.31 Translation ترجمه ۱ 1. The apples are sweet; the pears are sweeter; the grapes are the sweetest. 2. Your maid servant is diligent, but [I heard that] my neighbour (woman) is more diligent than she. 3. Though Mr. Justus is a rich man, yet [they say that] he has not a good name. 4. Miss Lucy is the handsomest girl in town, but she is sick. 5. The strength of the strongest man is far less than that of an elephant. 6. I am as tall as you, but my brother Leon is not so tall as you. 7. Is your fruit as fresh as ours? Yes, Sir, it is as good as yours, but it is too little [in quantity]. 8. Your knife is as large as mine, but it is not as sharp as mine. يوقدر افندم ؛ وار ایسه ويريرم . سنده اكمك وار ایسه بر آز وير ! واريمز يوغيمز او نبش غروشدر واريكز يوغيكز قاچ غروشدر ؟ پدر افندی نره ده ایمش ؟ باغچه ده ایمش. سنه اول چوق زنكين ايمش . | اون ارسلان بك يك زنكين مى ايش ؟ § 248. The Infinitive (or the Masdar) is the basis of the Turkish verb1. It ends either in mag or El. 1 The Turkish verb is the most highly organised part of the language, being most minutely subdivided, most extensively 1 -mék: -maq is peculiar to roots with hard and -mék to roots with soft vowels. When we remove the ending maq or mék we get the stem or the root of the verb, which is also the 2nd person Sing. of the Imperative; as: Talmaq to take: JT al' take thou. : vermeh to give ويرمك vér give thou. § 249. The Negative form of the verb is obtained by adding -mé- to the root when it has a soft م vowel and . -ma- when it has a hard vowel; as: Talmamaq not to take: Tor T aľ ́ma do not take. Glasy or los 79 vér mémék not to give: vér mé do not give. Different kinds of verbs. $ 250. There are six kinds of verbs in Turkish: Transitive, Intransitive, Causal, Passive, Reciprocal and Reflexive. § 251. I. Transitive (or Active) verbs indicate such an action as cannot be completed without something else becoming directly affected thereby. They always require a direct object taking the nominatival form of the noun, if the object is indefinite and the full accusative form if the object is definite (§§ 83 note, 291). sou ichmék to drink some water (indefinite). souyou ichmék to drink the water (definite). Gloam joj yazmaq istémék to wish to write (indefinite). § 252. II. An Intransitive (or Neuter) verb indicates such an action of the agent as is complete in itself without directly affecting anything else. When an action is implied, an Intransitive verb requires an indirect object in the dative case, if motion is implied: if rest is denoted, it requires its indirect object to be in the locative (§ 237); as: developed, and at the same time most simple and regular in its formation and in the modification of the signification of its various branches. It is a perfectly symmetrical system, through all the ramifications of which the eye or mind can run with ease. .(e-ve gitmek to go home (motion اوه كيتمك jbg| 059| évdé, otourmaq to sit in the house (rest). aj yazmagha bashlamaq to begin to write (motion). The § 253. III. Causal or Causative verbs. This form of the verb is not much used in English, but it is very common in Turkish. It implies an order or command from the speaker to a second or third person. action is performed not by the agent or speaker but by the person to whom the order is given. These verbs are translated into English by adding to cause, to make, to have, to get, to allow and to let, to the simple verb according to the sense1; as: cause the architect to build a house. Qalfaya bir éo yapdarajagham. I shall قالفه یه بر او یاپدیره جغم .Mektoubou Ohan'nésé yazdarajagham مکتوبی او حانسه بازدیره جنم .Artine bir chift qoundoura yapdardi آرتینه بر چیفت قوندوره یا پدیردی I shall get John to write the letter. He got Pascal to make a pair of shoes. Ol tasvirli kitabî chojouqlara bou' gûn oqoudajaghîm. I shall allow the boys to read that book full of pictures to day. Bénim ichin bir sétri yapdirabilir misin? Yarin bir danésini gétir dé bilirim. Can you get (or have) a coat made for me? - I shall have one brought to-morrow. § 254. IV. Passive verbs. The English and Turkish languages have this peculiarity, that they can form passive verbs from Intransitive, as well as from Transitive verbs; as: آلمق bagmag to look at (intrans.): almaq to take (trans.): bagilmaq to be looked at. .alanmag to be taken آلينمق § 255. V. Reciprocal verbs express an action performed together with or against each other. They are translated by adding to the infinitive the words one another, each other, together; as: .sévishmeh to love each other سو يشمك 1 The meaning and use of the Causal verb are seen by comparing the verb raise with the verb rise, of which the former is the Causal, in English. So also we may call to set the causal of to sit, the former meaning to cause to sit. Similarly to lay is the causal of to lie, the former (to lay) meaning to cause to lie. .qoshoushsounlar let them run together قوشوشسونلر .Bouroushajaqlar they will beat each other و وروشه جقلر § 256. VI. Reflexive verbs. When the action of a verb returns to the subject from which it proceedes, the verb is called Reflexive. These verbs are translated into English by the reflexive pronouns (§ 145); as: .eortannée to cover himself اورتونمك .soyoundoular they undressed themselves صو يونديلر .giyganaja'ghim I shall wash myself بیقانه جغم .Reading Exercise تعليم قرائت کدی ایله دوه حکایه سی The Story of the Cat and the Camel. بركون دوه صير تنده آغير بر يوك ايله کیدر کن ، کدی یه راست كلدى كدى صيرتنى قانبور لاده رق دوه یه دیدی : کدی - اوغورلو اولسون ؛ دوه قارداشلق ! نره یه بویله ? دوه - اللهه امانت اول ! اما بن ناصل سنك قارداشك ايمشيم ! ? کدی ـ اوكا شبهه يوقدر ! البته بن سنك قارداشكيم . باق هله ! سنکی قدر ایرى وابو يوك قا نبودم يوقميدر ? دوه ? بلكه ! لكن عجبا بنمکی قدر ده قوتلی می ! کدی وای ! نه بوش سوز ! شو حيرتكده يومروق قدر كوچوك برشی وار ایسه ، عجبا سوزك اونك ايچون میدر ! دوه - اما ايو باق ! بو يوك سنك ايچون يك بويوك دكلمى ! کدی بوش سوزلر سویله مه ! شونى بكا وير، تنبل هريف ! دوه پك اعلا ! برآز بری کل! هوپ بالا ! ديمش و يوكنى كدينك صيرتينه يوكلتمش ! کدی ـ آمان آمان ! آمان ! نه آغیر ایمش ! ايشيم بيتدى ! وای ! وای ! وای ! . ایشته بلاكى بولدك كيت بويوك سوز سويله مكى اوكرن ! بويوك لقمه يه ، بويوك سوز سو. قصه دن حص. سويله مه ! Talimi Qîra ́at. Kédi ilé dévé Hikiayési. Bir gün Dévé sirtinda1 aghir bir yúk ilé gédérkén2, Kédiyé rast géldi3. Kédi sîrtînî qambourladaraq1 dévéyé dédi5: Kédi Kédi Oughourlar olsoun, dévé qardashliq! néréyé bédylé? Dévé Allaha émanet ols! am'ma bén na'sîl séniñ qardashin imishim? sén nérédé? bén' nérédé?!! Oña shub'hé yogdour! Elbét té 10 bén séniñ qardashin im. Baq hélé11! séniñki qadar iri vé béoyûk qambouroum 12 yoq'mou dour? Belki 13! lakin ajéba 14 bénimki qadar' da qouv'vetli mi? Dévé Kédi Dévé Kédi Dévé Kédi -- 16 Vay! ne bosh seoz 15! shou sirtiñda youmroug1 qadar kúchúk bir shey var îsa, ajaba sedzúñ onoun' ichoun mou dour? Am'ma éyi baq! bou yúk séniñ ichin pék béoyúk deyilmi? Bosh sedzlér sedylémé! Shounou baña vér! témbél hérif17! 18 Pék ala! bir az béri18 gél! hop'bala 19! démish20, vé gilêmê lédinin strtina yullétmish2 Aman! aman! aman22! né aghir imish! ishim bitdi 23! vay! vay! vay 24! Words. 1. on his back. 2. while going. 3. he met. 4. arching (making hunch-back). 5. said. 6. good speed! 7. half brother, good brother. 8. thank you! (I commit you to the charge of God). 9. there is no doubt about it. 10. of course. 11 look here! 12. hunch. 13. perhaps. 14. I wonder. 15. what a useless word. 16. as large as a fist. 17. villager, rude man (lazy fellow!). 18. nearer. 19. Heyday! (hoop po loo!) 20. he said. 21. he burdened, he placed (leaded). 22. O dear! O dear! 23. my work is finished, i. e. I am lost, it is all up with me. 24. Oh! Alas! |