Page Field of wheat, Illustration of. . . . 112 Fife wheat 11 Fire 148 Fixation of qualities 43 Flax, Selection of 39 Flour 21 Acidity of 21 Adulteration of 301 Bleaching of 274-275, 285 Brands of 285-286 Bread 286-287 Commercial grades 285-286 Comparative values of 285 • Composition of 26, 299 . Durum wheat 284 Entire wheat 284-285 Grades of 275 Graham 284 Hard-wheat 283 Pastrv 284 Patent 270,275 Self-raising 285 Soft-wheat 283-284 Flour beetles 184 ■ Flour moth 183-184
Flours, Different uses of 283
Flour yield of wheat 277
Flowering 20-21 Flowers of wheat 14 Food of plants 126-127 Food of plants, Fertilizers and . . 143-145 Food supply. Scarcity of 316 Food taken from soil by plants. . . 147 Food, Wheat as 7, 8, 286 Frosts 149 Frumity 283 Fultz 11 Fungous enemies 155-169 G. Gambling 255 Garlic 153 Germination 16-17,18, 22-23, 142 Germination and Fertilizers 142 Germ of wheat 15, 25 Glume-spot 155 Glumes 14 Gluten 27, 273, 283 Gluten content 10, 48-49 Grades: Commercial 223-224 Composition and 28 Contract 222-223, 224 Contract, Gresham's law 225 Uniformity of 223 Grades of flour 275 Grading 221-222 Grain aphis 180-181 Grain beetles 184 Grain dealers 242 Independent 217-218 Grain dealers' associations: Local 217 Rules and practices of 218 Grain moth 182-183 Grain privileges 243-244 Page Grain railways 189 Grains in bushel 22 Grains in spike 15 Grain trade: Development of 214 Importance of 214-215 Grain vessels. Nationality of 197 Gramineae 2 Granary weevil 182 Grape-Nuts 298, 300 Grass: Classification 2-3 Family of 2-3 Origin of 2-3 Grasshoppers (See Locust) .... 176-179 Green bug 180-181 Gresham's law 225 Growers of wheat 29-31, 33 Growth: Heat units and 11-24, 127 Period of 23-24 Processes of 127 Rainfall and 23-24 Temperature and 23-24 Guano 137-138 Gulf exports 189-193 Gypsum 139-140 n. Hail 148 Handstones 262 Hardness of wheat 51 Hard spring wheat 53 Hard winter wheat 10 Harrowing 70-71 Objects of 70 Harrows: Ancient 70-71 Disc 71 Modern 71 Primitive 70 Tooth 71 Harvest customs 73-77 Ancient 74-75 European 74 Modern 75-77 Harvesters, Combined 90-95 Definition of 90 Horse power 92 Illustration of 104 Steam 92-93 Stripper 91 Use in United States 92 Use of. . 90 Use of stripper 91 Harvesters, Self-binding 87-89 Classes of 87-88 Definition of 87 Illustration of 34, 128 Low-down 87-88 Modern 87, 89 Patents on 88 Harvesting: Implements of 78-94 Maturity of wheat for 78 Outfit complete 93-94 Primitive methods. t 78 Page Harvest laborers ... 75-77 American migration of 75-77 European migration of . 75 Typical American . 76 Harvest period 45 Customs of 73-77 Risks of 73-74 Harvest time succession 76-77 Hay, wheat 302 Header 80-84 Cutting 82-84 Definition of ... 81 Early 83 Gallic 81,83 Illustration of . ... 82 Kinds of 81 Modern 83,84 Stripping 81 Use of 84 Header barges 82 Header binder.. 89 Header, Use of 89 Mississippi valley 84 Pacific coast 84 Hedging sales 246 Hessian fly 170-174 Description of 170-172 Distribution of 170 Effect on wheat 172 Introduction of 170 Life history 170-172 Losses from ... 172-173 Remedies 173-174 Homotyposis 35 Hordese 2 Hot waves 149 Hot winds 149 Humus 129-130 Crop rotation and 129-130 Supply of 129 Hungarian milling . 270 Hybridization 40-46 Basis stock of 41 Botanical classes and ... 43 Characteristics affected by 45 Composite 44 History of 43-46 Of races 41 Process of 41 Results of 42 With rye . 45 Hybrids: Characteristics of . 41 Garton's 42 Natural 40 I. Importance of wheat 6-8 Qualitative . 6 Quantitative 6 7 Importation of seed . 50 Imports: Great Britain 315 Rome 316 World 318 Improved varieties. Permanence of 46 Improvement of wheat 33-46 Page Index of authors. Topical 354 Indian meal moths 184 "Inland Empire*' 93 Insect enemies 170-187 Growing wheat 170-181 Losses to growing grain 181 Losses to stored grain 184 Remedies, Growing grain ... . 181 Remedies, Stored grain 184-185 Species 170 Stored wheat 181-185 Inspection 219-220 Institutional evolution 29-33 Insurance 186-187, 226-227 Grain in transit 226 Growing grain—Europe 186 Growing grain—United States, 186-187 Marine 227 Natural destroyers in field . . . 186-187 Stored grain 226 International grain trade 305 International wheat trade 318 Irrigated wheat 51 Irrigation 116-123 Alkali 120-121 Ancient 115-116 Cost of 121 Early United States 117 Historical 115-116 Methods 119-120 Modern— Foreign countries. .. 116-117 Modern—United States 118 Problems 118-119 Rainfall and 122 Semi-arid region of U . S 121-123 Irrigation water: Composition of. 120-121 Fertilizing value of 146 Supply of 118 Italian paste 296 J. Joint worm 181 Jones' winter fife 45 K. Kernel 15-16 Kouskous 283 Kubanka 11, 51 L. Labor 59 106-107 Cost of 59 Human 59 Required for production .... 106-107 I ake shipments 194 Land plaster 139-140 Leaf blight 169 Leaves 14, 18 Lime 138-139 Line elevator companies 204 Locusts 176-179 Breeding grounds of 177-178 Life history 178-179 Plagues of 176-178 Remedies 180 Rocky Mountain 177-179 Page Loose smut 159 Loss from: Natural destroyers 185 Poor seed 54 M. Macaroni 293-296 Composition of 296 Food value of 293 Processes of manufacture. . . .295-296* Wheats used 293-294 Macaroni industry. 294-295 Foreign countries 294 United States 294 Macaroni wheat: Field of 292 Machinery: Distribution of 99 Harvesting 78-94 Manufacture of 09 * Manure 136-137 Deterioration of 137 Map of wheat in United States. . . 9 Margins 244,260 Market: Local 240 Primary 188, 219 Speculative 241 World 241 Marketing 214-233 Argentina 231-233 Canada 232-233 Foreign countries 228-233 India 230-231 Methods of 215 Russia 228-230 Markets 240-241 Marl 139 Material in acre crop 24 Maturity, early 11 Meal snout-moth 184 Meal worms 184 Measurement of wheat 22 Mediterranean flour moth 183-184 Meridian bisecting acreage ...... 4 Middlings 274 Middlings purifier 274 Midge 175-176 Migration of wheat 1-2, 4 Mildew 169 Milling 262-282 Bleaching of flour 274-275 Bolting 267 Cleaning of wheat 273 Dust collector 275 Early inventions 267 Early United States 267-268 Fundamental processes . . .273-274 High 268-269 Long svstem 271 Low 268 Middlings . 269 Milling proper 274 Mixing of wheat . .272-273 Modern 267-275 Present processes 271-275 Page Milling, Roller 269-270 Selection of wheat 271-272 Short system 271 Spring wheat 269 Time required 276 Winter wheat 269 Milling industry 279-282 Argentina 282 Australia 282 Canada 282 Census United States 280 Foreign countries 280-282 Geographical location U.S.. .279-280 Great Britain 281 Hungary 280-281 Leading states U. S 279-280 Minneapolis 279 Minnesota 279 Netherlands 282 'New Zealand 282 Orient 282 Russia 281-282 United States 279-280 Milling products 275, 283 Mills: Ancient 263 Capacity of 276-277 Cattle 265 Early United States 266-267 Handstones 262 Large modern 272, 278 Large typical 276-277 Mortar and pestle 262-264 Quern 264 Saddle stones 263 Slave 265 Types of 262 Water 265-266 Wind 265-266 Minnesota No. 169 wheat 11 Minnesota 163 wheat 22 Mixing 225-226,272-273 Moisture content 26, 50 Moisture effects 50 Moisture, Excessive 149-150 Mortar and pestle 263 Type of 262-264 Moths: Angoumois grain 182-183 Indian meal 184 Meal snout 184 Mediterranean flour 183-184 Motor power 59-61 Animal 59,61 Electricity 61 Human 59 Steam 61 Movement of wheat. 303-319 Eastern 189-192 Export United States 304-305 Financiering of 227-228 Internal United States 304-305 Southern 192-193 World 316-319 Multiplication of wheat 21-22 Mummy wheat 15, 23 Mustard 153 Page Name of wheat 1-2 Natural destroyers. Losses from. . 185 Natural environment 47-51 Natural Food Company 300 New varieties 32 Nitragin 132 Nitrate of soda 139 Nitrogen 131-134 Fixing of 131-134 Pure cultures 133-134 Nitrogen bacteria 132-134 Artificial distribution of 133-134 Classes of.. 132 Description of 133-134 Nitrogen content 22 By soil inoculation 132-134 Nitrogen famine 131 Nitrogen free extract 27 Nodes 13-14, 17 Nomenclature 8 Non-shattering wheat 11, 45 Noodles... 297 Northern grown seed . . 41 Northern limits of production. ... 4 0. Oats 2, 5 Consumption of 7 Organs of reproduction 14 . Oriental trade 197 Origin of wheat 1-3 Biological 2-3 Etymological 1 Geographical 1-2 Historical 2 Outline of Authors, topical 354 Bibliography 327 Wheat 321-325 Ovary 14 Ovulary 20 P. Pacific coast exports 194 Pasturing of wheat 72.302 Per capita consumption 302 Period of growth 17, 23-24,49 Phosphoric acid 138 Physical properties 22 Pit, Chicago 248 Plant breeding. Father of 43 Plant lice. Wheat 176 Plant pathology 481 Plow . 63 Common hand 63 Coulters 62 Early American 61,62 Early European 62 Electric 63 Fowler 63 Gang 63 Modern 63 Patents on 63 Primitive 61-63 Sulky 63 Page Plowing 61-65 Depth of 65 Popular prejudices 62 Tail 62 Time of 63-65 Polish wheat 3, 8, 11 Pollen 20-21, 40 Potash 139 Potatoes as food 7 Poulard wheat 11 Powdery mildew 169 Predictions of wheat shortage. .316-317 Prehistoric wheat 2 Price 234-261 Argentina 313 Communication and 237 Competition and 237-238 Exportation and 238 Factors of 234 India 311 Reactions 235, 237 Transportation and 237 Visible supply and 238-239 Frice determining influences 241 Primary grain markets 188 Primary market 219 Pringle s Defiance 44 Privileges, grain 243-244 Production 7, 303-319 Argentina 311-313 Australian 315-316 Austria-Hungary 316 Belgium 316 Brazil 316 Canada 313-315 Chile 316 Egypt 316 Europe 319 Factors of 108,109 France 316 Germany 316 Increase of in Russia 308 India 310-311 Italy 316 Land values and 303 Limits of in United States 303 Manchuria 197 Mexico 316 Movement of wheat and 303 Netherlands 316 Northern Hemisphere 319 Roumania 316 Russia 307-310 Siberia 309 Southern Africa 316 Southern Hemisphere 319 Statistical 304 Statistics, Argentina 313 Statistics, England 315 Statistics, India 311 Statistics, Russia 309 Statistics, World 317 United Kingdom 315 United States 304 Uruguay 316 World 316-319 Products of wheat, Animal food, 301-302 Page Profit on raising wheat 106 Protein 27 Puts 243-244 Q Quern 264 R. Railroads: Discrimination 218-219 Elevators and 207 Grain lines 189 Rail shipments, statistics . . . 194-195 Rain belt in United States 122 Rainfall in United States 121-123 Ready-to-eat wheat foods 297-301 Commercial success of 300 Composition of 299 Consumption of 299-300 Kinds of 298 Processes of manufacture 298 Reaper 84-86 Bell's 85 Early American 86 Early English 85-86 Definition of 84 Illustration of 306 Modern self-rake 86 'Use of 86-87 Red wheat 10 Regermination 17 Resistant to climate, Wheat 11 Rice 2 Rice as a food 7 Rice weevil .*. . . 182 Ripening 20, 21 Time required 23-24 River wheat tug, Illustration of. . 191 Roller milling, Process of 269-270 Romanow wheat 5 Roots 11-13, 18 Root system . 12 Rotation of crops 144-145 Russian cactus 151-152 Russian soils 307-308 Russian thistle 151-152 Description of 152 Dispersion of 151 Extermination of 152 Rust 162-169 Black or stem 162 Crown 162 Development 166-167 Dispersion of 165-166 Distribution of 166 How damage results 167 Kinds of 162 Life history. 162-166 Losses from ... . 167-168 Red or orange leaf 162 Remedies 168-169 Resistance to 45 Resistant wheat 10 Resisting varieties 168 Spores, Growth of 163-164 Spores, Kinds of 163 Spores, Viability of 165-166 Page Rye 2 Consumption of 7-8 Food 7 Production in Russia 309 Winter 4-5 S. Saddle stones 263 Salt 140 Salts and germination 16 Sawflies 181 Scotch fife wheat 47 Scythe 79-80 Hainault 79 Use of 79 Seacoast wheat 49 Sea level wheat 5 Seasonal effects 51 Section of wheat grain 16 Seed 51-69 Advantages of exchange 54-55 Amount of, per acre 69 Bed for 65 Dealers in 53 Deterioration of 54-55 Effects of good and poor 52 Evils of exchange of 55 Importance of 51 Importations 56 Purchase of 51, 53 Wheat for 51-56 Seeders 66-69 Ancient 68 Early English 66-67 Force feed 67,68 Patents on 67 Wagon 67 Width of 68 Seeding 17, 65-66 By nature 69 Depth of 70 Time of 69-70 Selection 3, 36-40 Artificial 36 Characteristics influenced by. . . 39-40 Early 37 Heavy seed 39 Incidences of 36 Light seed 38 Minnesota station 37 Natural 36, 40 Results of 37-40 Self-binding harvester, Illustra- Self-fertilization. 21, 41, 43 Semi-arid region of U. S.. 121-123, 307 Semi-hard district 9 Semolina 295 Sewage waters as fertilizers 141-142 Sharlock 153 Shipments out of country 304 Shocking 90 Shorts, Composition of 25 Shredded Wheat Biscuit 297-298 Sickle 78-79 Smut 155-162 Early remedies 155, 157 |