof enough To make the noble Leonatus mad. Shak. Simulate (sim'u-lat), v. t. pret. & pp. simulated; ppr. simulating. [L. simulo, simulatum, from similis, like.] To assume the mere appearance of, without the reality; to assume the signs or indications of, falsely; to counterfeit, to feign. What though the first smooth Cæsar's arts caressed Thomson. Merit and virtue, simulating me? The Puritans. . . prayed, and with no simulated fervour. Macaulay. Simulate (sim'u-lat), a. [L. simulatus, pp. of simulo. See the verb.] Feigned; pretended. 'A simulate chastity.' Bale. Simulation (sim-u-la'shon), n. [L. simulatio. See SIMULATE.] The act of simulating or of feigning to be that which one is not; the assumption of a deceitful appearance or character. Simulation differs from dissimulation. The former denotes the assuming of a false character; the latter denotes the concealment of the true character. Simulation is a pretence of what is not; dissimu lation a concealment of what is. Steele. SYN. Counterfeiting, feint, pretence. Simulator (sim'ū-lät-ér), n. One who simulates or feigns. Simulatory (sim'u-là-to-ri), a. Consisting in or characterized by simulation. Jehoran wisely suspects the flight of the Syrians to be but simulatory,... only to draw Israel out of their city. Bp. Hall. Simulium (si-mũ'li-um), n. [L. simulo, to feign] A genus of dipterous insects of the family Tipulidæ. One species is known by the name of sand-fly; its larvæ are found on the stems of water-plants, and when anything disturbs the water they become perfectly still and motionless. The species of Simulium are small, and often prove very troublesome from piercing the flesh. Simultaneity (sim'ul-ta-ně"i-ti), n. or quality of being simultaneous. De Quin cey. State Simultaneous (sim-ul-tā'nē-us), a. [Fr. simultanée, L. L. simultaneus, from L. simul, at the same time.] Taking place or happening at the same time; done at the same time; as, simultaneous events; the simultaneous eruption of two volcanoes. A like mutual and simultaneous exchange.' Glanville. Simultaneous equations, in math. equations in which the values of the unknown quantities entering them are the same in both or in all at the same time. Simultaneously (sim-ul-ta'nē-us-li), adv. At a simultaneous time; in a simultaneous manner; together; in conjunction. He introduces the deities of both acting simultaneously. Shenstone. Simultaneousness (sim-ul-ta'ne-us-nes), n. The state or quality of being simultaneous, or of happening at the same time, or acting in conjunction; as, the simultaneousness of transactions in two different places. Simulty (sim'ul-ti), n. [L. simultas, hostile encounter.] Private grudge or quarrel. 'To enquire after domestic simulties.' B. Jonson. Simurg (si-murg), n. A fabulous monstrous bird of the Persians. See Roc. Sin (sin), n. [A. Sax. synn, sin, sin, evil, wickedness; Icel. and Dan. synd, O.D. sunde, G. sünde, sin. Origin obscure; perhaps connected with the A. Sax. prefix sin, very, exceeding, great, or with sunder, asunder] 1. The voluntary departure of a moral agent from a known rule of rectitude or duty prescribed by God; any voluntary transgression of the divine law, or violation of a divine command; moral depravity; wickedness; iniquity. Sin is either a positive act SIN in which a known divine law is violated, or it is the voluntary neglect to obey a positive divine command, or a rule of duty clearly implied in such command. Sin comprehends not actions only, but neglect of known duty, all evil thoughts, purposes, words, and desires, whatever is contrary to God's commands or law. Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law; for sin is a transgression of the law, 1 Jn. iii. 4. Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin. Jas. iv. 17. All crimes are indeed sins, but not all sins crimes. A sin may be in the thought or secret purpose of a man, of which neither a judge, nor a witness, nor any man can take notice. Hobbes. Sin is spoken of in theology as original or actual Actual sin is the act of a moral agent in violating a known rule of duty. Original sin, as generally understood, is native depravity of heart; that want of conformity of heart to the divine will, that corruption of nature or deterioration of the moral character of man, which is supposed to be the effect of Adam's apostasy; and which manifests itself in moral agents by positive acts of disobedience to the divine will, or by the voluntary neglect to comply with the express commands of God.-Deadly or mortal sin, in the R. Cath. Ch. wilful and deliberate transgressions which take away divine grace: in distinction from venial sins. The seven deadly sins are murder, lust, covetousness, pride, envy, gluttony, idleness.-2. An offence in general; a transgression; as, a sin against good taste.-3. A sinoffering; an offering made to atone for sin. He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin. 2 Cor. v. 21. 4+ An incarnation or embodiment of sin; a man enormously wicked. Thy ambition, Thon scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land Of noble Buckingham. Shak. Sin (sin), v.i. pret & pp. sinned; ppr. sinning. [See the noun.] 1. To commit a sin; to depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular by actual transgression or by the neglect or non-observance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty. All have sinned and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23. Often followed by against. Against thee, thee only, have I sinned. Ps. li. 4. 2 To offend against right, against men, society, or a principle; to transgress; to trespass: with against. It would be dishonest to shun the reference to existing circumstances and the established order of things in explaining the fundamental principles of sound policy against which the institutions of the state are found clearly to sin. Brougham. It is occasionally used transitively, in sense of to commit, with sin as object. All is past, the sin is sinn'd.' Tennyson. -Sinning one's mercies, being ungrateful for the gifts of Providence. [Scotch.] I know your good father would term this 'sinning Sir W. Scott. my mercies." Sin (sin), adv. Since. [Old English and Scotch] Knowing his voice, although not heard long sin, She sudden was revived therewithall. Spenser. Sinaic (si-na'ik), a. Same as Sinaitic. Sinaitic (si-na-it'ik), a. [From Sinai, the mountain] Pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Sinai. Sinamome+ (sin'a-mōm), n. Cinnamon. Sinapine (sin'a-pin), n. (C16 H23 NO5.) An organic base existing as a sulphocyanate in white mustard seed. Sinapis (si-ná'pis), n. [L. sinapis, sinapi, Gr. sinapi, mustard] A genus of herbaceous plants of the nat. order Cruciferæ. The characteristic features of the species are: calyx of four spreading sepals; style small, short, acute; fruit cylindrical, its valves traversed by one or more prominent nerves; seeds in one row. The seeds of S. nigra and S. alba, when freed from the busks and ground, form the well-known condiment mustard. See MUSTARD. Sinapism (sin'a-pizm), n. (Fr. sinapisme, L. apismus. See SINAPIS.] In phar. a cataplasin or poultice composed of pulverized mustard seed mixed to a proper consistence with warm water or vinegar. It is used for exciting redness, and acts as a powerful counter-irritant. 87 Sin-born (sin'born), a. Born of sin; originating, sprung, or derived from sin. The sin-born monster' (Death). Milton. Sin-bred (sin'bred), a. Produced or bred by sin. Honour dishonourable, sin-bred.' Milton. Since (sins), adv. [O.E. sins, sinnes, sithens, sithence, all genitive forms from A. Sax. siththan-sith, after, since, and than, that time, a dative form of that, the, that, demonstrative article. Comp. hence, whence.] 1. From that time; after that time; from then till now; in the interval. St. George that swinged the dragon, and e'er since sits on his horse.' Shak. 'Who since I heard to be discomfited.' Shak. I cannot abide the smell of hot meat since. Shak. 2. Before this or now; ago. The world was very guilty of such a ballad some three ages since. Shak. Sometimes it is nearly equal to when. Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St. George's field? Shak. Since (sins), prep. Ever from the time of; in or during the period subsequent to: subsequently to; after: with a past event or time for the object. Since his exile she hath despised me most. Shak. Since the beginning of the world, men have not heard what he hath prepared for him that waiteth for him. Is. Ixiv. 4. Since (sins), conj. 1. From the time when. [Here it may be regarded alternately as a preposition governing a clause.] Glanville. I have been in such a pickle since I saw you last. Shak. According to the revelation of the mystery which was kept secret since the world began. Rev. xvi. 25. 2. Because that; seeing that; inasmuch as. Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason can persuade, Then let example be obey'd. Sincere (sin-sēr'), a. [L. sincerus, sincere, often derived from sine, without, and cera, wax, as if primarily applied to honey without admixture of wax, but modern etymologists do not admit this derivation, and in the element sin recognize the sim of L. simul, the sam of Skr. sama, all, E. same, and, in cerus, the same root as in Icel. skír, Goth. skeirs, E. sheer, pure, clear, the sense thus being all or wholly clear.] 1. Pure; unmixed. 'A joy which never was sincere till now.' Dryden. As new-born babes, desire the sincere milk of the word. 1 Pet. ii. 2. There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot. I would have all gallicisms avoided, that our tongue may be sincere. Felton. 2. Unhurt; uninjured. Th' inviolable body stood sincere.' Dryden.-3. Being in reality what it appears to be; not feigned; not simulated; not assumed or said for the sake of appearance; real; genuine. 'His love sincere.' Shak.-4. Honest; undissembling; guileless; frank; truthful; true. The more sincere you are the better it will fare with you at the great day of account. In the meantime give us leave to be sincere too in condemning heartily what Waterland. we heartily disapprove. As a preacher Mr. H. was sincere but not earnest. De Quincey. - Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. See under HEARTY. SYN. Honest, unfeigned, unvarnished, real, true, unaffected, inartificial, frank, upright, undissembling. Sincerely (sin-ser'li), adv. In a sincere manner; as, (a) without alloy or mixture; perfectly. Everything that is sincerely good and perfectly divine.' Milton. (b) Honestly; with real purity of heart; without simulation or disguise; unfeignedly; as, to speak one's mind sincerely; to love virtue sincerely. Hear me profess sincerely: had I a dozen sons . I had rather had eleven die nobly for their country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action, Shak. Sincereness (sin-ser'nes), n. Sincerity. Sir W. Temple. Sincerity (sin-ser'i-ti), n. [Fr. sincérité, L. sinceritas. See SINCERE.] The state or quality of being sincere; honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation or hypocrisy; truthfulness; genuineness; earnestness. I speak not by commandment, but the sincerity of your love. to prove 2 Cor. viii. 8. I should say sincerity, a deep, great, genuine sincerity, is the first characteristic of all men in any way heroic. Carlyle. Sincipital (sin-sip'it-al), a. In anat. of or pertaining to the sinciput. The parietal bones have been called sincipital. Dunglison. SINEW Sinciput (sin'si-put), n. [L] The fore part of the head from the forehead to the coronal suture, in contradistinction to the occiput or back part of the head. Sindoc, n. See SINTOC. Sindon (sin'don), n. [L., a kind of fine textile fabric; Gr. sinden, probably from Sindos, the Indus.] 1. A piece of cotton or linen; a wrapper. A book and a letter, C wrapped in sindons of linen.' Bacon. 2. In surg. a small piece of rag or round pledget introduced into the hole of the cranium made by a trephine. Dunglison. Sine (sin), n. [L. sinus, a bending, a curve, a bosom.] In trigon. the straight line drawn from one extremity of an arc perpendicular to the diameter passing through the other extremity. Thus, in the circle ACH, let AOH be a diameter, H and let CE be perpendicular thereto; then shall CE be the sine of the arc CH, or of the angle COH, and of E its supplement COA. The sine of a quadrant or of a right angle is equal to the radius. The sine of any arc is half the chord of twice that arc.-Artificial sines, logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines. - Natural sines, sines expressed by natural numbers. -Versed sine of an arc or angle, the segment of the diameter intercepted between the sine and the extremity of the arc; thus EH is the versed sine of the arc CH, or of the angle COH, and of its supplement CoA.-Arithmetic of sines, a term employed to denote analytical trigonometry. Its object is to exhibit the relation of the sines, cosines, tangents, &c., of arcs, multiple arcs, &c.Line of sines, a line on the sector or Gunter's scale, &c., divided according to the sines, or expressing the sines. Sine (si'ne). A Latin preposition signifying without. See SINE DIE, SINE QUA NON. Sin-eater (sin'êt-ér), n. A person hired at funerals in ancient times to eat a piece of bread laid upon the chest of a dead person, and so take his sins on himself, that the soul of the deceased might rest in peace. Sinecural (si'ně-ku-ral), a. Öf or relating to a sinecure; of the nature of a sinecure. Sinecure (si'nē-kūr), n. [L. sine, without, and cura, cure, care.] 1. Originally and strictly, an ecclesiastical benefice without cure of souls. There are three sorts of ecclesiastical sinecures: (a) where the benefice is a donative, and is committed to the incumbent by the patron expressly without cure of souls, the cure either not existing or being intrusted to a vicar; this is the strictest sinecure. (b) Certain cathedral offices, viz. the canonries and prebends, and, according to some authorities, the deanery. (c) Where a parish is destitute of parishioners, having become depopulated. — 2. Any office which has revenue without employment. 'A lucrative sinecure in the excise." Macaulay. Sinecure (si'ne-kur), v.t. pret. & pp. sinecured; ppr. sinecuring. To place in a sine Sine die (si'nē di'ē), adv. [L., without day.] A term used with reference to an adjournment or prorogation of an assembly or meeting, as of a court or of parliament, without any specified day or time for resuming the subject or business, or reassembling. When a defendant is suffered to go sine die he is dismissed the court. Sine qua non (si'ne kwa non), n. [L., without which not.] Something absolutely necessary or indispensable; an indispensable condition; as, he made the presence of a witness a sine qua non. Sinew (sin'u), n. [A. Sax. sinewe, sinu; O. H. G. senewa, Mod. G. sehne, Icel. sin, Dan. sene, a sinew. Perhaps akin to A. Sax. prefix sin, very. Comp. Gr. is, inos, fibre, nerve, strength, force.] 1. The tough fibrous tissue which unites a muscle to a bone; a tendon. 2. Muscle; nerve. Sir J. Davies. [Rare.] 3. That which gives strength or vigour; that in which strength consists. The portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry.' Shak. Victuals and ammunition, SINEW Sinew (sin'ū), v.t. To knit or strengthen, as by sinews. So shalt thou sinew both these lands together.' Shak. We should find that creatures now stuck up for long tortures... might, if properly treated, serve to sinew the state in time of danger. Goldsmith. Sinewed (sin'ūd), p. and a. Having sinews; hence, strong firm; vigorous; sinewy. 'Strong sinewed was the youth.' Dryden. 'Until endurance grew sinew'd with action.' Tennyson. He will the rather do it when he sees Shak. Sinewless (sin'u-les), a. Having no strength or vigour. The arm of the church is now short and sinewless. Bp. Hall. Sinewoust (sin'u-us), a. Sinewy. 'Armes and other limış more sinewous than fleshy.' Holinshed. Sinew-shrunk (sin'u-shrungk), a. In farriery, having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excess of fatigue: said of a horse. Sinewy (sin'ū-i), a. 1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling a sinew or sinews. The sinewy thread my brain lets fall. Donne. 2. Well braced with sinews; nervous; strong; vigorous; firm; as, the sinewy Ajax. Shak. The northern people are large, fair-complexioned, strong, sinewy, and courageous. Sir M. Hale. The smith, a mighty man is he, Longfellow. Sinful (sin'ful), a. 1. Tainted with or full of sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as, sinful men. Ah, sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity! Is. i. 4. A sinful heart makes feeble hand. Sir W. Scott. 2. Containing sin or consisting in sin; contrary to the laws of God; as, sinful actions; sinful thoughts; sinful words. Nature herself, though pure of sinful thought, Milton. -Criminal, Sinful, Wicked, Immoral, Depraved. See under CRIMINAL Sinfully (sin'ful-li), adv. In a sinful manner; wickedly; iniquitously; criminally. South. The humble and contented man pleases himself innocently and easily, while the ambitious man attempts to please others sinfully and difficultly. Sinfulness (sin'fyl-nes), n. The quality of being sinful or contrary to the divine will; wickedness; depravity; moral corruption; iniquity; criminality; as, the sinfulness of an action; the sinfulness of thoughts or purposes. 'Supernal grace contending with sinfulness of men.' Milton. Sing (sing), v.i. pret. sang, sung (it would be difficult to say which is the commoner); pp. sung; ppr. singing. [A. Sax. singan, pret. sang, pp. sungen; common to the Teutonic tongues: Icel. singja, Dan. synge, G. singen, Goth. siggvan, to sing; perhaps onomatopoetic; comp. Gael. seinn, to ring as a bell, to play on an instrument, to sing.] 1. To utter sounds with musical inflections or melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune. The noise of them that sing do I hear. Ex. xxxii. 18. 2. To utter sweet or melodious sounds, as birds; to produce continuous murmuring, rhythmical, or pleasing sounds. When he was by, the birds such pleasure took, At eve a dry cicala sung. 3. To give out or cause a small shrill or humming sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice. O'er his head the flying spear Sang innocent, and spent its force in air. Pope. Dry sang the tackle, sang the sail. Tennyson. The kettle was singing, and the clock was ticking steadily towards four o'clock. George Eliot. 4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse. Bid her... sing Of human hope by cross events destroy'd. Prior. Sing (sing), v.t. 1. To utter with musical modulations of voice. And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Rev. xv. 3. Tennyson. A merry song we sang with him. 2. To celebrate in song; to give praises to in verse; to relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, 88 or poetry. While stretch'd at ease you sing your happy loves.' Dryden. The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing. Addison. Arms and the man I sing. Dryden. 3. To usher, attend on, or celebrate with song; to accompany or convoy with singing; as, to sing the old year out and the new year in. I heard them singing home the bride; I thought my turn would conie ere long. Longfellow. 4. To act or produce an effect on by singing. 'Sing me now asleep.' Shak. She will sing the savageness out of a bear. Shak. Singe (sinj), v.t. pret. & pp. singed; ppr. singeing. [A. Sax. sengan, to singe, lit. to cause to sing, a caus. of singan, to sing; so also G. sengen, to singe.] 1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or outside of; to scorch; as, to singe the nap of cloth or the hair of the head; to singe off the beard. Thus riding on his curls, he seem'd to pass A rolling fire along, and singe the grass. Dryden. Specifically-2. In calico-printing, to remove the nap from, to prepare the calico for dyeing or printing, by passing it over a red-hot roller, through a gas flame, or the like. Singe (sinj), n. A burning of the surface; a slight burn. Singeing-machine (sinj'ing-ma-shen), n. A machine in which the fibrous down is removed from cotton cloth by passing it through a gas flame. Singer (singer), n. 1. One who sings. 2. One whose occupation is to sing; a skilled or professional vocalist; as, a solo singer; a trained singer. I gat me men-singers and women singers, and the delights of the sons of men, as musical instruments. Eccl. ii. 8. Singer (sinj'èr), n. One who or that which singes; specifically, in calico-manuf. (a) a person employed in singeing the nap off the cloth. (b) A singeing-machine. Singeress † (sing'èr-es), n. A female singer. Wickliffe. Singhalese (sing-ga-lēz′), n. sing. and pl. A native or natives of Ceylon; Cingalese. Singhara-nut (sing-ha'ra-nut), . In Hindustan, the name given to the fruit of a species of Trapa, the T. bispinosa. (See TRAPA) These nuts are sweet and edible, and form an extensive article of cultivation in Cashmere and other parts of the East. Singing-bird (singʻing-bèrd), n. A bird that sings; a song-bird. Singing - book (sing'ing-buk), n. A book containing music for singing; a song-book. Singing - bread (sing'ing-bred), n. In the R. Cath. Ch. the larger bread used by the priest in offering mass: so called because its manufacture was accompanied by singing. Called also Singing-cakes and Houseling bread. Singingly (sing'ing-li), adv. In a singing manner; with sounds like singing. Speak ing lispingly, and answering singingly.' North. Singing-man (singʻing-man), n. A man who sings or is employed to sing, as in cathedrals. Shak. Singing - master (sing'ing-mas-tér), n. A teacher of vocal music or the art of singing. Addison. Singing - woman (sing'ing-wu-man), n. A woman employed to sing. Single (sing'gl), a. [L. singulus, single, from root sin, sim, seen in simple, sincere (which see).] 1. One only, as distinguished from a number; consisting of one alone; not double or more; as, a single star; a single city; a single act. A double heart for his single one.' Shak. Scants us with a single kiss.' Shak. It is often emphatic: even one; as, I shall not give you a single farthing. O for a single hour of that Dundee Who on that day the word of onset gave. Wordsworth. 2. Individual; particular; considered as apart. For my single self, I had as lief not be. Shak. Trust to thy single virtue.' Shak. No single man is born with a right of controlling the opinions of all the rest. Pope. 3. Alone; having no companion or assistant. Each man apart, all single and alone.' Shak. For what, alas, can these my single arms? Shak. SINGLY 4. Unmarried; as, a single man; a single woman; a single life. So single chose to live, and shunn'd to wed.' Dryden.-5. Not twisted, doubled, or combined with others; as, a single thread.-6. Performed by one person, or by one person only opposed to another; as, a single combat. In single opposition, hand to hand. Shak. Thy appellant, who now defies thee thrice to single fight.' Milton. 7. Not double or deceitful; simple; honest; unbiased; sincere. 'I speak it with a single heart.' Shak.-8. Not compound. As simple ideas are opposed to complex, and single to compound, so propositions are distinguished. 9. ་ Watts. Small; weak; silly. He utters such single matter in so infantly a voice.' Beau. & Fl.--10. In bot, applied to a flower when there is only one on a stem; in common usage, applied to a flower not double. Single perianth, a perianth of one verticil, as in the tulip and lily.-Single ale, single drink, single beer, old terms for small-beer, as double beer was for strong. The very smiths. . . drink penitent single ale Bean. & FL Dawson the butler's dead; although I think Poets were ne'er infus'd with single drink, I'll spend a farthing, muse. Bp. Corbet. -Single blessedness, the unmarried state; celibacy. Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness. Shak.-Single entry. See BOOK 2. To sequester; to withdraw; to retire. An agent singling itself from consorts." Hooker.-3.t To take alone or apart. Many men there are than whom nothing is more commendable when they are singled. Hocker. Single-acting (sing'gl-akt-ing), a. A term applied to a steam-engine in which steam is admitted to one side only of the piston. Single-block (sing'gl-blok), n. A block having but a single sheave; a single sheave in a pair of cheeks. Single-breasted (sing'gl-brest-ed), a. Applied to a coat or waistcoat which buttons only to one side, and has not flaps for overlapping. Below his single-breasted black surtout, which was buttoned up to his chin, appeared the usual number of pepper-and-salt-coloured legs. Dickens. Single-cut (sing'gl-kut), a. A term applied to a file which has but a single rank of teeth; that is, having the teeth cut in one direction only, and not crossing. Single-handed (sing'gl-hand-ed), a. 1. Having one hand or workman only.-2. Unassisted; by one's self; alone; as, to lift a heavy article single-handed. Single-hearted (sing'gl-hart-ed), a. Having a single or honest heart; without duplicity. Single-minded (sing'gl-mind-ed), a. Having a single or honest mind or heart; free from duplicity; ingenuous; guileless. Singleness (sing'gl-nes), n. The state or quality of being single; (a) the state or condition of being one only or separate from all others; the opposite of doubleness or multiplicity. (b) Simplicity; sincerity; purity of mind or purpose; freedom from duplicity; as, singleness of heart. It is not the deepness of their knowledge, but the singleness of their belief, which God accepteth. Hooker. Singles (sing'glz), n. The reeled filaments of silk, twisted into a thread. See SILK. Single-stick (sing'gl-stik), n. 1. A cudgel, called also a Backsword. Hence-2. A game at cudgels, in which he who first brings blood from his adversary's head is pronounced victor. Single-thorn (sing'gl-thorn), n. The popu lar name for a Japanese fish (Monocentris Japonicus) of the family Berycidæ, remarkable for the size of its head, its strong thornlike spines, and its mailed suit of hard projecting scales. It is of a silvery-white colour, and about 6 or 7 inches long. It is the only known species of the genus. Single-tree (sing'gl-tre), n. Same as Swingle tree. Singlo (sin'glō), n. A sort of fine tea, with large, flat leaves, and not much rolled. Simmonds. Singly (sing'gli), adv. 1. Individually: particularly; separately. 'Demand them singly." SING-SONG Shak. To make men singly and personally good.' Tillotson.-2. Only; by one's self. 'At Look thee, 'tis so, thou singly honest man. Shak. 3. Without partners, companions, or associates; as, to attack another singly. ombre singly to decide their doom.' Pope. 4. Honestly, sincerely. -5.† Singularly. 'An edict singly unjust.' Milton. Sing-song (sing'song), n. A term for bad singing or chanting, a drawling or monotonous tone, or wearying succession of tones; repetition of similar words or tones. 'A languid sing-song of laborious riddles.' Craik, Sing-song (sing'song), a. Drawling; chanting, monotonous, as sound; as, a sing-song tone of voice. Singstert (sing'ster), n. A female who sings; a songstress Wickliffe. Singular (sing'gü-lêr), a. [L. singularis, from singulus, single.] 1. Separate from others; single. To try the matter in a singular combat.' Holinshed.-2. Belonging to one; single; individual. That idea which represents one determinate thing, is called a singular idea, whether simple, complex, or compound. Watts. 3. In gram. denoting one person or thing: as, the singular number: opposed to dual and plural -4. Marked as apart from others; without parallel; unexampled. 'Some villain, ay, and singular in his art.' Shak.5 Out of the usual course; remarkable; unusual, uncommon; strange; as, a singular phenomenon. So singular a sadness Must have a cause as strange as the effect. Denham. 6. Above or greater than common; remarkable; eminent; unusual; rare; as, a man of singular gravity or singular attainments. Men of singular integrity.' Shak.-7. Not complying with common usage or expectation; hence, peculiar; odd; as, he was very singular in his behaviour. His zeal None seconded, as... singular and rash. Milton. 8. Being alone; that of which there is but one; unique. These busts of the emperors and empresses are scarce, and some of them almost singular in their k.ad. Addison. -Singular proposition, in logic, one which has for its subject either a singular term or a common term limited to one individual by a singular sign. -Singular term, a term which stands for one individual. See TERM. --Singular successor, in Scots law, a purchaser or other disponee, or acquirer by titles, whether judicial or voluntary, in contradistinction to the heir, who succeeds by a general title of succession or universal representation-Eccentric, Singular, Strange, Old See under ECCENTRIC.-SYN. Unex ampled, unprecedented, eminent, extraordinary, remarkable, uncommon, rare, unnsual, peculiar, strange, odd, eccentric, fantastic. Singular (sing'gu-lér), n. 1. A particular instance. Dr. H. More. [Rare.]-2. In gram. the singular number. Singularist (sing'gù-lèr-ist), n. One who affects singularity. A clownish singularist, or nonconformist to ordinary rules.' Bar 89 degree not common to others. 'The youth who was singularly handsome.' Milman. 'A policy singularly judicious.' Macaulay. 2 Oddly; strangely.-3. So as to express one or the singular number. Singult (sin'gult), n. [L. singultus, a sob or sigh.] A sigh. Spenser; W. Browne. In med. relatSingultous (sin-gult'us), a. ing to or affected with hiccough. Dunglison. Singultus (sin-gul'tus), n. [L.] In med. the hiccough; a convulsive motion of the diaphragm and parts adjacent. Sinical (sin'ik-al), a. [From sine.] Pertaining to a sine.-Sinical quadrant, a quadrant formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun. It had lines drawn from each side intersecting each other, with an index divided by sines, also with 90° on the limb, and sights at the edge. Sinister (sin'is-tér), a. [L., left, on the left, unlucky, inauspicious, bad; origin doubtful.] 1. On the left hand, or the side of the left hand; left: opposed to dexter or right; as, the sinister cheek. My mother's blood Shak. What all the several ills that visit earth, B. Jonson. -Sinister aspect, in astrol. an appearance of two planets happening according to the succession of the signs, as Saturn in Aries, and Mars in the same degree of Gemini. [This term, when used in the heraldic sense, is sometimes accented sinister, and this was generally the earlier accentuation, as may be seen from the above quotations from Shakspere and Jonson.] Sinisterly (sin'is-tèr-li), adv. In a sinister manner; perversely; unfairly; dishonestly. 'By envious carpers sinisterly suspected.' Holinshed. Sinistral (sin'is-tral), a. 1. Belonging to the left hand; inclining to the left hand; sinistrous.-2. In conch. applied to shells in which the turns of the spiral are made to the left instead of to the right. Sinistrally (sin'is-tral-li), adv. On the left hand; from left to right. Sinistrorsal (sin-is-trors'al), a. Turned or twining towards the left; sinistrorse. Sinistrorse (sin'is-trors), a. [L. sinistrorsus, sinistroversus, from sinister, left, and vorto, verto, vorsum, versum, to turn.] Directed to the left; turning or twining to the left: usually said of the stems of plants. Sinistrous (sin'is-trus), a. [See SINISTER.] 1. Being on the left side; inclined to the left. 2. Wrong; absurd; perverse. A knave or fool can do no harm, even by the most sinistrous and absurd choice. Bentley. Sinistrously (sin'is-trus-li), adv. 1. In a sinistrous manner; perversely; wrongly. To accuse, calumniate, backbite, or sinistrously interpret others.' Sir T. Browne. 2. With a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand. Many in their infancy are sinistrously disposed, and divers continue all their life left-handed. Sir T. Browne. Sink (singk), v.i. pret. sunk or sank; pp. sunk or sunken (the second form rare except when used as a participial adjective). [A. Sax. sincan, Dan. synke, D. zinken, G. sinken, Goth. siggkvan, to sink; nasalized forms corresponding to A. Sax. and O.H.G. sigan, to sink.] 1. To fall by the force of gravity; to descend through a medium of little resisting power, as water, mire, sand, and the like; to descend below the surface; to go to the bottom; to become submerged; to subside. So eagerly the fiend.. With head, hands, wings, or feet, pursues his way, And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies. Milton. SINKING of power to keep erect or standing; to fall slowly to the ground or surface from weakness or the like. Why, how now, cousin! wherefore sink you down? He sunk down in his chariot. 2 Ki. ix. 24 Shak 3. To enter or penetrate into any body. The stone sunk into his forehead. 1 Sam. xvii. 49. 4. To become hollow from loss of flesh: chiefly used in pp.; as, her cheeks are sunk. 'A lean cheek, a blue eye and sunken.' Shak. 5. To take or appear to take a lower position; to decrease in height or to appear to do so; as, the land sinks when we sail out to sea. 'Full music rose, and sank the sun.' Tennyson.-6. To be overwhelmed or depressed. 'So much the vital spirits sink.' Tennyson. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. 7. To enter deeply; to be impressed. Let these sayings sink down into your ears. Luke ix. 44S. To change from a better to a worse state; to decline in worth, strength, vigour, estimation, and the like; to fall off in value; to decay; to decrease. Shak. Nor urged the labours of my lord in vain, A sinking empire longer to sustain. Dryden. This republic ... is likelier to sink than increase in its dominions. Addison. 9. To decrease in bulk or volume; to become less in quantity or amount; as, a river sinks in dry weather.-10. To fall into rest or indolence. Wouldst thou have me sink away In pleasing dreams? Addison. SYN. To fall, descend, subside, drop, droop, enter, penetrate, decline, decay, decrease, lessen. Sink (singk), v.t. 1. To cause to sink; to put under water; to immerse in a fluid; as, to sink a ship. 'From these shoulders taken a load would sink a navy.' Shak. 2. To bring from a higher to a lower position; to cause to fall or drop. She sank her head upon her arm.' Tennyson.-3. To make by digging or delving; as, to sink a pit or a well. In this square they sink a pit, and dig for freestone. Addison. 4. To depress; to degrade. Prior. I raise or sink, imprison, or set free. 5. To plunge into destruction; to cause to perish; to ruin. If I have a conscience, let it sink me. Shak. 6. To bring low; to reduce in quantity. You sunk the river with repeated draughts. Addison. 7. To depress; to overbear; to crush. 8. To suppress; to conceal; to appropriate. [Rare.] If sent with ready money to buy anything and you happen to be out of pocket, sink the money, and take up the goods on account. Swift. 9. Not to take into account; to lose sight of, as one's self or one's own interest. He was sinking self so much, and struggling so hard towards a noble action, that it was hard to reason with him calmly. F. W. Robinson. 10. To lower in value or amount; as, great importations may sink the price of goods. 11. To invest, as money, more or less permanently in any undertaking or scheme for the sake of a profitable return, interest, or the like. To sink the shop, to avoid allusion to one's calling. [Colloq.] Sink (singk), n. 1. A receptacle for receiving liquid filth; a kennel; a sewer. Shak. 2. A kind of box or basin-shaped receptacle connected with an outflow pipe leading into a drain, used for receiving filthy water, as in kitchens, &c.-3. Any place where corruption is gathered. Our soul, whose country's heav'n, and God her father, Into this world, corruption's sink, is sent, Donne. Sink-a-pace (singk'a-pas), n. A corruption of Cinque-pace, a kind of dance. Shak. Sinker (singk'ér), n. One who or that which sinks; particularly, (a) a weight on something, as a fish-line, net, or the like, to sink it. (b) One of the thin plates or slips of steel that aid in forming the loops upon the needles in knitting machines. Sink-hole (singk'hōl), n. An orifice in a sink; a hole for dirty water to pass through. Falling; Sinking (singk'ing), p. and a. subsiding; depressing; declining.-Sinking fund, a fund collected by the government or other competent authorities for the gradual payment of the debt of a state, corporation, &c. In Britain, the surplus revenue SINKING-RIPE of the kingdom beyond the actual expenditure, directed to be applied to the reduction of the national debt. Sinking-ripe (singk'ing-rip), a. Ready to sink; near sinking. The sailors sought for safety by our boat And left the ship, then sinking-ripe to us. Shak. Sink-trap (singk'trap), n. A trap for a kitchen sink so constructed as to allow water to pass down, but not allow reflow of air or gases. Sinless (sin'les), a. 1. Free from sin; pure; perfect. Calm and sinless peace.' Milton. 2. Exempt from sin; innocent; as, a sinless soul. Led on, yet sinless, with desire to know What nearer might concern him. Milton. Sinlessly (sin'les-li), adv. In a sinless manner; innocently. Sinlessness (sin'les-nes), n. The state of being sinless; freedom from sin and guilt. Sinnamine (sin'a-min), n. (CHN) In chem. a basic substance obtained indirectly Sinner (sin'er), v.i. To act as a sinner. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it.' Pope. [Humorous.] Sinneresst (sin'èr-es), n. A female sinner; a woman who commits sin. Wickliffe. Sinnet (sin'et), n. Same as Sennit." Sin-offering (sin'of-fer-ing), n. A sacrifice or offering for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin. Sinological (sin-o-loj'i-kal), a. Pertaining to sinology. Sinologist (si-nol'o-jist). n. A sinologue. Sinologue (sin'o-log), n. [Fr. sinologue, from Gr. Sina, China, Sinai, the Chinese, and logos, discourse.] A student of the Chinese language, literature, history, &c.; one versed in Chinese. For a long time neither Germany nor England could boast of any eminent Chinese scholars, and the very name of Sinologue,' which sounds quite natural in French, has remained without a counterpart in English and German. Times newspaper. Sinology (si-nol'o-ji), n. [See SINOLOGUE.] That branch of knowledge which deals with the Chinese language and connected subjects. Sinoper, Sinopite (si'no-pèr, si'nō-pit), n. Same as Sinople. Sinopia, Sinopis (si-no'pi-a, si-no'pis), n. A pigment of a fine red colour prepared from the earth sinople. Sinople (si'no-pl), n. [Fr. sinople, from L. L. sinopis, a red colour, also a green colour; L. sinopis, Gr. sinopis, earth of Sinope, red ochre, from Sinope, a town on the Black Sea, near which it occurs.] 1. Red ferruginous quartz, of a blood or brownish red colour, sometimes with a tinge of yellow. It occurs in small very perfect crystals, and in masses resembling some varieties of jasper. [In this sense written also Sinoper and Sinopite.1-2. In her. the Continental designation for the colour green; by English heralds called vert. Sinquet (singk), n. Same as Cinque. Beau. & Fl. Sinter (sin'tér), n. A German name for a rock precipitated in a crystalline form from mineral waters. Calcareous sinter is a variety of carbonate of lime, composed of a series of successive layers, concentric, plane or undulated, and nearly or quite parallel. It appears under various forms. Siliceous sinter is white or grayish, light, brittle, porous, and of a fibrous texture. Opaline siliceous sinter somewhat resembles opal. It is whitish, with brownish, blackish, or bluish spots, and its fragments present dendritic appearances. Pearl sinter, or florite, occurs in stalactitic, cylindrical, botryoidal, and globular masses, white or grayish. It is a variety of opal. Ceraunian sinter is a variety of quartz, consisting of siliceous tubes found in sands, and so named because supposed to be produced by lightning. Called also Fulgurite, Thunder-tube. The Sintoc, Sindoc (sin'tok, sin'dok), n. bark of a species of Cinnamomum, indigenous in the primeval forests of Java. It is in flattish pieces, of a warm spicy taste, but is 90 seldom seen in this country. Written also Syndoc. Sintoo, Sintooism (sin'tö, sin'tö-izm), n. Same as Shinto, Shintoism. Also written Sintu, Sintuism. Sinuate (sin'u-at), v.t. [L. sinuo, to curve, to bend, to wind.] To bend or curve in and out; to wind; to turn. Woodward. Sinuate, Sinuated (sin'u-at, sin'u-at-ed), a. 1. Bending; winding; sinuous. 2. In bot. a term applied to a leaf that has large curved breaks in the margin resembling bays, as in the oak; having a wavy margin. The woodcut shows the leaf of the common oak (Quercus robur). Sinuation (sin-u-a'shon), n. A winding or bending in and out. Sinuate Leaf. Sinuato-dentate (sin'ū-ātō-den"tät), a. In bot. a term applied to a leaf which is sinuate and toothed. Sinuosity (sin-u-os'i-ti), n. Same as Sinuous. Sinuose (sin'ü-ös), a. 1. The quality of being sinuous or of bending or curving in and out.-2. A series of bends and turns in arches or other irregular figures; a bend in such a series; a wave line. 'A line of coast, certainly amounting with its sinuosities to more than 700 miles.' S. Smith. Sinuous (sin'u-us), a. [Fr. sinueux, L. sinu osus, from sinus, a bent surface, a curve.] Bending or curving in and out; of a serpentine or undulating form; winding; crooked. 'Insect or worm. streaking the ground with sinuous trace.' Milton. 'Sinuous rills.' Coleridge. Sinuously (sin'u-us-li), adv. In a sinuous manner; windingly; crookedly. Sinupallial (si'nu-pal"li-al), a. Of or pertaining to the Sinupallialia. Sinupallialia (si'nů-pal-li-ä'li-a), n. pl. [L. sinus, a bay, a bosom, and pallium, a covering, a mantle.] A subdivision of the lamellibranchiate molluscs, characterized by large respiratory siphons and sinuated pallial line. See SIPHONIDA. Sinus (si'nus), n. [L., a bent surface, a I would not soil these pure ambrosial weeds Siogun (sho'gun), n. Same as Shogun. Sioux (si-o' or so), n. s. and pl. The name of a race of Indians in North America inhabiting Nebraska, Wyoming, Dakota, &c. Sip (sip), v.t. pret. & pp. sipped; ppr. sipping. [A lighter form of sup; D. and LG. sippen, to sip. See SUP.] 1. To imbibe or take into the mouth in small quantities by the lips; as, to sip wine; to sip tea or coffee. To sip or touch one drop of it.' Shak. 'Sipt wine from silver, praising God.' Tennyson.-2. To drink in or absorb in small quantities. Every herb that sips the dew.' Milton.-3. To draw into the mouth; to suck up; to extract; as, a bee sips nectar from the flowers.-4. To drink out of. SIPHON-BOTTLE Siphilis (sif'i-lis), n. See SYPHILIS Siphoid (si'foid), n. [Fr. siphoïde.] A vessel or apparatus of French construction for receiving and giving out aerated waters. Siphon, Syphon (sifon), a. [Gr. siphin, a hollow tube, a reed.] 1. A bent pipe or tube whose legs are of unequal length, used for drawing liquid out of a vessel by causing it to rise in the tube over the rim or top. For this purpose the shorter leg is inserted in the liquid, and the air is exhausted by being drawn through the longer leg. (See fig. 1.) The liquid then rises by the weight of the atmosphere till it reaches the top of the vessel, and then descends in the lower leg of the siphon, and continues to flow till the liquid in the vessel reaches the level of the end of the shorter leg. The action of the siphon depends on the difference between the lengths of the two legs, estimated in a perpendicular direction, the shorter leg being always inserted in the liquid. Sometimes an exhausting tube is placed on the longer leg for exhausting the air by suction (see fig. 2), and causing the flow to commence, but the more general method is to fill the tube in the first place with the liquid, and then stopping the mouth of the longer leg to insert the shorter leg in the vessel; upon removing the stop the liquid will immediately begin to flow. The limits within which the siphon can act are determined by the specific gravity of the fluid. Water cannot be raised by the siphon to a 1 1, Common Siphon. 2, Improved Siphon, with exhausting tube for filling it. greater height than 32 feet, nor mercury to a greater height than 29 inches.-Würtemberg siphon (so called from its having been first used in that place), a siphon with both legs equal, and turned up at the extremities, in which case so long as the extremities are kept on the same level, it will continue always full and ready for use.-2. In zool. (a) one of the membranous and calcareous tubes which traverse the septa and the interior of polythalamous shells. (b) The tubular prolongation of the mantle in certain univalve and bivalve molluscs, used for conveying water to or from the gills. In this sense also called Siphuncle. Siphon (si'fon), v.t. To convey, as water, by means of a siphon; to transmit or remove by a siphon. Water may be siphoned over obstacles which are less than 32 feet higher than the surface of the water. Pop. Ency Siphonage (si'fon-aj), n. The action or operation of a siphon. Siphonal (si'fon-al), a. Pertaining to or Siphon-barometer (si"fon-ba-rom'et-ér), n. A barometer in which the lower end of the tube is bent upward, in the form of a siphon. There are several varieties of siphon-barometers, but the most convenient is that invented by Gay-Lussac. The tube is hermetically sealed at both ends, after having been filled with mercury, and the communication with the atmosphere takes place through a small capillary hole drilled laterally through the short turned-up branch near its upper extremity. This orifice is so small that while it allows the air to pass freely, it prevents the escape of the mercury. This barometer is very convenient for carriage, and is easily brought to a position proper for observation. Siphon-bottle (si-fon-bot'l), n. A bottle for containing aerated waters which may be discharged through a bent tube by the pressure of the gas. |