It is strange that the sun should call into birth All the fair flowers and fruits of earth.* I saw not where he hurried on. I could believe that in that bosom now there is no pulse. That you have wronged me doth appear in this. 6. (a.) An Adjective Clause is one which, in reference to the Principal Clause, takes the place of an Adjective. The man, whom you saw, has departed. The man has departed is the Principal Clause; whom you saw is the Subordinate Clause, and it takes the place of an Adjective, for it tells what man has departed. (b.) As the Adjective qualifies the Noun, and as the Noun generally occupies the place of the subject or of the object, so the Adjective Clause is generally attached to the subject or the object. (c.) The Adjective Clause is generally connected with the Principal Clause by the Relative Pronouns who, which, and that; or by the Relative Adverbs, such as wherein, whither, why, wherefore, &c. LESSON XXXIII. Name the Adjective Clauses in the following Exercise, and state whether they qualify the subject or the object :— This is the house that Jack built. The little boy who hurt his finger went home. Show me the place where they have laid him. Can you point out the road which they took? The man that hath no music in himself, Is fit for treason, stratagems, and spoils. Is this a dagger which I see before me? Was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself? He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Death, that hath sucked the honey of thy breath, Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. To us, who dwell on its surface, the Earth is by far the most extensive orb that our eyes can anywhere behold. On these white cliffs, that calm above the flood * It-namely, that the sun, &c.—is strange. The Subordinate Clause in this case may be regarded as in apposition with the Pronoun it. The boy stood on the burning deck, I can easily explain the reason why I acted so. as his sister. He told the same story 7. (a.) The Adverbial Clause is one which, in reference to the Principal Clause, takes the place of an Adverb. He fled when we approached. He fled is the Principal Clause; when we approached is the Subordinate Clause, and it takes the place of an Adverb, for it tells when he fled. (b.) As the Adverb generally modifies the Verb, so the Adverbial Clause generally modifies the Predicate of the Principal Clause. It may, however, be used wherever an Adverb can be used. (c.) The Adverbial Clause is connected with the Principal Clause by a great variety of particles. (1.) Adverbial Clauses of time are connected by Adverbs of time, such as before, ere, whilst, until, when, whenever, &c. (2.) Adverbial Clauses of place are connected by Adverbs of place, such as where, whither, whence, &c. (3.) Adverbial Clauses of manner are connected by Adverbs of manner, such as as if, so far as, than, if, unless, except, &c. LESSON XXXIV. Name the Adverbial Clauses in the following Exercise, and state what they modify : He went out when he had finished dressing. Now that your father has arrived, you may go. You must not move from the spot until I give you leave. After he had gained the victory, he entered Rome in triumph. Whenever I come your way, I shall call on you. He remained where they stationed him. So far as I can understand, you have done it correctly. John is taller than his brother (is). He is not so great a fool as people imagine. He ordered his men to lie down, inasmuch as the fire of the enemy was galling them severely. Unless you sit still, the photograph will be spoiled. Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved. In order that all men might understand his meaning, he caused a proclamation to be issued. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Draw thy sword, That, if my speech offend a noble heart, I am so much a miser grown, That I could wish to hide thee LESSON XXXV. Write six Complex Sentences, each containing a Noun Clause; six, each containing an Adjective Clause; and six, each containing an Adverbial Clause. LESSON XXXVI. Select from your reading lesson, or from any other book, twelve Complex Sentences, underlining the Subordinate Clauses in each. LESSON XXXVII. Convert these Simple Sentences into Complex Sentences: I cannot tell the date of his return. He was informed of the ship's arrival. An honest man is the noblest work of God. The weary have reached the haven of rest. The advantages of your plan are evident. Thy lovers have forsaken thee. He could give no account of his birthplace. They assembled at the appointed place. Lost opportunities can never be recovered. His last resting-place was marked by no memorial stone. He seemed beside himself. He knew nothing of his destination. The occasional frequenter of the theatre may derive some good from his visits. The observant traveller can tell of many strange experiences, on his return home. The true object of affection is not easily found. Roamers from home wander far in the pursuit of happiness. A rude wooden cross marks the scene of the battle. 8. To Analyze a Complex Sentence, we have simply to name first the Principal Clause and then the Subordinate Clauses, specifying whether they are Noun, Adjective, or Adverbial Clauses, Analyze the following Complex Sentences :* LESSON XXXVIII. While they were contending with the wind and the snow, Glenlyon was supping with those whom he meant to butcher before daybreak. Late in the evening, a vague suspicion that some evil was intended crossed the mind of the chief's eldest son. Two men, it is said, were overheard whispering, "I do not like this job." He who ascends to mountain tops shall find The loftiest peaks most wrapt in clouds and snow. While the manners, while the arts, That mould a nation's soul, Still cling around our hearts, Between let ocean roll, Our joint communion breaking with the sun. LESSON XXXIX. Of all the curses that afflict humanity, war is the most dreadful. We now passed under the shade of an immense range of lofty buildings, whose gloomy and solid strength seemed to bid defiance to chance and time. When I see kings lying by those who deposed them, when I consider rival wits placed side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests and disputes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions, factions, and debates of mankind. If it were done when 'tis done, then 'twere well It were done quickly. For aught that ever I could read, Could ever hear by tale or history, The course of true love never did run smooth. LESSON XL. If one could have read the emperor's thoughts, as he stood before his conqueror, he could have told that the iron had entered deeply into his soul. The hurricane, that has recently overthrown so much that was great and that seemed durable, has only proved the solidity of our institutions. * Each sentence may also be parsed logically, after the manner explained under the Simple Sentence. (See p. 124.) Princess! if our aged eyes Weep upon thy matchless wrongs, "Tis because resentment ties All the terrors of our tongues. They passed the hall, that echoes still, Sweet eyes in England, I must flee THE COMPOUND SENTENCE. 1. (a.) The Compound Sentence, in its simplest form, consists of two Simple Sentences combined, so that the one is co-ordinate, or of equal force, with the other. John went away and James remained, is a Compound Sentence, composed of the two Simple Sentences, John went away, James remained. The second sentence is not dependent on the first, but is of equal force with it. (b.) The different Clauses of a Compound Sentence are said to be coordinate with each other. (c.) The different Clauses of a Compound Sentence are generally connected together by the Copulative and the Disjunctive Conjunctions. LESSON XLI. Name the Clauses of the following Compound Sentences, and state how they are connected : I have begun to plant thee, and will labour to make thee full of growing. The father went to America, but the son remained at home. He neither learned his lesson nor listened to his teacher. The house is filled with loud laments and cries, From thence I resorted to the palace, and began to search the rooms. I made some figure there, nor was my name obscure. He stared and rolled his haggard eyes around. Mary suspected his practices and dreaded his ambition. The Act was to be passed in the following week, but it was fearfully arrested in its progress. Thus ended all hope of |