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SUMMARY.

1. All the words in the English language may be arranged into Eight Classes, which are called-Parts of Speech.

2. The Eight Parts of Speech are the following:-Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Pronoun, Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection. 3. Noun is the name given to all those words which name objects, persons, places, or things.

4. Verb is the name given to all those words which tell what anything does, what is done to it, or in what state it is.

5. Adjective is the name given to all those words which tell the kind, or quality, or number of the noun.

6. Adverb is the name given to all those words which tell the time, place, or manner, in which anything is done.

7. Pronoun is the name given to all those words which are used instead of nouns, and which prevent the too frequent repetition of the

noun.

8. Preposition is the name given to all those words which show the relation between individual words in a sentence.

9. Conjunction is the name given to all those words which join sentences, the parts of sentences, or single words, together.

10. Interjection is the name given to all those words which express surprise, joy, or any sudden emotion of the mind.

REVISAL.

Tell which Part of Speech each word is in the following Exercises :

LESSON XXXVI.

Sir Isaac Newton was so small and feeble in his infancy, that little hope was entertained of his life. His father died very early; but his mother did all in her power to provide for him the means of education. At school he displayed remarkable skill in the use of little saws, hatchets, hammers, and all sorts of tools. He made models of wood when his companions were at play.

LESSON XXXVII.

Douglas caused a case of silver to be made, into which he put the Bruce's heart, and wore it around his neck by a string of silk and gold.

He set forward for the Holy Land with a gallant train of brave men, who resolved to attend him to Jerusalem. Douglas never got to the end of his journey. He died in Spain in a great battle against the Moors.

LESSON XXXVIII.

A fox went out in a hungry plight,

And he begged of the moon to give him light,

For he had many miles to trot that night,

Before he could reach his den, O!

And first he came to a farmer's yard,

And the ducks and the geese declared it hard

That their sleep should be broken and their rest should be marred
By the visits of Master Fox, O!

LESSON XXXIX.

The Polar bear is large and fierce. He lives in cold lands, where the snow lies on the ground all the year. He has a thick white fur to keep him warm. He feeds on dead whales and on seals. When he is hungry he will fight any animal. He rises on his hind legs, and tries to hug or squeeze people to death with his fore paws. Sailors who go to cold countries in ships have often to fight with white bears.

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bright yellow, red, jet black, and fawn. He is a merry little bird, always flying about, and ever ready to sing. The goldfinch is useful to man; for he feeds on the seeds of the thistle and other weeds, which are thus prevented from spoiling our gardens. He makes a beautiful

nest, lined with moss and hair, in which the female lays three or four eggs.

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PART SECOND.

SUBDIVISION OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH.

THE NOUN.

LESSON I.

POINT out all the Nouns that are the names of persons or places in the following Exercise :—

Glasgow is the largest Samuel was a prophet. Peter walked on the Sea of Roger

London is the capital of England. Thomas gave his knife to John. William, king of England, was a great general. city in Scotland. Moses was born in Egypt. Daniel was cast into the den of lions. Galilee. Mary gave a rose to Jane. Carlo is a good dog. was the hound's name. Lanark is a large county. Paris is a beautiful city.

DEFINITION I-Nouns which are the names of particular persons, places, or things are called PROPER NOUNS.

DEFINITION II.-A Noun which is the name of a class, or of all things of the same kind, is called a COMMON NOUN.

LESSON II.

In the following Exercise, write all the Proper Nouns in one column, and the Common Nouns in another :

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Prussia is a country in Europe. William the Conqueror came from Normandy into England, and landed near Hastings. A bloody battle was fought, in which Harold was defeated. The rose has leaves. The Earth is warmed by the rays of the sun. Give me the lantern, and I shall show you the way to the cave where the robber hid the gold. The thief who stole my coat was caught, and put in prison. John, book, ass, hat, America, hair, Wellington, silver, pencil, Lord Derby, street, window.

LESSON III.

In the following Exercise, point out all the Nouns which are the names of qualities or actions :—

Writing is useful. John told the truth. The brightness of the sun struck him blind. Wisdom is to be sought for. Running is excellent exercise. The whiteness of the paper is remarkable. The beauty of the scene was great. Honour, love, and truth, are the names of qualities. Bathing, diving, swimming, riding, dancing, singing, are the names of actions. Walking is healthful. His affection for the child was wonderful. Repentance for an error done is right. His goodness was manifest to all men. Vengeance! thy fiery wing their race pursued. The sharpness of the razor is proverbial. His sagacity and prudence stood him in good stead.

DEFINITION.-Nouns which are the names of qualities or actions are called ABSTRACT NOUNS.

LESSON IV.

Write in three columns the Proper, Common, and Abstract Nouns in the following Exercise :

Milton's purity of life secured the approbation even of his enemies. The brilliancy of the sun in countries like Palestine is much greater than in lands like Scotland. The honour of the general was pledged for the safe return of the ambassador. The glory of Elizabeth's reign surpassed that of any contemporary monarch. His goodness was equally noticed in his treatment of foes as well as of friends. Oh, the joys that come down, shower-like, on friendship, love, and liberty! What is friendship but a name,

A charm that lulls to sleep.

The cruelty of Nero has caused his name to become a by-word. Before honour is humility, and pride goeth before a fall.

LESSON V.

Write down twelve Proper, twelve Common, and twelve Abstract Nouns.

LESSON VI.

Construct sentences, introducing one of the following Nouns into each :

Holiness, justice, beauty, oak, lion, Rome, Napoleon, talking, sunbeam, patience, Thames, crow, Henry.

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