. G. A. Sala, Sala, Geo. Augustus (misc. writer), . Sancroft, Wm., D.D. (Abp. of Cant.; 1616-1693). Abp. Sancroft. Sanders, Rich. (astrol.; works 1653–84), Rich, Sanders. Sanderson, Robt., D.D. (Bp. of Linc.; 1587-1662), . Bp. Sanderson or Sanderson. Sandys, Edwin, D.D. (Abp. of York; 1519-1588), Sandys, Sir Edwin, M.P. (Europa Spe Names in full and dates. Smith, Rev. Sydney (div. and essayist; 1771-1845). Cited in Dict, as S. Smith or Sydney Smith, Smith, Sir Thos. (Sec. of State; 15141577). Sir T. Smith. Smith, Will. (Dean of Ches.; 1711-1787), Dean Smith. Smith, Wm., LL.D, (Class. Dicts.),. Dr. W. Smith. Smith, Will, Robertson (bib. critic), Abp. Sandys. Southwell. Tennant. Tennent, Sir J. E. (Ceylon; 1804-1869), Spalding. Sir F. E. Tennent, Tennyson. Spelman. Fos. Spence. H. Spencer. Dr. Spencer. Spenser. Savile, Sir Henry (antiq.; 1549-1621), Sir H. Savile. Scott, Sir Walter (1771-1832), Miss Sedgwick. Sedley, Sir Chas. (dramatist; 1639-1701). Sedley. Seelye, Julius Hawley (Amer. philosoph.), F.H. Seelye. Selby, Prideaux John (naturalist; 17801867). Selby. Selden, John (polit. writer; 1584-1654). Selden. Seward, Anna (poetess; 1747-1809),. Anna Seward. Seward, Wm. (biog.; 1747-1799), . Seward. Sewell, Geo., M.D. (dramas, &c.; d. 1726), G. Sewell. Shadwell, Thos. (dramatist; 1640-1692), Shadwell, Shaftesbury, Anthony Cooper, Earl of (Characteristics of Men; 1671-1713), . Shaftesbury. Shakspere, William (1564-1616), Sharp, John, D.D. (Abp. of York; 16441714). Shak. Abp. Sharp. Sharpe. Rev. J. Sharpe. Sharpe, Jas. B. (surg.; works 1815-32), Sharpe, Samuel (Egyptologist; 1800- S. Sharpe. Sheffield. Sheil, Rich. Lalor (Irish polit.; 1793-1851), Shiel. Sheldon, Rich. (relig. works, 1611-1622), Sheldon. Shelford, Robert (relig. writer; 1602-1635). Shelford. Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792-1822), Shelton, Thos. (trans. of Don Quixote, 1612-20), Sheffield, John (Duke of Buck.; 16491720), Southwell, Robt. (poet, &c.; 1560-1595). Spencer, Herbert (philosophical writer), 1806-1863). Stat. Account, Scotland. Steele, Sir Richard (essayist; 1671-1729), Steele. Steevens, George (Shak. comment.; 1736 1800), Steevens. Stephen, Henry John (jurist; 1787-1864), Serjt. Stephen. Stephen, Sir James (essays, &c.; 17891859). Sir F. Stephen. Stephen, Leslie (critic and essayist), Leslie Stephen. Sterling. Sterling, John (essayist; 1806-1844).. Sterne, Rev. Laurence (Tristram Shandy; 1713-1768), Sternhold, Thos. (psalmist; d. 1549). Bp. Sherlock. Bp. Still. Stillingfleet. Stirling, Jas. Hutchinson, LL.D. (philosopher), .F.Hutchinson Stirling. Stocqueler, J. H. (milit, writer). Stocqueler. Stoddart, Sir John (journalist, &c.; 17731856), Sir F. Stoddart. Stormonth, Rev. Jas. (Eng. Dict.; 18251882). Stormonth. Rev. Orby Shipley. Shirley, Sir Anthony (traveller; 1565 1630). . Sir A. Shirley. Shirley, James (dramatist; 1596-1666),. Shirley. Shuckford, Sam., D.D. (hist., &c.; d. 1754), Shuckford. Sibbald, Sir Robt. (naturalist and antiq.; works 1661-1711), Sibbes, Rich., D.D. (relig. writer; 1577- Simmonds, Peter Lund (Dict. Trade. Sinclair, Sir John, LL.D., M.P. (Statist. Acc. of Scotland; 1754-1835).. Skinner, Robert, D.D. (Bp. of Wor.; Smith, Adam (polit. econ.; 1723–1790), Adam Smith. Strangford, Percy, Viscount (philol., Strype, John (eccles. biog., &c.; 1643-1737), Strype. Abuses, 1583). Teonge, Henry (Diary, 1675-1679).. Henry Teonge. Terry, Edward (traveller; d. 1660), . E. Terry. Thackeray, Wm. Makepeace (novelist; 1811-1863), Thackeray, Thirlwall, Connop (hist.; 1797-1875), Bp. Thirlwall. Thomas, Lord Cromwell, Old play, Thom. Lord Cromwell. Thomson, Sir C. Wyville (naturalist; 1830-1882), Sir Wyville Thomson. Thomson, James (poet; 1700-1748)... Thomson. Thomson, Mowbray (Story of Cawn pore, 1859). Capt. M. Thomson. Thomson, Wm., D.D. (Abp. of York), Abp. Thomson, Thomson, Sir William (physicist and mathematician), . Sir W. Thomson. Thorold, Rev. Ant. W. (divine), .A. W. Thorold. Thorpe, Benj. (Ang.-Sax. scholar; 1808-1870), Thorpe. Thorpe, Thomas B. (Amer, artist and journalist), T. B. Thorpe. Thurlow, Edw. (Lord-chan.; 1732-1806), Ld. Thurlow. Thynn, Fran. (antiq.; 1545-1608), . Fr. Thynn. Tickell, Thomas (poet; 1685-1740), Tillotson, John, D.D. (Abp. of Cant.; 1630-1694), 1812), Tooke, Wm. (Hist. of Russia; 1744-1820), Tooke. Tooker, Wm. (Canon of Exeter; d. 1620), Canon Tooker. Topsell, Edw. (naturalist; works 1599-1608), Topsell. Tourneur, Cyril (dramatist; works 1605 1613), Tourneur. Trapp. Joseph, D.D. (poet; 1679-1747), Trapp. Treasury of Botany, Maunder's, Treas. of Bot. Do. Natural History, do. Treas. of Nat.Hist. Trench, R. Chenevix (Abp. of Dublin), Abp. Trench or Trench, Trollope, Anthony (novelist), Trollope. Trollope, Frances (novelist; 1790-1863), Mrs. Trollope. Trollope, Thos. A. (novelist, &c.), T. A. Trollope. Trumbull, Benj., D.D. (Amer. hist.; Trumbull, John, LL.D. (Amer. lawyer; 1711-1799).. 1606), Rich. Turnbull. Turner, Sharon (hist.; 1768-1847). S. Turner. Tusser, Thos. (bucolic poetry; 1515-1580), Tusser. Twain, Mark (humorist), S. L. Clemens. Twining, Thos. (trans. of Aristotle, 1789), Twining. Twisden, Sir Roger (antiq.; 1597-1672), Stukeley, Wm. (antiq.; 1687-1765), Swift, Zephaniah (Amer. jurist; 1759-1823), Z. Swift. Sylvester; or Sylvester, Du Bartas. Talfourd, Sir Thomas Noon (poet, &c.; Tyrwhitt, Thos. (Ed. of Chaucer, &c.; 1730-1786), Wheatstone. . Dr. Wallace. Waller. Wallis. Wakefield, Gilbert (theol.; 1756-1801), Walker, John (lexicog.; 1733-1807). Wallace, Alfred Russell (biologist and trav.), . A. R. Wallace. Wallace, Rob., D.D. (Prof. of Church Waller, Edmund (poet; 1605-1687), . H. Walpole or Walpole. Walpole, Sir Robert (statesman; 1676– 1745). Sir R. Walpole. Walsall, Sam. (Sermons, 1615), Walsall. Walsh, J. H. (Domestic Economy, &c.), F. H. Walsh. Walsh, Robt., LL.D. (chaplain at Con stantinople; wrote 1820-1840), Walsh, Wm. (poet; 1663-1707). Walton, Izaak (Complete Angler; 15931683). Whately, Wm. (divine; 1583-1639), Wheatley, Chas. (divine; 1686-1742), Wheatstone, Sir Chas. (physicist; 18021875). Whitaker, Tobias, M.D. (works 1638- R. Walsh. Walsh. Iz. Wallon. Wandesforde. Whitgift. . Eliot Warburton. Whiting, Nicholas (Hist. of Albino and Bellama, 1637), Whiting. Whitlock, Bulstrode (statesman; 16051676), Whitlock, Wandesforde, Chris., Viscount Castle- Warburton. Bp. Ward. Warner, Will. (poet; 1558-1609), Warren, Samuel (novelist, &c.; 1807-1877), Warton, Joseph (poet; 1722-1800), Warton, Thos. (poet; 1728-1790),.. Washington, George (Pres. U.S.; 17321799). Washington. Waterhouse, Edwd. (heraldry; 1619–1670), Waterhouse. Waterland, Daniel, D.D. (divine; 16831740). Watson, Robert, LL.D. (hist.; 17301781). Watson, Thos., D.D. (Bp. of Linc.; d. 1582) Watson, Sir Thos, M.D., Waterland. Dr. R. Watson. Bp. Watson. Sir T. Watson. Watson, Will. (Call to Repent, 1691), W. Watson. Watts, Henry (Dict. of Chem.), Watts' Dict. of Chem. Watts, Isaac, D.D. (poet and moralist; 1674-1748). Weale, John (Dict. of Terms, 1873).. Webbe, Wm. (Discourse of English Poetrie: d. after 1591), Webster, Daniel (Amer. statesman; 17821852). Webster, John (dramatist; 1585-16549), Webster, Noah (lexicog.: 1758-1843), Wedgwood, Hensleigh (philol.), Weever, John (antiq.; 1576-1632), Whitney, Wm. Dwight (philol.), Willet. Williams, Sir Chas. Hanbury (political Williamson, Capt. Thos. (Oriental Sports, Wither, George (poet; 1588-1667), Woolton, Jno., D.D. (Bp. of Ex.; 15351593), Worcester, Jos. Emerson (lexicog.; 17841865), Worcester, Marquis of (Century of Inventions; 1601-1667), Marquis of Worcester. Wordsworth, Wm. (1770-1850), Wordsworth. Wotton, Sir Henry (poet, &c.; 1568-1639), Wotton. Wotton, Sir H. (Remains and Life), Reliquia Wettoniana. Wotton, Wm., D.D. (1666-1726), Dr. W. Wotton. Wrangham, Francis (scholar and misc. Watts. Weale. W. Webbe. Young, Arthur (writer on agriculture; 1741-1820), Prof. Yonge. Yorks. Gloss. Youatt. Arthur Young. Young, Arthur, D.D. (divine; d. 1759), Dr. A. Young. Young, Edwd. (poet; 1684-1765), Sir C. Young. Young. Prof. Young. Yule, Col. Henry (orientalist and geog.), H. Yule. EXPLANATIONS REGARDING PRONUNCIATION AND CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. PRONUNCIATION. IN showing the pronunciation the simplest and most easily understood method has been adopted, that of re-writing the word in a different form. In doing so the same letter or combination of letters is made use of for the same sound, no matter by what letter or letters the sound may be expressed in the principal word. The key by this means is greatly simplified, the reader having only to bear in mind one mark for each sound. .... tube. Accent. Words consisting of more than one syllable receive an accent, as the first syllable of the word labour, the second of delay, and the third of comprehension. The accented syllable is the most prominent part of the word, Sc. abune (Fr. u). being made so by means of the accent. In this dictionary it is denoted by the mark'. This mark, called an accent, is placed above and beyond the syllable which receives the accent, as in the words la'bour, delay', and comprehen'sion. oil. not. move. as in ch, ch, g. ǹ, ng, chain. then. thin. wig. whig. azure. The application of this key to the pronunciation of foreign words can as a rule only represent approximately the true pronunciation of those words. It is applicable, however, to Latin and Greek words, as those languages are pronounced in England. Many polysyllabic words are pronounced with two accents, the primary and the secondary accent, as the word excommunication, in which the third, as well as the fifth syllable is commonly accented. The accent on the fifth syllable is the primary, true, or tonic accent, while that on the third is a mere euphonic accent, and consists of a slight resting on the syllable to prevent indistinctness in the utterance of so many unaccented syllables. Where both accents are marked in a word, the primary accent is thus marked ", and the secondary, or inferior one, by this mark', as in the word excommunication. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND SYMBOLS. By means of chemical symbols, or formulas, the composition of the most complicated substances can be very easily expressed, and that, too, in a very small compass. An abbreviated expression of this kind often gives, in a single line, more information as to details than could be given in many lines of letterpress. When a symbol has a small figure or number underwritten, and to the right of it, such figure or number indicates the number of atoms of the element. Thus-O2 signifies two atoms of oxygen, S, five atoms of sulphur, and Co ten atoms of carbon. When two or more elements are united to form a chemical compound, their symbols are written one after the other, to indicate the compound. Thus-H2O means water, a compound of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen; C12H2O indicates cane-sugar, a compound of twelve atoms of carbon, twenty-two of hydrogen, and eleven of oxygen. These two expressions as they stand denote respectively a molecule of the substance they represent, that is, the smallest possible quantity of it capable of existing in the free state. To express several molecules a large figure is prefixed, thus: 2 H2O represents two molecules of water, 4(C12H22O11) four molecules of cane-sugar. When a compound is formed of two or more compounds the symbolical expressions for the compound are usually connected together by a comma; thus, the crystallized magnesic sulphate is MgSO4, 7 H2O. The symbols may also be used to express the changes which occur during chemical action, and they are then written in the form of an equation, of which one side represents the substances as they exist before the change, the other the result of the reaction. Thus, 2 H2+0=2 HO expresses the fact that two molecules of hydrogen, each containing two atoms, and one of oxygen, also containing two atoms, combine to give two molecules of water, each of them containing two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. |