Iambics of different measures, each line forming a verse, correctly

rendered.

4 In other men, we faults can spy,
And blame the mote that dims their eye;
Each little speck and blemish find;
To our own stronger errors blind.

5 Below, the fleecy mothers stray'd
Around, their sportive lambkins play'd.

6 The search shall teach thee life to prize,
And make thee grateful, good, and wise.

7 And while thy gracious gifts I feel,
My song shall all thy praise reveal.

8 To Hero's eyes, Leander bow'd;

Her cheek with yielding blushes glow'd.

Iambics with a mixture of different feet, correctly rendered.

9 Where'ĕr shě páss | ĕs, thou | sănds bend ;
And thousands where she moves attend.

10 Say are ye sure His mercy shall extend,
To you so long a span? Alas, ye sigh:

Make then, while yet ye may, your God your friend,
And learn with equal ease, to sleep or die.

11 Repose, sweet babe! thy crying cease:
For thine's an age of truth and peace.

12 A mother may her son forsake,

But I will ne'er my covenant break.

13 Thus while my stay I here prolong,
The silent night steals swift along.

Trochaics versified.

1 All her verdure earth resumes,
And its splendour heav'n illumes.

2 Now with fury battle glows,
Hostile blood in torrents flows.

3 Thee, the voice, the dance, obey,
To thy warbled temper'd lay.

Anapastics versified.

1 Adieu to the woodlands where oft I have rov'd,
And sweetly convers'd with the friend that I lov'd.

2 Adieu to the woodlands, where, sportive and gay,
The cattle, light bounding, so frolicsome play.

3 Now joy and content from our dwellings are fled,
And want and disease are our inmates instead.

4 Though my cheek may be pale,ere's no grief in my eye,
And 'tis seldom I give to sad mem'ry, a sigh.

5 The hotter the fight, still the fiercer we grow,
The loss we heed not, so we conquer the foe.

6 Twas thus by the glare of false science betray'd,
That leads to bewilder; and dazzles to blind;
My thoughts wont to roam, from shade onward to shade,
Destruction before me, and sorrow behind,

Oh! pity great Father of light, then I cried,

Thy creature who fain would not wander from Thee,

Lo, humbled in dust, I relinquish my pride,

From doubt and from darkness, Thou only canst free.

Iambics of eight syllables; each paragraph to make two verses with rhyme,

rendered.

1 Blest spirit! for ourselves we weep,
Forgive the mournful rites we keep.

2 How soothing to the troubled mind!
Sweet nature's music! how refined!

3 Remote from cities liv'd a swain,
Unvers'd in all the cares of gain.

4 I never, with important air,
In conversation overbear.

5 Nor would I with felonious slight
By stealth invade my neighbour's right.

6 Frail man to err is ever prone

But generous minds their faults will own.

7 Sweet, at this twilight hour to rove,
The tangled thickets of the grove.

8 The bee from cowslips' golden bells,
Sucks honey to enrich her cells.

9 Contentment lov'd to shelter here,
And truth and piety sincere.

10 But see how regular appears

The motion of the heavenly spheres,

11 A clown, before the break of day,
Across the forest took his way.

12 This fact, without another word,
A useful lesson might afford.

Iambics of eight syllables, &c.

1 Thou object of my mournful tear!
Thy smiles were glad when last we met,
But now no more mine eyes to cheer
With smiles, thy sun in shades is set.

2 How gaily in our youthful days,
We gambol'd on the vernal plain,

Where swiftly the pure streamlet strays,
Through vales and woodlands to the main.

3 With herbs and flow'rs, each sabbath morn,
A sweeping troop is duly seen,

Of youths and maidens to adorn,
Thy grave within the sacred green.

4 Oh! see yon chief to battle go
The stroke arrests him as he flies,
He falls; and in that fatal blow,
The husband and the father dies.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE.

Questions.

Exercises, p. 83 to 85. Grammar, p. 131 to 140.

1. Explain the term Figures of Speech. What is meant by Figures of Orthography? Enumerate them. Explain and illustrate Elision-Aphaeresis —Syncope-Apocope--Prosthesis-Paragoge—Synaeresis-Diaeresis

Tmesis.

1. What figure contracts two vowels into one?-Ans. Synaēresis. 2. Which adds a letter or syllable to the end?-Ans. Paragōge. 3. Which adds a letter or syllable to the beginning?—Ans. Prosthesis. 4. Which cuts off a letter or syllable from the end? Ans. Apocope. 5. Which cuts off a letter or syllable from the middle?—Ans. Syncope. 6. Which cuts off a letter or syllable from the beginning?-Ans. Aphaeresis. 7. By what figure is a syllable divided into two?-Ans. Diaeresis.

8. By what figure is a compound word separated by inserting a word between?-Ans. Tmesis.

9. What figure do the following examples respectively illustrate ?-zoology illustrates the Diaeresis ;-'twas, the Synaeresis;-awaken, the Paragoge;vale, the Apocope;-se'nnight, the Syncope;-'gan the Aphaeresis ;-dispart, the Prosthesis;-to God ward, the Tmesis.

2. Mention the figures of Syntax. Explain and illustrate Ellipsis, Pleonasm, Enallage, Hyperbaton.

1. By what figure are words transposed?-Ans. Hypĕrbåton.

2. By what figure is one part of speech used for another?-Ans. Enallage.

3. By what figure are superfluous words introduced?-Ans. Pleonasm.

4. By what figure are words omitted that are necessary for the full syntax? -Ans. Ellipsis.

What figure do the following examples respectively illustrate?

5. "William the king" illustrates Apposition.

6. "Full of a great many serious reflections" illustrates Pleonasm. 7. "The sea-girt isle" illustrates Pleonasm.

8. "The juice of the grape" illustrates Periphrasis.

9. "Slow rises merit" illustrates Enallage.

10. "Come nymph demure" illustrates Hyperbaton.

11. "Power and wisdom and goodness" illustrates Polysyndeton.

3. What is meant by Figures of Rhetoric? When is a word used literally and when figuratively? Illustrate each by an example. Mention the Figures of Rhetoric? Explain and illustrate a Simile. Repeat the rules for the application of Similes. Explain and illustrate a Metaphor. Repeat the rules for the application of Metaphors. Explain and illustrate an Allegory-an Antithesis--Allusion Hyperbole--Irony-Paralepsis-Metonymy-Synec

doche-Personification—Apostrophe-Interrogation-Exclamation-Vision

-Climax.

Repeat the general caution in the application of figurative language.

4-1. What figure represents the formal resemblance between two objects? Ans. A Simile.

2. Which figure represents a resemblance without the signs of comparison? Ans. A Metaphor.

3. Which figure represents one subject by another that is analogous to it? Ans. An Allegory.

4. What figure denotes a contrast? Ans. An Antithesis.

5 By what figure is some well-known fact recalled to the mind? Ans. By an Allusion.

6. What figure represents things as greater or less, &c., than they really are? Ans. Hyperbole.

7. What figure is employed when we express ourselves contrary to our thoughts? Ans. Irony.

8. By what figure do we pretend to omit what we wish to enforce? Ans By Paralepsis.

9. By what figure is the cause put for the effect? Ans. By Metonymy. 10. By what figure is the whole put for a part? Ans. By a Synecdoche. 11. By what figure do we attribute life to inanimate objects? Personification.

Ans. By

12. What figure is employed when we turn off from the subject of discourse to address some other person or thing? Ans. An Apostrophe.

13. What figure is used when under excited feelings we affirm or deny more strongly? Ans. An Interrogation.

14. What figure is employed to express agitated feelings, &c.? Ans. An Exclamation.

15. By what figure do we employ the present for the past? Ans. Vision. 16. By what figure do we ascend from the lowest to the highest? Ans. By a Climax.

5. What figure does "He is as swift as the wind" illustrate? Ans. (The Simile.) With what are comparisons unsuitable? When may metaphors be allowed? Why is Milton's comparison of Eve's bower in Paradise to the arbour of Pomona, incorrect? (Because there is nothing new, &c.) In what respects are the following faulty, "A person in sorrow is like a flower drooping its head?" (too trite.) "Curses like chickens always come home to roost." (too mean.) What figure is exemplified by "Thy word is a lamp to my feet, and a light to my path?" (A Metaphor.)—“ A hero is like a lion," (A Simile.) "A hero is a lion." (A Metaphor.)

6. Show in what respects the following are faulty:

1. To thrust religion down our throats. Here the subject is degraded by the meanness of the Metaphor.

2. He cannot buckle his distempered cause within the belt of rule. Here, the Metaphor is improper, as there can be no resemblance between a distempered cause, and any body that can be confined within a belt.

3. Tenacious paste of solid milk. Here, the Metaphor is too forced.

4. There is not a single view of human nature, which is not sufficient to extinguish the seeds of pride. Here, different or mixed metaphors are improperly used.

5. I bridle in my struggling muse with pain, that longs to launch into a bolder strain. Here, also, is an instance of a mixed Metaphor. See Gram. p. 135.

6. There is a time, when factions, by the vehemence of their fermentation, ́stun and disable one another. Here, Metaphors are improperly crowded together. See Gram. p. 136.

7. A stubborn and unconquerable flame creeps in his veins, and drinks the streams of life. Here, literal and metaphorical language are improperly mixed. See Gram p. 136.

7. Give an example of straining a Metaphor. What kind of metaphors may be introduced on all occasions? Give an example. When may extended metaphors be introduced?

Give an example of an Allegory. What is the principal requisite in an allegory? Shew how this rule might have been violated in the example. What is said of Fables or Parables?

What figure does the following sentence exemplify;-" Temperance leads to happiness, intemperance to misery?" Point out the erroneousness of the following;- A friend exaggerates a man's virtues, an enemy inflames his crimes."

8. Mention what figures the following sentences exemplify;

1. Every day you are fatigued and disgusted with this cant, the Carnatic is a country that will soon recover, and become instantly as prosperous as ever. They think they are talking to innocents, who believe that by the sowing of dragon's teeth, men may come up ready grown and ready made. (An Allusion.) 2. They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. (An Hyperbole.)

3. "Cry aloud," said Elijah to the priests of Baal, "for he is a god; either he is talking, or he is pursuing, or he is on a journey, or peradventure he sleepeth, and must be awaked." (Irony.)

4. Your idleness, not to mention your impertinence and dishonesty, disqualifies you for the situation. (Paralepsis.)

5. I am reading Paley. He assumes the sceptre. (Metonymy.)

6. Man returns to the dust. (Synecdoche.)

7. Grey hairs should be respected. (Synecdoche.)

8. He earns his bread. (Synecdoche.)

9. The angry ocean. (Personification.)

10. A flourishing city. (Personification.)

11. It advances, and with a menacing aspect slides into the heart of the city. O my country! ah Ilium! the habitation of the Gods! (An Apostrophe.) 12. The Lord is not a man that he should lie. Hath he said it? and shall he not do it? Hath he spoken it? and shall he not make it good? (Interrogation.)

13. O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out! (Exclamation.)

14. I seem to myself to behold this city, the ornament of the earth, and the capital of all nations, suddenly involved in one conflagration. I see before me the slaughtered heaps of citizens, lying unburied in the midst of their ruined country. The furious countenance of Cethegus rises to my view, while with a savage joy he is triumphing in your miseries. (Vision.)

15 There is no enjoyment of property without government; no government without a magistrate; no magistrate without obedience; and no obedience where every one acts as he pleases. (Climax.)

16. There is a tide in the affairs of men,

Which, taken at the flood leads on to fortune;
Omitted, all the voyage of this life

Is bound in shallows and in miseries. (Metaphor.)

17. Childhood and youth are vanity. (Metaphor.)

18. The path of the just is as the shining light. (Simile.)

19. Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord. (Personification.) 20. He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? (Interrogation.)

21. O! that my grief were thoroughly weighed, and my calamity laid in the balances together! (Exclamation.)

22. An ambition to have a place in the registers of fame, is the Eurystheus, which imposes heroic labours on mankind. (Metaphor.)

23. Prayer must be animated. The arrow that would pierce the clouds, must part from the bent bow, and the strained arm. (Metaphor.) 24. It fell a sun beam on the blasted blossom. (Metaphor.)

Exercises corrected. Exercises, p. 85, 86.

1. Upon these four wheels, the chariot of state may, in all appearances, drive easily and safely, or, at least, not be too much shaken by the usual roughness of ways, or by any common accidents.

Obs. The phrase" unequal humours of men," has been cancelled, because a chariot cannot be shaken by the humours of men. This perversion of language produces a mixed Metaphor.