Bioethical and Evolutionary Approaches to Medicine and the LawAmerican Bar Association, 2007 - 1174 páginas Bioethics is a multidisciplinary field of law and one that can not be ignored. Bioethical and Evolutionary Approaches to Medicine and the Law is a comprehensive, scholarly analysis of bioethics and the development of its standards. The book is broken up into the following four parts: * Part I deals with scientific, religious, ethical and legal aspects of bioethics * Part II evaluates 100 current bioethical issues and sets forth specific approaches for their resolution * Part III focuses on medical, legal and other problems from beginning of life (overpopulation, birth control, in vitro fertilization, etc.) through end of life (physician assisted suicide, advance directives, euthanasia, etc.) * Part IV discusses the major bioethical issues in genetics and genetic engineering. |
Contenido
Drawing Lines in Bioethics Medicine and the Law | 3 |
2 Environmental Parts of Ethics | 6 |
3 The European Union Convention on Human Rights ECHR and Bioethics Normal Medical Practice | 9 |
4 The Partial Transition from Bioethics to the Law Charles Snow | 11 |
a Differences between Bioethics Referred to the Hospitals Ethics Committee and Medical Malpractice Referred to the Hospitals Peer Review Committe... | 14 |
b The Better Way to Face These Problems | 23 |
The Creation and Evolution of the Universe and Humankind | 27 |
1 Cosmic Evolution from the Beginning of Time | 28 |
6 Proposal that Parents Share Some Expenses and Time | 593 |
7 Infanticide and Abortions after Viability of Certain Types of Severely Defective Infants | 595 |
Restrictions on the Sources and Allocation of Organ Transplants | 605 |
1 Restrictions on Sources for Organ Transplant and Embryo Transfer in the Twentyfirst Century | 606 |
a The Need for Consent to Organ Transplants | 613 |
b Religious and Cultural Restrictions on Transplants | 618 |
i Embryo Transfer for Stem Cell Research | 621 |
c Donations to or by Living Mature Minors and Other Legal Incompetents | 633 |
a The Big Bang and the Meaning of the Creator of the Universe Its Age and Evolution | 32 |
b Potential of Progress in Astrobiology Astrology | 41 |
2 The Importance of the Continuance of Evolution into Bioethics Medicine and the Law | 46 |
b The Importance of Considering the Meaning of Evolution | 54 |
c Evolutionary Advances by the Third Millennium | 63 |
d A Key to the Basis of Significant Contingencies Not Design in Evolution | 66 |
e Law and Biology | 68 |
Religious Sources Their Restrictions and Their Possible Bioethical Standards | 73 |
1 Certain Differences between Religious and Bioethical Standards | 74 |
a Monotheism and Its Maintenance in Modern Times | 76 |
b Consideration of Religious and Ethical Standards under the US Constitution | 80 |
2 A Brief Look at Several of Americas Diverse Religions Together with Their Restrictions on Possible Medical and Ethical Sources | 86 |
3 The Wall of Separation and Legal Bans on Teaching Religion in Public Schools | 127 |
Some Differences and Difficulties with Science and Philosophy in the Search for Bioethical Standards | 145 |
1 Better Reasoning and Performance of Science Law and Ethics Partially Distinguished | 146 |
2 Some Scientists Are Religious Fewer Are Atheists and More Are Agnostics | 151 |
a Prayer and Certain Conflicts Reincarnation | 152 |
b Limitations of Science RiskBenefit Review by IRBs in Research Clinics Complementary and Alternative Medicine CAM | 165 |
3 A Problem With the Use of Either Reason or Philosophy Alone | 176 |
4 The Allegation of Neutral Principles Science and the Humanities | 180 |
5 The Change in Modern Philosophy and Secular Humanism | 185 |
Autonomy Responsibility and Informed Consent | 189 |
1 Autonomy and Responsibility | 190 |
b From Animal Autonomy to Human Autonomy | 193 |
c Paternalistic Opposition to Individual Autonomy | 200 |
d The Balance Between Autonomy and Responsibility Majority vs Minority | 207 |
2 Eugenics Examples in Bioethical Issues | 211 |
a The Ethical Need for Increased Individual Responsibility | 214 |
b Bioethical Considerations of Religious Diversity and Educational Autonomy | 218 |
Results from Advances in Autonomy | 222 |
a The Golden Rule for Use by Physicians | 226 |
b Alleged Reliance on Patients to Ask Questions | 228 |
c Informed Consent Concerned with Alternative Treatments in Law and Medicine and the Rise of Consumerism | 230 |
d Guidelines for Informed Consent in Medicine and the Law Mandating Reporting of Violence | 233 |
e Informed Consent on Clinical Research under IRBs and Experimental Treatments during LifeThreatening Situations through Randomized PlaceboC... | 237 |
f Informed Consent by Emergency Department Physicians EMTALA the Triad Terrorist Attacks Radiation Treatment | 242 |
g Nuclear Terrorism | 250 |
h Informed Consent v Ethnic Groups and Prisoners | 258 |
i Informed Consent v Laws Authorizing Patient Access to Obtain Physician Profiles Medical Students Characterized as Doctors | 261 |
j Mental Competence to Give Informed Consent | 269 |
k Informed Consent by Minors | 275 |
Ethics Bioethics and Ethics Committees | 279 |
1 Lack of Fundamental Constitutional Rights to Healthcare and Education Costs | 280 |
With and Without Religion | 285 |
3 Ethics as Viewed by Some Physicians Errors and Interests Lack of Effective Discipline and Use of Placebos | 293 |
b Evaluations of Physicians or Bioethicists Who Work for Manufacturers of Drugs or Medical Devices | 294 |
c Peer Review Distinguished from Most Bioethical Committee Matters | 308 |
d Medical Errors Lack of Reporting PSQIA and Medicare Fraud | 312 |
e Doctoring Business with Fraud and Waste and Use of Double Standards for Admission to Medical Schools | 322 |
4 The Vagueness of Bioethical Principles and the Need for an Alternative | 325 |
5 TheTeaching of Bioethical Ethics and the Law Ethical Lapses | 328 |
6 The Role of Biomedical Ethics Committees and the Meaning of Care | 331 |
a JCAHOs Requirement of a Mechanism for Ethical Issues | 332 |
b The Lack of Standards for Membership Credentials | 336 |
c The Goals of Medicine and of Bioethics Committees Clarification and Other Goals | 338 |
d Physician Dominance in Hospital Ethics Committee Decision Making | 341 |
e Hospital and Ethics Committee Records | 345 |
7 Organizational Ethics | 348 |
a Health Maintenance Organizations HMOs ERISA and Rationing | 349 |
b Fraud in Medicare and Medicaid Contracting Practices of Healthcare Organizations and Needs of Guidelines of the FAR | 356 |
THE ISSUES BIOETHICS MUST CONTINUE TO SOLVE DURING THE TWENTYFIRST CENTURY | 363 |
To Conceive or Not to Conceive The Ethics of Family Planning and Birth Control | 365 |
1 Births within Marriage Divorce Same Sex and Births Outside of Marriage | 366 |
2 The Great Ethical Problem of Overpopulation | 378 |
b The Ethical Need to Establish a National Goal for Family Planning President Nixons Goal | 383 |
c Immigration Ethics and Population Increase | 387 |
d Environmental and Bioethical Problems Growing Out of Overpopulation | 392 |
3 Ethical Actions That Can and Should Be Taken | 396 |
i Involuntary Sterilization Castration and Mental Retardation | 398 |
b Voluntary Birth Controls | 404 |
i Voluntary Sterilization | 405 |
ii Contraception Breastfeeding | 408 |
iii Unintended Pregnancies | 415 |
iv Emergency Contraception | 418 |
Infertility Impotence and Cloning | 421 |
1 Fertility and Impotence | 422 |
b Public Subsidizing of Reproductive Assistance and Mandatory Insurance Coverage | 428 |
c Fertility Clinics and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis Lack of Regulation by Many States Embryo Detraction | 433 |
d Sperm Banks and Sperm Problems | 446 |
e Egg Banks | 450 |
f Frozen Eggs and Embryos and Agreements to Donate Them Posthumous Reproduction | 453 |
g Multiple Births Resulting from Fertility Pills | 460 |
h Artificial Insemination of Single Mothers | 465 |
i Surrogacy | 468 |
2 Cloning in the Third Millennium | 472 |
b Some Religious Reactions | 479 |
c Some Political and Legal Statements on Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research | 481 |
d Some Views of Scientists and Physicians on Human Cloning | 488 |
e Proposed Limits on Cloning in Ethics and the Law | 490 |
The Choice of Abortion | 497 |
1 Legality Privacy and Substantive Due Process | 498 |
2 Restrictions on Public Funding of Abortions | 508 |
3 Religion and Abortion | 512 |
4 Abortion Pills and Other Devices | 517 |
5 Unwanted Pregnancies Unmarried Mothers and Abortion Rates | 521 |
6 Spousal and Parental Consent for Abortions | 527 |
7 Harassing and Bombing Abortion Clinics | 532 |
8 Formerly Mandated CSections to Save a Viable Fetus | 537 |
9 Genetic Testing and Prenatal Counseling Gender Selection | 541 |
10 Partial Birth and Postviability Abortions | 549 |
11 Shortage of Physicians for Abortions | 556 |
Fetal Abuse and Severely Defective Newborns | 561 |
2 Withholding Medical Treatment from Severely Defective Premature Infants with Low Birth Weight | 570 |
Intersex Conditions | 577 |
4 Attempts to Prevent Premature Infants with Very Low Birth Weight and Futile Results in Certain Prenatal Births | 581 |
5 Poor and Expensive Outcomes at Neonatal Intensive Care Units NICUs | 585 |
d Sales of Organs | 638 |
e Organs from Suicidal Donors and Executed Criminals Murderers | 643 |
f Organs from Anencephalics | 648 |
g Fetal Tissue and Mortality Ratesin Hospitals Age Limits | 650 |
h Whole Brain Death by Neurologic Criteria and Persistent or Permanent Vegetative State PPVS | 657 |
i Xenotransplants from Animals to Humans | 668 |
2 Allocation of Donated Organs | 674 |
a Allocation Priority to the Sickest Nationwide HIV Patients | 675 |
b NonDirect Donations by Living Individuals | 680 |
c Directed Donations by Living Persons | 683 |
d Transplants to Patients with endstage renal disease ESRD | 684 |
THE RIGHT TO DIE WITH DIGNITY | 689 |
The Right to Dignity in the Dying Process | 691 |
1 The Need for EndofLifeCare Professionals in the Dying Process | 692 |
2 The Refusal to Acknowledge the Right to Die | 704 |
3 Culture Longevity and Quality of Life Decisions Monism and Dualism | 707 |
a Increasing Longevity | 710 |
b Decreasing Longevity and Quality of Life | 719 |
c Overweight Obesity and Earlier Deaths | 735 |
4 Attempts to Change from the Slow Course to Death to Varieties of Approaches to Death KublerRoss | 745 |
5 Pain and Its Partial Management | 749 |
b Pain Management and Its Limitations | 751 |
6 Costs Incurred Nearing EndofLife Healthcare | 761 |
a Entitlements and Their Limitations Social Security | 763 |
b Inequitable Allocations and Deceiving Healthcare Payers v HMOs | 766 |
c Longterm Home Care and Nursing Homes | 773 |
Improvements Needed in the Twentyfirst Century Right to Die | 779 |
1 Training for EndofLife Care | 780 |
a Advance Directives Living Wills | 782 |
2 Surrogates Durable Powers of Attorney and Emergency Treatment EMTLA | 791 |
DNR vs CPR | 798 |
a Withholding Equals Withdrawal | 802 |
b Withholding Nutrition and Hydration | 803 |
c Patients in a Persistent or Permanent Vegetative State PPVS Without a Living Will or DPA Subjective Personhood | 808 |
4 The Rights of Mature Minors to Die and Jehovahs Witnesses | 813 |
Legal and Ethical | 818 |
a Presumed Consent to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR | 820 |
b Best Interests v Substituted Judgment | 826 |
6 Limitations on Nonbeneficial Futile Treatment | 828 |
a Treatment Beyond the Goals of Medicine | 831 |
b Treatment Regardless of a Lack of Consensus on Futility | 833 |
c The Unique Direction of Informed Consent | 836 |
d A Way to Free Physicians from SelfInterest or Self Protection in Connection with Life Support Anencephalics | 838 |
e The Authority and Responsibility of Physicians with ICUs and Authorized Executions | 843 |
f The Current Method of Stopping Futile Treatment of Dying Patients by the AMA and by Texas | 851 |
7 Slow Code | 855 |
EndofLife Choices of Terminal Patients | 857 |
1 The Choice of Suicide | 858 |
b Various Reasons for Possible Suicides Taking Risks Motorcycles | 862 |
c Limitations on the Duty to Deny Suicide | 868 |
d The Option of Knowing That You Can | 871 |
2 The Goals of the Hospice Option | 873 |
a Assistance and Lack of Hospice Assistance in Dying | 879 |
3 The Choice of PhysicianAssisted Suicide Double Effect Costs of Capital Punishment Procedures | 881 |
a Some Religious Views on PAS | 889 |
b The Choice of Double Effect or Euthanasia by the Use or Abuse of Lethal Doses of Pain Medication | 891 |
c The Choice of PAS andor Double Effect in Oregon | 896 |
4 Limitation in Model Statutes Mandatory Psychiatric Examination | 907 |
5 Progressive Nullification of AntiPAS Statutes | 910 |
b The Prohibition Analogy Nullification | 911 |
c The Example of Dr Kevorkian | 912 |
6 Other Choices of Euthanasia | 914 |
BIOETHICS AND FUTURE SOMATIC AND GERMLINE GENE THERAPY | 921 |
Bioethics on Genetics Superseding the Human Genome Project | 923 |
1 The Human Genome Project | 924 |
2 Genetically Modified Crops | 934 |
3 Genetic Approaches to Disease Confidentiality NonDisease and Privacy | 941 |
4 The Absence of Ethics and Morals in Patents on Genetically Engineered Living Things | 952 |
5 The Possible Future of Inheritable Genetic Interventions and Changes in Homo Sapiens | 960 |
a Clinical Trials on Genetic Research | 964 |
b Distinctions Between Somatic and Germline Therapy | 969 |
c Somatic Gene Therapy and Some Needs for Mandatory Testing | 972 |
d The Publicity Needed for Recombinant DNA Research by Public andor Private Entities | 982 |
e Germline Gene Therapy | 985 |
i Age Limits | 991 |
ii Intelligence Quotient Millionaires Brains of Males and Females and Sizes in Animals | 996 |
iii The Importance of Germline Gene Therapy for Space Travel | 1008 |
Epilogue | 1021 |
I Twentyfirst Century Bioethical Decisions within Traditional Cultural Religious or Nontraditional Categories by Federal and State Courts | 1033 |
Glossary | 1045 |
Environmental Crises at the Turn of the Third Millennium | 1077 |
1 Lifes Ecological Needs and Purposes According to Existential Philosophers Environmental Crises | 1078 |
2 Biomass and the Lack in Accounting for the Loss in its Capital | 1081 |
3 A Sustainable Environment in Forest and for Animals | 1085 |
4 Social Structures of Humans and Two other Primates | 1093 |
5 The Ocean and Their Fish and Whales | 1094 |
6 The Human Need for Protection Against Release of Chemicals into the Atmosphere | 1097 |
7 Ozone Depletion | 1101 |
8 Global Warming and the Loss of Biological Diversity | 1105 |
a Solar Moon and Wind Power vs Coal Gas and Oil | 1108 |
b The Hydrogen Engine vs Electric Cars | 1110 |
Some Views on Medicine in the Two Chinas and Tibet at the Turn of the Millennium | 1113 |
1 Documentary Video Beyond The Clouds and an Interview with an Experienced Doctor | 1114 |
2 Birth Control for Han Chinese Majority vs Minority | 1116 |
a The Critical Appraisal of Dr Ruiping Fan | 1117 |
b Some Remarks on Articles Contained in the Volume Chinese and International Philosophy of Medicine 1998 | 1118 |
3 Adoptions of Abandoned Girls by Foreigners in Beijing | 1120 |
5 Reactions by Lawyers in the Other China Taiwan | 1121 |
6 Tibet | 1123 |
False Claims Act Settlements and Rulings in Healthcare Organizations | 1125 |
Millennia | 1135 |
Genetic Research and Economic Advantage of Abbreviated New Drug Applications | 1137 |
Authors of Books Referenced in Footnotes | 1143 |
1153 | |
1159 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Bioethical and Evolutionary Approaches to Medicine and the Law W. Noel Keyes Vista previa limitada - 2007 |
Términos y frases comunes
abortion American assisted suicide autonomy bioethicists bioethics birth brain California cancer Center Chapter child clinical cloning Code of Medical Constitution contraception death decision disease doctors donate donor drugs dying embryos emergency Emphasis added ethics committees euthanasia evolution federal fertility fetus genes genetic healthcare hospital human human cloning increase infants informed consent issues JAMA live Medical Ethics Medicare Medicine million moral National nursing ORANGE COUNTY REG ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER Organ Transplant organs pain parents patients percent person physician-assisted suicide physicians population pregnancy reason refuse religion religious reported reproductive result risk Rule scientific sperm statute stem cells supra note Supreme Court surrogate terminal third millennium tion transplant treatment twentieth century Twenty-first Century Approach U.S. Supreme Court United vitro fertilization woman women xenotransplantation