Imitating national banking notes with thereon. R. S., s. 5188. Fed. Rep., 699. charter has expired, or by any officer thereof, or purporting to have been made under authority derived therefrom, or if any person shall knowingly aid in any such act, he shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. But nothing herein shall be construed to make it unlawful for any person, not being such director, officer, or agent of the corporation, or any trustee thereof, or any agent of such trustee, or any person having in his possession or under his control the property of the corporation for the purpose hereinbefore set forth, who has received or may hereafter receive such bill, note, check, draft, or other security, bona fide and in the ordinary transactions of business, to utter as money or otherwise circulate the same. SEC. 175. It shall not be lawful to design, engrave, print, or in any printed advertisements manner make or execute, or to utter, issue, distribute, circulate, or use any business or professional card, notice, placard, circular, handbill, or advertisement in the likeness or similitude of any circulating note U. S. r. Laescki, 29 or other obligation or security of any banking association organized or acting under the laws of the United States which has been or may be issued under any act of Congress, or to write, print, or otherwise impress upon any such note, obligation, or security, any business or professional card, notice or advertisement, or any notice or advertisement of any matter or thing whatever. Whoever shall violate any provision of this section shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. Mutilating or defacing national-bank note. R. S., s. 5189. Imitating United States securities or cards on them. R. S., s. 3708. Fed. Rep., 699. SEC. 176. Whoever shall mutilate, cut, deface, disfigure, or perforate with holes, or unite or cement together, or do any other thing to any bank bill, draft, note, or other evidence of debt, issued by any national banking association, or shall cause or procure the same to be done, with intent to render such bank bill, draft, note, or other evidence of debt unfit to be reissued by said association, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more. than six months, or both. SEC. 177. It shall not be lawful to design, engrave, print, or in any printing business manner make or execute, or to utter, issue, distribute, circulate, or use, any business or professional card, notice, placard, circular, handbill, or advertisement, in the likeness or similitude of any bond, cerU. S. v. Laescki, 29 tificate of indebtedness, certificate of deposit, coupon, United States note, Treasury note, gold certificate, silver certificate, fractional note, or other obligation or security of the United States which has been or may be issued under or authorized by any act of Congress heretofore passed or which may hereafter be passed; or to write, print, or otherwise impress upon any such instrument, obligation, or security, any business or professional card, notice, or advertisement, or any notice or advertisement of any matter or thing whatever. Whoever shall violate any provision of this section shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars. Notes of less than one dollar not to be issued. R. S., s. 3583. SEC. 178. No person shall make, issue, circulate, or pay out any note, check, memorandum, token, or other obligation for a less sum than one dollar, intended to circulate as money or to be received or used in lieu of lawful money of the United States; and every person so offending shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. Sec. CHAPTER EIGHT. OFFENSES AGAINST THE POSTAL SERVICE. 179. Conducting post office without authority. 180. Illegal carrying of mail by carriers and others. 181. Conveyance of mail by private express forbidden. 182. Transporting persons unlawfully conveying mail. 183. Sending letters by private express. 184. Conveying of letters over post routes. 185. Carrying letters out of the mail on board of vessel. 186. When conveying letters by private persons is lawful. 187. Wearing uniform of carrier without authority. 188. Vehicles, etc., claiming to be mail carriers. 189. Injuring mail bags, etc. 190. Stealing post-office property. 192. Breaking into and entering post office. 193. Unlawfully entering postal car, etc. 198. Injuring letter boxes or mail mat- 199. Deserting the mail. 200. Delivery of letters by master of vessel. 201. Obstructing the mail. 202. Ferryman delaying the mail. 203. Letters carried in a foreign vessel to be deposited in a post office. illegally approving matter. 224. Inducing or prosecuting false claims. 226. Employees not to become inter- 227. Fraudulent use of official envelopes. 229. Offenses against foreign mail in 230. Omission to take oath. post office without author SEC. 179. Whoever, without authority from the Postmaster Gen- Conducting eral, shall set up or profess to keep any office or place of business bear-ity. ing the sign, name, or title of post office, shall be fined not more than R. S., s. 3829. five hundred dollars. SEC. 180. Whoever, being concerned in carrying the mail, shall collect, receive, or carry any letter or packet, or cause or procure the same to be done, contrary to law, shall be fined not more than fiftydollars, or imprisoned not more than thirty days, or both. legal carrying by carriers and others. R. S., s. 3981. 4 A. G. Op., 276; Op. A. G. MeVeagh, June 29, 1881. Conveyance of mail by private express forbidden. R. S., s. 3982. L., 356, c. 1 245. SEC. 181. Whoever shall establish any private express for the conveyance of letters or packets, or in any manner cause or provide for the conveyance of the same by regular trips or at stated periods over 3 Mar., 1879, 20 Stat. any post route which is or may be established by law, or from any Sup26, 180, s. 1; 1 city, town, or place, to any other city, town, or place, between which 1 Mar., 1884, 23 Stat: the mail is regularly carried, or whoever shall aid or assist therein U. S. v. Bromley, 12 shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not Adams, 1 West, L. J., more than six months, or both: Provided, That nothing contained in 315, 24 Fed. Cas., 761; this section shall be construed as prohibiting any person from receiving Reg. U. S., 227, 26 Fed. and delivering to the nearest post office, postal car, or other author9 Am. L. Reg., 232, 26 ized depository for mail matter, any mail matter properly stamped. L., 3, c. 9; 1 Supp., 423; How., 88; U. S. v. U. S. v. Gray, 3 Hag. Cas., 18; U. S. v. Hall, Fed. Cas., 75: U. S. e. Kimball, 7 Law Rep., 32, 26 Fed. Cas., 782; U. v. Kocherparger, 9 Am. L. Reg., 145, 26 Fed. Cas., 803; U. S. v. Pomeroy, 3 N. Y. Leg. Obs., 143, 27 Fed. Cas., 588: U. S. v. Thompson, 9 Law. Rep., 451, 28 Fed. Cas., 97: U. S. v. Express Co., 5 Biss., 91, 28 Fed. Cas., 352: Blackham v. Gresham, 16 Fed. Rep., 609; U. S. v. Easson, 18 Fed. Rep., 609; 4 A. G. Op., 349; 14 A. G. Op., 152; 19 A. G. Op., 670. sons unlawfully conveying mail. R. S., s. 3983. Transporting per- SEC. 182. Whoever, being the owner, driver, conductor, master, or other person having charge of any stagecoach, railway car, steamboat, or other vehicle or vessel, shall knowingly convey or knowingly permit the conveyance of any person acting or employed as a private express for the conveyance of letters or packets, and actually in possession of the same for the purpose of conveying them, contrary to Sending letters by law, shall be fined not more than one hundred and fifty dollars. private express. R. S., s. 3984. Conveying over post routes. letters SEC. 183. Whoever shall transmit by private express or other unlawful means, or deliver to any agent thereof, or deposit or cause to be deposited at any appointed place, for the purpose of being so transmitted, any letter or packet, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars. SEC. 184. Whoever, being the owner, driver, conductor, master, or other person having charge of any stagecoach, railway car, steamboat, or conveyance of any kind which regularly performs trips at 276; 21 A. G. Op., 394; stated periods on any post route, or from any city, town, or place to 5 Bliss..91; 28 Fed. Cas., any other city, town, or place between which the mail is regularly 352; U. S. v. Erie R. R., carried, and which shall carry, otherwise than in the mail, any letters R. S., s. 3985. 4 A. G. Op., 159; ibid., U.S. v. U. S. Exp. Co., 235 U. S., 513. Carrying letters out of the mail on board vessel. R. S., s. 3986. When conveying of letters by private persons is lawful. R. S., s. 3992. 4 A. G. Op., 159. Wearing uniform carrier without thority. R. S., s. 3867. Vehicles, of au etc., claiming to be mail carriers. R. S., s. 3979. or packets, except such as relate to some part of the cargo of such steamboat or other vessel, to the current business of the carrier, or to some article carried at the same time by the same stagecoach, railway car, or other vehicle, except as otherwise provided by law, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars. SEC. 185. Whoever shall carry any letter or packet on board any vessel which carries the mail, otherwise than in such mail, except as otherwise provided by law, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, or imprisoned not more than one month, or both. SEC. 186. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit the conveyance or transmission of letters or packets by private hands without compensation, or by special messenger employed for the particular occasion only. SEC. 187. Whoever, not being connected with the letter-carrier branch of the postal service, shall wear the uniform or badge which may be prescribed by the Postmaster General, to be worn by letter carriers, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. SEC. 188. It shall be unlawful to paint, print, or in any manner to place upon or attach to any steamboat or other vessel or any car, stagecoach, vehicle, or other conveyance, not actually used in carrying the mail, the words "United States Mail," or any words, letters, or characters of like import; or to give notice, by publishing in any newspaper or otherwise, that any steamboat or other vessel, or any car, stagecoach, vehicle, or other conveyance, is used in carrying the mail, when the same is not actually so used; and every person who shall violate, and every owner, receiver, lessee, or managing operator thereof, who shall cause, suffer, or permit the violation of any provision of this section, shall be liable, and shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. etc. SEC. 189. Whoever shall tear, cut, or otherwise injure any mail Injuring mail bags, bag, pouch, or other thing used or designed for use in the convey-... s. 5476. ance of the mail, or shall draw or break any staple or loosen any part of any lock, chain, or strap attached thereto, with intent to rob Ebeling. Morgan, 237 or steal any such mail, or to render the same insecure, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. U. S., 625. property. R. S., s. 5475. SEC. 190. Whoever shall steal, purloin, or embezzle any mail bag Stealing post-office or other property in use by or belonging to the Post Office Department, or shall appropriate any such property to his own or any other than its proper use, or shall convey away any such property to the U. S. v. Williams, 57 hindrance or detriment of the public service, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Fed. Rep., 201; U. S. Devins, 237 U. S., 632. SEC. 191. Whoever shall steal, purloin, embezzle, or obtain by any Stealing or forging false pretense, or shall aid or assist in stealing, purloining, embez-mail locks or keys. zling, or obtaining by any false pretense, any key suited to any lock R. S., s. 5477. adopted by the Post Office Department and in use on any of the mails or bags thereof, or any key to any lock box, lock drawer, or other authorized receptacle for the deposit or delivery of mail matter; or whoever shall knowingly and unlawfully make, forge, or counterfeit, or cause to be unlawfully made, forged, or counterfeited, any such key, or shall have in his possession any such mail lock or key with the intent unlawfully or improperly to use, sell, or otherwise dispose of the same, or to cause the same to be unlawfully or improperly used, sold, or otherwise disposed of; or whoever, being engaged as a contractor or otherwise in the manufacture of any such mail lock or key, shall deliver or cause to be delivered, any finished or unfinished lock or key used or designed for use by the Department, or the interior part of any such lock, to any person not duly authorized under the hand of the Postmaster General and the seal of the Post Office Department, to receive the same, unless the person receiving it is the contractor for furnishing the same or engaged in the manufacture thereof in the manner authorized by the contract, or the agent of such manufacturer, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars and imprisoned not more than ten years. Breaking into and. SEC. 192. Whoever shall forcibly break into or attempt to break entering post office. into any post office, or any building used in whole or in part as a post R. S., s. 5478. office, with intent to commit in such post office, or building, or part thereof, so used, any larceny or other depredation, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars and imprisoned not more than five years. 210; U. S. r. Yennie, 74 Fed. Rep., 221; U. S. v. Saunders, 77 Fed. Rep., 170; U. U. S. v. Campbell, 16 Fed. Rep., 233; Re Byton, 18 Fed. Rep., 722; U. S. v. Lantry, 30 Fed. Rep., 232; U. S. v. Williams, 57 Fed. Rep. 8. v. Shelton, 100 Fed, 256; Sorenson v. U. S Unlawfully enterin postal car, etc. 1176, c. 1009, s. 5. 3 Mar., 1903, 32 Stat SEC. 193. Whoever, by violence, shall enter a post-office car, or any apartment in any car, steamboat, or vessel, assigned to the use of the Mail Service, or shall willfully or maliciously assault or interfere with L., any postal clerk in the discharge of his duties in connection with such U. S. v. Yennie, car, steamboat, vessel, or apartment thereof, or shall willfully aid or Fed. Rep., 221; U. S.assist therein, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, or She imprisoned not more than three years, or both. 66933°-18- -4 Shelton, 100 Fed. Rep 5470. . U. S., U. Hall . U. S., 168 Ú. S. 2. Beaty, Hempst., 487, Stealing, secreting, SEC. 194. Whoever shall steal, take, or abstract, or by fraud or deembezzling, etc., mail matter or contents. ception obtain, from or out of any mail, post office, or station thereof, R. S., ss. 3892, 5469, or other authorized depository for mail matter, or from a letter or mail carrier, any letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail, or shall U. S. v. Hardyman, abstract or remove from any such letter, package, bag, or mail, any U.S., 156 U. S., 604 article or thing contained therein, or shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy Goode . . . 159 U any such letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail, or any article or U. S., 162 U.S., 110 thing contained therein; or whoever shall buy, receive, or conceal, or 632: Scott e. U. S., 172 aid in buying, receiving, or concealing, or shall unlawfully have in his U. S., 343: U. S possession, any letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail, or any article 24 Fed. Cas., 1057. S. or thing contained therein, which has been so stolen, taken, embezzled, 280, 24 Fed. Cas., 1079; or abstracted, as herein described, knowing the same to have been so U. S. r. Bramham, 3 stolen, taken, embezzled, or abstracted; or whoever shall take any Cas., 1220; U. S. letter, postal card, or package, out of any post office or station thereof, Rec., 54, 24 Fed. Cas., or out of any authorized depository for mail matter, or from any letter 1225; U.S. . Cotting or mail carrier, or which has been in any post office or station thereof, Fed. Cas., 673: U. S. 7. or other authorized depository, or in the custody of any letter or mail 25 Fed. Cas., 914: U. S. carrier, before it has been delivered to the person to whom it was . Fisher, 5 McLean, directed, with a design to obstruct the correspondence, or to pry into 1. S. v. Fove, i Cur- the business or secrets of another, or shall open, secrete, embezzle, or 1198; U. S. v. Golding, destroy the same, shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars, 2 Cranch C. C. 212, 25 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. v. Bellew, 2 Brock., Hughes, 557, 24 Fed. Brent, 17 Int. Rev. ham, 2 Blatch., 470, 25 Driscoll, 1 Lowell, 303, 23, 25 Fed. Cas., 1086; tis, 364, 25 Fed. Cas., Fed. Cas., 1349: U. S. t. Harmison, 3 Sawy.. 556, 26 Fed. Cas., 156; U. S. v. Jenther, 13 Blatch., 335, 26 Fed. Cas., 610; U. S. r. Keene, 5 McLean, 509, 26 Fed. Cas., 694; U. S. v. Lancaster, 2 McLean, 431, 26 Fed. Cas., 854: U. S. 1. Laws, 2 Lowell, 115, 26 Fed. Cas., 892; U. S. r. Marselis. 2 Blatch., 108, 26 Fed. Cas., 1167; U. S. r. Martin, 2 McLean, 256, 26 Fed. Cas., 1183; U. S. v. Montgomery, 3 Sawy., 544, 26 Fed. Cas., 1296; U. S. v. Nott, 1 McLean, 499, 27 Fed. Cas., 189; U. S. v. Okie, 5 Blatch., 16, 27 Fed. Cas., 231; U. S. v. Oliver, 4. L. Rep., 197, 27 Fed. Cas., 232; U. S. r. Parsons, 2 Blatch., 104, 27 Fed. Cas., 451; U ́. S. r. Patterson, 6 McLean, 466, 27 Fed. Cas., 466; U. S. v. Pearce, 2 McLean, 14, 27 Fed, Cas., 480; U. S. r. Pelletreau, 14 Blatch., 126, 27 Fed. Cas., 485; U. S. v. Pond, 2 Curtis, 265, 27 Fed. Cas., 590; U. S. 2. Sander, 6 McLean, 598, 27 Fed. Cas., 949; U. S. v. Tanner, 6 McLean, 128, 28 Fed. Cas., 12: U. S. r. Taylor, 1 Hughes, 514, 28 Fed. Cas., 19: U. S. v. Whittier, 5 Dill., 35, 28 Fed. Cas., 591; U. S. v. Baugh, 1 Fed. Rep., 784; U. S. v. Hamilton, 9 Fed. Rer., 412: U. S. r. Wynn, 9 Fed. Rep., &S6; U. S. v. McCready, 11 Fed. Rep., 225; U. S. v. Blackman, 17 Fed. Rep., 837; New Orleans Nat. Nank v. Merchant, 18 Fed. Rep., $847; U. S. v. Hilbury, 29 Fed. Rep., 705; U. S. r. Thompson, 29 Fed. Rep., 706; U. S. v. Rapp, 30 Fed. Rep., 818; Re Burkhart, 33 Fed. Rep., 25: U. S. r. Gruver, 35 Fed. Rep., 59: U. S. v. Denicke, 35 Fed. Rep., 407; U. S. v. Mathews, 35 Fed. Rep., 890; U. S. v. Jolly, 37 Fed. Rep., 108; U. S. v. Taylor, 37 Fed. Rep., 200; U. S. v. Wight, 38 Fed. Rep., 106; U. S. v. Clarke, 40 Fed. Rep., 325; U. S. v. Holmes, 40 Fed. Rep., 750; U. S. v. Dorsey, 40 Fed. Rep., 752; Walster e. U.S., 42 Fed. Rep., 891; U. S. v. Byrne, 44 Fed. Rep., 188: U. S. e. Wilson, 44 Fed. Rep., 593; U. S. &. Bithea, 44 Fed. Rep., 802; U. S. v. Mulholland, 50 Fed. Rep., 413; U. S. r. Delany, 55 Fed. Rep., 475; U. S. v. Safford, 66 Fed. Rep., 942: U. S. e. Thomas, 69 Fed. Rep., 588; U. S. v. Hall, 76 Fed. Rep., 566; U. S. v. Jones, 80 Fed. Rep., 513; U. S. v. Lee, 90 Fed. Rep., 256; U. S. v. Huilsman, 94 Fed. Rep., 486; U. S. r. Trosper, 127 Fed. Rep., 476; U. S. v. Meyers, 142 Fed. Rep., 907; Brown . U. S., 148 Fed. Rep., 379; U. S. ". Bullington, 170 Fed. Rep.. 121. Postmaster or em ployee of postal serv-. ter, etc. R. S., ss. 3890, 3891, 5467. SEC. 195. Whoever, being a postmaster or other person employed ice detaining, destroy- in any department of the postal service, shall unlawfully detain, delay, ing, or embezzling let- or open any letter, postal card, package, bag, or mail intrusted to him or which shall come into his possession, and which was intended to be conveyed by mail, or carried or delivered by any carrier, messenger, Bramberger v. U. S., agent, or other person employed in any department of the postal 128 Fed. Rep., 346: Service, or forwarded through or delivered from any post office or Rep., 60: Chitwood v. station thereof established by authority of the Postmaster General; or 551. Ennis shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy any such letter, postal card, packFed. Rep., $42; U.S.. age, bag, or mail; or shall steal, abstract, or remove from any such 185; Shaw . U. S., 16 letter, package, bag, or mail, any article or thing contained therein, Fed. Rep., 174. shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. Alexis . U. S., 129 Fed. v. U. S., 154 Kerr, 159 Fed. Rep., Postmaster, etc., detaining or destroying newspapers. R. S., s. 5471. SEC. 196. Whoever, being a postmaster or other person employed in any department of the postal service, shall improperly detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy any newspaper, or permit any other person to detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy the same, or open, or permit any other person to open, any mail or package of newspapers not directed |