...not fit the legal definition of this entity. 4 An international collaborative venture may be defined as interfirm collaboration in product development,...marketing that spans national boundaries, is not based on amis-length market transactions, and includes substantial contributions by partners of capital, technology,...

...In this study, we define an international collaborative venture as when multiple firms collaborate "in product development, manufacture, or marketing...arm's-length market transactions, and includes substantial contribution by partners of capital, technology, or other assets" (Mowery 1988: 2-3). The compelling...

...(1987). Cantwell and Dunning (1991). Howells and Michie eds. (1997). 2 Mowery (1992. p. 211) defines an international collaborative venture as 'interfirm...partners of capital, technology or other assets'. 3 These are recurrent echoes on the specialised press. See. for example. 'Foreign passports, US doctorates'....