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Specie payments of banks, not to be suspended,

of bank bills to be secured,

Sheriffs-election and tenure of office,.........

vacancy in office of,

to hold no other office, and ineligible for next term,
to renew security, and in default, office vacant,
county not to be responsible for acts of,..
Governor may remove, and to be heard in defence,..
time of election of,...

incumbent to hold unexpired terin,

Sinking Fund-$1,300,000 from canal revenues yearly,
$1,700,000 from canal revenues yearly,
$350,000 from canal revenues yearly,.
$1,500,000 from canal revenues yearly,..
if deferred, interest to be computed on,
dues from incorporated companies, part of,.
money may be borrowed on credit of....
money to be repaid from canal revenues,.

School Fund-capital inviolate, and revenues how applied,.
Suffrage-rights of,..

who may be deprived of,

proofs of, how ascertained,.

Suits-certain not affected,..

.........

Supervisors of counties to make Assembly districts,............ of New-York city to make Senate districts,

boards of, may have power of local legislation,..

may apply for election of officers to act as surrogate, &c.,... Supreme Court of Law and Equity. [See Court, Supreme, old.]

[See Supreme Court, old.]

Supreme Court Commissioner-office of abolished,

Surrogate-county judge to perform duties of,......... separate office in certain counties,..

in case of inability or vacancy,

how removed,

old office of, abolished,

Surveyor, State. [See Engineer and Surveyor.]
Surveyor-General-when to go out of office,
Taxation-certain colored persons exempt from,..

cities and villages to be restricted in power of,.

Tax direct-to support expense of government,
to supply deficiency in Sinking Fund,..
to be repaid from canal revenues, ...........
law to state distinctly object of,..

bill for, to be passed by ayes and nays,.
three-fifths to make a quorum,

Travel of Members of the Legislature-compensation for,

Testimony in equity cases-how taken,...

Treason-Governor may suspend execution of sentence,

Legislature may pardon,.

Treasurer-election and tenure of office of,

compensation of, not to receive fees,

Commissioner of the Land Office,

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Treasurer-should be commissioner of Canal Fund,.

member of the Canal Board,

may be suspended by Governor and vacancy supplied,.
incumbent when to go out of office,..

Treasury-no money to be paid from, without appropriation,.
Title of Bills-local and private,

Tribunals of conciliation, and powers, ...
Town officers to be elected or appointed,..
Three-fifths necessary for quorum,.

Two-thirds of all elected to pass certain bills,

of all present on bill returned by Governor,...

of all present to change mode of electing militia officers, &c.,
of all elected to remove judge or justice of Supreme Court,..

United States officers-judicial or military not to hold seat in Legis

lature,..

Deposit Fund-income of, how applied,

Vacancy in office of Treasurer,..

Judge of Court of Appeals and Justice of Supreme Court,..

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County Judge in certain cases,..

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Justice of the Peace,....

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Sheriffs, &c., and how filled till next political year,

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Legislature to declare what constitutes,

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Villages may be created by special acts, judicial officers in, to be elected,.

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to be restricted in powers of taxation,..
officers in, to be elected or appointed,
Courts in, to continue until altered,.

Votes-certain, for Members of the Legislature, void,.
for Judges of the Court of Appeals,
Supreme Court,..

Weighing all offices for, abolished,...

Weights and Measures-standards of, how supplied,.

Witness-not incompetent on account of religious belief,.

not to be unreasonably detained...

not to testify against himself in criminal cases,.

Writs of error to the Court of Appeals,...

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Year-political and Legislative term,

Yeas and nays-[see ayes and nays.]

10

MANUAL

OF

PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE,

BY

THOMAS JEFFERSON.

IMPORTANCE OF RULES.

SECTION I.

THE IMPORTANCE OF ADHERING TO RULES.

MR. ONSLOW, the ablest among the Speakers of the House of Commons, used to say, "It was a maxim he had often heard when he was a young man, from old and experienced members, that nothing tended more to throw power into the hands of Administration and those who acted with the majority in the House of Commons, than a neglect of, or departure from, the rules of proceeding that these forms, as instituted by our ancestors, operated as a check and control on the actions of the majority: and that they were, in many instances, a shelter and protection to the minority, against the attempts of power."

So far the maxim is certainly true, and is founded in good sense, that as it is always in the power of the majority, by their numbers, to stop any improper measures proposed on the part of their opponents, the only weapon by which the minority can defend themselves against similar attempts from those in power, are the forms and rules of proceeding, which have been adopted as they were found necessary from time to time, and are become the law of the House; by a strict adherence to which, the weaker party can only be protected from those irregularities and abuses,

which these forms were intended to check, and which the wantonness of power is but too often apt to suggest to large and successful majorities.-2 Hats., 171, 172.

And whether these forms be in all cases the most rational or not, is really not of so great importance. It is much more material that there should be a rule to go by, than what that rule is; that there may be a uniformity of proceeding in business, not subject to the caprice of the Speaker, or captiousness of the members. It is very material that order, decency and regularity be preserved in a dignified public body.-2 Hats., 149.

SECTION IL

LEGISLATURE.

All legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.-Constitution of the United States, Article 1, Section 1.

The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. Const. U. S., Art. 1, Sec. 6.

For the powers of Congress, see the following Articles and Sections of the Constitution of the United States.-Art. 1., Sec. 4, 7, 8, 9.-Art. II., Sec. 1, 2.— Art. III., Sec. 3.-Art. IV., Sec. 1, 3, 5.—And all the Amendments.

SECTION III.

PRIVILEGED.

The privileges of the members of Parliament, from small and obscure beginnings, have been advancing for centuries with a firm and never-yielding pace. Claims seem to have been brought forward from time to time, and repeated till some example of their admission enabled them to build law on that example. We can only, therefore, state the point of progression at which they now are. It is now acknowledged: 1st, That they are at all times exempted from question elsewhere, for any thing said in their own House; that during the time of privilege, 2d, Neither a member himself, his wife,* or his servants, [familiares sui,] for any matter

• Order of the House of Commons, 1663, July 10.

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