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World.-Silliman's Journal.

This magazine is printed and illustrated in beautiful style, at Albany. As to its character in other respects, it is sufficient to say that it is conducted by A. J. DOWNING, the most distinguished writer in the Union, on all topics connected with hor

ticulture.-Cincinnati Gazette.

We strongly recommend this excellent and useful work to all who are attached to rural pursuits, either for amusement or for profit.-Montreal Gazette. Every one at all ambitious of keeping up with the improvements of the day, in gardening, should subscribe for this Journal.-N. O. Com. Times.

quote Rye at 65 cts. Sales of Oats at 32a34 cts.- The Editor of this attractive Journal has earned a wide reProvisions.-Small sales of Pork are making at $11 Gardening, Cottage Architecture, and Pomology. As an originown by his elegant and most useful works on Landscape for Mess and $9 for Prime. The stock of Beef is nal and accomplished author in these attractive and popular light, and holders have put up the price of No. 1 to pursuits, he has no rival since the death of the indefatigable $10 a$11. Mess and Prime have almost disappear. Loudon; and his merits have been acknowledged by marks of from market. Bacon, Sides and Shoulders are tend-high consideration from some of the crowned heads of the Old ing upward. We note sales of Shoulders at 4 cts, and of Sides at 4 7-8 cts. We quote Sides at 42a41 cts, and Hams at 44a53 cts, for fair to good, and 5 a8 cents for canvassed and extra family. Lard is quiet, kegs are held at 8 cents and bbls at 7a7 cts. Whiskey. The demand is very limited, and sales small. We quote hhds. at 214 c., and bbls. at 22 c. Beans, dull, at 68 a 75c. per bush.; $1 per bushel, for prime, from store. Coffee, Laguyra, 6 3-8, Rio, 61a63. Wood, hickory, $4a4.50; oak, $2.75a3.50; pine, $1.50a2. Stone Coal $5.50. Hemp, large sales at $130 per ton for American dew rotted; water rot at 8a9c. per lb.; Manilla, 9; Russia, nominal at $235 per ton. Molasses, N. O. 22a26; Cuba 13a17. Turpentine, 36a38 per gall. Tar, $2.12. Rosin, 75 ets to $1.50 per bbl. Oil, linseed, 65a68; lard, 60c. Plaster, $2.62 a 2.68 per ton. Rice, $3.50 a3.62.-post-paid. Sugar, N. O. $3.50a4.50; P. Rico 4a5 25; Cuba, $3.50a 4.25. Tobacco is very dull, no sales making for shipment, and receipts rather light; holders not disposed to give way we quote nominally as follows: Maryland, $2,50a3.00 for inferior and common; $3a3,75 for good common; $5a6 for good; $6a13 for fine and better qualities; Ohio is held nominally at $3 to $13, according to quality. Wool, 13a16c. for fair of new clip, common unwashed; and COLE'S AMERICAN VETERINARIAN, 23 a26 for washed; finer grades 29a37c per lb.

THE HORTICULTURIST,

AND

JOURNAL OF RURAL ART AND RURAL TASTE.

Edited by A. J. DOWNING, ESQ.

No per

what we anticipated of the work in such hands, a desideratum
We have found much pleasure in assuring ourselves of just
for the advancing taste of the country in horticulture and rural
architecture, to which the work is chiefly devoted.
son, perhaps, combines more harmoniously the scientific and
the practical than the originator of this work.-N. Y. Observer.
TERMS.-Three Dollars per year-Two copies for Five
Dollars. To Agents, a discount of 20 per cent. will be made.
-All payments to be made in advance, and orders to be
All business letters to be addressed to the Proprietor,
LUTHER TUCKER, Albany, N. Y., and all communications
to the Editor, A. J. DOWNING, Newburgh, N. Y.
-Subscriptions for "THE HORTICULTURIST," re-
ceived at the Office of the AMERICAN FARMER, Baltimore, by
S. SANDS, of whom the 1st and 2d volumes may be had.

July 1-1t

A

16,000 IN ONE YEAR.

OR DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

A Book for every Farmer!

ND a book which every farmer should own, and may own, by paying the small sum of FIFTY CENTS, which may be the means of saving the life of many valuable animals, and from which he may derive a vast amount of the most valuable information in regard to the Training and Breeding of Animals, as well as full Rules for Restoring and Preserving

THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE HORTICULTURIST Commences Health.

on the 1st of July, 1848.

The Publisher, at the close of the second volume, desires to return his thanks for the handsome patronage bestowed on this work. It has already attained a circulation equal to that of any similar magazine in Europe, and far beyond any of its class hitherto attempted in America. Its influence on the progress of Gardening, and the diffusion of information in matters of Rural Taste, is already strikingly apparent. Its extended and valuable correspondence, presents the experience of a large body of the most intelligent cultivators in America; and the instructive and agreeable articles from the pen of the Editor, make it equally sought after by even the general reader, interested in country life.

In order to induce still greater improvements in the work, and especially in its illustrations, the Publisher takes this method of presenting it in various parts of the United States, where it is not already known, and where he is confident that it only needs to be examined, or even announced, (such is the popularity of Mr. Downing's works,) to be at once ordered.

16,000 COPIES

of this valuable work have been sold in ONE YEAR,—and we have testimonials enough in its favor, from those who have purchased and examined it, to fill a volume. We publish a few only.

"No farmer's library is complete without Mr. Cole's Treatise on the Diseases of Domestic Animals,"

From William Bacon, Richmond.
This book is just what we farmers want. The prescriptions
are simple, always accessible, and harmless to the constitution.
From the Christian Herald, Newburyport.

It is truly "a book for every farmer." We have been most
astonished at the amount of important information and instruc-
tion which it contains, on the training, breeding, and diseases
of domestic animals. It is compiled by one of the best agri.
cultural writers in the country, from his own experience and
observation, as a practical farmer and conductor of agricultur-
al papers.
From Levi Bartlett, New Hampshire.
This book should be in the library of every far:ner.

We

The work is published monthly in 8vo. form, of 48 pageseach number accompanied by a frontispicce and several other engravings. The list of constant contributors embraces our From the Farmer's Visitor, by Gov. Hill, N. H. first horticulturists and practical cultivators. The "FOREIGN As the Editor of that excellent agricultural paper, the Boston NOTICES" present a summary from all the leading Horticultur- Cultivator, and other kindred works, Mr. Cole has shown him al Journals of Europe; the "DOMESTIC NOTICES," and AN- self well qualified for the compilation of this work. We hav SWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS, furnish copious hints to the no-known him for years, and he has proved himselt to be one of vice in practical culture; and the numerous and beautiful il- the most persevering and able of our agricultural editors. lustrations,--Plans for Cottages, Green Houses, the Figures of understand his new book has already had a free and extended New Fruits, Shrubs, and Plants, combine to render this one of sale. Many times its price, to almost any farmer, may be the cheapest and inost valuable works to country gentlemen saved in its purchase. on either side of the Atlantic. JOHN P. JEWETT & CO. 23 Cornhill, Boston. 100 agents could make money on this book, in various sec tions of the country. None need apply, except those who can command a small cash capital of from 25 to $50. Address, post paid, the Publishers, 23 Cornhill, Boston. CUSHING & BROTHER,

Notices of the Press.

No one who loves the country will willingly be without Mr. Downing's Journal. In it he combines the merits of all his previous works. While informing the practical gardener as to his particular vocation, the best sorts of garden fruits, vegetables, ornamental shrubbery, etc., and as to the best manner of cultivating each and all, he intersperses lessons of taste in rural architecture, of profit in rural economy, of knowledge at once useful and brilliant in botony, and of delight in all the branches of that most rational, independent, and healthful existence-life in the country.-N. Y. Courier and Enquirer.

General Agents for the State of Maryland, 262 MARKET STREET, opposite Hanover-st., Baltimore, Md. For Sale at the office of the American Farmer. 3m june 1

WHITMAN'S WROUGHT IRON RAIL-WAY HORSE POWER AND THRASHER.

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100

WROUGHT IRON RAIL-WAY HORSE-POWERS AND THRASHERS for one and two horses, and 100 Sweep Horse Powers and Thrashers, for 2, 4, 6 or 8 horses made on an entire new principle, which renders them at least 4 times more durable than any other Sweep-Power ever introduced into this State, and warranted tothrash, clean and break less wheat than any machine in use. Prices about the same of other machines, say from $120 to $200. For Sale this season, by E. WHITMAN, Jr., Corner of Light & Pratt-sts.-Baltimore.

jy 1

THE SUBSCRIBER takes pleasure in returning thanks to the many gentlemen who have favoured him with their MILL-WORK; also to the farmers and planters for their liberal support in the Machine line, and would respectfully inform them, that his endeavors to please will continue unremitting. He is prepared at all times to build any of the following kinds of MILLS. Overshot, Pitch Back, Breast, Undershot, Reacting, Steam, Wind, Tide, Horse-power, or Tread Mills; and having the best of workmen employed at pattern and machine making, he can at all times furnish the best aricles at the lowest prices, such as Horsepowers, Pettigrew Shellers, Murray's Shellers, 4 kinds hand and power Shellers, portable Mills adapted to any power, Corn and Cob grinders, Straw, Hay and Fodder Cutters, Carry-log and Mill Screws; also manufactures Hoisting Machines, Hoisting Cranes, Pile Drivers, Turning Lathes and Steam Engihes; and any kind of Machine Model or Mill-work built to order. Any kind of Catings and Smith-work at the lowest prices. I warrant all Mills planned and erected by me to operate well. JAS. MURRAY, Millwright, York noar Light st. Baltimore. Also for sale, Jas. Murray's patent separating Shellers, which shells and puts the corn in perfect order at the same time, for the mill or for shipping-Persons living near the city can bring with them one or two barrels of corn, and give the sheller a fair trial before purchasing.

He has also for sale, the following second hand Machinery: 2 pair 4 ft 6 in. French burr Millstones, with all the gearing; 1 pair 3 ft 6 in. French Burr Millstones, with all the gearing; and some Saw Mill work--the whole are good, and any or all of the above will be sold low.

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PLOUGHS! PLOUGHS!!

The subscriber is manufacturing Ploughs of various patterns and of different sizes; also Wheat Fans, Cylindrical Straw Cutters, Corn and Tobacco Cultivators, CORN SHELLERS, &c. Also, THRESHING MACHINES and HORSE POWERS-these latter are used by the following gentlemen, to whom reference is made, as to their superior value, viz. Messrs. T. Beard, Th. Beard, Dr. Watkins, J. T. Hodges, T. Welsh, W. Mackall, J. Iglehart, A. Sellman, R.Sellman, W. Hopkins, J. Kent, Geo. Wells, Geo. Gale, Dr. Fenwick, A. Franklin, J. C. Weems, of Anne Arundel county; G. W. Weems, J. T. Barber, R. B. Chew, W. Boswell, Y. Howes, of Calvert co. Md. Agent of Evans Davis, Balumore co. for sale of the Woodcock Plow. Pennsylvania Grain Cradles. CHAS. H. DRURY, Gillingham alley, entrance from Howard st. near Pratt, and store, Hollingsworth st. corner Pratt.

mal

NOTICE.

CLAIRMONT NURSERY,

Near Baltimore, Md.

HALIFAX, N. C., August 25th. '47. Mr. JAS. MURRAY,-Dear Sir:-This is to certify that I have used your fans during the last spring and summer, and feel no hesitation in saying they are the best by far, I ever saw, I fan-sery and Seed Garden occupies about 100 acres of the Farm,

I

ned with one fan, one thousand barrels of corn in one day-
and in one day fanned one thousand bushels of wheat, as it
come from the thresher. They will do as much as any two
ever had, in the same time. Yours, &c.
W. B. HATHAWAY.

TAND OTHERS THE UNITED STATES.-The THE MECHANICS, MANUFACTURERS, ARTISTS Board of Managers of the Maryland Institute for the promotion of the Mechanic Arts, recently established in the city of Baltimore, respectfully announce that they intend holding their first FAIR for the exhibition of improved Machinery, Agricultural Implements, &c. in the month of October next.

We again take pleasure in notifying our various customers and the public, that the time has nearly arrived for transplanting Trees, &c., and consider our stock of fruit trees superior to what they have ever been before both in quality and in quantity, as we have had an opportuty of testing their correctness from our standard Trees which are extensively bearing. We deem it unnecessary to enumerate the various kinds of fruit and ornamental Trees, Shrubbery, Roses, Green House plants, Flower roots, &c. &c., suffice it to say our Nurand our determination is to give satisfaction if possible, both in price and quality-printed Catalogues, giving our prices, will be be sent gratis; where large quantities are wanted considerable discount will be made. Letters addressed to R. Sinclair, Jr. & Co., Light St., Baltimore, or the subscribers, Balto. Md. will meet with prompt attention. Persons wishing to act as Agents will please let us hear from them. WM. CORSE, Nov 1 Successor to Sinclair & Corse.

Cultivator-the object of which is, to let the horse travel in ULTIVATORS.-We have made an improvement in the the middle of the row of corn, &c. This is done in a very simFurther particulars will be given in future advertisements, ple manner, by means of an adjustible draft rod which is movand circulars will be forwarded to persons engaged in manu-ed so that the Cultivator may be run close to the rows-and factures and the arts. J. K. STAPLETON, the horse at the same time travel between them, and thus prevent what often occurs, the treading up of the corn, or so near as to injure the roots. Price, expanding with cast teeth, $5.50; with wrought $6.50. E. WHITMAN, Jr. May 1. Corner of Light and Pratt-streets.

SAM'L. FANDS, Sec'y.

GEO. J. ROCHE,

EDWARD NEEDLES, Com. on Fairs.
Ross WINANS,

B. S. BENSON,

ADAM DENMÉAD, Chairman.

Ap. 1

BOOK & JOB PRINTING neatly executed

URHAM CATTLE AND SWINE FOR SALE AT

(HESTER COUNTY PIGS.-For Sale, a very superior

DAUCTION. The subscriber having purchased of Mr. C Pair of Chester Co. Pigs, about 2 months old price $15.

James Gowen, his large berd of Short Horn Caule, (the character of which is too well known to require a comment here) and being desirous of adopting for the benefit of his pupils, a more general system of culture than is practicable with the keeping of so numerous and increasing a stock of cattle, will sell at Public Auction some 12 or 14 head, on Wednesday, the 12th of July next, at the Rising Sun Hotel, on the Germantown Road, near Philadelphia. The stock to be sold will consist of Cows with Calves by their sides; Cows in calf, all good aged, (principally young); one very fine Bull, (Bruce) 4 years old, Yearling and 2 years old Heifers, and both bull and heifer calves from 5 to 8 months old.

He will also sell several very choice Boar Pigs of the Dutchess breed-a breed very favorably known in New York, having been originated by Mr. Wilkinson several years since, in Dutchess County, N. Y. (his native county) where he has repeatedly received the first premium from the Agricultural Society of that county, for his superior swine.

Mt. Airy Agricultural Institute, Germantown, Pa. June 3, 248.
July 1-lt.
JOHN WILKINSON.

F

Apply at this office.

july I lt

OR SALE-THE Minor and Horton PLOWS of every size, with all their extra Castings.-Also, Wiley and all other PLOWS and CASTINGS, all of the Northern manufac ture and materials. We also keep one of the best hand Corn Shellers in this market, which we will warrant to all who purchase. We have a lot of large size 2 and 3 horse Plows of the Wliey and Minor & Horton, which we wish to get off and will sell them very Cheap, at W. GAWTHROP & SON'S,

mh 1 1848.

No. 71 Bowly's wharf, Baltimore.

GRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS-LABOR SAVING MACHINERY.GEORGE PAGE, Machinist & Manufacturer, Baltimore st. West of Schroder st. Baltimore, is now prepared to supply Agriculturists and all others in want of Agricultural and Labor-saving MACHINERY, with any thing in his line. He can furnish Portable Saw Mills to go by steam, horse or water power; Lumber Wheels; Horse Powers of various sizes, ranging in price from $85 to $200, and each simple, strong and powerful. His Horse Power & Thrashing Machine, he is prepared to supply at the low price of $125 complete; the size, at $30, 40, 65 and $75; Improved Seed and Corn Planter, Portable Tobacco Press; Portable Grist Mills complete, $12.

ENCING-FENCING.-The undersigned is now prepared to furnish the entire apparatus, or any part of the ma-Thrashing Machines without the horse power, according to chinery for the manufacture of the new, beautiful, and highly economical kind of FENCING, advertised in the last August No. of this Journal, to such as desire, together with the Patent Right for any of the counties of this State, except that of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Baltimore, and Prince George's-also for the entire territory of Virginia, or any part of it-likewise for any part of the territory of Pennsylvania unsold. For particulars, description, &c. see the American Farmer, No. 2, for 1847. C. COLEMAN.

Mt. Pleasant, Frederick county, Md., June, 1848.
July 1

HIGHLY IMPROVED HORSE-POWER.-The subscri-
ber is prepared to furnish his improved Horse-Powers,
upon the Sun and Planet principle, and such as he exhibited
at the late Fair in this city. This power possesses some pecu-
liar advantages over all other powers in use, as running light-
er, being more durable, and any repairs necessary to it, can be
done on the farm without going to a mechanic's shop. Those
in want of a Horse Power would do well to examine this be-
fore purchasing elsewhere-price $100. Threshing Machines
on hand for $45 and $55.
J. S. EASTMAN,
July 1

At his old stand, 180 Pratt-st.

Tstrong 4 Horse Powers, which he will sell at 50 each, also
NO FARMERS.-The subscriber has on hand three good,

BONE-DUST AND POUDRETTE.

HE subscribers are prepared to furnish the above named factory on Harris' Creek, Canton, near the Eastern limits of articles of manure, at the shortest notice, at their manuthe city. Orders may be left at S. SANDS, Publisher of the American Farmer, No. 2 Jarvis' Building, North-st., Balto. HOSKINS & BAYNES.

mar 1.

the "Simon pure and invincible WILEY PLOW still in the field-A. G. MOTT, at No. 38 ENSOR STREET, near the Bel-Air Market-Manufacturer and Vender of Implements of Husbandry, viz. Plows, Harrows, Cultivators, GrainCradles, Wheat-Fans, Corn-Shellers, Straw-Cutters, Endless chain Horse Powers, Threshing Machines, &c. &c.-through this medium, would apprize the agricultnral community of the fact, that he is the only manufacturer in the "Monumental city" of the GENUINE WILEY PLOW (right and left hand) composed of the real "simon pure" and justly celebrated New York composition, chilled castings, the points of which, are warranted to stand the most rugged soil equal to steel, at a are for bargains, call, or send your orders, for he guarantees his cost of about two cents per acre, for blacksmith's bill.-If you

a variety of PLOUGHS, small and large, of good patterns and well made, that he will sell below first cost. Likewise, supe-gallons of this seed for sale, at $3 per quart. Those wishSAGE ORANGE SEED. We have received a few rior THRESHING MACHINES, and various other Farming Implements, equally cheap. Plough Castings on hand at re-ing to raise this shrub for hedges, should obtain the seed this J. S. EASTMAN, S. SANDS, Office of the Farmer.

tail.

July 1

In the rear of 180 W. Pratt street.

HRESHING MACHINE.-J. S. EASTMAN, No. 180 Pratt-street, would furnish a Horse-Power and Threshing Machine to thresh a crop of wheat near Baltimore city. jy 1 THRASHING MACHINERY, HARVEST

TOOLS, &c.

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summer or fall.
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2 Jarvis building, North-st

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ist; the Farmer's Library;

Hussey's Reaper

6

The Crops

Toft subscribers are rad meining an unusual large as. Visit to Col. Capron's, by

sortment of agricultural machinery for the coming harvest --all of which they warrant to be equal as regards plan of construction, durability, &c., to any similar machinery made in this country. They may be rated and priced as follows, viz: Lever Horse Powers, 3 sizes, at Endless Chain Powers, 2 sizes, at Thrashing Machines, 4 sizes, at

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Dr. D. Stewart, on Lime
Eastern Shore of Va. farm-
ing
10 21
Experiments with Guano 11
Dr. N. D. Smith, on the
Guinea Grass
12

14

14

Mr. Clopper, on the Mul-
ticole Rye
12
Western Continent resumed 12
Gama Grass, value of 13
Delaware Agricultural Club 13
N. B. Worthington on Gu-
ano, &c.
4,5 and $6 Profitable disposition of a
dead horse
J. N. Steele, on corn crop
Act for the appointment of
an Agricultural Chemist
Guano on Limed Land 15
Judges of our Prize Essays 16
Mt. Airy Agr. Institute 17 18
The Farmer, and its patrons 18
Price & supply of Guano 18
Invitation to correspondents 19
Notices to our exchanges-
of Mr. Worthington's com-
munication; of Mr. Car-
michael's; of the Patent Of-

5 to $16 5.50 and $6.50 25 30 and $35 We are also manufacturing extensively, our late improved drilling machines, which, with tests during the last season, has proved the article to be perfect in every particular-they are fixed to drill almost every variety of grain, but particularly adapted for wheat.

In the next number of this paper we will say more in regard to this new and valuable machine.

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The Farmer" in North

Carolina, Virginia & Ala. 20 Buckwheat

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The Agricultural Interests 21
Samuel Lawrence, on the
supply of Wool
Montgomery Co. Improve-
ments

21

22

Fair of the Md. Institute

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Agr. Clubs in A. A. and Queen Anne's Ornamental Fencing Farming in Carroll Co. Md. 24 15 The Farmer in Mississippi and Virginia 15 Lemon and Plum Trees Mr. Carmichael on the analysis of his soil Notices of the Farmer, by the press Farming in Sussex, Del. Montgomery Co. Agr. Soc. 27 Work in the Garden Floriculture for July Markets, Meteorological Table, &c.

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AMERICAN FARMER,

SPIRIT OF THE AGRICULTURAL JOURNALS OF THE DAY.

Vol. IV.

"O FORTUNATOS NIMIUM SUA SI BONA NORINT
"AGRICOLAS."
Virg.

BALTIMORE, AUGUST, 1848.

WORK FOR AUGUST.

Before we commence our details of the work for the month, we will seize the opportunity to make a few desultory remarks on the crops of the season and the prospect of markets.

No. 2.

condition of the people of Europe be succeeded soon by a state of quiet and peace, that the demand for our breadstuffs in that quarter, with the exception of Corn, will be less than usual, and so believing, we feel it to be our duty to apprise our agricultural friends thus early, in order that they may avail themselves of every opportunity of getting their surplus products to market whenever prices may be such as to justify their doing so.

equal to eighteen months' supply. The Rye crop this year has been a fruitful one, so also has been that of Barley. The Oats crop has suffered much from drought in all quarters, and will be, we believe, less than an average one. The Corn, too, in many parts of the country has suffered from the same cause, as well as from insects, but now begins to look more promising-how its yield may ultimately turn out, we are not prepared to say, but trust that, in product, price and markets, the growers of it may find ample rewards for their labors. The Hay crop is a fair one.

The Grain Crops of Europe.-So far as we have been able to form an opinion by the European news, we are inclined to believe that the crops in Europe will turn out fully average ones,-so that, should no Crops at Home.-From all the information we can disasters occur to blight the prospects in that region, gain, we believe that the Wheat crop is above an our market there for our surplus breadstuffs during average yield, while its quality is excellent. The the next twelve months will be a circumscribed one. | Tobacco crop will, we think, prove unusually small, England, whether her crops prove fruitful or other-but then, the stock on hand in Europe, is said to be wise, always has to draw a portion of her bread from abroad, dealing, of course, with that nation which may offer her the greatest facilities as regards cheapness and supply, for her merchants, like the government, are ruled by matters of interest. If then, we could supply the demand which may be necessary to meet the deficiency, upon better and cheaper terms than the grain growers of Canada, and those of the Black and Baltic seas, we of course would get the preference, solely, because the great lever of human action-interest-would preponderate in our favor. So far, however, as England may be able to draw a portion of her deficiency from Canada, she will do So, as the discriminating duties in favor of her colonial subjects will enable them to furnish it to the best advantage——but as Canada cannot supply but a portion of the breadstuffs needed to meet the demand, the competition for the residue will be between us and the grain growers of the two seas we have named, and the greater proximity of the latter over us, and the cheapness of labor there, would reduce our chances within a very small compass, if it were not that from the advantages of climate our crops mature much earlier than theirs, and from the fact, too, that our wheat makes more bread than theirs. But taking all things into consideration, we fear very much, that, should the present disturbed

Now let us turn to such matters as require to be done

ON THE FARM.

Timothy.-Grounds intended to be set in Timothy meadows should be forthwith ploughed-being first heavily manured. He who intends setting a timothy mea dow should recollect, that it is to remain in grass for many years-and, as the custom is, but ought not to be,-to take all out of the soil, without returning anything to it, it is indispensably necessary that it be highly fertilized in the beginning, and that, if it be not, short crops of grass, and an early running out of the meadow, will be the inevitable consequences. In ploughing, care must be taken to turn over the furrows flat, so as to completely bury grass, weeds,

and the seeds of both, while the furrow should be of sufficient depth to place such nuisances in a condition to prevent their re-growth or germination. Care must be observed to have no balks, but to do the work with exactitude. When ploughed, if the soil be stiff, the roller should be used across the furrows, to close up interstices and break and pulverize the clods. Then the harrow should be run the way the furrow runs, after which it should be cross-harrowed. There is possibly no crop which requires nicer tilth than does that of timothy. The smallness and delicacy of the seed will indicate this to any one who may take the trouble to think; and hence, every pains should be taken to render the soil free from clods and lumps of earth. Many a lot of good seed has been denounced as bad, because it did not come up, when, in fact, the fault lied in the slovenly manner in which the ground had been prepared.

Where the ground may have been long in culture, without being recently limed, the presumption is, that the soil is deficient in lime, and it would be best to give it 50 or 100 bushels to the acre previous to the last harrowing. If, however, the ground is wet, the application will be almost useless, and it should be relieved of its superabundant water by drainage. Having prepared your soil, as directed, employ a good seeder, and let him carefully sow your seed, which, when sown, must be harrowed or brushed in; that done, the ground should be rolled. This latter operation brings the earth into immediate contact with the seed and ensures its quick germination, and the vigorous growth of the plants.

Quantity of Seed per Acre.-Less than a peck of seed, per acre, should not be sown, and care must be taken in its purchase, in order that it be fresh and well cleaned. In setting a meadow it is necessary to sow plenty of seed, in order that the ground may be occupied by the grass plants and the less room left for weeds.

Rye. The earlier you get your Rye in this month, the better opportunity will it have of establishing itself with roots to enable it to withstand the pressure of frosts and thaws-the better will its chance be of escaping from the effects of winter-killing.

In ploughing, be sure to turn up the soil as deeply as your team will allow you-and be as sure to make the tilth perfectly fine by the free use of the harrow. After your seed is in the ground, harrow and roll the surface.

Quantity of seed per acre.-The quantity of seed per acre usually seeded, is 4 pecks. We think 5 pecks the safer quantity.

If the land on which you are about to sow your Rye should not be in good heart, you would find it to be your interest to sow broadcast over each acre of it, a mixture of 5 bushels of ashes and 1 of plaster. If it be possible for you to do so, it would be better to sow on each acre, and plough it in, a mixture composed of 200 lbs. of Peruvian Guano and 1 bushel of

Plaster.

Turnips. If you have not sowed your Turnips, you may still put them in any time between this and the 10th of the month, the earlier the better: for the mode of doing so we refer you to our instructions of last month, in which you will find everything laid down calculated to ensure success. As our paper circulates in many parts of the country where coal is used as fuel, we will mention, that if 20 bushels of coal ashes and 5 gallons of fish oil be added to the manure usually applied to turnips, the safety and quantity of the product will be greatly enhanced.

Guano. As the time for seeding wheat is at hand, we seize the occasion to say that this manure is peculiarly adapted to the growth of this crop, and that all who can do so, should procure a supply. Where a single crop may be the object, 200 lbs. per acre, will be enough-where permanent improvement of the soil is looked to-as it ought always to be-400 lbs., per acre, will be necessary. Whether one quantity or the other be used, a bushel of plaster should be mixed with either. Guano should always be ploughed in to the full depth of the furrow, be that what it may. And to save the necessity for inquiry, we will remark, that when mixed with plaster and ploughed in, it matters not how recently the land may have been limed:-nor will it at all interfere with the effective operation of the Guano, if liming be performed at the same time, provided the lime be applied to the surface of the soil, and the former ploughed in. For our reasons in favor of ploughing Guano in, see vol. 3, page 60.

The inquiry is frequently made of us, as to the propriety of top-dressing with Guano, and to cover that inquiry the more comprehensively, we will make the remark, here-that from the volatile nature of the nutrient principle contained in Guano, it should never be applied to the surface, as much of its virtue, when thus applied, escapes, and its benefits are, to that extent, lost alike to the soil, and to the growing crop. If used at all as a top-dressing, it should be so used in a liquid form-say 10 gallons of rain-water mixed with every pound of the Guano.The rain-water would give temporary fixidity to the already formed ammonia of the Guano, and thereby, for a time, prevent loss, but as the action of the solution would be but for a very limited period, and the full benefit of the manure is desirable, we repeat,Guano should always be ploughed in, as to place it beneath the earth, is the only possible way by which its greatest amount of benefit can be secured to the soil. Among the minor operations of the garden it may be well enough to use solutions of Guano upon the vegetables and flowers, but even there it would be best to work it into the earth.

Granaries and Barns -These should be thoroughly cleansed before grain is stowed away in them. The floors should be scoured with ley and the walls whitewashed. It would be better that means be

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