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7. Has the gentleman done? Has he completely done? He was unparliamentary from the beginning to the end of his speech. There was scarce a word he uttered that was not a violation of the privileges of the House. But I did not call him to order,- why? because the limited talents of some men render it impossible for them to be severe without being unparliamentary.

8. Who made you glorious as the gates of Heaven
Beneath the keen, full moon? Who bade the sun
Clothe you with rainbows? Who, with living flowers
Of loveliest blue, spread garlands at your feet?
God! let the torrents, like a shout of nations,
Answer! and let the ice-plains echo, God!

Exercise 64.- Change from the exclamatory to the declarative. Show how the sentence is rendered exclamatory. Note the loss of energy in the change from the emotional to the matter-of-fact form.

1. How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank! 2. A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse! 3. I have well bethought me of my duties. O, how extensive they are! what a fair and goodly inheritance! 4. For, lo! the hills around, gay in their early green, give silent thanks. 5. O, pleasantly the harvest-moon looked on them through the great elm boughs!

6. How poor, how rich, how abject, how august,
How complicate, how wonderful is man!
How passing wonder He who made him such!
7. How the lit lake shines,- a phosphoric sea
And the big rain comes dancing to the earth!
8. An heir of glory! a frail child of dust!
Helpless immortal! insect infinite!

A worm! a god! - I tremble at myself,
And in myself am lost.

9. A boom!- the Lighthouse gun!
(How its echo rolls and rolls!)
"Tis to warn the home-bound ships

Off the shoals!

See! a rocket cleaves the sky

From the Fort; a shaft of light!
See! it fades and fading, leaves

Golden furrows on the night!

Exercise 65.— Change from the declarative to the interrogative. Note the gain in energy.

1. The Judge of all the earth will do right. 2. Thou hast not given the horse strength; thou hast not clothed his neck with thunder. 3. The leviathan will not make many supplications unto thee; he will not speak soft words unto thee; thou canst not take him as a servant forever; thou canst not play with him as with a bird. 4. We will not submit, and consent that we ourselves shall be ground to powder, and our country and its rights trodden down in the dust. 5. The traces of her early cares, her sufferings, and fatigues, were all gone. 6. The hardest task in the world is to think. 7. Cut off from all hope of royal clemency, you are nothing, you can be nothing, but outlaws. 8. These roarers (the waves) care nothing for the name of king. 9. You cannot put your hand in the fire without being burned.

Exercise 66.- Change from the declarative to the exclamatory. Note the gain in energy.

1. They lash us with their tongues. 2. The scenes of my childhood are dear to my heart. 3. Their melody foretells a world of merriment. 4. The fears which such a situation must inspire are boundless. 5. Sighs have been wafted after that ship; prayers have been offered up at the deserted fireside of home. 6. And the star which they saw in the east, went before them till it came and stood over where the young child was. 7. These are noble institutions; this is a comprehensive policy; this is a wise equalization of every political advantage. 8. Our hearts were beating when we saw the army of the League drawn out in long array. 9. Mar cried to them to put their lances down. 10. There never was such a knight in friendship or in war as our sovereign lord, King Henry of Navarre. 11. He commanded them to fix bayonets and charge. 12. King

Robert who was standing near the throne, lifted his eyes, and he was alone. 13. They cried to him to come back before the ruin fell.

PRINCIPLE XVII.-Direct and Indirect Narration.

The direct form of speech gives the thought of another in his own words; the indirect gives his thought only, not his words: as

Direct.-1. The crabbed old schoolmaster used to ask, when they brought him a new pupil, “But are you sure he is not a dunce?"

2. "Do not trouble yourself too much about the light upon your statue," said Michael Angelo to a young sculptor, "the light of the public square will test its value."

Indirect.-1. The crabbed old schoolmaster used to ask, when they brought him a new pupil, whether they were sure he was not a dunce.

2. Michael Angelo told a young sculptor not to trouble himself too much about the light on his statue, for the light of the public square would test its value.

PRINCIPLE. Where energetic expression of thought is desired, prefer the direct form of narration to the indirect. Sometimes, however, energy has to be sacrificed to brevity, in which case the indirect form must be used.

Exercise 67.-Re-write, changing to the indirect form. Note the loss of energy.

REMARK.-The indirect form usually requires the use of the third person instead of the first and second, and the past tense instead of the present; it requires no quotation marks.

1. Dr. Johnson is reported to have said: "If a boy says he looked out of this window, when he looked out of that, whip him."

2. "My children," said an old man to his boys who had been frightened by a figure in a dark entry, "my children, you will never see anything in this world worse than yourselves."

3. "For myself," said Daniel Webster, "I propose to abide by the principles and the purposes which I have avowed. I shall stand by the Union, and by all who stand by it. I shall do justice to the whole country according to the best of my ability in all I say, and act for the good of the country in all I do. I mean to stand upon the Constitution. I need no other platform. I shall know but one country. The ends I aim at shall be my country's, my God's, and 'Truth's." (See Principle XIV.)

4. Wolfe, also, as he led to the charge, was wounded in the wrist; but, still pressing forward, he received a second ball; and, having decided the day, was struck a third time, and mortally, in the breast. "Support me," he cried to an officer near him; "let not my brave fellows see me drop." He was carried to the rear, and they brought him water to quench his thirst. "They run! they run!" spoke the officer on whom he leaned. "Who run?" asked Wolfe, as his life blood was fast ebbing. "The French," replied the officer, "give way everywhere." What," cried the expiring hero, “do they run already? Go, one of you, to Colonel Burton; bid him march Webb's regiment with all speed to Charles River to cut off the fugitives." Four days before he had looked on early death with dismay. "Now, God be praised, I die happy." These were his words as his spirit escaped in the blaze of his glory.

66

Exercise 68.- Re-write, changing to the direct form. Punctuate according to the rules.

1. De Maistre says that to know how to wait is the great secret of success.

2. Pope says that fame can never make us lie down contented on our death-beds.

3. Dean Swift averred that he never knew a man come to eminence who lay in bed of a morning.

4. Washington Irving relates that, in the course of a December tour in Yorkshire, he rode for a long time in one of the public

coaches on the day preceding Christmas, and that he had three fine, rosy-cheeked schoolboys as his companions inside.

5. All this time, however, Pandora's fingers were half unconsciously busy with the knot; and happening to glance at the flowerwreathed face on the lid of the enchanted box, she seemed to perceive it slyly grinning at her. She thought the face looked very mischievous, and wondered if it smiled because she was doing wrong, and she had the greatest mind in the world to run away. But just then, by the merest accident, she gave the knot a kind of twist, which produced wonderful results. The gold cord untwined itself, as if by magic, and left the box without a fastening. Pandora thought that the strangest thing she had ever known, and questioned herself as to what Epimetheus would say, and how she could tie the box up again.

PRINCIPLE XVIII.— Inversion.

The groves are sweet, The fields are verdant, Gilpin went away, are all arranged in the order of (1) subject, (2) predicate, (3) complement. This is the most common arrangement, and is called the natural or grammatical order. Now change this order. Place the adjectives sweet, verdant, and the adverb away at the beginning, as, Sweet are the groves, Verdant are the fields, Away went Gilpin. What is the effect? These words by being placed in so unusual and prominent a place attract more attention; that is, they are more emphatic. Any change from the grammatical order is called inversion, and the sentence is said to have the inverted or emphatic order.

The subject, or any word whose usual position is at or near the beginning, is made emphatic by being thrown toward the end; the verb, or any word whose usual position is at or near the end, is made emphatic by being thrown toward the beginning. In general, a word becomes emphatic by being placed in an unusual position.

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