the year 1665, at Banbury, in Oxfordshire; and, having been admitted a commoner of Magdalen hall, Oxford, in 1679, he commenced B. A. in 1683; became a probationer fellow of Merton college in 1684; and proceeded M. A. in 1688. Entering into holy orders, he obtained the rectories of Lapworth and Solihull, in Warwickshire, and the archdeaconry of Cardigan. He was a man of high classical attainments, considerable abilities, and obtained great reputation as an author. His works consist of A Vindication of the Church of England against Heresy and Schism; The Husbandman's Manual,-directing him how to improve the several Actions of his Calling, and the most useful Occurrences of his Life, to the Glory of God, and Benefit of his Soul; Dr. Clarke's Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity Examined; A Conference with an Arian; A Latin Treatise on the Thirty-nine Articles, which has been translated into English, and frequently reprinted; an edition of the Works of Novitian; and several occasional sermons. He died on the 28th of May, 1739, leaving several children; one of whom, a son, is said to have afterwards kept an inn at Stratford-uponAvon. "Whilst the coachman stopped to water the horses," observes the author of the Spiritual Quixote, "my landlord, out of civility, came to pay his compliments to Dr. Greville, who knew the man to be the son of the learned Dr. Welchman, well known for his illustration of the Thirty-nine Articles; which piece of history, as he had not much merit of his own to boast of, mine host never failed to acquaint his customers with. Gentlemen,' he would say, 'you have, doubtless, heard of my father; he made the Thirty-nine Articles.""

MOSS, (ROBERT, Dean of Ely,) was born in Norfolk, about the year 1666; and, at the age of sixteen, proceeded to Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, where he wrote some Latin and Greek verses on the deaths of Charles the Second, and Mary, the consort of King William, which were inserted in the Cambridge collection. After graduating as B. A. and obtaining a fellowship, he commenced private tutor, and was appointed one of the twelve university preachers. He also

became a candidate for the office of orator, which he lost by three votes, those, it is said, of the university bedells, -who had taken offence at some paragraph in one of his speeches as prævaricator. He proceeded to the degree of S. T. B. in 1696; and, subsequently, obtained the preachership at Gray's inn, and the assistant-preachership at St. James's, Westminster. In 1701, he became a royal chaplain, and, four years afterwards, was created S. T. P. in the presence of Queen Anne. In 1708, he accepted the lectureship of St. Lawrence, Jewry; and, in 1712, the queen nominated him Dean of Ely; on which occasion he resigned his fellowship, as he did his preachership at Gray's inn, on being presented to the living of Giddleston, Herts, in 1714; and his lectureship in the city, on account of his infirmities, in 1727. He retained his royal chaplaincy after the accession of George the First, but was, at length, dismissed, with Sherlock and Hare, for the part he took in the Bangorian controversy. After his death, which occurred in 1729, his sermons were collected and published by Dr. Snape, who states that "he was of a graceful personage, a gentleman-like address, a sweet, affable, and benevolent disposition; and had something so winning and engaging in his conversation, that he was scarce ever known to lose a friend that had been once intimately acquainted with him." "He distinguished himself," says the same divine, " "by repeated proofs of very uncommon abilities; and acquired the reputation of one of the most ingenious performers of any about his time, of all kinds of public exercises, whether in the way of classical or academical learning." Cutler, in a letter to Grey, says of his sermons: "their reputation must last as long as learning, eloquence, or religion." One of his discourses, entitled, The Extent of Christ's Commission to Baptise, was occasioned by the controversy as to the validity of lay baptism. Besides his sermons, he published a defence of the lower house of convocation, "concerning their consultations about the Bishop of Bangor's writings;" and is suspected to have written A Letter to Queen Anne on the Peace of Utrecht. He left a widow, but, as it appears, no children.

CHISHULL, (EDMUND,) a native of Eyworth, in Bedfordshire, was born about the year 1668, and proceeded to the degree of M. A. in 1693, at Corpus Christi college, Oxford. He published an elegant Latin poem on the battle of La Hogue, in 1692, and another, on the death of Queen Mary, in 1694. Four years afterwards, he succeeded to a travelling fellowship, and visited Turkey and the Levant. He then settled at Smyrna, where he officiated as chaplain to the English factory until 1702, when he returned to England, and, three years afterwards, took his bachelor's degree in divinity. In 1708, he became vicar of Walthamstow; in 1711, chaplain to the queen; in 1713, a lent preacher at St. Olave's, Hart street; and, in 1731, rector of Southchurch, Essex, in possession of which he died, leaving two children, on the 18th of May, 1733. Besides numerous sermons and some controversial pieces, he published an account of his travels; a dissertation on certain medals struck at Smyrna in honour of physicians, appended to Dr. Mead's Harleian oration, in 1724; and Antiquitates Asiatica Christianum Eram antecedentes, of which the manuscript of a second volume that appears to have been in the press at the time of his decease, was purchased by the trustees of the British Museum, in 1785.

WOOLSTON, (THOMAS,) son of a respectable tradesman, was born in 1669, at Northampton, where he acquired the rudiments of learning. In 1685, he was sent to Cambridge; and, proceeding B. A., in 1688, was soon afterwards elected to a fellowship, and entered into holy orders. He took the degree of M. A. in 1692; and, in 1699, that of B. D. Having imbibed a fondness for allegorical interpretations of Scripture, by reading the works of Origen, he produced, in 1705, The old Apology for the Truth of the Christian Religion against the Jews and Gentiles revived in this tract he contended, that the ancient fathers had considered the actions of Moses as typical of Christ and his church. In 1720, he printed a Latin dissertation, in which he asserted, that the letter from Pontius Pilate to Tiberius, concerning the works of Christ, inserted in the writings of the fathers,

was a forgery; and two Latin epistles, in defence of Origen's allegorical mode of interpreting the Scriptures. Soon afterwards, he published a letter to Dr. Bennett, rector of Cripplegate, containing an inquiry, "whether the people called Quakers, did not, the nearest of any other sect of religion, resemble primitive Christians, in principles and practice." On account of the animosity which he betrayed against the clergy in this production, and his refusal to reside at college, pursuant to the statutes, he was deprived of his fellowship. In the years 1723 and 1724, he produced his Free Gifts to the Clergy; and, in 1726, A Defence of the Miracle of the Thundering Legion, against Mr. Moyle. Soon afterwards, he printed The Moderator between an Infidel and an Apostate; and, subsequently, two supplements to that production, in which he not only contended for mystical interpretations of the miracles of Christ, but insisted that they had never been wrought. The attorneygeneral now took proceedings against him as a declared enemy to Christianity, which, however, were stayed, principally on the interference of Whiston. His next productions were Six Discourses on the Miracles, in which, it is said, "he mixed up a vein of ridicule and buffoonery, which could not fail of striking with horror all believers in the divine mission of Christ." He now lost the friendship of Whiston, and proceedings against him for blasphemy being renewed, he was brought to trial, found guilty, and sentenced to a year's imprisonment in the King's Bench, to pay £100 fine, and to find security for his good behaviour. On the expiration of the year, not being able either to procure bail, (as he would not promise not to repeat his offence,) or to pay the fine, Dr. Clarke generously undertook to solicit his dise charge. His exertions, however, were speedily rendered needless by Woolston's decease, which occurred in January, 1732-3. A few moments before he expired, he said, in contemplation of death, "This is a struggle which all men must go through, and which I bear, not only patiently, but with willingness." He was learned, industrious, and endowed with good talents, which, however, were deplorably

perverted by his tendency to mysticism. Although abusive to his opponents, in disposition he is said to have been amiable, and in moral deportment, proof against reproach; but strong doubts have been entertained of his mental sanity.

SNAPE, (ANDREW,) son of the serjeant-farrier to Charles the Second, was born at Hampton-court, in 1670. After having passed some years at Eton school, he was removed, in 1689, to King's college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B. A. in 1693; that of M. A. in 1697; and, in or about the latter year, obtained a fellowship. He soon afterwards became lecturer of St. Martin-in-the-fields; and, subsequently, rector of St. Maryat-hill, and one of the royal chaplains. In 1705, he took the degree of D. D.; and, in 1707, attended, as one of the representatives of the university of Cambridge, at the jubilee of Frankfort. While on the continent, he preached a sermon before the Electress Sophia, which was afterwards printed under the title of The Just Prerogative of Human Nature. In 1713, he was installed a canon of Windsor; and, in 1717, he took a conspicuous part against Hoadly, in the Bangorian controversy, which, however, led to his removal from the office of king's chaplain, at the instigation of his opponent. In 1719, he was elected provost of King's college, Cambridge; and, in the following year, vice-chancellor of the university. Shortly afterwards, he obtained the rectory of Knebworth, in Hertfordshire; and, in 1737, that of Ilderly, in Berkshire, which he held till his death. He was also, for some years, head master of Eton, and had the honour of drawing up the Cambridge address to George the Second, on the institution of the Whitehall preachers. He appears to have been learned, acute, amiable, and a zealous supporter of the doctrines of the established church. As a controversialist, he displayed so much power, that, according to Dr. Zachary Grey," he was by far the most powerful opponent Bishop Hoadly had." He edited the discourses of Dean Moss; and three volumes of his, sermons were published a few years after his death, which took place on the 30th of

December, 1742. It is asserted, that a mezzotinto likeness of Dr. Snape, was, "after the original had gone out of fashion," imposed upon the public as a portrait of the famous Orator Henley.

BOULTER, (HUGH, Archbishop of Armagh,) was born in 1671, and studied, for some time, at Merchant Tailors' school, whence he removed to Christchurch, Oxford. After having been elected demy of Magdalen, he proceeded to the degree of B. A. in 1690; to that of M. A. in 1693; and, soon afterwards, obtained a fellowship. He became chaplain to Sir Charles Hedges, in 1700; and, subsequently, through the interest of Lord Sunderland, procured the living of St. Olave, Southwark, and the archdeaconry of Surrey. In 1705, he took the degree B. D., and that of D. D. in 1708. In 1719, he went to Hanover with George the First, in the capacity of chaplain, and was employed to teach Prince Frederick the English language. During the same year, the king promoted him to the deanery of Christchurch, and the bishopric of Bristol. He was nominated, in 1724, Archbishop of Armagh, and primate of Ireland, where he soon acquired great popularity by his extraordinary benevolence, and strenuous exertions to ameliorate the condition of the country. He expended £30,000 in the augmentation of small livings; erected and endowed hospitals at Drogheda and Armagh, for the reception of clergymen's widows; supported the sons of many poor divines at the university; contributed greatly to the establishment of the protestant charter schools; and, during a severe scarcity of food, in 1740, provided, at his own expense, two meals a day for upwards of two thousand five hundred distressed persons. In these and other equally laudable acts, he disbursed nearly the whole of his archiepiscopal revenues. His deportment was grave, his aspect venerable, his temper meek, and his mode of living remarkably frugal. He died, after having been thirteen times a lord justice of Ireland, near the close of the year 1742. A few of his sermons and charges were printed during his lifetime; and a collection of his letters was published, at Oxford, many years after his decease.

On

DAWES, (Sir WILLIAM, Archbishop of York,) the son of Sir John Dawes, Bart., was born near Braintree, in Essex, on the 12th of September, 1671, and received his education at Merchant Tailors' school, and St. John's college, Oxford. The family estate and title having devolved on him, by the death of his father and two elder brothers, he quitted the university, and passed some time as a country gentleman; but rural pursuits not being congenial to his taste, he entered himself of Catherine hall, Cambridge, of which, in his twenty-fifth year, he became master; and, soon afterwards, filled the office of vice-chancellor. Having taken orders, he was nominated chaplain to William the Third; and, in 1698, presented to a prebendal stall at Worcester. During the same year, Archbishop Tenison collated him to the deanery and rectory of Bocking, in Essex. the accession of Anne, he was appointed one of her majesty's chaplains, and would, apparently, have been raised to the bishopric of Lincoln, in 1705, but for the utterance of some offensive truths, in a sermon, which he preached before the queen early in that year. He soon, however, regained her majesty's esteem; and, in 1707, obtained the see of Chester; from which, in 1713-14, he was translated to the archbishopric of York. After his decease, which took place on the 30th of April, 1724, his works were collected, and published in three volumes, octavo: they consist of a poem, entitled, The Anatomy of Atheism, dedicated to Sir George Darcey (whose daughter, Frances, he married, and by her had seven children); the preface to Bishop Blackall's works; a discourse On the Eternity of Hell Torments; and a number of sermons on various subjects. As a preacher, he acquired great popularity, not so much by his mental abilities, which, though respectable, were far from splendid, as by the natural beauty of his elocution, and the dignified graces of his person. His moral character was altogether admirable: no man, it is said, could, with justice, accuse him of ever having neglected his duty, violated his promise, or acted, in any respect, contrary to the dictates of his conscience. His behaviour is said to have been courteous, his conversation cheerful, and

his temper, on all occasions, perfectly unruffled.

His

SMALBROKE, (RICHARD, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry,) was born at Birmingham, in 1672. He completed his education at Magdalen college, Oxford, where he proceeded to the degree of B. A. in 1691; to that of M. A. in 1694; to that of B. D. in 1706; and to that of D.D. in 1708. He also obtained a fellowship; and, in 1712, became chaplain to Archbishop Tenison, and treasurer of Llandaff. In 1717, he was made a prebend of Hereford; and, in 1723, was consecrated Bishop of St. David's; from which see he was translated, in 1730, to that of Lichfield and Coventry. He died on the 22nd of September, 1749, leaving three sons and four daughters by his wife, Catherine, a sister of Archdeacon Brooks. portrait is preserved at Magdalen college, Oxford, to which, in 1730, he gave £100 towards the erection of some new buildings. He published eleven sermons, two or three charges, and above twenty controversial pieces, chiefly against Whiston and Woolston. He became involved in a personal dispute between Budworth and the Methodists, and exposed himself, by some observations in one of his charges, to a caustic attack from Warburton. a polemical writer, he possessed considerable ability; but, in A Vindication of our Saviour's Miracles, he much weakened the effect of his arguments, by entering into calculations, as to the precise number of devils in the herd of swine at Gadarene.

As

HARE, (FRANCIS, Bishop of Chichester,) was born about the year 1675, and admitted, in 1688, a scholar on the foundation, at Eton; whence he removed to King's college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B. A. in 1692, and that of M. A. a few years afterwards. Commencing tutor, the celebrated Anthony Collins, and the Marquess of Blandford, eldest son of the great Duke of Marlborough, were, among others, placed under his care. Soon after the premature death of his noble pupil, which took place in 1702, he entered into holy orders, and became chaplain-general to the army in Flanders. In 1707, he was appointed

canon-residentiary of St. Paul's, and prebendary of Portpool; in 1708, he took the degree of S. T. P.; and, in 1712, obtained a fellowship. In 1713, he was instituted to the rectory of Barnes; and, in 1715, nominated Dean of Worcester, and chaplain to George the First, who, however, dismissed him, for political causes, in 1718. In 1726, he was preferred to the deanery of St. Paul's; in the following year, to the bishopric of St. Asaph; and, in 1731, translated to the more valuable see of Chichester, which, with the metropolitan deanery, he continued to hold during the remainder of his life. He died on the 26th of April, 1740, leaving one son, a prebendary of Winchester. His abilities were great, his acquirements extensive, his manners amiable, and his morals above reproach. From 1706 to 1712, his pen was frequently employed in defending the Whigs against the attacks of Swift and other Tory writers. Shortly before the death of Queen Anne, he published an anonymous pamphlet, entitled, The Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the Study of the Scriptures, in the Way of private Judgment. This production became remarkably popular, but fell under the censure of the lower house of convocation, as being calculated to encourage scepticism. According to Whiston, who accuses him plainly of not being a firm believer, Hare, finding that this pamphlet might probably be a hindrance to his preferment, attempted, but in vain, to conceal the fact of his being the author of it. In the Bangorian controversy, he took rather a conspicuous part against Hoadly, who retorted upon him with considerable acrimony, in a tract, entitled, The Dean of Worcester still the same! He also published several sera quarto edition of Terence, with notes; and the Psalms, in Hebrew, restored, according to his assertion, to their original metre. Bishop Lowth, however, appears to have satisfactorily confuted his opinions on the Hebraical rhythm; and Bentley, whom, at one time he eulogized, but, subsequently, opposed, on the appearance of that divine's superior edition of Terence, has charged him with glaring inaccuracy as a critic. Warburton, on the other hand, whose writings he had praised, and who was

mons;

indebted to his friendship for a recommendation to Queen Caroline, elevates Hare to a level with Bentley himself; terming them the two greatest critics the world ever produced. At the time of his death, he was engaged on an edition of Plautus; and the whole of his works were afterwards collected and published in four volumes octavo.

DISNEY, (JOHN,) the son of a protestant dissenter, was born at Lincoln, in 1677, and after having been a student-at-law, and a very efficient justice of the peace, determined, at the age of forty-five, on becoming a minister of the church of England. He was, accordingly, ordained deacon and priest, by Archbishop Wake, in 1719; and, during the same year, procured the vicarage of Croft, and the rectory of Kirkby, in Lincolnshire; both of which he resigned in 1722, on obtaining the vicarage of St. Mary, at Nottingham, in possession of which he died, on the 3rd of February, 1719-20, leaving a widow and several children. He is described as having been warm and impatient, but generous and forgiving; orthodox in his tenets, but a friend to toleration; indefatigable in the pursuit of knowledge, and particularly industrious as an author. Of his works, which are rather voluminous, the following are the most celebrated :Primitiæ Sacræ, or the Reflections of a Devout Solitude; Flora, prefixed to a translation of the poem on Gardens, by Rapin; An Essay on the Execution of the Laws against Immorality and Profaneness; and A Genealogy of the House of Brunswick.

BOLD, (JOHN,) was born at Leicester, in 1679, and, at the age of fifteen, had become matriculated at St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B. A. in 1698. He soon afterwards accepted the superintendence of a small endowed school at Hinckley, in Leicestershire, at a salary of £10 per annum; and, having entered into holy orders, obtained, in 1702, the curacy of Stony Stratford, the stipend of which was only £30 per annum. Although an elegant scholar, an active divine, an eloquent preacher, a good practical writer on religious subjects, and a most exemplary