of the United States ceases, and is unlawful, so long as such condition of hostility continues; and all goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from such state or section into the other parts of the United States, or proceeding from other parts of the United States to such state or section, by land or water, are, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same, or conveying persons to or from such state or section, forfeited to the United States. And whenever any

part of a state not declared to be in insurrection is under the control of insurgents, or is in dangerous proximity to places under their control, all commercial intercourse therein and therewith is subject to the same prohibitions and conditions for such time and to such extent as becomes necessary to prointerests, and is

tect the public directed by the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President.

According to the general provisions | of the United States Revised Statutes concerning crimes, no conviction or judgment works corruption of blood or any forfeiture of estate. The punishment of death is inflicted by hanging. The punishments of whipping and of standing in the pillory are not to be inflicted. The benefit of clergy is not to be used or allowed upon conviction of any crime punishable by death. Whenever, by the judgment of any court or judicial officer of the United States in any criminal proceeding, any person is sentenced to two kinds of punishment, pecuniary and corporal, the President has discretionary power to pardon or remit, in whole or in part, either of them, without in any manner impairing the legal validity of the other, or of any portion of either kind not pardoned or remitted. The jurisdiction of the courts of the several states under the laws thereof is not taken away or impaired. Persons being tried for crimes are at their own request, but not otherwise, competent witnesses, and failure to make such request does not create any presumption against them.

Any person owing allegiance to the United States who levies war against them, or adheres to their

X

enemies, giving them aid and comfort, within the United States or elsewhere, is guilty of treason, and shall suffer death, or at the discretion of the court shall be imprisoned at hard labour for not less than five years, and fined not less than $10,000, to be levied on and collected out of any or all of his property, real and personal, of which he was the owner at the time of committing such treason, any sale or conveyance to the contrary notwithstanding; and every person so convicted of treason shall, moreover, be incapable of holding any office under the United States. Every person owing allegiance to the United States, and having knowledge of the commission of any treason against them, who conceals and does not, as soon as may be, disclose and make known the same to the President, or to some judge of the United States, or to the governor, or to some judge or justice of a particular state, is guilty of misprision of treason, and shall be imprisoned not more than seven years, and fined not more than $1000. Every person who incites, sets on foot, assists, or engages in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the United States, or the laws thereof, or gives aid or comfort thereto, shall be punished

by imprisonment not more than ten years, or by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by both of such punishments; and shall, moreover, be incapable of holding any office under the United States. Every citizen of the United States, whether actually resident or abiding within the same, or in any foreign country, who, without the permission or authority of the Government, directly or indirectly, commences or carries on any verbal or written correspondence or intercourse with any foreign Government, or any officer or agent thereof, with an intent to influence the measures or conduct of any foreign Government, or of any officer or agent thereof, in relation to any disputes or controversies with the United States; and every person being a citizen of, or resident within, the United States, and not duly authorised, who counsels, advises, or assists in any such correspondence, with such intent, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $5000, and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor more than three years; but this shall not be construed to abridge the right of a citizen to apply, by himself or his agent, to any foreign Government or the agents thereof, for redress of any injury which he may have sustained from such Government, or any of its agents or subjects. Every person who carries on a correspondence by letter or otherwise with any foreign nation or Power with an intent to get Indians to war against the United States, or who alienates, or attempts to alienate, the confidence of Indians from the United States Government, is liable to a penalty of $1000. If two or more persons in any state or territory conspire to overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force, the Government of the United States, or to levy war against them, or to oppose by force the authority there

of; or by force to prevent, hinder, or delay the execution of any law of the United States; or by force to seize, take, or possess any property of the United States contrary to the authority thereof, each of them shall be punished by a fine of not less than $500 and not more than $5000, or by imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a period not less than six months nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. A conspiracy to prevent any person from accepting or holding office under the United States, &c., persons engaged in a conspiracy to deprive any person of the equal protection of the laws, or in a conspiracy to prevent any person supporting any candidate, &c., are punishable by fine and imprisonment, or either, as just stated. Every person who recruits soldiers or sailors within the United States to engage in armed hostility against the same, or who opens within the United States a recruiting-station for the enlistment of such soldiers or sailors to serve in any manner in armed hostility against the United States, shall be fined not less than $200 nor more than $1000, and imprisoned not less than one year nor more than five years. Every soldier or sailor enlisted or engaged within the United States, with intent to serve in armed hostility against the same, shall be punished by a fine of $100, and by imprisonment not less than one year nor more than three years.

Every person who, corruptly, or by threats or force, or by threatening letters or any threatening communications, endeavours to influence, intimidate, or impede any grand or petit juror of any court of the United States in the discharge of his duty, or who corruptly, or by threats or force, or by threatening letters or any threatening communications, influences, obstructs, or impedes, or

endeavours to influence, obstruct, or impede, the due administration of justice therein, is punishable by a fine of not more than $1000, or by imprisonment not more than one year, or both such fine and imprisonment; and every person who attempts to influence the action or decision of any grand or petit juror upon any issue or matter pending before such juror, or before the jury of which he is a member, or pertaining to his duties, by writing or sending to him any letter or any communication in print or writing in relation to such issue or matter, without the order previously obtained of the court before which the juror is summoned, is punishable in the same manner stated above. If two or more persons in any state or territory conspire to deter by force, intimidation, or threat, any party or witness in any court of the United States from attending such court, or from testifying to any matter pending therein freely, fully, and truthfully; or to injure such party or witness in his person or property on account of his having so attended or testified; or to influence the verdict, presentment, or indictment of any grand or petit juror in any such court;

or to injure such juror in his person or property on account of any verdict, presentment, or indictment lawfully assented to by him; or of his being or having been such juror each of such persons shall be punished by a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $5000, or by imprisonment, with or without hard labour, not less than six months nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. A similar punishment is inflicted in cases of conspiracy to defeat the enforcement of the laws.

Every person who directly or indirectly bribes a judge, shall be fined and imprisoned at the discretion of

the Court, and shall for ever be disqualified to hold any office of honour, trust, or profit under the United States. And every person who promises, offers, gives, or causes or procures to be promised, offered, or given, any money or other thing of value, or makes or tenders any contract, undertaking, obligation, gratuity, or security for the payment of money, or for the delivery or conveyance of anything of value to any member of either House of Congress, either before or after such member has been qualified or has taken his seat, with intent to influence his vote or decision on any question, matter, cause, or proceeding which may be at any time pending in either House, or before any committee thereof, shall be fined not more than three times the amount of money or value of the thing so offered, &c., or procured to be offered, &c., and shall be moreover imprisoned not more than three years. Judges, members, and United States officers accepting such bribery shall be punished in like manner; and every member, officer, or person convicted thereof, who holds any place of profit or trust, shall forfeit his office or place, and shall thereafter be for ever disqualified from holding any office of honour, trust, or profit under the United States. Every person who by any unlawful means hinders, delays, prevents, or obstructs, or combines and confederates with others to hinder, &c., any citizen from doing any act required to be done to qualify him to vote, or from voting at any election in any state, territory, district, county, city, parish, township, school district, municipality, or other territorial subdivisions, shall be fined not less than $500, or be imprisoned not less than one month nor more than one year, or be punished by both such fine and imprisonment. Every person who prevents, hinders, con

trols, or intimidates another from exercising, or in exercising the right of suffrage to whom that right is guaranteed by the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States, by means of bribery or threats of depriving such person of employment or occupation, or of ejecting such person from a rented house, lands, or other property, or by threats of refusing to renew leases or contracts for labour, or by threats of violence to himself or family, is punishable in manner as above stated. Parties to a conspiracy to injure or intimidate citizens in the free exercise of civil rights shall be fined not more than $500 and imprisoned not more than ten years, and shall be thereafter ineligible to any office or place of honour, profit, or trust created by the Constitution or laws of the United States. Felonies and misdemeanours committed in the act of violating the two last provisions are to be punished with such punishment as may be prescribed by the laws of the state in which the offence is committed. Every person who, under colour of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom,

subjects, or causes to be subjected, any inhabitant of any state or territory to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution and laws of the United States, or to different punishment, pains, or penalties on account of such inhabitant being an alien, or by reason of his colour or race, than are prescribed for the punishment of citizens, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1000, or by imprisonment not more than one year, or by both; and a civil action for damages, &c., lies against the person depriving a citizen of any rights secured by the Constitution and laws. According to the United States laws, accessories after the fact to murder, rob

bery, or piracy shall be imprisoned not more than three years, and fined not more than $500. Accessories after the fact to any robbery of the carrier, agent, or other person intrusted with the mail, of such mail or any part thereof, shall be fined not more than $2000, and be imprisoned at hard labour not more than ten years; and accessories after the fact to the offence of stealing or taking any letter or other mail-matter, or any inclosure therein, shall be fined not more than $1000, and be imprisoned not more than five years. It is unnecessary for the purpose of this work to state more of the many punishments by fine or imprisonment, or both, meted out to offenders and criminals by the several United States Statutes.

TREATMENT OF PRISONERS.

All persons convicted of crime by any court of the United States, whose punishment is imprisonment, in a district or territory where at the time of conviction, or at any time during the term of imprisonment, there may be no penitentiary or jail suitable for the confinement of convicts, or available therefor, are confined during the term or residue of the term of sentence in some suitable jail or penitentiary in a convenient state or territory, designated by the AttorneyGeneral, and are transported and delivered to the warden or keeper thereof, by the marshal of the district or territory where the conviction has occurred. But if, in the opinion of the Attorney-General, the expense of transportation would exceed the cost of maintaining such convicted persons in jail in the state, territory, or District of Columbia, during the period of their sentence they are not so transported. The place of imprisonment may be changed in any case when, in the opinion

of the Attorney-General, it is necessary for the preservation of the health of the prisoner, or when, in his opinion, the place of confinement is not sufficient to secure the custody of the prisoner, or because of cruel or improper treatment. No change is made on the ground of the unhealthiness of the prisoner, or because of his treatment, unless the prisoner or some one in his behalf apply for it. Prisoners in the jail or penitentiary of any state or territory are in all respects subject to the same discipline and treatment as convicts sentenced by the courts of the state or territory in which their place of confinement is situated, and are exclusively under the control of the officers having charge of the same under the laws of such state or territory. United States convicts sentenced to imprisonment for more than one year, or to imprisonment and confinement to hard labour, may be confined during the term of sentence in any state jail or penitentiary within the district or state where they were sentenced, if the use of such jail or penitentiary is allowed by the legislature of the state for that purpose.

United States prisoners confined in any prison or penitentiary of any state or territory which has no system of commutation for its own prisoners, have a deduction from their several terms of sentence of five days in each and every calendar month during which no charge of misconduct has been sustained against each severally, who is discharged at the expiration of his term of sentence less the time so deducted, and a certificate of the warden or keeper of such prison of such deduction is entered on the warrant of commitment. Should, however, the prisoner during

the term of imprisonment commit any offence for which he is convicted by jury, all remissions theretofore made are thereby annulled. When there is a system of commutation in operation in the territory or state, United States prisoners confined in such state or territorial prison are entitled to the same rule of credits for good behaviour, applicable to other prisoners in the same jail or penitentiary. On the discharge from any prison of any person convicted under the laws of the United States on indictment, he or she is provided by the warden or keeper of said prison with one plain suit of clothes, and $5 in money, for which charge is made and allowed in the accounts of such prison with the United States.

Sentences may be ordered to be executed in any house of correction or house of reformation for juvenile delinquents within the state or district where such court is held, the use of which is authorised by the legislature of the state for such purpose. Offenders being under the age of sixteen years and convicted of crime, the punishment whereof is imprisonment, are confined during the term of sentence in some house of refuge designated by the AttorneyGeneral, and transported and delivered to the warden or keeper thereof by the marshal of the district where the conviction has occurred.

The Attorney - General contracts for the imprisonment, subsistence, and proper employment of prisoners confined in state or territorial jails or penitentiaries with the managers or proper authorities having control of such prisoners; and for the imprisonment, subsistence, and proper employment of all juvenile offenders with the managers or persons having control of the houses of refuge.