taken up domestic science and agriculture for public school teaching. Goshen College had its beginning in the Elkhart (Indiana) Institute, the first sessions of which were held in the Grand Army of the Republic Hall during 1895. Before the end of the first year the Elkhart Institute Association was organized and a building erected on Prairie Street, Elkhart. An incorporation was effected in 1898 and the management of the institute placed with nine directors. In 1901 the board was increased to twenty-five members, and in the same year ten acres of land was purchased south of Goshen, now known as the Goshen College Addition. The first building of the structures now comprising the plant of Goshen College which was opened to the public was the woman's dormitory, first occupied in September, 1903. In 1904 the administration building, a four-story brick structure, was completed at a cost of $25,000. Science Hall was opened to students in 1915, its completion involving a cost of $40,000. The laboratories provide for scientific experiments and investigations, as well as for practical demonstrations in agriculture and home economics. Kulp Hall, one of the four college buildings erected since 1904, is a three-story brick and stone structure, and contains dining and reception rooms, studio and women's dormitories. The old East Hall for men comprises the college library of 6,000 volumes, especially rich in Mennonite historical literature. In November, 1905, the Mennonite Church organized its board of education and since February, 1906, the college has been under its control, although from the first it has been under the management of the church itself. Goshen College has a student body of 500, and is under the presidency of Rev. John E. Hartzler. He succeeded N. E. Byers, who GOSHEN HOSPITAL had been the president since the beginning. President Hartzler received his education in Elkhart Institute, Goshen College and Columbia University, and was pastor of the Prairie Street Mennonite Church, of Elkhart, before he became its head. He has held the presidency since 1913. THE GOSHEN HOSPITAL The above named is an institution only three years old, but already recognized as of great public benefit. It was opened on the first of December, 1913, and has had for its model the Mayo Hospital at Rochester, Minnesota. It supports no regular staff of physicians and surgeons; each patient has his own special attendant, professionally, the nursing being done by resident graduates of a standard training school. The hospital, entirely non-sectarian, is managed largely by women, as the following officers of the association for 1916 will testify: Haines Egbert, president; Mrs. I. O. Wood, vice president; Mrs. J. S. Drake, treasurer; Mrs. Dwight H. Hawks, secretary. Mrs. Laura Fell White is superintendent. Frank E. C. Hawks was the first president of the Goshen Hospital after its incorporation in December, 1909, and Mrs. Dwight W. Hawks, vice president. In January of the new year Mrs. George W. Hay was chosen treasurer and E. E. Mummert secretary. Mr. Hawks remained president until 1913, when Mrs. H. W. Whitmer, who had been vice president since 1911, succeeded him, and continued to thus serve until Mr. Egbert's election in 1916. Mrs. Dwight H. Hawks, the first vice president, has been secretary since 1912, her immediate predecessor in that office having been Mrs. W. L. Stonex. The treasurers have been: Mrs. George W. Hay, Charles J. Garvin, John W. Egbert and Mrs. J. S. Drake. The management of the Goshen Hospital is public, its board of directors being elected by the people. The property which it represents is valued at about $30,000. CHAPTER XII INDUSTRIES, NEWSPAPERS AND BANKS MILLS AT AND NEAR GOSHEN THE HAWKS' INTERESTS TRANS- NEWS- The three items to be covered by this chapter are mentioned in their historic order. There were very few mills in the region when the first newspapers made their appearance at Goshen in 1837, and the pioneer local bank did not venture into the rawness of Northern Indiana until nearly twenty years after the press had valiantly planted itself. The railroads preceded the banks by a few years; but the newspapers were on the ground even before there was a fair chance for life. In bold venture and cool defiance of conditions which make for self-preservation the average newspaper man of the shifting western frontier always represented the best traditions of American knight-errantry. The printer, not the railroad or bank, was the advance agent of western expansion. MILLS AT AND NEAR GOSHEN The first settlers at and near the present site of Goshen took their corn to Niles or White Pigeon, Michigan, to be ground. Then 268 John Carpenter, grandfather of George, John, and Isaac, hung one on the banks of Rock Run near what is now the northwest corner of Oak Ridge Cemetery. It was made of logs and covered with a clapboard roof, a very low two-story structure about 22 by 24 feet. The following year a man by the name of O'Connell constructed the second mill near the site of the Big Four railroad depot. Hewn logs and lap shingles were used in its construction. The same year Oliver Crane established a sawmill on the banks of Rock Run, which was fed and run by hand. Joel P. Hawks asserted that the fourth mill was built by Elias Baker at Waterford in 1834; then came the Bainter Mill and the one on Solomon's Creek. In the Carpenter Mill a row of stones was used for grinding corn; one of which was in use, at a comparatively recent time, as a horse-block in front of a farm house a short distance east of Goshen. The Baker Mill was the first frame building in the county. This was purchased, in 1835, by Cephas Hawks, father of Joel, and soon became famed for the fine quality of its flour. The farmers for miles around were attracted to it and the mill yard was always crowded with teams. Gradually the products of the farms increased and during the later '30s the mills began to export flour to quite distant territory. THE HAWKS' INTERESTS TRANSFERRED TO GOSHEN More than any other personal element, therefore, does the Hawks family represent the past, present and future of industrial Goshen. For thirty-two years Cephas Hawks and his sons, Cephas, Jr., Eleazer and Joel P., variously associated in business, conducted the old flouring mill at Waterford, as well as a large general store, sawmill, distillery and woolen mill, and the farmers came from a radius of forty miles to do their trading with this substantial family. But attention was gradually being centered on the commercial and industrial advantages of Goshen proper and, with a noteworthy improvement in the water power at that point, the Hawks' interests were transferred from Waterford to the county seat. BUILDING OF THE HYDRAULIC CANAL The water power developed from the Elkhart River that flows through the western part of the city has had a marked bearing on |